TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MOMBASA
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL & AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION FOR:
THE DEGREE IN BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
TMC 4226 : Engineering Thermodynamics I
END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION
SERIES: AUGUST 2017
TIME: 2 HOURS
DATE: Pick Date Aug 2017
Instructions to Candidates
You should have the following for this examination
-Answer Booklet, examination pass and student ID
- Tables of ‘Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Fluids’ by G.F.C Rodgers and Y.R Mayhew
This paper consists of FIVE questions. Attempt any THREE questions.
Do not write on the question paper.
Question One
a) What is an Ideal gas (2 marks)
b) State and explain the following
i. Charle’s Law
ii. Boyle’s Law
iii. Avogadro’s Law (9marks)
c) A gas occupies a volume of 0.1m3 at a temperature of 200C and a pressure of 1.5 bar.
Find the final temperature of the gas, if is compressed to a pressure of 7.5 bar and
occupies a volume of 0.04 m3. ( 3 marks)
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d) A quantity of gas has a pressure of 350 KN/m2 when its volume is 0.03m3 and its
temperature is 35Oc.If the value of R=0.29 KJ/kg K.
i. Calculate the mass of the gas .
ii. If the gas pressure is increased to 1.05 MN/m2 while the volume remains
constant ,Calculate new temperature. (6 marks)
Question Two
(a) State the First law of thermodynamics. (2 marks)
(b) Derive from first principles the Steady flow energy Equation (10 marks)
(c) Air enters a gas turbine system with a velocity of 1005 m/s and has a specific volume
of 0.9m3/kg. The inlet area of the gas turbine system is 0.06m2. At exit the air has
velocity of 140m/s and has a specific volume of 1.4m3/kg, the specific enthalpy of the
air is reduced by 140KJ/kg and the air also has a heat transfer loss of 30 KJ/kg.
Determine:-
(i) The mass flow rate of the air through the turbine system in kg/s
(ii) The power developed by the turbine system in kw (8 marks)
Question Three
a) State Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements of second Law of thermodynamics
(4 marks)
b) Differentiate between heat engine and reversed heat engine. (5 marks)
c) Derive the efficiency equation of a heat engine. (4 marks)
d) A MPUC students claims to have developed a heat engine with specifications as follows:
Power Developed =76 kW
Fuel Burnt 4.8 kg/hr
Heating value of fuel = 7300kJ/kg
Temperature limits = 980k and 393 k
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Evaluate if the student claim is valid? (7marks)
Question Four
a) State the properties of steam which make it a preferred working fluid. (3 marks)
b) Explain the following terms
i. Wet steam
ii. Dry saturated steam
iii. Superheated steam (6 marks)
c) Define dryness fraction of steam (2 marks)
d) State advantages of superheated steam ( 4 marks)
e) Calculate the quantity of heat required to produce 1 kg of steam at a pressure of 6
bar at a temperature of 25o C , under the following conditions. (steam tables at 6
bar hf=6704.4kJ/kg ,hfg=2085kJ/kg ,t=158.8oC)
i. When the steam is wet having a dryness fraction of 0.9
ii. When the steam is dry saturated
iii. When it is superheated at a constant pressure of 250 oC assuming the mean
specific heat of superheated steam to be 2.3 kJ/kg K (8 marks)
Question Five
(a) Define the term fuel. (2 mark)
(b) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of liquid fuels over solid fuels. (5 marks)
(c) A sample of coal has the following composition by mass.
Carbon 75%; Hydrogen 6%; Oxygen 8%, Nitrogen 2.5%; Sulphur 1.5% and ash %
Calculate the higher and lower calorific values per kg of coal (4 marks)
(d) A blast furnance gas has the following volumetric composition:
CO2=11%, CO = 27%, H2 = 2% and N2 = 60%
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Calculate
(i) The theoretical volume of air required for the complete combustion of 1m3 of the
gas
(ii) The percentage composition of dry flue gasses by volume
(Assume that air contains 21% of O2 and 79% of N2 by volume) (9 marks)
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