1

Chapter 13 – Graphical User

Interfaces Part 2
Outline
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Menus
13.3 LinkLabels
13.4 ListBoxes and CheckedListBoxes
13.4.1 ListBoxes
13.4.2 CheckedListBoxes
13.5 ComboBoxes
13.6 TreeViews
13.7 ListViews
13.8 Tab Control
13.9 Multiple Document Interface (MDI) Windows
13.10 Visual Inheritance
13.11 User-Defined Controls

© 2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

13.1 Introduction

• Continues study of Graphical User Interface

• Explores:
– Menus
– LinkLabels
– ListBox
– CheckedListBox
– ComboBoxes
– TreeView control
– Tab controls
– Multiple-document interface windows

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13.2 Menus

• Group related commands together

• Contain:
– Commands
– Submenus
• Exit uses Application class to quit
• Color options mutually exclusive
• Every option has its own event handler
• Font style options use Xor operator

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13.2 Menus

Menu Shortcut
key

Disabled
command
submenu

Separator bar

Checked
menu item

Fig. 13.1 Expanded and checked menus.

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13.2 Menus

Place & character

before the letter
to be underlined

Menu Text boxes

Designer used to add
items to menu

MainMenu icon

Fig. 13.2 Visual Studio .NET Menu Designer.

© 2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

13.2 Menus

MainMenu a nd Desc rip tion / Delega te a nd Event Arguments

MenuItem events a nd
p rop erties
MainMenu Properties
MenuItems Collection of MenuItems for the MainMenu.
RightToLeft Used to display text from right to left. Useful for languages that are
read from right to left.
MenuItem Properties
Checked Whether menu item appears checked (according to property
RadioCheck). Default false, meaning that the menu item is not
checked.
Index Item’s position in parent menu.
MenuItems Collection of submenu items for this menu item.

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13.2 Menus

MergeOrder This property sets the position of menu item when parent menu merged
with another menu.
MergeType This property takes a value of the MenuMerge enumeration. Specifies
how parent menu merges with another menu. Possible values are Add,
MergeItems, Remove and Replace.
RadioCheck If true, menu item appears as radio button (black circle) when
checked; if false, menu item displays checkmark. Default false.
Shortcut Shortcut key for the menu item (i.e. Ctrl + F9 can be equivalent to
clicking a specific item).
ShowShortcut If true, shortcut key shown beside menu item text. Default true.
Text Text to appear on menu item. To make an Alt access shortcut, precede
a character with & (i.e. &File for File).
Common Events (Delegate EventHandler, event arguments EventArgs)
Click Raised when item is clicked or shortcut key is used. Default when
double-clicked in designer.
Fig. 13.3 MainMenu a nd MenuItem p rop erties a nd e ve nts.

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8
1 // Fig 13.4: MenuTest.cs Outline
2 // Using menus to change font colors and styles.
3
4 using System;
5 using System.Drawing; MenuTest.cs
6 using System.Collections;
7 using System.ComponentModel;
8 using System.Windows.Forms;
9 using System.Data;
10
11 public class MenuTest : System.Windows.Forms.Form
12 {
13 // display label
14 private System.Windows.Forms.Label displayLabel;
15
16 // main menu (contains file and format menu)
17 private System.Windows.Forms.MainMenu mainMenu;
18
19 // file menu
20 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem fileMenuItem; About command
21 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem aboutMenuItem; Exit command
22 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem exitMenuItem;
23
24 // format menu
25 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem formatMenuItem;
26
27 // color submenu
28 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem colorMenuItem;
29 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem blackMenuItem; Color options
30 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem blueMenuItem;
31 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem redMenuItem;
32 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem greenMenuItem;
33
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34 // font submenu Outline
35 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem timesMenuItem;
36 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem courierMenuItem;
37 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem comicMenuItem;
38 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem boldMenuItem; MenuTest.cs
39 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem italicMenuItem; Font options
40 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem fontMenuItem;
41
42 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem separatorMenuItem; Style options
43
44 [STAThread]
45 static void Main()
46 {
47 Application.Run( new MenuTest() );
48 }
49
50 // display MessageBox About event
51 private void aboutMenuItem_Click(
52 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
handler
53 {
54 MessageBox.Show(
55 "This is an example\nof using menus.",
56 "About", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
57 MessageBoxIcon.Information );
58 }
59
60 // exit program
61 private void exitMenuItem_Click( Exit event
62 object sender, System.EventArgs e ) Handler
63 {
64 Application.Exit();
65 }
66
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67 // reset color Outline
68 private void ClearColor()
69 {
70 // clear all checkmarks
71 blackMenuItem.Checked = false; MenuTest.cs
72 blueMenuItem.Checked = false;
73 redMenuItem.Checked = false;
74 greenMenuItem.Checked = false;
75 }
76
77 // update menu state and color display black
78 private void blackMenuItem_Click( Black event
79 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
80 {
handler
81 // reset checkmarks for color menu items
82 ClearColor();
83
84 // set color to black
85 displayLabel.ForeColor = Color.Black;
86 blackMenuItem.Checked = true;
87 }
88
89 // update menu state and color display blue
90 private void blueMenuItem_Click(
91 object sender, System.EventArgs e ) Blue event
92 {
93 // reset checkmarks for color menu items
Handler
94 ClearColor();
95
96 // set color to blue
97 displayLabel.ForeColor = Color.Blue;
98 blueMenuItem.Checked = true;
99 }
100
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101 // update menu state and color display red Outline
102 private void redMenuItem_Click(
103 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
104 { Red event
MenuTest.cs
105 // reset checkmarks for color menu items handler
106 ClearColor();
107
108 // set color to red
109 displayLabel.ForeColor = Color.Red;
110 redMenuItem.Checked = true;
111 }
112
113 // update menu state and color display green
114 private void greenMenuItem_Click(
115 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
116 {
Green event
117 // reset checkmarks for color menu items handler
118 ClearColor();
119
120 // set color to green
121 displayLabel.ForeColor = Color.Green;
122 greenMenuItem.Checked = true;
123 }
124
125 // reset font types
126 private void ClearFont()
127 {
128 // clear all checkmarks
129 timesMenuItem.Checked = false;
130 courierMenuItem.Checked = false;
131 comicMenuItem.Checked = false;
132 }
133
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134 // update menu state and set font to Times Outline
135 private void timesMenuItem_Click(
136 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
137 {
Times New Roman
138 // reset checkmarks for font menu items event handler MenuTest.cs
139 ClearFont();
140
141 // set Times New Roman font
142 timesMenuItem.Checked = true;
143 displayLabel.Font = new Font(
144 "Times New Roman", 14, displayLabel.Font.Style );
145 }
146
147 // update menu state and set font to Courier
148 private void courierMenuItem_Click(
149 object sender, System.EventArgs e ) Courier New
150 { event handler
151 // reset checkmarks for font menu items
152 ClearFont();
153
154 // set Courier font
155 courierMenuItem.Checked = true;
156 displayLabel.Font = new Font(
157 "Courier New", 14, displayLabel.Font.Style );
158 }
159
160 // update menu state and set font to Comic Sans MS
161 private void comicMenuItem_Click( Comic Sans
162 object sender, System.EventArgs e ) event handler
163 {
164 // reset checkmarks for font menu items
165 ClearFont();
166
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167 // set Comic Sans font Outline
168 comicMenuItem.Checked = true;
169 displayLabel.Font = new Font(
170 "Comic Sans MS", 14, displayLabel.Font.Style );
171 } MenuTest.cs
172
173 // toggle checkmark and toggle bold style
174 private void boldMenuItem_Click( Bold event
175 object sender, System.EventArgs e ) handler
176 {
177 // toggle checkmark
178 boldMenuItem.Checked = !boldMenuItem.Checked;
179
180 // use Xor to toggle bold, keep all other styles
181 displayLabel.Font = new Font(
182 displayLabel.Font.FontFamily, 14,
183 displayLabel.Font.Style ^ FontStyle.Bold );
184 }
185
186 // toggle checkmark and toggle italic style
187 private void italicMenuItem_Click( Italic event
188 object sender, System.EventArgs e)
189 { handler
190 // toggle checkmark
191 italicMenuItem.Checked = !italicMenuItem.Checked;
192
193 // use Xor to toggle bold, keep all other styles
194 displayLabel.Font = new Font(
195 displayLabel.Font.FontFamily, 14,
196 displayLabel.Font.Style ^ FontStyle.Italic );
197 }
198
199 } // end class MenuTest
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14
Outline

