PROJECT TITLE : MAKING A WOODEN CANDLE STAND

CANDIDATE’S NAME : PATRICK MUTWIRI

INDEX NUMBER : 3271040758

COURSE :CERTIFICATE IN CATERING

AND ACCOMMODATION
INSTITUTION : KARUMO
TECHNICAL
TRAINING INSTITUTE

PRESENTED TO : KENYA NATIONAL

EXAMINATION COUNCIL FOR
THE AWARD OF CRAFT
CERTIFICATE IN
CATERING AND ACCOMMODATION

SERIES : NOVEMBER 2024

DECLARATION
I declare that this is my own original work and that it has not been presented before to any examining body
for the purpose of examination and award. This work is presented to the Kenya National Examination
Council as partial requirement for the award of Certificate in Catering and Accommodation.

STUDENT NAME: PATRICK MUTWIRI

INDEX NUMBER: 3271040758

SIGNATURE: ……………………………………………

DATE: ……………………………………………………..

This project has been presented to the KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL with my
approval as the project supervisor.

SUPERVISOR’S NAME: NOBERT NZANGI

SIGNATURE: ……………………………………………….

DATE: ……………………………………………………….

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am grateful to the almighty God for His grace of health during the preparation of my work. I also grateful
to my parents and friends for the constant advice they provided throughout the preparation of this project. I
can’t also forget to thank my colleagues for their companionship during my studies lastly, I appreciate my
supervisor for the efforts he made through corrections and guidance while I was writing this project in order
to make it successful.

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DEDICATION
I dedicate this project to my lovely parents James Munjuri and Jacinta Muroru for their support they have
given me and the encouragement when preparing this candle stand as my project also I can’t forget my
supervisor Mr.Nobert Nzangi for his commitment towards me throughout my studies.

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CONTENTS
DECLARATION............................................................................................................................................... II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................... III
DEDICATION .................................................................................................................................................IV
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................... VII
CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................................ 1
1.2 PROBLEM OF STATEMENT .................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ................................................................................................................. 1
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 2
CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................................... 3
2.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................................. 3
2.2 IMPORTANCE OF CANDLE HOLDER.................................................................................................... 3
2.2 REASONS FOR INVENTION OF CANDLE HOLDER ........................................................................... 4
2.2 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND CANDLE HOLDER PREPARATION ...................................... 4
2.3 UTILTY OF CANDLE HOLDER ............................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................................................... 5
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY................................................................................................................. 5
3.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION ....................................................................................................... 5
3.2.1 OBSERVATION........................................................................................................................................ 5
3.2.2 QUESTIONAIRE ..................................................................................................................................... 5
3.2.3 INTERVIEW............................................................................................................................................. 5
3.4 MATERIALS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF WOODEN CANDLE STAND .................................. 5
3.5 PROCEDURE .............................................................................................................................................. 6
3.5.1 COLLECTING AND ASSEMBLING OF MATERIL AND TOOLS ...................................................... 6
3.5.2 WORKING ON MATERIAL ................................................................................................................... 7
3.5.3 FINAL PRODUCT ................................................................................................................................... 8
3.6 COSTING .................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.6.1 COST OF BUYING MATERIALS .......................................................................................................... 9
3.6.2 OVER HEADING COST ......................................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................................................ 10
4.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................... 10
4.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 10
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4.2 DATA ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................................... 10
4.3 SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS ............................................................................................................. 10
4.4 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................................... 10
4.5 RECOMMENDATION.............................................................................................................................. 10
4.6 DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED ........................................................................................................... 10
4.6.1 WEATHER ............................................................................................................................................. 11
4.6.2 TIME CONSUMING .............................................................................................................................. 11
4.6.3 LIMITED FUNDS .................................................................................................................................. 11
4.7 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES ........................................................................................... 11
APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................................. 12
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 15

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ABSTRACT
The study was designed to produce while showcasing procedures and materials used to make wooden candle
stand. Candlestick or wooden candle holder is a small device using a cup or spike to hold a candle in place.
Sconce. Candles come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and designs. Some have a small or thin base like taper
candles while others have a broad bottom such as pillar candles. Glass candle holders provide support to the
candles to help them stand upright and give an exclusive visual appeal. A candle stand is usually for purpose
of eliminating candle wax from spoiling other products like surface of tables. Another important benefit
of candle holders is that they prevent hot wax from spilling all over the place and creating an unpleasant
mess. Hot wax can cause skin burns and also spoil your tables and other furnishings. Candle holders also
help Enhance the Event and Home Décor. There is no doubt that lighting candles at your event or party is
vital to creating a luminous and scintillating atmosphere. Using candle holders is equally important to
enhance your party or home décor. Thus, the researcher seeks to illustrate how this wooden candle holder is
crafted using wood as the main material. The study also gives out the findings on how people took the
perspective of using wooden candle holder. Also, the researcher has recommended further study to be
conducted on wooden candle stand.

