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DPP-1 8. A box contains 25 tickets numbered 1, 2....25. If two tickets are drawn at random then the
probability that the product of their numbers is even, is -
[Introduction, Basic definitions]
A. 11/50 B. 13/50
C. 37/50 D. None of there
1. A coin is tossed three times. The probability that in the second toss head does not occur, is-
9. One of the two events must occur. If the chance of one is 2/3 of the other, then odds in
A. 1 B. 1/2 favour of the other are-
C. 1/3 D. 1/4 A. 2:3 B. 1:3
2. The probability of getting difference of number as 5, when two dice are tossed together is- C. 3:1 D. 3:2
A. 1/9 B. 1/18 10. A bag contains 3 black and 2 white balls. What are the odds in favour of drawing a white
C. 1/12 D. 1/4 ball?
A. 3:2 B. 2:5
3. Three cards are drawn from a pack of 52 cards. The probability that they are of the same
colour is- C. 2:3 D. 3:5
A. 4/17 B. 22/225 Answer Key
C. 3/17 D. 2/17 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A
4. The probability that a non-leap year will have 53 Saturdays is- 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. C
A. 1/7 B. 2/7 9. D 10. C
C. 3/17 D. 5/7
5. There are 13 men and 2 women in a party. They are seated round a circular table. The
probability that the two women will sit together is-
A. 2/105 B. 1/105
C. 1/14 D. 1/7
6. If the probabilities of boy and girl to be born are same, then in a 4 children family the
probability of being at least one girl, is-
A. 14/16 B. 15/16
C. 1/8 D. 3/8
7. An urn contains 5 white and 3 black balls and 4 balls are drawn at random. The probability
of getting white and black balls equal in number is-
A. 1/7 B. 2/7
C. 3/7 D. None of there

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DPP-2 8. A bag contains 7 red and 3 black balls. Three balls are drawn at random from the bag one
[Venn diagrams Addition theorem] after the other. The probability that the first two are red and the third is black is-
A. 21/40 B. 1/5

1. If two dice are thrown, then the probability of getting the sum of digits even or less than 5 C. 7/50 D.7/40
is- 1+ 4 p 1− p 1− 2 p
9. If , , are probabilities of three mutually exclusive events, then-
A. 1/2 B. 1/6 4 4 2

C. 2/3 D. 5/9 1 1 1 2
A.  p B.  p
3 2 2 3
2. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. The probability that the card drawn is neither a
heart nor a king is- 1 1
C.  p D. None of these
A. 35/52 B. 9/13 6 2

C. 17/52 D. 4/13 10. If the probability of solving a problem by three students are 1/2, 2/3 and 1/4, then
probability that the problem will be solved-
3. If P(A) = 0.25, P(B) = 0.50 & P (A  B) = 0.14, then the probability that neither A nor B
A. 1/2 B. 3/4
occurs is-
C. 7/8 D. 1/8
A. 0.39 B. 0.25
C. 0.11 D. None of these Answer Key
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A
4. A, B and C are three mutually exclusive and exhaustive events and
3 1 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. D
P ( B ) = P ( A) , P ( C ) = P ( B ) , then the value of P(A) is-
2 3 9. D 10. D
A. 1/3 B. 1/2
C. 1/6 D. None of these
5. A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Its probability of being an ace or a
king or a queen or a jack is -
A. 1/13 B. 2/13
C. 3/13 D. 4/13
6. Two dice are thrown together. If 3 appears on at least one of the dice, then what is the
probability that the sum is greater than 9
A. 1/4 B. 3/11
C. 5/11 D. zero
7. In a certain town, 40% of the people have brown hair, 25% have brown eyes and 15% have
both brown hair and brown eyes. If a person selected at random has brown hair, the
probability that he also has brown eyes is-
A. 2/5 B. 1/4
C. 1/2 D. 3/8

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DPP-3 1 2
A. B.
3 3
[Addition theorem, Conditional probability]
1 1
C. D.
2 6
1. Let P ( A) = 0.4 & P ( B / A) = 0.5. The probability P ( A  B ) is equal to- 7. One ticket is selected at random from 50 tickets numbered 00, 01, 02, ......., 49. Then the
probability that the sum of the digits on the selected ticket is 8, given that the product of these
A. 0.8 B. 0.7 digits is zero, equals:
C. 0.6 D. None of these
1 5
A. B.
2. If A and B are two events such that P(A) = 1/3, P ( B ) = 1/ 4 & P ( A  B ) = 1/ 5, then 7 14
B 1 1
P  = C. D.
 A 50 14

A. 37/40 B. 37/45 8. If C and D are two events such that C  D & P ( D )  0, then the correct statement among
C. 23/40 D. None the following is -

3. If P ( A  B ) = 3 / 4 & P ( A ) = 2 / 3, then P ( A  B ) equals- A. P ( C | D ) = P ( C ) B. P ( C | D )  P ( C )

P ( D)
A. 1/12 B. 7/12 C. P ( C | D )  P ( C ) D. P ( C | D ) =
P (C )
C. 5/12 D. None
9. Three numbers are chosen at random without replacement from {1, 2, 3, ......, 8}. The
( 1
6
) 1
4
1
4. Let A and B be two events such that P A  B = , P ( A  B ) = & P A = , where A
4
( ) probability that their minimum is 3, given that their maximum is 6, is :
stands for complement of event A. Then events A and B are- 1 1
A. B.
5 4
A. equally likely and mutually exclusive
B. equally likely but not independent 2 3
C. D.
5 8
C. independent but not equally likely
10. An unbiased die with faces marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 is rolled four times. Out of four face
D. mutually exclusive and independent values obtained, the probability that the minimum face value is not less than 2 and the
5. A die is thrown. Let A be the event that the number obtained is greater than 3. Let B be the maximum face value is not greater than 5 is then -
event that the number obtained is less than 5. Then P(A  B) is A. 16 / 81 B. 1/81
A. 0 B. 1 C. 80/81 D. 65/81
2 3
C. D.
5 5