MenuTest.cs
Program Output

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13.3 LinkLabels

• Displays links to other objects

– Uses event handlers to link to right file or program
– Start method of Process class opens other programs
• Derived from class Label, inherits functionality

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13.3 LinkLabels

LinkLabel
on a form

Hand image
displayed when
mouse cursor over
a LinkLabel

Fig. 13.5 LinkLabel control in the design phase and in running program.

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13.3 LinkLabels
L i n k L a be l p ro p e rt ie s D e sc rip t io n / D e le g a t e a n d Ev e n t A rg u m e n t s
a nd e ve nts
C om m on Properties

A c t i v e Li n k C o lo r Specifies the colo r o f the active link w he n clicked. D efault is red.

L i n k A r ea Specifies w hic h portio n o f text in the L i n kL a b e l is treated as part of
the link.
L i n k B e ha v i o r Specifies the link’s behavior, such as how the link appears w hen the
m o use is placed over it.
L i n k C o lo r Specifies the origina l colo r of a ll links befo re they ha ve been visited.
D efa ult is blue.
Links Lists the L i n k L a b e l . Li n k objects, w hic h are the links conta ined
in the L i n k L a be l .
L i n k V i si t e d If T r u e , link appears as if it w ere visited (its color is cha nged to that
specified by property V i s i t e d L i nk C o lo r ). D efault F a l s e .
Text Specifies the text to appear on the contro l.
U s e M n e mo n i c If T r u e , & character in T e x t property acts as a shortcut (sim ilar to
the A lt shortcut in m e nus).
V i s i t e dL i n k C ol o r Specifies the colo r o f visited links. D efa ult is C o l o r . P ur p l e.
C om m on E vent (D elegate L i n k L a b el L i n k Cl i c k ed E ve n t H a n dl e r , event
argum ents L i nk L a b el L i n k Cl i c k ed Ev e n t A r gs )

L i n k C l ic k e d G enerated w hen link is clicked. D efault w hen contro l is doub le-

clicked in designer.

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18
1 // Fig. 13.7: LinkLabelTest.cs Outline
2 // Using LinkLabels to create hyperlinks.
3
4 using System;
5 using System.Drawing; LinkLabelTest.cs
6 using System.Collections;
7 using System.ComponentModel;
8 using System.Windows.Forms;
9 using System.Data;
10
11 public class LinkLabelTest : System.Windows.Forms.Form
12 {
13 // linklabels to C: drive, www.deitel.com and Notepad
14 private System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel driveLinkLabel; C drive link
15 private System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel deitelLinkLabel;
16 private System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabel notepadLinkLabel;
Deitel website
17 link
Notepad link
18 [STAThread]
19 static void Main()
20 {
21 Application.Run( new LinkLabelTest() );
22 }
23
24 // browse C:\ drive
25 private void driveLinkLabel_LinkClicked( object sender,
26 System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e )
C drive
27 { event handler
28 driveLinkLabel.LinkVisited = true;
29 System.Diagnostics.Process.Start( "C:\\" );
30 }
31 Start method to open
other programs
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 19
32 // load www.deitel.com in Web broswer Outline
33 private void deitelLinkLabel_LinkClicked( object sender,
34 System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e )
35 {
36 deitelLinkLabel.LinkVisited = true; LinkLabelTest.cs
Deitel website
37 System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(
38 "IExplore", "http://www.deitel.com" );
event handler
39 }
40
41 // run application Notepad
42 private void notepadLinkLabel_LinkClicked(
43 object sender,
44 System.Windows.Forms.LinkLabelLinkClickedEventArgs e ) Notepad
45 { event handler
46 notepadLinkLabel.LinkVisited = true;
47
48 // program called as if in run
49 // menu and full path not needed
50 System.Diagnostics.Process.Start( "notepad" );
51 }
52
53 } // end class LinkLabelTest

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20
Outline

LinkLabelTest.cs
Program Output

Click on first
LinkLabel to
look at contents
of C drive

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10
 21
Outline

LinkLabelTest.cs
Program Output

Click on second
LinkLabel to go
to the Web Site

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22
Outline

LinkLabelTest.cs
Program Output

Click the third

LinkLabel to
open notepad

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13.4 ListBoxes and CheckedListBoxes

• ListBoxes
– Allow users to view and select from items on a list
– Static objects
– SelectionMode property determines number of items
that can be selected
– Property Items returns all objects in list
– Property SelectedItem returns current selected item
– Property SelectedIndex returns index of selected item
– Property GetSelected returns true if property at given
index is selected
– Use Add method to add to Items collection
• myListBox.Items.Add(“myListItem”)

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13.4 ListBoxes and CheckedListBoxes

• CheckedListBoxes
– Extends ListBox by placing check boxes next to items
– Can select more than one object at one time

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13.4.1 ListBoxes

• Class ListBoxTest
– Allows users to add and remove items from ListBox
– Uses event handlers to add to, remove from and clear list

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26

13.4.2 CheckedListBoxes

• CheckedListBox derives from class ListBox

– Can add to, remove from or clear list
– Can select multiple items from the list
– Properties CurrentValue and NewValue return state of
object selected
– Properties CheckedItems and CheckedIndices
return the objects and indices of selected items respectively

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13.4 ListBoxes and CheckListBoxes

ListBox

Selected Items Scroll bars

appear if
necessary

Checked item

CheckedListBox

Fig. 13.8 ListBox and CheckedListBox on a form.

