Heat and Its
Transfer
Std. VII Sci Heat and its transfer 1 of 16
Heat
Hot tea Cold water
Both hot tea (hot object) and cold water (cold object) have thermal
energy.
Hot objects have more thermal energy than cold objects.
Heat (thermal energy) is the amount of energy present in the
body.
The SI unit of heat is joule and the CGS unit
is
Std. VII Sci
erg. Heat and its transfer 2 of 16
Temperatur
e
Hot tea Cold water
he degree of hotness or coldness of a body is called its temperature.
Hot objects have higher temperature than cold objects.
The SI unit of temperature is Kelvin (K). Other units are degree Celsius (°C)
and
degree
Std. VII Sci Fahrenheit (°F). Heat and its transfer 3 of 16
Temperature
• The quantity of water
shown in the flasks in
figure P is greater than
that in figure Q.
• On heating, the water
in both flasks starts
boiling at the same
temperature.
• Boiling point does not
depend upon the
quantity of a material.
Std. VII Sci Heat and its transfer 4 of 16
Unit conversion of
temperature
Relation between Degree Fahrenheit and Degree Celsius.
F −32 C
=
9 5
5 9C
C = ( F − 32) F= −32
9 5
Relation between Kelvin and Degree Celsius.
K = C273.15 C = K 273.15
Std. VII Sci Heat and its transfer 5 of 16
Unit conversion of
temperature
Important measurements of
temperature :
Std. VII Sci Heat and its transfer 6 of 16
Unit conversion of
temperature
Question:
1. Convert 25°C to Fahrenheit.
Answer: 25°C×95+32=77°F
2. If an object possesses a temperature of 500 kelvin, then what is the
temperature of that object in degree Celsius and degree Fahrenheit?
Answer:
Given: Temperature in Kelvin =500 K
Step 1: Convert Kelvin to Celsius TC=500−273.15 =226.85 °C.
Step 2: Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit TF=226.85 × 95 + 32 = 440.33 °F.
Std. VII Sci Heat and its transfer 7 of 16
Thermometer
A thermometer is a device that measures temperature.
Digital thermometer
Clinical thermometer
Std. VII Sci Heat and its transfer 8 of 16
Clinical thermometer
Advantages of using mercury in a Disadvantages of using mercury in the
thermometer thermometer
• Being a metal, mercury is a good • One can get exposed to mercury while
conductor of heat and needs very using a mercury thermometer which is a
little heat to expand. health hazard.
• It spreads evenly as the temperature
rises. • Mercury based thermometers cannot be
• Its readings are legible because of its used in very cold regions like North Pole
silvery shine appearance. as mercury turns into a solid at -38.87°C.
• It does not stick to the walls of the
capillary of a thermometer.
o overcome these disadvantages, one can use a digital thermometer.
As digital thermometers can read temperatures fast and with high accuracy.
Also, they are handy and easy to use.
Std. VII Sci Heat and its transfer 9 of 16
Laboratory thermometer
Std. VII Sci Heat and its transfer 10 of 16
Infrared thermometer
•Principle: They operate based on detecting infrared
radiation emitted by an object, which correlates with its
temperature.
•Measurement: These thermometers measure the
surface temperature of an object or person without the
need for physical contact.
•COVID-19 Use: During the COVID-19 pandemic, they
were widely used to quickly and safely measure body
temperature to screen for potential infections.
•Accuracy: They provide rapid temperature readings with
reasonably good accuracy, typically within a range of
±0.1 to ±0.3 degrees Celsius.
•Application: Commonly used in medical settings,
airports, workplaces, and public places to screen
Std. VII Sci individuals for fever
Heat symptoms.
and its transfer 11 of 16
Six’s Thermometer
Reading of Six's
thermometer
Std. VII Sci Heat and its transfer 12 of 16
Thermometer
Clinical thermometer Laboratory Six’s thermometer
thermometer
Range 95 °F to 110 °F 14 °F to 230 °F -40 °F to 122 °F
35 °C to 42 °C -10 °C to 110 °C -40 °C to 50 °C
Material used in Liquid mercury Liquid mercury or coloured The top of the arm that indicates
the alcohol the minimum temperature contains
thermometer alcohol;
The top of the arm that indicates
the maximum temperature contains
a vacuum or low-pressure alcohol
vapour
Uses Measures temperature Used in laboratories to Measures both minimum and
of the human body measure the temperature maximum temperatures in a day
of chemicals with high
accuracy
Std. VII Sci Heat and its transfer 13 of 16
Unit conversion of
𝐅 − 𝟑𝟐 𝐂 temperature
=
𝟗 𝟓
Temperature of the object = 50 Temperature of the object = -170
Temperature of the object in = ? Temperature of the object in = ?
F −32 C F −32 C
= =
9 5 9 5
F −32 5 0 F −32 −170
= =
9 5 9 5
0 F −32
=−34
9
F F
F = 122 F = - 274
Std. VII Sci Heat and its transfer 14 of 16
Unit conversion of temperature
Relation between Kelvin and Degree Celsius.
K = C273.15 C = K 273.15
Temperature of the object = 40 Temperature of the object = 120
Temperature of the object in = ? Temperature of the object in = ?
K = C273.15 C = K − 273.15
K = 40 273.15 C = 120 273.15
K = 313.15 C = -153.15
Std. VII Sci Heat and its transfer 15 of 16
Unit conversion of
temperature
Temperature of the object = 10 First convert the
temperature from to
Temperature of the object in = ?
𝐅 − 𝟑𝟐 𝐂
=
𝟗 𝟓
C = K 273.15
𝐅 − 𝟑𝟐 −𝟐 𝟔 𝟑 .𝟏𝟓
=
= 10 – 273.15 𝟗 𝟓
Then convert ( − 𝟐𝟔 𝟑 . 𝟏𝟓 ×𝟗 )
= – 263.15 the 𝐅= +𝟑𝟐
temperature 𝟓
from to
𝐅 =−𝟒𝟕𝟑 .𝟔𝟕+𝟑𝟐
F = -441.67
Std. VII Sci Heat and its transfer 16 of 16
