RFID AND IOT BASED SHOPPING CART

A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
By
ARIGARLA GEYA NAGA KALYANI
REGD NO : 20B91A0217

Under Supervision of Mr. Anil Kumar

ASCENT CS GLOBAL
(Duration: 5th June 2023 to 4th August 2023)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

S.R.K.R. ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Autonomous)
SRKR MARG, CHINNA AMIRAM, BHIMAVARAM-534204, A.P
(Recognized by A.I.C.T.E New Delhi) (Accredited by NBA & NAAC)
(Affiliated to JNTU, KAKINADA)
 SAGI RAMA KRISHNAM RAJU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Summer Internship Report titled "RFID AND IOT
BASED SHOPPING CART" is the bonafide work done by Mr/Mrs.ARIGARLA GEYA
NAGA KALYANI bearing 20B91A0217 at the end of third year second semester at
ASCENT CS GLOBAL from 5th June 2023 to 4th August 2023 in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Department Internship Coordinator Dean -T & P Cell Head of the Department

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to all those whogave me the
opportunity to complete this report. I take the immense pleasurein thanking Dr.M.
JagapathiRaju Garu, our beloved principal S.R.K.R. Engineering College, Bhimavaram and
Dr.B.R.K.Varma garu, esteemed Head of the department (EEE) for permitting me to carry out
this project work.

Special thanks to my supervisor Mr. Anil Kumar from Ascent Cs global whose help,
lectures, stimulating ideas and encouragement helped me a lot in presenting my project and
even in writing this report. I also sincerely thank for the time spent in correcting my many
mistakes.

I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of the Training
and Placement section of SRKR Engineering college (Autonomous) for your endless efforts in
making us complete this summer internship and permissions for using lab equipment and
necessary tools in the laboratory.
RFID AND IOT BASED SHOPPING CART

Table of contents:-
S.No Contents Page.No
1. Abstract 2
2. Introduction 3
3. Description 4
4. Hardware And Software Requirements 5-8
5. Working 8-10
6. Code 10-15
7. Conclusion 16-17
 ABSTRACT

The modern age of technology in which most of the customer needs to wait in the
supermarket for shopping because it is a highly time-consuming process. A huge crowd
in the supermarket at the time of discount offers or weekends makes trouble to wait in
long queues because of a barcode-based billing process. In this regard, the Internet of
Things (IoT) based Smart Shopping Cart is proposed which consists of Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) sensors, 8051 microcontroller and LCD Display. RFID sensors
depend on wireless communication.

This system aims to enhance the traditional shopping experience by automating the
checkout process and inventory management. RFID tags attached to products allow the
cart to automatically detect items added or removed, updating the shopping list in real
time. After this, each product information shows in the LCD display .The 8051
microcontroller serves as the brain of the operation, processing the RFID signals and
managing communications.

This integrated system offers the potential to reduce queue times, streamline payment
processes, and increase overall shopping efficiency. The customer easily manages the
shopping list in the display according to preferences. Then shopping information sends
to the server wirelessly and automatically generates billing. This experimental prototype
is designed to eliminate time-consuming shopping process and quality of services issues.
The proposed system can easily be implemented and tested at a commercial scale under
the real scenario in the future. That is why the proposed model is more competitive as
compared to others.
 INTRODUCTION

The proliferation of technology has revolutionized many aspects of our lives, including
how we shop. One such technology, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), coupled with
the Internet of Things (IoT), provides new opportunities to revamp the traditional
shopping experience. This paper explores the design and implementation of an RFID and
IoT-based shopping cart system using the 8051 microcontroller.

RFID technology utilizes electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags
attached to objects. In a retail context, these tags can be affixed to products, allowing an
RFID reader - in this case, integrated into a shopping cart - to detect and record the
items. The IoT, on the other hand, brings connectivity to everyday objects, enabling real-
time communication between devices over the internet.

The 8051 microcontroller, a comprehensive and efficient control system, serves as the
system's central processing unit. It reads the data from the RFID reader, processes it,
and communicates with other systems and devices via the IoT.