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28

13.4 ListBoxes and CheckListBoxes

L i s t B o x p ro p e rt ie s, D e sc rip t io n / D e le g a t e a n d Ev e n t A rg u m e n t s
m e th o d s a nd e ve nts
C o m m o n P r o p e r tie s

Items L is ts th e c o lle c tio n o f ite m s w ith in t h e L i s t B o x .

MultiColumn In d ic a te s w h e t h e r th e L i s t B o x c a n b re a k a lis t in to m u ltip le
c o lu m n s . M u lt ip le c o lu m n s a re u s e d to m a k e v e rtic a l s c ro ll b a rs
u n n e c e s s a ry .
SelectedIndex R e tu r n s th e in d e x o f th e c u rre n t ly s e le c te d ite m . I f th e u s e r s e le c ts
m u ltip le ite m s , th is m e t h o d a rb itra r ily re t u r n s o n e o f th e s e le c te d
in d ic e s ; if n o ite m s h a v e b e e n s e le c te d , th e m e th o d re t u r n s - 1 .
SelectedIndices R e tu r n s a c o lle c tio n o f th e in d ic e s o f a ll c u r re n tly s e le c te d ite m s .
SelectedItem R e tu r n s a re fe re n c e to th e c u rre n t ly s e le c te d ite m ( if m u ltip le ite m s a re
s e le c te d , it re tu r n s th e ite m w it h th e lo w e s t in d e x n u m b e r).
SelectedItems R e tu r n s a c o lle c tio n o f th e c u rre n t ly s e le c te d ite m (s ).
SelectionMode D e te r m in e s th e n u m b e r o f ite m s t h a t c a n b e s e le c te d a n d th e m e a n s
th ro u g h w h ic h m u lt ip le ite m s c a n b e s e le c te d . V a lu e s N o n e , O n e ,
M u l t i S i m p l e ( m u ltip le s e le c t io n a llo w e d ) a n d M u l t i E x t e n d e d
( m u ltip le s e le c tio n a llo w e d v ia a c o m b in a tio n o f a rro w k e y s , m o u s e
c lic k s a n d S h ift a n d C o n tr o l b u tto n s ).
Sorted In d ic a te s w h e t h e r ite m s a p p e a r in a lp h a b e t ic a l o rd e r. T r u e c a u s e s
a lp h a b e tiz a tio n ; d e fa u lt is F a l s e .
C o m m o n M e th o d

GetSelected T a k e s a n in d e x , a n d re t u r n s T r u e if t h e c o rre s p o n d in g ite m is

s e le c te d .

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13.4 ListBoxes and CheckListBoxes

Fig. 13.10 String Collection Editor.

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30
1 // Fig 13.11: ListBoxTest.cs Outline
2 // Program to add, remove and clear list box items.
3
4 using System;
5 using System.Drawing; ListBoxTest.cs
6 using System.Collections;
7 using System.ComponentModel;
8 using System.Windows.Forms;
9 using System.Data;
10
11 public class ListBoxTest : System.Windows.Forms.Form
12 {
13 // contains user-input list of elements
14 private System.Windows.Forms.ListBox displayListBox; Display ListBox
15
16 // user input textbox Text field for input
17 private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox inputTextBox;
18
19 // add, remove, clear and exit command buttons
20 private System.Windows.Forms.Button addButton; Add button
21 private System.Windows.Forms.Button removeButton;
22 private System.Windows.Forms.Button clearButton; Clear button
Remove Button
23 private System.Windows.Forms.Button exitButton;
24
25 [STAThread] Exit button
26 static void Main()
27 {
28 Application.Run( new ListBoxTest() );
29 }
30

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 31
31 // add new item (text from input box) Outline
32 // and clear input box
33 private void addButton_Click( Add event
34 object sender, System.EventArgs e ) handler
35 { ListBoxTest.cs
36 displayListBox.Items.Add( inputTextBox.Text );
37 inputTextBox.Clear();
38 } Add method
39
40 // remove item if one selected
41 private void removeButton_Click(
42 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
43 {
44 // remove only if item selected Test if item is
45 if ( displayListBox.SelectedIndex != -1 )
46 displayListBox.Items.RemoveAt( selected
Remove method
47 displayListBox.SelectedIndex );
48 }
49
50 // clear all items
51 private void clearButton_Click(
52 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
53 {
54 displayListBox.Items.Clear();
55 } Clear method
56
57 // exit application
58 private void exitButton_Click(
59 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
60 {
61 Application.Exit();
Exit
62 }
63
64 } // end class ListBoxTest
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32
Outline

ListBoxTest.cs
Program Output

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13.4 ListBoxes and CheckListBoxes

CheckedListBox D e sc rip t io n / D e le g a t e a n d Ev e n t A rg u m e n t s
p ro p e rt ie s, m e t h o d s a n d
e ve nts
C o m m o n P r o p e r tie s (A ll th e L i s t B o x p ro p e r tie s a n d e v e n ts a r e in h e r ite d b y
C h e c k e d L i s t B o x .)
CheckedItems T h e co lle c tio n o f ite m s th a t a re ch e c k e d . N o t th e s a m e a s th e s e le c te d
ite m s , w h ich a re h ig h lig h te d (b u t n o t n e c e ss a ril y c h e c k ed ).
CheckedIndices R e tu rn s in d ic e s fo r th e ite m s th a t a re ch e c k e d . N o t th e s a m e a s th e
s e le c te d in d ic e s .
SelectionMode C a n o n ly h a v e v a lu e s O n e (a llo w s m u ltip le se le c tio n ) o r N o n e (d o e s
n o t a llo w m u ltip le s e le c tio n ).
C o m m o n M e th o d s
GetItemChecked T a k e s a n in d e x an d re tu rn s t r u e if c o rre sp o n d in g ite m c h e c k ed .
C o m m o n E v e n ts (D e le g a te I t e m C h e c k E v e n t H a n d l e r , e v e n t a r g u m e n ts
ItemCheckEventArgs)
ItemCheck R a is e d w h e n a n ite m is ch e c k ed o r u n c h e c k e d .
ItemCheckEventArgs
P r o p e r tie s
CurrentValue W h e th e r c u rren t ite m is c h e c k e d o r u n c h e c k e d . V a lu e s C h e c k e d ,
Unchecked or Indeterminate.
Index In d e x o f ite m th a t c h an g e d .
NewValue N e w s ta te o f ite m .
Fig . 1 3 .1 2 C h e c k e d L i s t B o x p ro p e rt ie s, m e t h o d s a n d e v e n t s.