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CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Candlestick or wooden candle holder is a small device using a cup or spike to hold a candle in place.
Sconce. Hanging candleholders made of wood or iron of simple shape were used in Anglo-Saxon churches
before the Norman Conquest. In the 12th and 13th centuries huge coronas, openwork hoops of iron or
bronze, supported numerous prickers for candles.

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Wooden candle holder has ancient roots that go back millennia in Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. Its first
known appearance was during the Neolithic period (around 5,000 BC) in Mesopotamia. That makes candle
holder well over 7,000 years old! It’s believed that first candle holder was created by first human species.
Turkish texts from the 11th century (1100 BC to 1001 BC) mention candle holder being used by nomadic
Turks. Evidence from ancient carpentry shows that Neolithic people were using mostly wooden products.
Wooden Candle holder was also a well-known product in Ancient Greece.

A century later, Candle holder and other wooden products were important to Genghis Khan’s Mongolian
army in the late 12th and early 13th centuries. Khan believed the extraordinary bravery of his warriors was
thanks to regularly use of other wooden products Candle holders being included.

1.2 PROBLEM OF STATEMENT

Wooden products like Candle holder production methods in Kenya are riddled with multiple
regulatory policies and bodies that any production company or firm have to adhere to. Adopting
efficient and effective Candle holder making methods is one of the ways of improving the quality of
wooden candle holder and any other wooden products that are used daily. Candle holder making
companies currently are confronted with many challenges that constrain their effective delivery
capacities and operational efficiency this is because for something to be released and be allowed to be
delivered to the consumers in the market it has to undergo many formalities and test thus making the
process to be a bit challenging especially to the under developing entrepreneurs in the market.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

a. To find out the benefits of making candle stand using wood
b. To determine how to make wooden candle stand
c. To analyze the procedures of making wooden candle stand
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
a. What is the benefit of knowing how to prepare candle stands using wood
b. What is the procedure of making wooden candle stand
c. What are the best materials of making the best candle stand

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CHAPTER TWO

2.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter reviews various history about yoghurt that has been laid down with other researchers globally
as well as relating the citations from different years.

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

Candlestick or wooden candle holder is a small device using a cup or spike to hold a candle in place.
Sconce. Hanging candleholders made of wood or iron of simple shape were used in Anglo-Saxon churches
before the Norman Conquest. In the 12th and 13th centuries huge coronas, openwork hoops of iron or
bronze, supported numerous prickers for candles. (Priyanka et al., 2023). According to Priyanka et al.,
(2023), Candle holder is known to be a functional product because it is used in many occasions especially at
Roman Catholic.

2.2 IMPORTANCE OF CANDLE HOLDER

1). Candle Holders Give Support to Your Candles

Candles come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and designs. Some have a small or thin base like taper candles
while others have a broad bottom such as pillar candles. Glass candle holders provide support to the candles
to help them stand upright and give an exclusive visual appeal.

2). Safe and Secure Base for Your Candles

The need for candle holders was discovered a long time ago when people realized that candles can tip over
and cause fires. The primary function of candle holders is to provide a secure and safe base for candles to
avoid any mishaps. Placing a lighted candle without a sturdy base is like waiting for a disaster to happen.

3). Candle Holders Prevent Hot Wax Spills

Another important benefit of candle holders is that they prevent hot wax from spilling all over the place and
creating an unpleasant mess. Hot wax can cause skin burns and also spoil your tables and other furnishings.

4). Help Enhance the Event and Home Décor

There is no doubt that lighting candles at your event or party is vital to creating a luminous and scintillating
atmosphere. Using candle holders is equally important to enhance your party or home décor.