11. You are given a box with 20 cards in it. 10 of these cards have letter I printed on them.
The other ten have the letter T printed on the. If you pick up 3 cards at random and keep them
in same order, the probability of making the word I.I.T. is-
1 1 2
6. It is given that the events A and B are such that P ( A) = , P ( A | B ) = & P ( B | A) = .
4 2 3
Then P(B) is

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9 1
A. B.
80 8
1. A coin is tossed three times. The probability of getting all heads or tails only is-
4 5
C. D. A. 0 B. 1/2
27 38
C. 1/4 D. 1
12. Three numbers are chosen at random without replacement from {1, 2, 3....10}. The
probability that the minimum of the chosen numbering is 3 or their maximum is 7, 2. The probability of getting head and tail alternatively in three throws of a coin (or in a
throw of three coins) is-
A. 7/40 B. 5/40
A. 1/3 B. 1/4
C. 11/40 D. None of these
C. 1/5 D. 3/5
Answer Key
3. From a pack of 52 cards two cards are drawn in succession the first having been replaced
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C before the second is drawn. The probability that the first is a diamond and the second is a
5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B king, is-

9. A 10. A 11. D 12. C A. 1/52 B. 1/13

C. 1/4 D. 4/13
4. If two cards are drawn from a pack of card one by one. If first drawn card is replaced, then
the probability of getting two jacks is-
A. 1/221 B. 1/169
C. 12/221 D. 4/663
5. For solving a problem, odds against to A are 4 : 3 and odds in favour to B are 7: 5. The
probability that the problem will not be solved is-
A. 16/21 B. 5/21
C. 43/84 D. 45/84

6. If A and B are any two events such that P ( A + B ) = 5 / 6, P ( AB ) = 1/ 3, P ( B ) = 1/ 2, then

the events A and B are-
A. independent B. dependent
C. mutually D. Exhaustive
7. A man and a woman appear in an interview for two vacancies in the same post. The
probability of man’s selection is 1/4 and that of the woman’s selection is 1/3. What is the
probability that none of them will be selected-
A. 1/2 B. 1/12
C. 1/4 D. None of these
DPP-4 8. A bag contains 4 black and 3 white balls. Two- two balls are drawn two times. If balls are
[Multiplication theorem] not replaced once it is drawn then the probability that first two balls are black and second two
balls are white is-

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A. 4/49 B. 2/35
C. 1/35 D. 3/35
9. A draws two cards one by one (replacing previous one) from a pack of cards and B throws 1. A bag A contains 2 white and 3 red balls and bag B contains 4 white and 5 red balls. One
two dice together. The probability that both cards of A are of the same suit and the sum of ball is drawn at random from a randomly chosen bag and is found to be red. The probability
digits of B is 6, will be- that it was drawn from bag B was-
A. 1/4 B. 1/44 A. 5/14 B. 5/16
C. 5/144 D. 7/144 C. 5/18 D. 25/52
10. The probability that a man will remain alive for the next 25 years is 4/5 and the 2. A man is known to speak the truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and reports that it is a
probability that his wife will remain alive for the same 25 years is 3/4. The probability that at six. The probability that it is actually a six, is-
least one of them will be alive 25 years hence, is-
A. 3/8 B. 1/5
A. 19/20 B. 3/5
C. 3/4 D. None of these
C. 3/20 D. None of these
1 1 1
3. The probability of defective screws in three boxes A, B, C are , , respectively. A box
Answer Key 5 6 7
is selected at random and a screw drawn from it at random is found to be defective. Then the
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B
probability that it came from box A is
5. B 6. A 7. A 8. D
A. 16/29 B. 1/15
9. C 10. A
C. 27/59 D. 42/107
4. Odds 8 to 5 against a person who is 40 years old living till he is 70 and 4 to 3 against
another person now 50 till he will be living 80. Probability that one of them will be alive next
30 years-
A. 59/91 B. 44/91
C. 51/91 D. 32/91
5. Two aeroplanes I and II bomb a target in succession. The probabilities of I and II scoring a
hit correctly are 0.3 and 0.2, respectively. The second plane will bomb only if the first misses
the target. The probability that the target is hit by the second plane is-
A. 0.06 B. 0.14
C. 0.2 D. 0.7

6. An urn contains nine balls of which three are red, four are blue and two are green. Three
balls are drawn at random without replacement from the urn. The probability that the three
DPP-5 balls have different colours is -
[Law of total probability Baye's Theorem]

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1 2
A. B.
3 7
1 2
C. D.
21 23
12. Four persons independently solve a certain problem correctly with probabilities
7. Let E and F be two independent events. The probability that both E and F happen is 1/12 1 3 1 1
and the probability that neither E nor F happens is 1/2. Then- , , , . Then the probability that the problem is solved correctly by at least one of them is
2 4 4 8
A. P(E) = 1/3, P(F) = 1/4 B. P(E) = 1/2, P(F) = 1/6 –

C. P(E) = 1/6, P(F) = 1/2 D. None of these 235 21

A. B.
256 256
8. If from each of the three boxes containing 3 white and 1 black, 2 white and 2 black, 1
white and 3 black balls, one ball is drawn at random, then the probability that 2 white and 1 3 253
C. D.
black ball will be drawn is - 256 256
A. 13/32 B. 1/4 Answer Key
C. 1/32 D. 3/16 1. D 2. A 3. D 4. B
9. There are four machines and it is known that exactly two of them are faulty. They are 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. A
tested, one by one, in a random order till both the faulty machines are identified. Then the
probability that only two tests are needed is - 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. A

A. 1/3 B. 1/6
C. 1/2 D. 1/4
c
10. Let E denote the complement of an event E. Let E, F, G be pairwise independent events
with P(G) > 0

( )
and P ( E  F  G ) = 0. Then P E c  F c | G equals

( )
A. P E c + P F c( ) ( ) ( )
B. P E c − P F c

( )
C. P E c − P ( F ) ( )
D. P ( E ) − P F c

11. An experiment has 10 equally likely outcomes. Let A and B be two non-empty events of
the experiment. If A consists of 4 outcomes, the number of outcomes that B must have so that
A and B are independent, is-
A. 2, 4 or 8 B. 3, 6 or 9
C. 4 or 8 D. 5 or 10

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1. A bag contains 7 black and 4 white balls two balls are drawn at a time from the bag. The 6.If p and q are chosen randomly from the set {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} with replacement, Then
probability at least one white ball is selected: the probability that the roots at the equations x2 + px + q = 0.
7 5 33
A. B. A. are real is
11 11 50
28 34 19
C. D. B. are imaginary is
55 55 50
2. A coin is tossed 7 times. Then the probability that at least 4 consecutive heads appear is: 3
C. are real and equal is
A. 3/16 B. 5/32 100
C. 5/16 D. 1/8 59
D. are real and distinct is
100
3. A man throws a die until he gets a number bigger than 3. The probability that he gets 5 in
the last throw
1 1
A. B.
 