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34
1 // Fig. 13.13: CheckedListBoxTest.cs Outline
2 // Using the checked list boxes to add items to a list box
3
4 using System;
5 using System.Drawing; CheckedListBoxTe
6 using System.Collections; st.cs
7 using System.ComponentModel;
8 using System.Windows.Forms;
9 using System.Data;
10
11 public class CheckedListBoxTest : System.Windows.Forms.Form
12 {
13 // list of available book titles
14 private System.Windows.Forms.CheckedListBox CheckedListBox
15 inputCheckedListBox;
16
17 // user selection list
18 private System.Windows.Forms.ListBox displayListBox;
19
ListBox
20 [STAThread]
21 static void Main()
22 {
23 Application.Run( new CheckedListBoxTest() );
24 }
25
26 // item about to change,
27 // add or remove from displayListBox ItemCheck
28 private void inputCheckedListBox_ItemCheck(
29 object sender,
event handler
30 System.Windows.Forms.ItemCheckEventArgs e )
31 {
32 // obtain reference of selected item
33 string item =
34 inputCheckedListBox.SelectedItem.ToString();
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17
 35
36 // if item checked add to listbox Outline
37 // otherwise remove from listbox
38 if ( e.NewValue == CheckState.Checked )
39 displayListBox.Items.Add( item ); Add Item
40 else CheckedListBoxTe
41 displayListBox.Items.Remove( item ); st.cs
42 Remove Item
43 } // end method inputCheckedListBox_Click
44
45 } // end class CheckedListBox

Program Output

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36

13.5 ComboBoxes

• Combine TextBox and drop-down list

• Add method adds object to collection
• Properties:
– DropDownStyle: determines type of ComboBox
– Items: returns objects in the list
– SelectedItem: returns object selected
– SelectedIndex: returns index of selected item

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 37

13.5 ComboBoxes

Fig. 13.14 Demonstrating a ComboBox.

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38

13.5 ComboBoxes

ComboBox e v e n ts a nd D e sc rip t io n / D e le g a t e a n d Ev e n t A rg u m e n t s
p ro p e rt ie s
Com m on Properties
DropDownStyle D eterm ines the type of com bo box. Value Simple m eans that the
text portion is editable and the list portion is always visible. Value
DropDown (the default) m eans that the text portion is editable but an
arrow button m ust be clicked to see the list portion. Value
DropDownList means that the text portion is not editable and the
arrow button m ust be clicked to see the list portion.
Items Collection of item s in the ComboBox control.
MaxDropDownItems M axim um number of item s to display in the drop-dow n list (betw een
1 and 100). If value is exceeded, a scroll bar appears.
SelectedIndex Returns index of currently selected item . If there is no currently
selected item , -1 is returned.
SelectedItem Returns reference to currently selected item.
Sorted If true, item s appear in alphabetical order. D efault false.
Comm on Events (D elegate EventHandler, event argum ents EventArgs)
SelectedIndexChanged Raised when selected index changes (i.e., a check box has been
checked or unchecked). Default w hen control double-clicked in
designer.
Fig . 13.15 ComboBox p ro p e rt ie s a n d e v e n ts.

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19
 39
1 // Fig. 13.16: ComboBoxTest.cs Outline
2 // Using ComboBox to select shape to draw
3
4 using System;
5 using System.Drawing; ComboBoxTest.cs
6 using System.Collections;
7 using System.ComponentModel;
8 using System.Windows.Forms;
9 using System.Data;
10
11 public class ComboBoxTest : System.Windows.Forms.Form
12 {
13 // contains shape list (circle, square, ellipse, pie) Create ComboBox
14 private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox imageComboBox;
15
16 [STAThread]
17 static void Main()
18 {
19 Application.Run( new ComboBoxTest() );
20 }
21
22 // get selected index, draw shape SelectedIndexChanged
23 private void imageComboBox_SelectedIndexChanged( event handler
24 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
25 {
26 // create graphics object, pen and brush
27 Graphics myGraphics = base.CreateGraphics(); Create graphics object
28
29 // create Pen using color DarkRed
30 Pen myPen = new Pen( Color.DarkRed );
31
Create pen
32 // create SolidBrush using color DarkRed
33 SolidBrush mySolidBrush =
34 new SolidBrush( Color.DarkRed );
Create brush
35 © 2002 Prentice Hall.
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40
36 // clear drawing area setting it to color White Outline
37 myGraphics.Clear( Color.White );
38
39 // find index, draw proper shape
40 switch ( imageComboBox.SelectedIndex ) Switch statement to ComboBoxTest.cs
41 { determine correct object
42 case 0: // case circle is selected to draw
43 myGraphics.DrawEllipse(
44 myPen, 50, 50, 150, 150 );
45 break;
46 case 1: // case rectangle is selected
47 myGraphics.DrawRectangle(
48 myPen, 50, 50, 150, 150 );
49 break;
50 case 2: // case ellipse is selected Draw object
51 myGraphics.DrawEllipse(
52 myPen, 50, 85, 150, 115 );
53 break;
54 case 3: // case pie is selected
55 myGraphics.DrawPie(
56 myPen, 50, 50, 150, 150, 0, 45 );
57 break;
58 case 4: // case filled circle is selected
59 myGraphics.FillEllipse(
60 mySolidBrush, 50, 50, 150, 150 );
61 break;
62 case 5: // case filled rectangle is selected
63 myGraphics.FillRectangle(
64 mySolidBrush, 50, 50, 150, 150 );
65 break;
66 case 6: // case filled ellipse is selected
67 myGraphics.FillEllipse(
68 mySolidBrush, 50, 85, 150, 115 );
69 break;
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20
 41
70 case 7: // case filled pie is selected Outline
71 myGraphics.FillPie(
72 mySolidBrush, 50, 50, 150, 150, 0, 45 );
73 break;
74 ComboBoxTest.cs
75 } // end switch
76
77 } // end method imageComboBox_SelectedIndexChanged
78
79 } // end class ComboBoxTest

Program Output

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42
Outline

ComboBoxTest.cs
Program Output

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21
 43

13.6 TreeViews

• Displays nodes hierarchically

• Parent nodes have children
• The first parent node is called the root
• Use Add method to add nodes

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44

13.6 TreeView

Click to expand node,

displaying child nodes

Root node

Click to collapse node,

hiding child nodes Child
nodes

Fig. 13.17 Displaying a sample tree in a TreeView.

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22
 45

13.6 TreeView

TreeView p ro p e rtie s De sc rip tio n / De le g a t e a n d Ev e n t A rg u m e n t s

a n d e v e n ts
Common
Properties
CheckBoxes True displays
Indicates whether checkboxes appear next to nodes.
False .
checkboxes. Default is
ImageList Indicates the ImageList used to display icons by the nodes. An
ImageList is a collection that contains a number of Image
objects.
Nodes Lists the collection of TreeNode s in the control. Contains
methods Add (adds a TreeNode object), Clear (deletes the
entire collection) and Remove (deletes a specific node). Removing
a parent node deletes all its children.
SelectedNode Currently selected node.