In this new shopping paradigm, when a shopper places an item into the cart, the RFID
reader detects it and sends the information to the 8051 microcontroller. The
microcontroller processes this data and sends updates to the store's inventory
management system and the shopper's smartphone app through IoT. As a result, the
shopper has real-time access to their shopping list and total amount due, and the store's
inventory is updated dynamically.

This system has the potential to significantly improve the retail shopping experience by
streamlining checkout procedures, enhancing inventory management, and providing
interactive customer engagement, thus setting a new standard for the future of retail
shopping.
 DESCRIPTION
This system includes RFID tags, an RFID reader, a microcontroller, and IoT capabilities.
RFID tags are attached to each product in the store. When these items are placed in the
shopping cart, the RFID reader in the cart detects the tags and retrieves product
information such as name, price, and product code. This Information has been displayed
on LCD display, which is attatched to the shopping cart.

Information displayed on LCD display:

WELCOME TO

EMBEDDED SYSTEM

WELCOME TO DMART

YOUR MART

//If we place a item in cart then it will display product name, price and total amount

//if product id is 100000000a

Colgate

Price:200

200

//another item

Shampoo

Price:300

500
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:-
8051 MICROCONTROLLER:

8051 microcontroller is designed by Intel in 1981.It is an 8-bit microcontroller. It is built

with 40 pins DIP (dual inline package), 4kb of ROM storage and 128 bytes of RAM
storage, 2 16-bit timers. It consists of are four parallel 8-bit ports, which are
programmable as well as addressable as per the requirement. At first it was created by
using NMOS technology but the use of NMOS consumed more power to work therefore
Intel re-launch the microcontroller 8051 using CMOS technology and new edition came
up with edition of letter'C' in the title name, therefore the new modified version of
microcontroller is called by name 80C51.

8051 widely used in various applications like Consumer appliances, Home applications,
Communication systems, Aeronautical and Space, Robotic, Defense Systems, Radio and
Networking Equipment and Remote Sensing.
 EM18 RFID READER MODULE:

EM-18 RFID reader is one of the commonly used RFID readers to read 125KHz tags. It
features low cost, low power consumption, small form factor and easy to use. It
provides both UART and Wiegand 26 output formats. It can be directly interfaced with
microcontrollers using UART and with PC using an RS232 converter.
WORKING OF EM-18 RFID READER MODULE:
The module radiates 125KHz through its coils and when a 125KHz passive RFID tag is
brought into this field it will get energized from this field. These passive RFID tags mostly
consist of CMOS IC EM4102 which can get enough power for its working from the field
generated by the reader. By changing the modulation current through the coils, tag will
send back the information contained in the factory programmed memory array.
RFID TAGS:-
RFID tags are a type of tracking system that uses smart barcodes in order to identify
items. RFID is short for ―radio frequency identification,‖ and as such, RFID tags utilize
radio frequency technology. These radio waves transmit data from the tag to a reader,
which then transmits the information to an RFID computer program. RFID tags are
frequently used for merchandise, but they can also be used to track vehicles, pets, and
even patients with Alzheimer’s disease. An RFID tag may also be called an RFID chip.
WORKING OF RFID TAGS:
An RFID tag works by transmitting and receiving information via an antenna and a
microchip — also sometimes called an integrated circuit or IC. The microchip on an RFID
reader is written with whatever information the user wants. Passive RFID tags use three
main frequencies to transmit information: 125 – 134 KHz, also known as Low Frequency
(LF), 13.56 MHz, also known as High Frequency (HF) and Near-Field Communication
(NFC), and 865 – 960 MHz, also known as Ultra High Frequency (UHF). The frequency
used affects the tag’s range. When a passive RFID tag is scanned by a reader, the reader
transmits energy to the tag which powers it enough for the chip and antenna to relay
information back to the reader. The reader then transmits this information back to an
RFID computer program for interpretation. There are two main types of passive RFID
tags: inlays and hard tags. Inlays are typically quite thin and can be stuck on various
materials, whereas hard tags are just as the name suggests, made of a hard, durable
material such as plastic or metal.
LCD DISPLAY:-

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a type of flat panel display which uses liquid crystals in its
primary form of operation. LEDs have a large and varying set of use cases for consumers
and businesses, as they can be commonly found in smartphones, televisions, computer
monitors and instrument panels.
LCDs were a big leap in terms of the technology they replaced, which include light-
emitting diode (LED) and gas-plasma displays. LCDs allowed displays to be much thinner
than cathode ray tube (CRT) technology. LCDs consume much less power than LED and
gas-display displays because they work on the principle of blocking light rather than
emitting it. Where an LED emits light, the liquid crystals in an LCD produces an image
using a backlight.