3 4
7. Two distinct number a and b are chosen randomly form the set 2,22 ,23 ,....225 . Then the
1 1
C. D. probability that log a b is an integer is
6 36
4. A natural numbers ‘x’ is chosen at random form the first 1000 natural numbers. If [.]
131 31
A. B.
denotes the greatest integer function and the probability that 300 300

 x   x   x  31x 21 62
C. D.
 2  +  3  +  5  = 30 300 300
8. A and B two alliteratively with a pair of dice. A wins if he throws a sum 6 before B throws
31 33
A. B. 7 and B wins if he throws a 7 before A throws sum 6. If A starts the game his chance of
1000 999 winnings is
33 67 30 31
C. D. A. B.
1000 1000 61 61
5. There are 10 tickets numbers 0,1 ,2, 3, ….., 9 Two tickets are drawn. If the numbers 15 60
obtained by writing the digits together is a perfect square, then the probability that sum of C. D.
61 61
digits is 9 is
1 5
A. B.
3 7 ( )
9. If two events A and B such that P Ac = 0.3, P ( B ) = 0.5 & P ( A B ) = 0.3, then
4 P ( B | A Bc ) is
C. D. None of these
9
A. 3/8 B. 2/3
C. 5/6 D. 1/4

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( ) ( )
10. A and B are event of an experiment such that 0  P ( A) , P ( B )  1. If P Bc  P Ac , 15. Assume that birth of a boy or girl to a couple to be equally likely, mutually exclusive and
independent of the other children in the family for a couple having 6 children the probability
Then
that their ‘’three oldest are boys’’ is:
( )
A. P A  Bc  P Ac  B ( ) 20 1
A. B.
64 64
( )
B. P A  B = P A  B
c
( c
)
8
C. D. none
C. P ( B | A)  P ( A | B ) 64

D. P ( B | A)  P ( A | B ) 16. If E1, E2 are two events such that P ( E1 ) =

3 1 1
, P ( E2 ) = & P ( E1  E2 ) = , then
10 4 5
11. A natural number x is chosen from the first 100 natural numbers. The probability that P ((E / E )
C
1
C C
2 )=
x 2 − 60 x + 800
0
x − 30 A.
2
B.
11
15 15
is:
13 14
3 1 C. D.
A. B. 15 15
25 50
17. In a 3  3 matrix the entries ai j are randomly selected from the digits 0,1,2,...,9 with
7
C. D. none of these replacements.
25
12. Two person each make a single throw with a pair of dice. The probability that their The probability that the 3-digits number in each row will be divisible by 11 is
throws are unequal is: 73 133
A. B.
1 70 106 106
A. 3 B. 3
6 6
783 913
C. D.
115 575 109 109
C. D.
216 648
1
18. For independent events A1,.... An P ( Ai ) = , i = 1,2,....n. Then the probability
13. Consider the system of equations ax + by = 0 and cx + dy = 0 where a, b, c, d 1,2. The i +1
probability that the system of equations has a unique solution is: that none of the events will occur is:
A. 3/8 B. 5/16
C. 9/16 D. 5/8 A. n / ( n + 1) B. n − 1( n + 1)
14. Box I contains 3 white, I blacks, Box II contains 2 white. 2 black and Box III contains I
white, 3 black balls. If from each of these boxes one ball is drawn at random, find the C. 1/ ( n + 1) D. n + 1( n + 2 )
probability that 2 white and 1 black ball will be drawn
A. 13 / 32 B. 1/4
C. 3/16 D. 1/32

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19. For two events A and B let P ( A) = 3 / 5, P ( B ) = 2 / 3, then which of the following 23. Let E and F be two events with 0  P ( E )  1, 0  P ( F )  1 & P ( E ) + P ( F )  1. which of
statements is correct? the following statements is are TREU?

A. P ( A  B ) 
1
B. P ( A B ) 
2 ( )
A. P E c  P ( F ) B. P ( E  F )  P E c  F c( )
3 3
4 3 2 9 (
C. P E | F c
)  P(F c
| E) (
D. P E | F  P F | E
c
) ( c
)
C.  P ( A  B)  D.  P ( A | B) 
15 5 5 10
20. A number x is chosen at random form the first 100 natural. The probability that it satisfies 24. Let E and F be two independent events with
A. x 2 − 25 x  150 is 0.3 2
P ( E | F ) + P ( F | E ) = 1, P ( E F) = & P ( F )  P ( E ).
B. x2 − 17 x + 30  0 is 0.88 9

C. 30x − x 2 is a perfect square of a natural numbers is 0.07 Then P ( E ) equals

D. 30 x − x  0 is 0.7
2
A.
1
B.
1
3 2
2 3
C. D.
3 4
21. When a fair die is thrown twice let (a, b) denote the outcome in which the first throw
shows a and the second shows b. Further, let A, B and C be the following events:
A = ( a, b ) | a is odd  25. A fair die is rolled 3 times. The conditional probability of 6 appearing exactly once given
that it appeared at least once equals
B = ( a, b ) | b is odd  & C = ( a, b ) | a + b is odd  2 2
1 5 1 5
3    6 6
A.    3  B.    3
Then- 6 6
A. P ( A  B ) = 1/ 4 B. P ( B  C ) = 1/ 4 5 5
1−   1−  
6 6
C. P ( A  C ) = 1/ 4 D. P ( A  B  C ) = 0 2 2
1 5 1 5
3    6 6
C.    3 D.    3
6 6
5 5
22. Let E, F and G be any three events with P ( E ) = 0.3, P ( F | E ) = 0.2, P ( G | E ) = 0.1 and 1−   1−  
6 6
P ( F  G | E ) = 0.05. Then P ( E − ( F  G ) ) equals