Common Event (Delegate TreeViewEventHandler, event

argum ents TreeViewEventArgs)
AfterSelect Generated after selected node changes. Default when double-clicked
in designer.

Fig . 13.18 TreeView p ro p e rtie s a n d e v e n ts.

© 2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

46

13.6 TreeView
TreeNode p ro p e rt ie s D e sc rip tio n / D e le g a t e a n d Ev e n t A rg u m e n t s
a nd m e tho d s
Common Properties
Checked Indicates w hether the TreeNode is checked.
( CheckBoxes property m ust be set to True in parent
TreeView .)
FirstNode Specifies the first node in the Nodes collection (i.e., first child
in tree).
FullPath Indicates the path of the node, starting at the root of the tree.
ImageIndex Specifies the index of the im age to be show n when the node is
deselected.
LastNode Specifies the last node in the Nodes collection (i.e., last child in
tree).
NextNode N ext sibling node.
Nodes The collection ofTreeNode s contained in the current node
Add
(i.e., all the children of the current node). Contains m ethods
(adds a TreeNode object), Clear (deletes the entire
collection) and Remove (deletes a specific node). Rem oving a
parent node deletes all its children.
PrevNode Indicates the previous sibling node.
SelectedImageI Specifies the index of the im age to use w hen the node is selected.
ndex
Text Specifies the text to display in the TreeView .
Common M ethods
Collapse Collapses a node.
Expand Expands a node.
ExpandAll Expands all the children of a node.
GetNodeCount Returns the number of child nodes.
Fig . 13.19 TreeNode p ro p e rt ie s a n d m e t h o d s.

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23
 47

13.6 TreeView

Fig. 13.20 TreeNode Editor.

© 2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

48
1 // Fig. 13.21: TreeViewDirectoryStructureTest.cs Outline
2 // Using TreeView to display directory structure
3
4 using System;
5 using System.Drawing; TreeViewDirector
6 using System.Collections; yStructureTest.c
7 using System.ComponentModel; s
8 using System.Windows.Forms;
9 using System.Data;
10 using System.IO;
11
12 public class TreeViewDirectoryStructureTest
13 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
14 {
15 // contains view of c: drive directory structure
16 private System.Windows.Forms.TreeView directoryTreeView;
17
18 [STAThread]
19 static void Main()
20 {
21 Application.Run(
22 new TreeViewDirectoryStructureTest() );
23 }
24
25 public void PopulateTreeView( Class that creates
26 string directoryValue, TreeNode parentNode ) children of root
27 {
28 // populate current node with subdirectories
29 string[] directoryArray =
30 Directory.GetDirectories( directoryValue ); Get subdirectories
31 of root

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24
 49
32 // populate current node with subdirectories Outline
33 try
34 {
35 if ( directoryArray.Length != 0 )
36 { TreeViewDirector
37 // for every subdirectory, create new TreeNode, yStructureTest.c
38 // add as child of current node and recursively s
39 // populate child nodes with subdirectories
40 foreach ( string directory in directoryArray )
41 {
42 // create TreeNode for current directory
43 TreeNode myNode = new TreeNode( directory ); Create new node
44
45 // add current directory node to parent node
46 parentNode.Nodes.Add( myNode );
47
48 // recursively populate every subdirectory
49 PopulateTreeView( directory, myNode );
50 }
Recursive call
51 to finish tree
52 } // end if
53 }
54
55 // catch exception
56 catch ( UnauthorizedAccessException ) Catches security
57 { exception
58 parentNode.Nodes.Add( "Access denied" );
59 }
60
61 } // end PopulateTreeView
62

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50
63 // called by system when form loads Outline
64 private void TreeViewDirectoryStructureTest_Load(
65 object sender, System.EventArgs e)
66 {
67 // add c:\ drive to directoryTreeView and TreeViewDirector
68 // insert its subfolders yStructureTest.c
69 directoryTreeView.Nodes.Add( "C:\\" ); Create root s
70 PopulateTreeView(
71 "C:\\", directoryTreeView.Nodes[ 0 ] );
72 }
73
74 } // end class TreeViewDirectoryStructure

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25
 51
Outline

TreeViewDirector
yStructureTest.c
s
Program Output

© 2002 Prentice Hall.

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52

13.7 ListViews

• Displays list of items

– Can select one or more items from list
– Displays icons to go along with items

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26
 53

13.7 ListViews
ListV iew e v e n ts a nd D e sc rip t io n / D e le g a t e a n d Ev e n t A rg u m e n t s
p ro p e rt ie s
C om m on
P roperties
Ac t i v at i o n D eterm ines how the user activates an item . This property takes a value
in the I te m Ac t i v at io n enum eration. Possible values are
O n eC l i c k (single-click activation), T w o Cl ic k (double-
click activation, item changes color w hen selected) and
S t an d a r d (double-click activation).
Ch e c k Bo x e s T r ue displa ys
Indicates w hether item s appear w ith checkboxes.
F a l se .
checkboxes. D efault is
La r g e Im a g e Li s Indicates the I m a g eL i s t used w hen displayin g large icons.
t
It e m s R eturns the collection of Li s t V ie w I t em s in the control.

Mu l t i Se l e c t D eterm ines w hether m ultiple selection is allow ed. D efault is T ru e ,

w hich enables m ultiple selection.
Se l e c te d I t em s L ists the collection of currently selected item s.
Sm a l l Im a g e Li s Specifies the I ma g e L ist used w hen displayin g sm all icons.
t
Vi e w D eterm ines appearance of Li s t V ie wI t em s. V alues
L a rg e I c on (large icon displayed, item s can be in m ultiple
colum ns), Sm al lI c on (sm all icon displa yed), Li s t (sm all
icons displayed, item s appear in a single colum n) and D e t a il s
(like L is t , but m ultiple colum ns of inform ation can be displa yed
per item ).
C om m on E vent (D eleg ate E v en t H a nd l e r , event argu m ents
E v en t A r gs )
It e m A ct i v a te G enerated w hen an item in the L is tV i e w is activated. Does not
specify w hich item is activated.

© 2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

54

13.7 ListViews

Fig. 13.23 Image Collection Editor window for an ImageList component.