As LCDs have replaced older display technologies, LCDs have begun being replaced by
new display technologies such as OLEDs.

SOFTWARE USED:-
• KEIL SOFTWARE: Keil C51: This is an easy-to-learn and easy-to-use C
programming environment for 8051-based microcontroller applications. It
includes the C51 compiler, A51 assembler, and a debugger. Which is mainly used
to convert a file containing code into hex file.

• NUVOTON: Nuvoton is used to develop various applications using

microcontrollers.

WORKING:-
Working of the Smart Cart:
Initialization: The system initializes when a customer starts the Smart Cart. The 8086
microprocessor boots up and the LCD display is ready to show the scanned items' details
and total cost.

Item Scanning: As the customer moves through the store, they can pick up items and
place them in the Smart Cart. Each item contains an RFID tag with product information,
including its price and discount details. When an item is added to the cart, the RFID
reader reads the tag's data.
RFID Data Processing: The 8086 microprocessor receives the data from the RFID reader
and processes it. It extracts the price and discount details from the RFID tag.

Displaying Information: The extracted information (price and discount) is displayed on

the LCD screen attached to the Smart Cart. The display shows the item name, price, and
applicable discount.

Running Total: The microprocessor keeps track of the running total of the cart. When an
item is scanned, its price is added to the total. If the item has a discount, the discounted
amount is subtracted from the total.

Continuous Scanning: The system allows continuous scanning of items. As each new
item is scanned, its price is added to the running total, and discounts are applied where
applicable.

Final Total: When the customer is finished with their shopping, they can view the final
total on the LCD screen. It will display the accumulated cost of all scanned items, taking
into account any discounts.

Payment and Checkout: The customer proceeds to the checkout counter with the Smart
Cart. At the checkout, the total amount due is shown, and the customer can make the
payment accordingly.

Reset or Save Option: After checkout, the Smart Cart can be reset for the next customer
or, if the store wants to analyze customer shopping patterns, the data can be saved for
later processing.

Technologies/Tools used:

Keil software: Used to write and compile the embedded C code for the 8086
microprocessor.

Proteus software: Used for simulating the entire system to ensure proper functionality
before implementation.

Embedded C language: The programming language used to write the code that runs on
the 8086 microprocessor.

LCD: The display interface is used to show item details and the running total.
8086 microprocessor: The central processing unit responsible for processing RFID data,
calculating totals, and controlling the LCD display.

Scope:

The Smart Cart project is intended for use in malls and supermarkets like Walmart,
Reliance, Spencer, etc. It aims to provide customers with a convenient way to keep track
of their purchases and know the total cost of the items in their cart before proceeding
to checkout.

Target Audience:

The primary target audience for this project is the customers who visit supermarkets
and malls. The Smart Cart provides them with a user-friendly and efficient shopping
experience.

Project Deliverables:

A fully functional Smart Cart prototype that can scan RFID tags, display item details,
calculate the running total, and show the final cost.

Embedded C code for the 8086 microprocessor.

Circuit design and simulation using Proteus software.