A. 0.155 B. 0.175
26. Let E, F and G be three events such that the events E and F are mutually exclusive,
1 7
P ( E F ) = 1, P ( E G ) = & P ( G ) = . Then P ( F G ) equals
C. 0.225 D. 0.255
4 12
1 1
A. B.
12 4
5 1
C. D.
12 3

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33. A and B are two weak students is Mathematics and their chances of solving a problem
1 1
27. A fair die is rolled times independently. Given that 6 appeared at least once, the correctly are and respectively. They are given a problem and they obtain the same
conditional probability that 6 appeared exactly twice equals ____________ 8 12
1
answer. If the probability of a common mistake is , then
1001
28. Let E, F and G b three events such that a. the probability Both obtaining answer are same that the answer was correct is _________
P ( E  F  G ) = 0.1, P ( G | F ) = 0.3 and P ( E | F  G ) = P ( E | F ) . b. the probability that the answer was correct is__________

Then P ( G | E  F ) equals_______

29. For three events A, B and C, P (Exactly one of A or B occurs) =P (Exactly one
of B or C occurs) =P(Exactly one of C or A occurs) =41and P (All the three events
occur simultaneously)=161. Then the probability that at least one of the events
occurs, is.

30. Consider four coins labelled as 1,2,3 and 4. Suppose that the probability of obtaining a
i
‘head’ in a single toss of the i th coins is , i = 1,2,3,4. A coin is chosen uniformly at random
4
and flipped. The Probability that the flip resulted in a ‘head’ is ___________

31. Let A1, A2 & A3 be three events such that

P ( Ai ) = , i = 1,2,3; P ( Ai  Aj ) = ,1  i  j  3 and P ( A1  A2  A3 ) = .
1 1 1
3 6 6
Then the probability that none of the events A1 , A2 , A3 occurs equals __________

32. There are four uruses labeled U1,U 2 ,U 3 &U 4 each containing 3 blue and 5 real balls. The
fifth urn, labelled U 5 , contains 4 and 4 red balls. An is selected at random from these five
urns a ball is drawn at random at from it. The Probability that selected ball is red is -
___________

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1. A packet contains 10 distribution firecrackers out of which 4 are defective. If three 5. Let P be a probability function that assigns the same weight to each of the points of the
firecrackers are drawn at random (without replacements) from the packet then the probability sample space  = 1,2,3,4. Consider the events E = 1,2, , F = 1,3 & G = 3,4. Then
that all three firecrackers are defective equals
which of the following statements(s) is (are) true?
1 1
A. B. A. E and F are independent
10 20
B. E and G are independent
1 1
C. D. C. F and G are independent
30 40

2. Let E and F be any two independent events with 0  P ( E )  1 & 0  P ( F )  1. Which one
D. E, F and G are independent

of the following statements is NOT true? 6. Consider four coins labelled as 1,2,3 and 4. Suppose that the probability of obtaining a
i
A. P (Neither E nor F occurs) = ( P ( E ) − 1) ( P ( F ) − 1) ‘head’ in a single toss of the i th coins is , i = 1,2,3,4. A coin is chosen uniformly at random
4
and flipped. Given that the flip resulted in a ‘head’, the conditional probability that the coin
B. P (Exactly one of E and F occurs) = P ( E ) + P ( F ) − P ( E ) P ( F ) was labelled either 1 or 2 equals

C. P (E occurs but F does not occur) = P ( E ) − P ( E  F ) A.

1
B.
2
10 10
D. P (E occurs given that F does not occur) = P ( E )
3 4
C. D.
3. Let E, F and G be any three events with P ( E ) = 0.3, P ( F | E ) = 0.2, P ( G | E ) = 0.1 and 10 10

P ( F  G | E ) = 0.05. Then P ( E − ( F  G ) ) equals 7. Let E and F be two events with 0  P ( E )  1, 0  P ( F )  1 & P ( E ) + P ( F )  1. which of
the following statements is are TREU?
A. 0.155 B. 0.175
C. 0.225 D. 0.255 ( )
A. P E c  P ( F ) (
B. P ( E  F )  P E c  F c )
2 3
4. Two biased coins C1 & C2 have probability of getting heads & , respectively, when ( ) (
C. P E | F c  P F c | E ) ( ) (
D. P E c | F  P F | E c )
3 4
tossed. If both coins are tossed independent two times each then the probability of getting 8. Player P1 tosses 4 fair coins and player P2 tosses a fair die independently of P1 . The
exactly two heads out of these four tosses is probability that the numbers of heads observed is more that the numbers on the upper face of
1 37 the die equals
A. B.
4 144 7 5
A. B.
41 49 16 32
C. D.
144 144 17 21
C. D.
96 64

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9. Let E and F be two events with 0  P ( E )  1, 0  P ( F )  1 & P ( E | F )  P ( E ). Which of 14. There are two urns U1 & U 2 . U1 contains four black balls and four white balls and U 2 is
the following statements is (are) TRUE? empty. Four balls are drawn at random from U1 and transferred to U 2 . Then a ball is drawn at

A. P ( F | E )  P ( F ) ( )
B. P E | F c  P ( E )
random from U 2 . The probability that the ball drawn from U 2 is white is