© 2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

27
 55
1 // Fig. 13.24: ListViewTest.cs Outline
2 // Displaying directories and their contents in ListView.
3
4 using System;
5 using System.Drawing; ListViewTest.cs
6 using System.Collections;
7 using System.ComponentModel;
8 using System.Windows.Forms;
9 using System.Data;
10 using System.IO;
11
12 public class ListViewTest : System.Windows.Forms.Form
13 {
14 // display labels for current location
15 // in directory tree
16 private System.Windows.Forms.Label currentLabel;
17 private System.Windows.Forms.Label displayLabel;
18
19 // display contents of current directory
20 private System.Windows.Forms.ListView browserListView; Create Image List
21
22 // specifies images for file icons and folder icons
23 private System.Windows.Forms.ImageList fileFolder;
24
25 // get current directory
26 string currentDirectory = Load the current directory
27 Directory.GetCurrentDirectory();
28
29 [STAThread]
30 static void Main()
31 {
32 Application.Run( new ListViewTest() );
33 }
34
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56
35 // browse directory user clicked or go up one level Outline
36 private void browserListView_Click(
37 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
38 {
39 // ensure item selected ListViewTest.cs
40 if ( browserListView.SelectedItems.Count != 0 ) Test if item is
41 {
42 // if first item selected, go up one level selected
43 if ( browserListView.Items[ 0 ].Selected ) If first item selected
44 {
45 // create DirectoryInfo object for directory go up one level
46 DirectoryInfo directoryObject =
47 new DirectoryInfo( currentDirectory ); Make directory information
48
49 // if directory has parent, load it
50 if ( directoryObject.Parent != null ) Test to see if at root
51 LoadFilesInDirectory(
52 directoryObject.Parent.FullName );
53 }
Return parent of
54 current directory
55 // selected directory or file
56 else
57 {
58 // directory or file chosen
59 string chosen =
60 browserListView.SelectedItems[ 0 ].Text;
61
62 // if item selected is directory
63 if ( Directory.Exists( currentDirectory +
64 "\\" + chosen ) ) Check if selected
65 { item is directory

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28
 57
66 // load subdirectory Outline
67 // if in c:\, do not need '\', Load subdirectory
68 // otherwise we do
69 if ( currentDirectory == "C:\\" )
70 LoadFilesInDirectory( ListViewTest.cs
71 currentDirectory + chosen );
72 else
73 LoadFilesInDirectory(
74 currentDirectory + "\\" + chosen );
75 } //end if
76
77 } // end else
78
79 // update displayLabel
80 displayLabel.Text = currentDirectory; Update to display
81
82 } // end if
current directory
83
84 } // end method browserListView_Click
85
86 // display files/subdirectories of current directory
87 public void LoadFilesInDirectory(
88 string currentDirectoryValue ) Class to load files in
89 { current directory
90 // load directory information and display
91 try
92 {
93 // clear ListView and set first item
94 browserListView.Items.Clear();
95 browserListView.Items.Add( "Go Up One Level" );
96

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58
97 // update current directory Outline
98 currentDirectory = currentDirectoryValue;
99 DirectoryInfo newCurrentDirectory =
100 new DirectoryInfo( currentDirectory );
101 ListViewTest.cs
102 // put files and directories into arrays
103 DirectoryInfo[] directoryArray =
104 newCurrentDirectory.GetDirectories(); Get subdirectories of
105 current directory
106 FileInfo[] fileArray =
107 newCurrentDirectory.GetFiles();
Get files of
108 current directory
109 // add directory names to ListView
110 foreach ( DirectoryInfo dir in directoryArray )
111 {
112 // add directory to ListView
113 ListViewItem newDirectoryItem =
114 browserListView.Items.Add( dir.Name ); Add directory to list
115
116 // set directory image
117 newDirectoryItem.ImageIndex = 0;
118 }
119
120 // add file names to ListView
121 foreach ( FileInfo file in fileArray ) Add file to list
122 {
123 // add file to ListView
124 ListViewItem newFileItem =
125 browserListView.Items.Add( file.Name );
126
127 newFileItem.ImageIndex = 1; // set file image
128 }
129 } // end try
130
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29
 59
131 // access denied Outline
132 catch ( UnauthorizedAccessException exception )
133 {
134 MessageBox.Show(
Security exception
135 "Warning: Some fields may not be " + handler ListViewTest.cs
136 "visible due to permission settings",
137 "Attention", 0, MessageBoxIcon.Warning );
138 }
139
140 } // end method LoadFilesInDirectory
141
142 // handle load event when Form displayed for first time
143 private void ListViewTest_Load(
144 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
145 {
146 // set image list
147 Image folderImage = Image.FromFile(
148 currentDirectory + "\\images\\folder.bmp" ); Load Images
149
150 Image fileImage = Image.FromFile( currentDirectory +
151 "\\images\\file.bmp" );
152
153 fileFolder.Images.Add( folderImage );
154 fileFolder.Images.Add( fileImage );
155
156 // load current directory into browserListView
157 LoadFilesInDirectory( currentDirectory );
158 displayLabel.Text = currentDirectory;
159
160 } // end method ListViewTest_Load
161
162 } // end class ListViewTest

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60
Outline

ListViewTest.cs
Program Output

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30
 61

13.8 TabControl

• Creates tabbed windows

• Windows called TabPage objects
– TabPages can have controls
– Tabpages have own Click event for when tab is clicked

© 2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

62

Tab pages
13.8 Tab Controls

Fig. 13.25 Tabbed pages in Visual Studio .NET.

© 2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

31
 63

13.8 Tab Controls

TabPage

TabControl

Controls in
TabPage

Fig. 13.26 Example TabControl with TabPages.

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64

13.8 Tab Controls

Fig. 13.27 Adding TabPages to the TabControl.

© 2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

32
 65

13.8 Tab Controls

TabControl p ro p e rt ie s De sc rip tio n / De le g a te a nd Ev e n t A rg u m e nts

a nd e v e n ts
Common Properties
ImageList Specifies images to be displayed on a tab.
ItemSize Specifies tab size.
MultiLine Indicates whether multiple rows of tabs can be displayed.
SelectedIndex Indicates index of TabPage that is currently selected.

SelectedTab Indicates the TabPage that is currently selected.

TabCount Returns the number of tabs.
TabPages Gets the collection of TabPage s within our
TabControl .
Common Event (Delegate EventHandler, event arguments
EventArgs)
SelectedIndexCha Generated when SelectedIndex changes (i.e., another
nged TabPage is selected).
Fig. 13.28 TabControl p ro p e rtie s a nd e ve n ts.