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2.2 REASONS FOR INVENTION OF CANDLE HOLDER
Candle holders were invented to hold candles as the candle-making industry grew. Candle holders have
undergone many changes in materials, form, and function over time. Here are some examples of the reasons
for the invention of candle holders:

Lighting the way

In the 18th century, chambersticks were used to light the way from the main living areas to the
bedroom. During the day, they were stored in a prominent location in the house, such as the kitchen or on a
wall.

Courting

The courting candle was used by fathers to remind suitors to end their date. The father could snuff out the
candle or add another one depending on the situation.

Decorative

Candle holders can be used as decorative pieces. For example, you can create a tealight holder by scooping
out the center of an apple, lemon, or orange. You can also place a tealight in a wineglass with a homemade
shade.

2.2 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND CANDLE HOLDER PREPARATION

Adoption of technology in the production of Candle holder has brought many challenges in the local
production of same product such as collapsing of local industries. Many countries have adopted advanced
method of making wooded products like candle holder but have failed to a larger extent and result of money
wastage due to poor design and inadequate training of personnel in the production industries.

2.3 UTILTY OF CANDLE HOLDER

The primary function of candle holders is to provide a secure and safe base for candles to avoid any
mishaps. Placing a lighted candle without a sturdy base is like waiting for a disaster to happen. Even a slight
push can cause the candle to fall over and the table cloth or curtains might catch fire.

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CHAPTER THREE

3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter outline research methodology which has been used in the study by giving the research design,
data collection and analysis.

3.1 INTRODUCTION
I had to visit nearest workshops to interact with firms and see what kind of materials and procedures they
were using while preparing wooden candle stand. Through my research and interaction with people working
on these firms I realized that most of them were making yoghurts without addition of some fruits in order to
add more flavor. This clearly indicates that people within had not understand the importance of adding fruits
in Yoghurt preparation. Despite that most of them didn’t find it possible to make their own yoghurt using
local available ingredients. Now this shows that my project was going to benefit many people because
through this project they will be able to know how to make yoghurt by themselves with variety of fruits.

3.2 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

3.2.1 OBSERVATION
I had to visit nearest hotel like Alba Hotel and see what kind of candle stands they were using in the firms in
case of electricity breakdown. Through my research and interaction with people working on this firm I
realized that only a fewer number of people new how to prepare candle stand using wood thus this report
seeks to help them in future if they will need to prepare wooden candle stand for themselves.

3.2.2 QUESTIONAIRE
The researcher gave out a questionnaire to the respondents who were majorly in housekeeping department
so that to collect the needed data for the project that was to be used during sampling and summary of the
findings about wooden candle stand in general.

3.2.3 INTERVIEW
The researcher also interviewed other few staff members of Alba Hotel especially the senior ranks in order
to find out their opinion on the use of wooden candle stand in case of electricity breakdown.

3.4 MATERIALS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF WOODEN CANDLE STAND

• Wood: A piece of wood that is at least 16 inches long. You can use a leftover piece of wood, such as
poplar plywood.

• Drill: A drill with a large drill bit that is the same size as the candle.

• Chisel, hacksaw, or cut-off tool: To cut the wood.

• Stain or clear finish: To coat the wood.

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 • Spray paint: In a shimmering shade, such as silver, gold, copper, or rose gold.

• Wood glue: Possibly waterproof, depending on where it is used.

3.5 PROCEDURE
The procedure for making a wooden candle holder can vary depending on the style of candle holder and the
materials used, but it typically involves cutting, drilling, sanding, and finishing:

• Cut: Use a saw and vice to cut the wood to size.

• Drill: Use a drill bit to create holes in the wood.

• Sand: Lightly sand the wood to soften sharp edges.

• Finish: Apply a stain or clear finish to the wood. You can also use a fire-retardant varnish.

3.5.1 COLLECTING AND ASSEMBLING OF MATERIL AND TOOLS

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3.5.2 WORKING ON MATERIAL

7
3.5.3 FINAL PRODUCT

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3.6 COSTING

3.6.1 COST OF BUYING MATERIALS

ITEM USE AMOUNT
PENCIL To make markings Ksh50
SAW To cut the timber Ksh400
PANGA To remove unwanted parts Ksh200
SAND PAPER To smoothen the Shape obtained Ksh100
TAPE MEASURE To measure the size needed Ksh300
TOTAL Ksh1050

3.6.2 OVER HEADING COST

PARTICULARS AMOUNT

PRINTING Ksh500

BINDING Ksh200

TRANSPORT Ksh1000

LUNCH 500

TOTAL Ksh2200

Total of all expenses= CBM + OVC

Cost of Buying Ingredients + Over heading Cost

1050+2200

=Ksh3250

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CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the summary of the findings, conclusions based on the findings, the recommendations
based on the findings and suggestions for further research. This study had two main objectives: To determine
the type of candle stand used by many people and to establish the relationship between materials and
methods used in the production of candle stands.

