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Android Architecture

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9 views

Android Architecture

Uploaded by

faiziikanwal47
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Android Architecture

• Android architecture contains a different number of components to


support any Android device’s needs. Android software contains an
open-source Linux Kernel having a collection of a number of C/C++
libraries which are exposed through application framework services.
Among all the components Linux Kernel provides the main
functionality of operating system functions to smartphones and
Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) provide a platform for running an
Android application.
Components of Android Architecture

The main components of Android architecture are the following:-


• Applications
• Application Framework
• Android Runtime
• Platform Libraries
• Linux Kernel
Pictorial representation of Android architecture with several main
components and their sub-components
1. Applications
• Applications is the top layer of android architecture. The pre-installed
applications like home, contacts, camera, gallery etc and third party
applications downloaded from the play store like chat applications,
games etc. will be installed on this layer only. It runs within the
Android run time with the help of the classes and services provided
by the application framework.
2. Application framework
• Application Framework provides several important classes which are
used to create an Android application. It provides a generic
abstraction for hardware access and also helps in managing the user
interface with application resources. Generally, it provides the
services with the help of which we can create a particular class and
make that class helpful for the Applications creation. It includes
different types of services activity manager, notification manager,
view system, package manager etc. which are helpful for the
development of our application according to the prerequisite.
3. Application runtime
• Android Runtime environment is one of the most important part of
Android. It contains components like core libraries and the Dalvik virtual
machine(DVM). Mainly, it provides the base for the application framework
and powers our application with the help of the core libraries. Like Java
Virtual Machine (JVM), Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) is a register-based
virtual machine and specially designed and optimized for android to ensure
that a device can run multiple instances efficiently. It depends on the layer
Linux kernel for threading and low-level memory management. The core
libraries enable us to implement android applications using the standard
JAVA or Kotlin programming languages.
•
4. Platform libraries
• The Platform Libraries includes various C/C++ core libraries and Java based
libraries such as Media, Graphics, Surface Manager, OpenGL etc. to provide a
support for android development.
• Media library provides support to play and record an audio and video formats.
• Surface manager responsible for managing access to the display subsystem.
• SGL and OpenGL both cross-language, cross-platform application program
interface (API) are used for 2D and 3D computer graphics.
• SQLite provides database support and FreeType provides font support.
• Web-Kit This open source web browser engine provides all the functionality to
display web content and to simplify page loading.
• SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is security technology to establish an encrypted link
between a web server and a web browser.
5. Linux Kernel
• Linux Kernel is heart of the android architecture. It manages all the
available drivers such as display drivers, camera drivers, Bluetooth
drivers, audio drivers, memory drivers, etc. which are required during
the runtime. The Linux Kernel will provide an abstraction layer
between the device hardware and the other components of android
architecture. It is responsible for management of memory, power,
devices etc. The features of Linux kernel are:
• Security: The Linux kernel handles the security between the
application and the system.
• Memory Management: It efficiently handles the memory
management thereby providing the freedom to develop our apps.
• Process Management: It manages the process well, allocates
resources to processes whenever they need them.
• Network Stack: It effectively handles the network communication.
• Driver Model: It ensures that the application works properly on the
device and hardware manufacturers responsible for building their
drivers into the Linux build.

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