1 1
( )
C. P F | E c  P ( F ) D. E and F are independent A.
3
B.
2
10. An institute purchases laptops from either vendor V1 or vendor V2 with equal probability. 2 3
C. D.
The lifetimes (in years) of laptop from vendor V1 have a U ( 0,4 ) distribution and the lifetime 3 4
(in years) of laptop from vendor V2 have an Exp(1/ 2) distribution. If a randomly selected 15. Four persons P, Q, R and S take turns (in the sequence P, Q, R, S, P, Q, R, S, P…) in
laptop in the institute has lifetime more than two years then the probability that it was rolling a fair die.
supplied by vendor V2 is The first person to get six wins. Then the probability that S wins is
2 1 125 125
A. B. A. B.
2+e 1+ e 671 571
1 2 125 125
C. D. C. D.
1 + e−1 2 + e−1 471 371
11. Let E and F be two independent events with 16. A system consisting of n components function if and only if at least one of n components
function. Suppose that all the n components of the system function independently, each with
2
P ( E | F ) + P ( F | E ) = 1, P ( E F ) = & P ( F )  P ( E ). 3 63
9 probability . If the probability of functioning of the system is , then the value of n is
4 64
Then P ( E ) equals A. 2 B. 4
1 1 C. 3 D. 5
A. B.
3 2
( )
17. Let E and F be two events with P ( E ) = 0.7, P ( F ) = 0.4 & P E  F c = 0.4. Then
P ( F | E  F c ) is equal to
2 3
C. D.
3 4
12. 2000 cashew nuts are mixed thoroughly in flour. The entire mixture is divided into 1000 1 1
A. B.
equals parts and each part is used to make one biscuit. Assume that on cashews are broken in 2 3
the process. A biscuit is picked at random. The probability that it contains no cashew nuts is
1 1
C. D.
A. between 0 and 0.1 B. between 0.1 and 0.2 4 5
C. between 0.2 and 0.3 D. between 0.3 and 0.4 18. A four-digit number is chosen at random. The probability that there are exactly two zeros
13. There are two boxes each containing two components. Each component is defective with in that numbers is
probability 1/4 independent of all components. The probability that exactly one box contains A. 0.73 B. 0.973
exactly one defective component equals
C. 0.027 D. 0.27
A. 3/8 B. 5/8
C. 15/32 D. 17/32

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19. A person makes repeated attempts to destroy a target. Attempts are made independent of 24. A nonempty subset P is formed by selection elements at random and without
each other. The probability of destroying the target in any attempts is 0.8. Given that he fails replacements form a set B consisting of n (  1) distinct elements. Another nonempty subset Q
to destroy the target in the first five attempts. The probability that the target is destroyed in
is formed in a similar fashion from the original set B consisting of the same n elements. Then
the 8th attempt is the probability that P and Q do not have any common elements is
A. 0.128 B. 0.032 n n−i
 n  n −i  n n−i
 n  n −i 
C. 0.160 D. 0.064  i  
i =1 j =1 j 
 i  
i =0 j =0 j 
A. B.
n n
 n  n  n n
 n  n 
20. A fair die is rolled 3 times. The conditional probability of 6 appearing exactly once given
that it appeared at least once equals
   
i =1 j =1  i  j 
   
i =0 j =0  i  j 

 n  n −i   n  n −i 
2 2
1 5 1 5 n−1 n−i n−1 n−i
3    6 6  i   j 
 i   j 
A.    3  B.    3
6 6 i =1 j =1 i =0 j =0
C. D.
5 5 n n
 n  n  n n
 n  n 
1−  
6
1−  
6    
i =1 j =1  i  j 
   
i =0 j =0  i  j 

(
25. Let E and F be two events such that 0  P ( E )  1 & P ( E | F ) + P E | F c = 1. Then )
2 2
1 5 1 5
3    6 6
C.    3 D.    3
6 6
5 5 A. E and F are mutually exclusive
1−   1−  
6 6 ( ) (
B. P E c | F + P E c | F c = 1. )
21. Two coins with probability of heads u and v respectively are tossed independently. If
C. E and F are independent
P (both coins show up tails) = P (both coins show up heads). Then u + v equals
(
D. P ( E | F ) + P E c | F c = 1. )
1 1
A. B.
4 2 26. Independent trials consisting of rolling a fair die are performed. The probability that 2
appears
3
C. D. 1 before 3 or 5 is
4

22. Let E and F be two events with P ( E )  0, P ( F | E ) = 0.3 & P E ( F c ) = 0.2. Then P(E) A.
1
2
B.
1
3
equals
1 1
1 2 C. D.
A. B. 4 5
7 7
27. An archer makes 10 independents attempts at a target and his probability of hitting the
4 5 5
C. D. target at each attempt is Then the conditional probability that his last two attempts are
7 7 6
23. For detecting a disease, a test given correct diagnosis with probability 0.99. If is known successful given that he has a total of 7 successful attempts is
that 1% of a population suffers this disease. If a randomly selected individual from this 1 7
population tests positive then the probability that the selected individual actually has the A. B.
55 15
disease is
7 3
A. 0.01 B. 0.05 25 8!  5   1 
3!5!  6   6 
C. D.
36
C. 0.5 D. 0.99

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P ( Ei | E4 ) = , i = 1,2,3; P ( Ei  E cj | E4 ) = , i, j = 1,2,3; i  j & P ( E1  E2  E3c | E4 ) =

28. Let E and F be two mutually disjoint events. Further, Let E and F be independent of G. If 2 1 1
p = P ( E ) + P ( F ) & q = P (G ) , then P ( E  F  G ) is 3 6 6

A. 1 − pq B. q + p 2 Then, P ( E1  E2  E3 | E4 ) is equals to

C. p + q 2 D. p + q − pq A.
1
B.
2
2 3
29. Let E, F and G be three events such that the events E and F are mutually exclusive,
1 7 5 7
P ( E F ) = 1, P ( E G ) = & P ( G ) = . Then P ( F G ) equals C.
6
D.
12
4 12
4 1 9
A.
1
B.
1 33. Let E1, E2 & E3 be three events such that P ( E1 ) = , P ( E2 ) = & P ( E3 ) =
12 4 5 2 10

5 1 Then which of the following statements is False?