4.2 DATA ANALYSIS

After carrying out the research, the research prepared a sample model for presentation for a proper
conclusion and recommendation on the research about the use of wooden candle stand at home or even for
commercial purposes like in Hotels and Restaurants.

4.3 SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS

The study found that most type of candle stands that are commonly used by people is that prepared by other
materials besides wood. Despite candle stand made of wood as part of main materials tend to be cheaper in
terms of preparation, many people end up choosing candle stands made of other materials over that of wood.
The study further finds that a few numbers of people know how to make candle stand with wood or even
some see these to be a heavier task.

4.4 CONCLUSION
The study established that candle stand used by people to a large extent are that made from
companies other than those for homemade or juakali workshops hence may not necessarily guarantee
the best way determining which is the best method according to the usage percentage.

Candle stands made with wood tend to be more nutritive and good for health unlike those made in other
companies just to make money without considering all the necessary safety and hygienic mode for the best
finished product.

4.5 RECOMMENDATION
I recommend that further studies may be done on how to make candle stand using other materials since this
study may not have covered all other methods and materials used in making other types of candle stand.

4.6 DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED

The researcher faces several challenges during the preparation of his project. The problems vary at different
angles depending with its nature.

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4.6.1 WEATHER
We all know that all wooden work operates well during sunny session unlike when it is raining it makes the
woods to rot thus it was hard for the researcher to carry out the activities when it was raining.

4.6.2 TIME CONSUMING

Moving to places in search of suitable materials and techniques of making wooden candle stand really
consumed a lot of time because it was not easy to acquire all the materials at the specific time that was set
for its completion.

4.6.3 LIMITED FUNDS

Financial constrains also hindered me from conducting effective research hence I had to prepare a budget to
ensure that every expense was within my intended budget.

4.7 SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES

There is need for a similar study to be conducted to determine the suitable material and preparation
methods of making candle stands used by many people in our country. A similar study should be
extended to entities in the private sector. This will enable generalization of the findings of this study.

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APPENDICES
FINAL PRODUCT

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APPENDIX 2

INTRODUCTION LETTER

Dear Sir/Madam

My name is PATRICK MUTWIRI a Craft Certificate in Catering & Accommodation student at Karumo
Technical Training Institute. I am conducting research on how to prepare Candle stand using wood. Please
allow me to invite you to be part of the respondents by filling the questionnaires provided by the study. Your
participation is voluntary and highly appreciated. Kindly respond with lot of sincerity and your response will
be confidential and meant for academic purposes in fulfillment for the award of my Certificate course.

Yours Faithfully,

PATRICK MUTWIRI

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APPENDIX 3

QUESTIONAIRE

1. Gender: Male [ ] Female [ ]

2. How would you rate the use of wooden candle stand?

Good [ ]

Moderate good [ ]

Very bad [ ]

3. Is preparation method and materials used affect the rate of using candle stands? Explain in which way
positive or negative.

4. Would you prefer using wood in preparation of candle stand as part of materials?

a. YES

b. NO

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REFERENCES
Ajayi S.O., Ajanaku C.O., Dokunmu T.M., and Owolabi A.O., (2019). Physico-chemical,

Adeoti O. A., Alabi A. O., Azeez L. A., and Adedokun S. O., (2020). Preliminary study on the

Wooden products

(Telfairia occidentalis). Journal of carpentry.

Adeyemo O. A., and Tijani, H. A., (2018). Fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F.)

genetic diversity and landrace identification using phenotypic traits and rapid markers. Ife Journal of
Science

Afolabi L.O., Adelowo M.O., Onilude H.A., (2017). Assessment of locally and industrially produced
candle stands in kenya.

Aijaz M. S., Sreeja V., and Rachana R. D., (2017). Effect of melted metals

15