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66
1 // Fig. 13.29: UsingTabs.cs Outline
2 // Using TabControl to display various font settings.
3
4 using System;
5 using System.Drawing; UsingTabs.cs
6 using System.Collections;
7 using System.ComponentModel;
8 using System.Windows.Forms;
9 using System.Data;
10
11 public class UsingTabs : System.Windows.Forms.Form
12 {
13 // output label reflects text changes
14 private System.Windows.Forms.Label displayLabel;
15
16 // table control containing table pages colorTabPage,
17 // sizeTabPage, messageTabPage and aboutTabPage
18 private System.Windows.Forms.TabControl
19 optionsTabControl;
20
21 // table page containing color options Color tab
22 private System.Windows.Forms.TabPage colorTabPage;
23 private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton
24 greenRadioButton;
25 private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton redRadioButton; Color buttons for
26 private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton
27 blackRadioButton; color tab
28

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33
 67
29 // table page containing font size options
Size tab
Outline
30 private System.Windows.Forms.TabPage sizeTabPage;
31 private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton
32 size20RadioButton;
33 private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton Size buttons UsingTabs.cs
34 size16RadioButton;
35 private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton
36 size12RadioButton;
37
38 // table page containing text display options
39 private System.Windows.Forms.TabPage messageTabPage; Message tab
40 private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton
41 goodByeRadioButton;
42 private System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton
43 helloRadioButton;
44
45 // table page containing about message
46 private System.Windows.Forms.TabPage aboutTabPage;
47 private System.Windows.Forms.Label messageLabel;
About tab
48
49 [STAThread]
50 static void Main()
51 {
52 Application.Run( new UsingTabs() );
53 }
54 Event handler
55 // event handler for black color radio button
56 private void blackRadioButton_CheckedChanged(
57 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
58 {
59 displayLabel.ForeColor = Color.Black;
60 }
61
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68
62 // event handler for red color radio button Outline
63 private void redRadioButton_CheckedChanged(
64 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
65 {
66 displayLabel.ForeColor = Color.Red; UsingTabs.cs
67 }
68
69 // event handler for green color radio button
70 private void greenRadioButton_CheckedChanged(
71 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
72 {
73 displayLabel.ForeColor = Color.Green;
74 }
75 Event handlers
76 // event handler for size 12 radio button
77 private void size12RadioButton_CheckedChanged(
78 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
79 {
80 displayLabel.Font =
81 new Font( displayLabel.Font.Name, 12 );
82 }
83
84 // event handler for size 16 radio button
85 private void size16RadioButton_CheckedChanged(
86 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
87 {
88 displayLabel.Font =
89 new Font( displayLabel.Font.Name, 16 );
90 }
91

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34
 69
92 // event handler for size 20 radio button Outline
93 private void size20RadioButton_CheckedChanged(
94 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
95 {
96 displayLabel.Font = UsingTabs.cs
97 new Font( displayLabel.Font.Name, 20 );
98 }
99
100 // event handler for message "Hello!" radio button
101 private void helloRadioButton_CheckedChanged(
102 object sender, System.EventArgs e ) Event handlers
103 {
104 displayLabel.Text = "Hello!";
105 }
106
107 // event handler for message "Goodbye!" radio button
108 private void goodByeRadioButton_CheckedChanged(
109 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
110 {
111 displayLabel.Text = "Goodbye!";
112 }
113
114 } // end class UsingTabs

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70
Outline

UsingTabs.cs
Program Output

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35
 71

13.9 Multiple-Document Interface Windows

• Users can edit multiple documents at once

• Usually more complex then single-document-
interface applications
• Application window called parent, others child
• Parent and child menus can be merged
– Based on MergeOrder property
• Child windows can be arranged in parent window:
– Tiled windows: completely fill parent, no overlap
• Either horizontal or vertical
– Cascaded windows: overlap, same size, display title bar
– ArrangeIcons: arranges icons for minimized windows

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72
13.9 Multiple Document Interface (MDI)
Windows

MDI parent

MDI child

MDI child

Fig. 13.30 MDI parent and MDI child.

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36
 73
13.9 Multiple Document Interface (MDI)
Windows

Single Document Interface (SDI) Multiple Document Interface (MDI)

Fig. 13.31 SDI and MDI forms.

© 2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

74
13.9 Multiple Document Interface (MDI)
Windows
M DI Form e v e nt s a n d De sc rip tio n / De le g a te a n d Ev e n t A rg u m e nt s
p ro p e rtie s
Common MDI Child
Properties
IsMdiChild Indicates whether the Form is an MDI child. If True ,
Form is an MDI child (read-only property).
MdiParent Specifies the MDI parent Form of the child.
Common MDI Parent
Properties
ActiveMdiChild Returns theForm that is the currently active MDI child
(returnsnull if no children are active).
IsMdiContainer Indicates whether a Form can be an MDI. If True , the
Form can be an MDI parent. Default is False .
MdiChildren Returns the MDI children as an array of Form s.

Common Method
LayoutMdi Determines the display of child forms on an MDI parent. Takes
as a parameter an MdiLayout enumeration with possible
ArrangeIcons , Cascade ,
values
TileHorizontal and TileVertical .
Figure 13.35 depicts the effects of these values.
Common Event (Delegate EventHandler, event arguments
EventArgs)
MdiChildActivate Generated when an MDI child is closed or activated.
Fig . 13.32 M D I p a re n t a n d M D I c h ild e v e n ts a n d p ro p e rtie s.

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37
 75
13.9 Multiple Document Interface (MDI)
Windows
Parent’s icons: minimize, Maximized child’s icons: minimize,
maximize and close restore and close

Minimized child’s icons: restore, Parent’s title bar displays

maximize and close maximized child

Fig. 13.33 Minimized and maximized child windows.

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76
13.9 Multiple Document Interface (MDI)
Windows

Separator bar and 9 or more child windows

child windows enables the More
Windows... option

Child windows list

Fig. 13.34 Using MenuItem property MdiList.

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38
 77
13.9 Multiple Document Interface (MDI)
Windows

ArrangeIcons Cascade

Fig. 13.35 LayoutMdi enumeration values (Part 1).

© 2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

78
13.9 Multiple Document Interface (MDI)
Windows

TileHorizontal TileVertical

Fig. 13.35 LayoutMdi enumeration values (Part 2).

© 2002 Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.

39
 79
1 // Fig. 13.36: UsingMDI.cs Outline
2 // Demonstrating use of MDI parent and child windows.
3 using System;
4 using System.Drawing;
5 using System.Collections; UsingMDI.cs
6 using System.ComponentModel;
7 using System.Windows.Forms;
8 using System.Data;
9
10 public class UsingMDI : System.Windows.Forms.Form
11 {
12 private System.Windows.Forms.MainMenu mainMenu1; File menu
13 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem fileMenuItem;
14 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem newMenuItem;
15 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem child1MenuItem; New submenu
16 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem child2MenuItem;
17 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem child3MenuItem;
18 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem exitMenuItem; Exit submenu
19 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem formatMenuItem; Formant menu
20 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem cascadeMenuItem;
21 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem Cascade option
22 tileHorizontalMenuItem;
23 private System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem
24 tileVerticalMenuItem;
25 Tiling options
26 [STAThread]
27 static void Main()
28 {
29 Application.Run( new UsingMDI() );
30 }
31