C. D.
12 3 9 1
A. P ( E1  E2  E3 )  B. P ( E2  E3 ) 
30. There are three urns, labeled Urn 1, Urn 2 and Urn 3. Urn 1 contains 2 white balls and 3 10 2
black balls Urn 2 contains 1 white ball and 3 back balls and Urn 3 contains 3 white balls and 1 4
1 black ball. Consider two coins with probability head in their single trials as 0.2 and 0.3. The C. P ( E1  E2  E3 )  D. P ( E1  E2 ) 
6 5
two coins are tossed independently once and an urn is selected according to the following
scheme: Urn 1 is selected if 2 heads are obtained; Urn 3 is selected if 2 tails are obtained 34. A year is chosen at random form the set of years {2012, 2013….,2021}. Four the chosen
otherwise Urn 2 is selected. A ball is then drawn at random from the selected urn. Then year a month is chosen at random and from the chosen month a day is chosen at random
Given that chosen day is the 29th of a month the conditional that the chosen month is
P (Urn 1 is selected | the ball drawn is white)
February equals
Is equal to
279 289
A. B.
6 12 9965 9965
A. B.
109 109
269 259
C. D.
1 1 9965 9965
C. D.
18 9
35. Suppose that four persons enter a lift on the ground floor of a building. There are seven
1 1 3 floors above the ground floor and each person independently chooses her exit floor as one of
31. Consider three coins having probability of obtaining head in a single trail as , &
4 2 4 1
these seven floors, If each of them chooses the topmost floor with probability and each of
respectively. A player selects one these coins at random (each coin is equally likely to be 3
selected). If the player tosses the selected coin five times independently then the probability the remaining floors with an equal probability, Then the probability that on two of them exit
of obtaining two tails in five tosses is equals to at the same floor equals
85 255 200 220
A. B. A. B.
384 384 729 729
125 64 240 180
C. D. C. D.
384 384 729 729

32. Let E1, E2 , E3 & E4 be four events such that 36. Let A and B be two events such that 0  P ( A)  1 & 0  P ( B )  1

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P ( Ai ) = , i = 1,2,3; P ( Ai  Aj ) = ,1  i  j  3 and P ( A1  A2  A3 ) = .
Then which one of the following statements is NOT true? 1 1 1
3 6 6
A. If P ( A | B )  P ( A) , then P ( B | A)  P ( B )
Then the probability that none of the events A1 , A2 , A3 occurs equals __________
B. If P ( A  B ) = 1, then A and B cannot be independent

( )
C. If P ( A | B )  P ( A) , then P Ac | B  P Ac ( ) 42. A fair die is rolled times independently. Given that 6 appeared at least once, the
conditional probability that 6 appeared exactly twice equals ____________
( )
D. If P ( A | B )  P ( A) , then P Ac | Bc  P Ac ( )
37. A computer lab has two printers handling certain types of printing jobs. Printer-I and
43. Let E.F and G b three events such that
Printer-II handle 40% and 60% of the jobs respectively for a typical printing job, printing
tome (in minutes) of Printer-I follows N (10,4 ) distribution and that of Printer-II follows P ( E  F  G ) = 0.1, P ( G | F ) = 0.3 and P ( E | F  G ) = P ( E | F ) .
U (1,21) distribution. If a randomly selected printing job is found to have been completed in
Then P ( G | E  F ) equals_______
less than 10 minutes then the conditional probability that it was handled by the Printer-II
equals _________(round off to two decimal places)

44. In a colony all families have at least one child. The probability that a randomly chosen
family from this colony has exactly k children is ( 0.5) ; k = 1,2,..... A child is either a male or
k
38. In an ethic group, 30% of the adult male population is known to have heart disease. A test
indicates high cholesterol level in 80% of adult males with heart disease. But the test also a female with equal probability. The probability that such a family consists of at least one
indicates high cholesterol levels in 10% of the adult males with no heart disease. Then the male child and at least one female child is__________
probability (round off to 2 decimal places), That a randomly selected adult male form this
population does not have disease given that the test indicates high cholesterol level
equals_____________ 45. Two points are chosen at random on a line segments of length 9 cm. The probability that
the distance between two points is lees that 3 cm is___________

39. In a production line of a factory, each packet contains four items. Past record shows that
20% of the produced items are defective. A quality manager inspects each item in a packet 46. A system comprising of n identical components works if at least one of the components
and apprise the packet for shipment if at most one item in the packet is found to be defective. works. Each of the components works probability 0.8, independent of all other components.
Then the probability (round off to 2 decimal places) that out of the three randomly inspected The minimum value of n fro which the system works with probability at least 0.97 is
at least two are approved for shipment equals _________

40. Two fair dice are tossed independently and it is found that one face is odd and the other 47. Two cars A and B are travelling independently in the same direction. The speed of car A
one is even. Then the probability (round off to 2 decimal places) that the sum is less than 6
is normally distribution with the mean 100 kilometers per hour standard deviation 5
equals_______
kilometers per hour and the speed of car B is normally distributed with the mean 100
kilometers per hour a standard deviation 2 kilometer per hour. Initially (at time t = 0) the car
A is 3 kilometers ahead of car B. Find the probability that after 3 hours these two vars will be
within of 3 kilometers ___________

48. Suppose that 5 distinct balls are distribution at random into 3 distinct boxes in such a way
41. Let A1, A2 & A3 be three events such that that each of the 5 balls can get into any are of the 3 boxes. Find the probability that exactly
one box is empty. Also find the probability that all boxed are occupied.

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1
(b) Let A1, A2 & A3 be pairwise independent events with P ( A1 ) = . i = 1,2,3. Suppose that
2
49. Let X1 & X 2 denote the lifetimes (in months) o bulls produced at factories F1 & F2
A3 & A1  A2 are independent. Find the value of P ( A1  A2  A3 ) .
respectively. The random variables X1 & X 2 are Exp (1/ 8) & Exp (1/ 2 ) respectively. A shop
procures 80% of its supply of bulbs form factory F1 and 20% form factory F2 . A randomly
selected bulb from the shop is put on test and is found to be working after 4 months. What is 55. (a) One coin s selected at random form two coins. The probability of obtaining head for
the probability that it was procured from factory F2 ? 1 1
one of them is and for the other it is . If the selected coin is tossed and the head shows up.
3 2
What is the probability that it is the fair coin?
50. Ram rolls a pair of dice. If the sum of the numbers shown on upper faces is 5,6,10,11 or (b) Let p denote the probability that the weather (either wet or dry) tomorrow will be the
12 then Ram wins a gold coin. Otherwise, he rolls the pair of dice once again and wins a
same as that of today. If the weather is dry today, show that Pn , the probability that it will be
silver cions if the sum of the numbers show on the upper faces in the second throw is the
same as the sum of the numbers in the first throw, what is the probability that he wins a gold dry n days later satisfies
or a silver coin? Pn = ( 2 p − 1) Pn−1 + (1 − p ) , n  1.