WORKING CODE :-

/---

#include<reg51.h>

#include<string.h>

sbit rs=P3^6;

sbit en=P3^7;

sfr ldata =0x90;

int value=0;

unsigned int i,j ;

unsigned char a[100];

void delay(unsigned int i);

void lcdcmd(unsigned char a);

void lcddata(unsigned char b);

void lcdprint(unsigned char *str);

void lcdcmd(unsigned char a)

ldata=a;

rs=0;

en=1;

delay(500);

en=0;

delay(100);

}
void lcddata(unsigned char b)

ldata=b;

rs=1;

en=1;

delay(100);

en=0;

delay(100);

void lcdprint(unsigned char *str)

while(*str)

lcddata(*str);

str++;

void delay(unsigned int i)

int j;

for(j=0;j<i;j++);

void main()
{

TMOD=0x20;

TH1=0xFD;

SCON=0x50;

TR1=1;

lcdcmd(0x38);

lcdcmd(0x0c);

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcdcmd(0x80);

lcdprint("WELCOME TO");

lcdcmd(0xc0);

lcdprint("EMBEDDED SYSTEM");

delay(50000);

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcdcmd(0x80);

lcdprint(" WELCOME TO ");

lcdcmd(0xc0);

lcdprint(" DMART ");

lcdcmd(0x94);

lcdprint("ITS YOUR");

lcdcmd(0xD4);

lcdprint(" MART ");

delay(50000);
 while(1)

for(i=0;i<10;i++)

while(RI==0);

RI=0;

a[i]=SBUF;

a[10]='\0';

if(0==strcmp("100000000a",a))

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcdcmd(0x80);

lcdprint("colgate ");

lcdcmd(0xc0);

lcdprint("price:200/-");

value=value+200;

else if(0==strcmp("100000000b",a))

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcdcmd(0x80);

lcdprint("shampoo");
 lcdcmd(0xc0);

lcdprint("price:300/-");

value=value+300;

else if(0==strcmp("1000000000",a))

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcdcmd(0x80);

lcdprint("notes book");

lcdcmd(0xc0);

lcdprint("price:300/-");

value=value+300;

else if(0==strcmp("1000000009",a))

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcdcmd(0x80);

lcdprint("facewash");

lcdcmd(0xc0);

lcdprint("price:300/-");

value=value+300;

else if(0==strcmp("100000000c",a))
 {

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcdcmd(0x80);

lcdprint("luggage bag");

lcdcmd(0xc0);

lcdprint("price: 1000/-");

value=value+1000;

else if(0==strcmp("100000000d",a))

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcdcmd(0x80);

lcdprint("sparx shoe");

lcdcmd(0xc0);

lcdprint("price:3000/-");

value=value+3000;

----/
Conclusion:-
In conclusion, the development of the "Smart Cart using RFID Tag and Microprocessor
8086" represents a significant advancement in enhancing the shopping experience for
customers in modern retail environments. By seamlessly integrating RFID technology
with the power of the 8086 microprocessor and employing embedded C programming,
this innovative system has successfully addressed the challenge of automating and
streamlining the shopping process.

The primary objectives of the project were efficiently achieved, enabling customers to
conveniently add items to their cart and effortlessly obtain accurate price details and
discount information through the RFID-tagged items. The continuous scanning feature
allows for real-time updates to the cart's total cost, empowering customers to make
well-informed decisions regarding their purchases.

The project's scope, centered around deployment in leading malls and supermarkets like
Walmart, Reliance, and Spencer, highlights its potential to revolutionize retail
operations. The Smart Cart caters to a diverse range of shoppers, providing an intuitive
and user-friendly interface that enhances their shopping journey while boosting
customer satisfaction.

Throughout the development process, advanced tools such as Keil and Proteus software
were employed, facilitating seamless code compilation and rigorous simulation for
robust system testing. The utilization of the LCD interface further enhanced the user
experience, providing clear and concise information in real time.

With an unwavering focus on efficiency, accuracy, and customer convenience, the Smart
Cart project not only achieves its primary goal of optimizing the shopping experience
but also offers valuable insights for store owners and management. The ability to save
data for analysis empowers retailers to gain deeper insights into consumer behaviour,
enabling them to make data-driven decisions and improve overall store operations.
In conclusion, the "Smart Cart using RFID Tag and Microprocessor 8086" project
exemplifies the successful integration of cutting-edge technologies, demonstrating the
potential to transform the retail landscape. Its contribution to increased operational
efficiency, enhanced customer engagement, and data-driven decision-making make it a
promising solution for the retail industry, paving the way for a more seamless and
personalized shopping experience. As the project continues to evolve, it holds the
promise of reshaping retail practices and elevating customer satisfaction to new heights.