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linux_lab_pgms

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20 views8 pages

linux_lab_pgms

Uploaded by

Sheethal P P
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operating System with Linux (PMCAC12)

Operating System with Linux laboratory Manual


(PMCAC12)

Steps to write and execute the Linux script:

Step 1: open the terminal and type “vi pgm_name.sh”


Step 2: when the vi editor is opened press “i” for write mode
Step 3: type the program, and at the end press “esc” key and then “:wq” to save and quit from vi
editor.
Step 4: then in the terminal type “chmod +x pgm_name.sh” to make the script executable.
Step 5: then at last type “./pgm_name.sh” and get the output.

Programs:
1. Write a script to find the factorial of a number using loops
Source code:
#!/bin/bash

echo -n "Enter a number: "


read num
factorial=1
# Check if the number is valid (non-negative)
if [ $num -lt 0 ]; then
echo "Factorial of a negative number is undefined."
exit 1
fi

# Calculate the factorial using a for loop


for (( i=1; i<=num; i++ ))
do
factorial=$((factorial * i))
done
echo "The factorial of $num is $factorial"

Output:

Case 1:
Enter a number: 4
The factorial of 4 is 24
Case 2:
Enter a number: -6
Factorial of a negative number is undefined.

Prof. Sheethal P P, Asst. Professor, Dept. of MCA, EWIT 1


Operating System with Linux (PMCAC12)

2. Write a script to check if a given year is a leap year.

Source code:
#!/bin/bash

echo -n "Enter a year: "


read year

# Check if the input is valid (positive integer)


if ! [[ "$year" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
echo "Invalid input. Please enter a valid year."
exit 1
fi

# Check leap year conditions


if (( (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 == 0 )); then
echo "$year is a leap year."
else
echo "$year is not a leap year."
fi

Output:

case 1:
Enter a year: 2026
2026 is not a leap year.
case 2:
Enter a year: 2016
2016 is a leap year.

Prof. Sheethal P P, Asst. Professor, Dept. of MCA, EWIT 2


Operating System with Linux (PMCAC12)

3. Write a script to sum the digits of a given number using a while loop

source code:

#!/bin/bash

echo -n "Enter a number: "


read num

# Check if the input is valid (non-negative integer)


if ! [[ "$num" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
echo "Invalid input. Please enter a non-negative integer."
exit 1
fi

sum=0

# Loop to calculate the sum of digits


while [ $num -gt 0 ]; do
digit=$((num % 10)) # Extract the last digit
sum=$((sum + digit)) # Add the digit to the sum
num=$((num / 10)) # Remove the last digit
done

echo "The sum of the digits is $sum"

Output:

Enter a number: 123


The sum of the digits is 6

Prof. Sheethal P P, Asst. Professor, Dept. of MCA, EWIT 3


Operating System with Linux (PMCAC12)

4. Write a script to reverse a string using a for loop.

Source code:
#!/bin/bash

read -p "Enter a string: " input

reversed=""

# Get the length of the input string


length=${#input}

# Use a for loop to iterate through the string in reverse


for (( i=$length-1; i>=0; i-- ))
do
# Append each character to the reversed string
reversed="$reversed${input:$i:1}"
done

echo "Reversed string: $reversed"

Output:

Enter a string: demo


Reversed string: omed

Prof. Sheethal P P, Asst. Professor, Dept. of MCA, EWIT 4


Operating System with Linux (PMCAC12)

5. Write a script to count the number of lines, words, and characters in a file.

Source code:

#!/bin/bash

# Check if a file is provided as an argument


if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
echo "Usage: $0 <filename>"
exit 1
fi

# Assign the filename from the first argument


filename=$1

# Check if the file exists


if [ ! -f "$filename" ]; then
echo "Error: File '$filename' not found."
exit 1
fi

# Use wc (word count) command to get the counts


lines=$(wc -l < "$filename")
words=$(wc -w < "$filename")
characters=$(wc -m < "$filename")

# Display the results


echo "File: $filename"
echo "Number of lines: $lines"
echo "Number of words: $words"
echo "Number of characters: $characters"

Steps to create and execute the file:


step 1 : create a file, for eg: filename.txt, using command “cat>filename.txt”

step 2: type a word or line or sentence in that file and click CTRL + C.

cat>demo1.txt
hello, welcome to linux programming
^C

step 3: now execute the script file by “ chmod +x pgm_name.sh”


step 4: run the script using “./pgm_name.sh filename.txt”

Output:
File: demo1.txt
Number of lines: 1
Number of words: 5
Number of characters: 36

Prof. Sheethal P P, Asst. Professor, Dept. of MCA, EWIT 5


Operating System with Linux (PMCAC12)

6. Write a script to check if a file exists and whether it is readable, writable, and executable.

Source code:

#!/bin/bash

# Check if a file is provided as an argument


if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
echo "Usage: $0 <filename>"
exit 1
fi

filename=$1

# Check if the file exists


if [ -e "$filename" ]; then
echo "File '$filename' exists."

# Check if the file is readable


if [ -r "$filename" ]; then
echo "File '$filename' is readable."
else
echo "File '$filename' is not readable."
fi

# Check if the file is writable


if [ -w "$filename" ]; then
echo "File '$filename' is writable."
else
echo "File '$filename' is not writable."
fi

# Check if the file is executable


if [ -x "$filename" ]; then
echo "File '$filename' is executable."
else
echo "File '$filename' is not executable."
fi
else
echo "File '$filename' does not exist."
fi

Output:

File 'demo1.txt' exists.


File 'demo1.txt' is readable.
File 'demo1.txt' is writable.
File 'demo1.txt' is not executable.

Prof. Sheethal P P, Asst. Professor, Dept. of MCA, EWIT 6


Operating System with Linux (PMCAC12)

7. Write a script to display the current date, username, and hostname.

Source code:

#!/bin/bash

# Get the current date


current_date=$(date)

# Get the username


current_user=$(whoami)

# Get the hostname


current_host=$(hostname)

# Display the information


echo "Current Date: $current_date"
echo "Username: $current_user"
echo "Hostname: $current_host"

Output:

Current Date: Sunday 15 December 2024 09:40:49 AM IST


Username: user
Hostname: pp-s-ubuntu

Prof. Sheethal P P, Asst. Professor, Dept. of MCA, EWIT 7


Operating System with Linux (PMCAC12)

8. Write a script to search for a specific word in a file and print the line containing that word.

Source code:

#!/bin/bash

# Check if the correct number of arguments is provided


if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
echo "Usage: $0 <filename> <word>"
exit 1
fi

# Assign arguments to variables


filename=$1
word=$2

# Check if the file exists


if [ ! -f "$filename" ]; then
echo "Error: File '$filename' not found."
exit 1
fi

# Search for the word in the file


grep -n "$word" "$filename"

# Check the exit status of grep to determine if the word was found
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
echo "Search complete."
else
echo "The word '$word' was not found in the file '$filename'."
fi

Steps to create and execute the file:


step 1 : create a file, for eg: filename.txt, using command “cat>filename.txt”

step 2: type a word or line or sentence in that file and click CTRL + C.

cat>demo1.txt
hello, welcome to linux programming
^C

step 3: now execute the script file by “ chmod +x pgm_name.sh”


step 4: un the script using “./pgm_name.sh filename.txt <word>”

Output:

1:hello, welcome to linux programming


Search complete.

Prof. Sheethal P P, Asst. Professor, Dept. of MCA, EWIT 8

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