3
51. Ten percent of bolts produced in a factory are defective. They are randomly packed in Hence or otherwise determine the value of P50 for P = .
4
boxes such that each box contains 3 bolts. Four of these boxes are bought by a customer. The
probability that the boxed that this customer bought have no defective bolt in them is equal to
56. Let E1, E2 , E3 & E4 be four independent events such that

P ( E1 ) = , P ( E2 ) = , P ( E3 ) = & P ( E4 ) = .
1 1 1 1
1
52. Bulbs produced by a factory Fi have lifetimes (in months) distribution as Exp  i  for 2 3 4 5
3 
i = 1, 2,3. A firm randomly procures bulb from the firm is found to be working after 27 Let p be the probability that at most two events among E1, E2 , E3 & E4 occur. Then 240p is
months. The probability that it was produced by the factory F3 is equal to________

53. Let U1,U 2 ,.....U n be n urus such that urn U k contains k white and k 2 black balls k = 1,...n. 57. Five men go to a restaurant together an each of them orders a dish that is different from
the dishes ordered by the other members of the group. However, the waiter serves the dishes
Consider the random experiments of selecting an urn and drawing a ball out of it at random.
randomly. Then the probability that exactly one of them gets the dish he ordered
If the probability of selection urn U k is proportional to ( k + 1) , then equals________(round off to 2 decimal places)
(a) find the probability that the ball drawn is black.

(b) find the probability that urn U n was selected given that the ball drawn is white 58. There are four uruses labeled U1,U 2 ,U 3 &U 4 each containing 3 blue and 5 real balls. The
fifth urn, labelled U 5 , contains 4 and 4 red balls. An is selected at random from these five
urns a ball is drawn at random at from it. Given that selected ball is red, find the probability
that it came from the urn U 5 ,
54. (a) Student population of a university has 30% Asian students 50% of all American
student, 60% of all European student and 20% of all African student are girls. Find the
probability that a girl chosen at random from the university is an Asian. Answer Key
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B

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5. A, C 6. C 7. A, C, D 8. C 1. A doctor is called to see a sick child. The doctor knows (prior to the visit) that 90% of the sick
children in that neighbourhood are sick with the flu, denoted by F, while 10% are sick with the
9. A, C 10. A 11. C 12. B measles, denoted by M. A well-known symptom of measles is a rash, denoted by R. The
probability of having a rash for a child sick with the measles is 0.95. However, occasionally
13. C 14. B 15. A 16. C
children with the flu also develop a rash, with a conditional probability of 0.08. Upon examination
17. B 18. C 19. B 20. C the child, the doctor finds a rash. Then what is the probability that the child has the measles?

21. D 22. B 23. C 24. C

25. B 26. B 27. B 28. D 2. If any four numbers are selected, and they are multiplied, then the probability that the last digit
will be 1, 3, 5 or 7 is ___________
29. D 30. A 31. A 32. C
33. C 34. A 35. A 36. D
3. If a is an integer lying in [−5, 30], then the probability that the graph y = x2 + 2 (a + 4) x − 5a + 64
37. 0.55 to 0.60 38. 0.20 to 0.25 is strictly above the x-axis is __________.

39. 0.88 to 0.95 40. 0.30 to 0.35

4. A bag contains 2 white and 4 black balls. A ball is drawn 5 times with replacement. The
1 15
41. 42. 43. 0.3 44. 0.33 probability that at least 4 of the balls drawn are white is ________.
3 91
50
45. 0.56 46. 3 47. 0.2454 48.
81
5. For a biased die, the probabilities for different faces to turn up are
1
49. 3
50. 0.537 51. 0.28
4e 2 + 1

4 
−1
n +1 1 Face 1 2 3 4 5 6
52.  e−8 + e−2 + 1 53. (a). (b).
3  n+3 n
1
54. (a). 6 (b). Probability 0.2 0.22 0.11 0.25 0.05 0.17
23 8

3  1+ 2 50
55. (a). (b).  51  56. 218
5  2  The die is tossed, and you are told that either face 4 or face 5 has turned up. The probability that
it faces 4 is ______.
1
57. 0.35 to .040 58.
6
6: A die is thrown two times and the sum of the scores appearing on the die is observed to be a
multiple of 4. Then the conditional probability that the score 4 has appeared atleast once is:

a) 1/3

b) 1/4

c) 1/8

d) 1/9

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7: There are three bags B1, B2, and B3. The bag B1 contains 5 red and 5 green balls, B2 contains 3 10: If two different numbers are taken from the set {0, 1, 2, 3, ……, 10}; then the probability that
red and 5 green balls, and B3 contains 5 red and 3 green balls, Bags B1, B2 and B3 have their sum, as well as absolute difference, are both multiples of 4, is :
probabilities 3/10, 3/10, and 4/10 respectively of being chosen. A bag is selected at random
and a ball is chosen at random from the bag. Then which of the following options is/are (a) 12/55
correct?
(b) 14/45
(a) Probability that the selected bag is B3 and the chosen ball is green equals 3/10
(c) 7/55
(b) Probability that the chosen ball is green equals 39/80
(d) 6/55
(c) Probability that the chosen ball is green, given that the selected bag is B3, equals 3/8

(d) Probability that the selected bag is B3, given that the chosen balls is green, equals 5/13
11: A bag contains 4 red and 6 black balls. A ball is drawn at random from the bag, its colour is
observed and this ball along with two additional balls of the same colour are returned to the
bag. If now a ball is drawn at random from the bag, then the probability that this drawn ball is
8: Suppose that red, is :
Box-I contains 8 red, 3 blue and 5 green balls, (a) 1/5

Box-II contains 24 red, 9 blue and 15 green balls, (b) 3/4

(c) 3/10
Box-III contains 1 blue, 12 green and 3 yellow balls,
(d) 2/5
Box-IV contains 10 green, 16 orange and 6 white balls.

A ball is chosen randomly from Box-I; call this ball b. If b is red then a ball 12.Let U1 and U2 be two urns such that U1 contains 3 white and 2 red balls, and U2 contains only 1
is chosen randomly from Box-II, if b is blue then a ball is chosen randomly white ball. A fair coin is tossed. If head appears then 1 ball is drawn at random from U1 and put
into U2. However, if tail appears then 2 balls are drawn at random from U1 and put into U2. Now 1
from Box-III, and if b is green then a ball is chosen randomly from Box-IV. ball is drawn at random from U2. Given that the drawn ball from U2 is white, the probability that
The conditional probability of the event 'one of the chosen balls is white' head appeared on the coin is
given that the event 'at least one of the chosen balls is green' has (a) 17/23
happened, is equal to
(b) 11/23
A. 15/256
B. 3/16 (c) 15/23
C. 5/52 (d) 12/23
D. 1/8
13.Let U1 and U2 be two urns such that U1 contains 3 white and 2 red balls, and U2 contains only 1
9: For three events A, B, and C, P (Exactly one of A or B occurs) = P (Exactly one of B or C white ball. A fair coin is tossed. If head appears then 1 ball is drawn at random from U1 and put
occurs) = P (Exactly one of C or A occurs) = 1 / 4 and P (All the three events occur into U2. However, if tail appears then 2 balls are drawn at random from U1 and put into U2. Now 1
simultaneously) = 1 / 16. Then the probability that at least one of the events occurs is : ball is drawn at random from U2: The probability of the drawn ball from U2 being white is

(a) 7/16 (a) 13/30

(b) 7/64 (b) 23/30

(c) 3/16 (c) 19/30

(d) 7/32 (d) 11/30

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14: Four persons independently solve a certain problem correctly with probabilities 1/2, 3/4, 17. A box B1 contains 1 white ball, 3 red balls and 2 black balls. Another
1/4, 1/8. Then the probability that the problem is solved correctly by at least one of them is
box B2 contains 2 white balls, 3 red balls and 4 black balls. A third
(a) 235/256 box B3 contains 3 white balls, 4 red balls and 5 black balls. If 2 balls are
drawn (without replacement) from a randomly selected box and one of the
(b) 21/256
balls is white and the other ball is red, the probability that these 2 balls are
(c) 3/256 drawn from box B2 is
A. 116/181
(d) 253/256
B. 126/181
C. 65/181
D. 55/181
15: A seven-digit number is formed using the digit 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5. The probability, that
number so formed is divisible by 2, is:

(a) 6/7
18. A box B1 contains 1 white ball, 3 red balls and 2 black balls. Another
(b) 4/7 box B2 contains 2 white balls, 3 red balls and 4 black balls. A third
(c) 3/7 box B3 contains 3 white balls, 4 red balls and 5 black balls. If 1 ball is
drawn from each of the boxes B1, B2 and B3, the probability that all 3 drawn
(d) 1/7 balls are of the same colour is
A. 82/648
B. 90/648
16. Let
C1 and C2 be two biased coins such that the probabilities of getting C. 558/648
head in a single toss are 2/3 and 1/3, respectively. Suppose α is the D. 566/648
number of heads that appear when C1 is tossed twice, independently, and
suppose β is the number of heads that appear when C2 is tossed twice,
independently. Then the probability that the roots of the quadratic 19. Four fair dice D1, D2, D3 and D4 ; each having six faces
polynomial x2 − αx + β are real and equal, is numbered 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 are rolled simultaneously. The probability
that D4 shows a number appearing on one of D1, D2 and D3 is
A. 40/81
B. 20/81 A. 91/216
C. 1/2 B. 108/216
D. ¼ C. 125/216
D. 127/216

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Answer Key 1. A point is selected randomly from the interior of a circle. The probability that the point is
closer to the center than the boundary of circle is?
1. 95 / 167 2. 16 / 625 3. 2 / 9 4. 11 / 243
5. 5 / 6 6. D 7. B,C 8. C 2. Two points are chosen randomly on the circumference of a circle. What is the probability
that the distance between the 2 points is at least 'r', the radius of the circle?
9. A 10. D 11. D 12. D
13. B 14. A 15. C 16. B
3. Two points are uniformly and independently distributed (located) inside a square. A circle
17. A 18. A 19. A is drawn such that the segment joining the two points is a diameter. Find the probability that
the center of the square lies inside that circle

4. Your bus is coming at a random time between 12 pm and 1 pm. If you show up at 12:30
pm, how likely are you to catch the bus?

5. X is a random real number between 0 and 3. What is the probability X is closer to 0 than it
is to 1?

6. A dart is thrown at a circular dartboard such that it will land randomly over the area of the
dartboard. What is the probability that it lands closer to the center than to the edge?

7. Both the bus and you get to the bus stop at random times between 12 pm and 1 pm. When
the bus arrives, it waits for 5 minutes before leaving. When you arrive, you wait for 20
minutes before leaving if the bus doesn't come. What is the probability that you catch the
bus?

8. Both the bus and you get to the bus stop at random times between 12 pm and 1 pm. When
the bus arrives, it waits for 5 minutes before leaving. When you arrive, you wait for 20
minutes before leaving if the bus doesn't come. What is the probability that you had to wait
less than 10 minutes, given that you were able to catch the bus?

9. Dev and Anjali both arrive at Pizza Palace at two random times between 10:00 p.m. and
midnight. They agree to wait exactly 15 minutes for each other to arrive before leaving. What
is the probability that Dev and Anjali see each other?

If the probability is a/b for coprime positive integers, give the answer as a + b.

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