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80
32 // create Child 1 when menu clicked Outline
33 private void child1MenuItem_Click(
34 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
35 {
36 // create new child UsingMDI.cs
37 Child formChild = new Child( "Child 1",
38 "\\images\\csharphtp1.jpg" );
39 formChild.MdiParent = this; // set parent
40 formChild.Show(); // display child
41 }
42
43 // create Child 2 when menu clicked
44 private void child2MenuItem_Click(
45 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
46 { Create child windows
47 // create new child
48 Child formChild = new Child( "Child 2",
49 "\\images\\vbnethtp2.jpg" );
50 formChild.MdiParent = this; // set parent
51 formChild.Show(); // display child
52 }
53
54 // create Child 3 when menu clicked
55 private void child3MenuItem_Click(
56 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
57 {
58 // create new child
59 Child formChild = new Child( "Child 3",
60 "\\images\\pythonhtp1.jpg" );
61 formChild.MdiParent = this; // set parent
62 formChild.Show(); // display child
63 }
64
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40
 81
65 // exit application Outline
66 private void exitMenuItem_Click(
67 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
68 {
69 Application.Exit(); UsingMDI.cs
70 }
71
72 // set cascade layout
73 private void cascadeMenuItem_Click( Cascade
74 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
75 {
76 this.LayoutMdi( MdiLayout.Cascade );
77 }
78
79 // set TileHorizontal layout
80 private void tileHorizontalMenuItem_Click(
Tile horizontally
81 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
82 {
83 this.LayoutMdi( MdiLayout.TileHorizontal );
84 }
85
86 // set TileVertical layout
87 private void tileVerticalMenuItem_Click( Tile vertically
88 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
89 {
90 this.LayoutMdi( MdiLayout.TileVertical );
91 }
92
93 } // end class UsingMDI

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82
Outline

UsingMDI.cs
Program Output

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41
 83
1 // Fig. 13.37: Child.cs Outline
2 // Child window of MDI parent.
3 using System;
4 using System.Drawing;
5 using System.Collections; Child.cs
6 using System.ComponentModel; Child class
7 using System.Windows.Forms; Create picture box
8 using System.IO;
9
10 public class Child : System.Windows.Forms.Form
11 {
12 private System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox pictureBox;
13
14 public Child( string title, string fileName )
15 {
16 // Required for Windows Form Designer support
17 InitializeComponent();
18
19 Text = title; // set title text Display title
20
21 // set image to display in pictureBox
22 pictureBox.Image = Image.FromFile(
23 Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + fileName );
24 }
25 } Display picture

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84

13.10 Visual Inheritance

• Create Form by inheriting from another Form

– Derived Form inherits functionality of base Form
– Derived Form inherits visual aspects of base Form

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42
 85
1 // Fig. 13.38: VisualInheritance.cs Outline
2 // Base Form for use with visual inheritance
3 using System;
4 using System.Drawing;
5 using System.Collections; VisualInheritanc
6 using System.ComponentModel; e.cs
7 using System.Windows.Forms;
8 using System.Data;
9
10 public class VisualInheritance : System.Windows.Forms.Form
11 {
12 private System.Windows.Forms.Label bugsLabel;
13 private System.Windows.Forms.Button learnMoreButton;
14 private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
15
16 [STAThread]
17 static void Main()
18 {
19 Application.Run( new VisualInheritance() );
20 }
21
22 private void learnMoreButton_Click( object sender,
23 System.EventArgs e )
24 {
Learn More
25 MessageBox.Show( display method
26 "Bugs, Bugs, Bugs is a product of Bug2Bug.com",
27 "Learn More", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
28 MessageBoxIcon.Information );
29 }
30 }

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86
Outline

VisualInheritanc
e.cs
Program Output

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All rights reserved.

43
 87

13.11 User-Defined Controls

Fig. 13.39 Visual Inheritance through the Form Designer.

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88
1 // Fig. 13.40: VisualInheritanceTest.cs Outline
2 // Derived Form using visual inheritance.
3 using System;
4 using System.Collections;
5 using System.ComponentModel;
VisualInheritanc
6 using System.Drawing; eTest.cs
7 using System.Windows.Forms;
8
9 public class VisualInheritanceTest : VisualInheritanceTest class is derived
10 VisualInheritance.VisualInheritance from VisualInheritance class
11 {
12 private System.Windows.Forms.Button learnProgramButton;
13
14 // invoke when user clicks Learn the Program Button
15 private void learnProgramButton_Click( object sender,
16 System.EventArgs e )
Display message box
17 {
18 MessageBox.Show(
19 "This program was created by Deitel & Associates",
20 "Learn the Program", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
21 MessageBoxIcon.Information );
22 }
23
24 public static void Main( string[] args )
25 {
26 Application.Run( new VisualInheritanceTest() );
27 }
28 }

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44
 89
Outline

VisualInheritanc
eTest.cs
Program Output
Derived class
cannot modify Derived class can
these controls modify this control

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90

13.11 User-Defined Controls

• Custom controls that inherit from other classes

– Ex: can change appearance of a label

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45
 91

13.11 User-Defined Controls

C u sto m C o n tro l Te c h n iq u e s a n d D e sc rip tio n

PaintEventArgs Pro p e rtie s
Inherit from Windows Add functionality to a preexisting control. If overriding
Forms control m ethod OnPaint , call base class OnPaint . Can only
add to the original control appearance, not redesign it.

Create a UserControl Create a UserControl com posed of m ultiple

preexisting controls (and com bine their functionality). Cannot
override OnPaint methods of custom controls. Instead,
add drawing code to a Paint event handler. Can only add
to the original control appearance, not redesign it.
Inherit from class Control Define a brand-new control. Override OnPaint m ethod,
call base class method OnPaint and include m ethods to
draw the control. Can customize control appearance and
functionality.
PaintEventArgs Use this object inside method OnPaint or
Properties Paint to draw on the control.
Graphics Indicates the graphics object of control. Used to draw on
control.
ClipRectangle Specifies the rectangle indicating boundary of control.
Fig . 13.41 C u sto m c o n t ro l c re a tio n .

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92
1 // Fig. 13.42: ClockUserControl.cs Outline
2 // User-defined control with a timer and a label.
3
4 using System;
5 using System.Collections; ClockUserControl
6 using System.ComponentModel; .cs
7 using System.Drawing;
8 using System.Data;
9 using System.Windows.Forms;
10
11 public class ClockUserControl
12 : System.Windows.Forms.UserControl
13 {
14 private System.Windows.Forms.Timer clockTimer;
Timer
15 private System.Windows.Forms.Label displayLabel;
16 Label
17 // update label at every tick
18 private void clockTimer_Tick( Update label method
19 object sender, System.EventArgs e )
20 {
21 // get current time (Now), convert to string
22 displayLabel.Text = DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString(); Display current time
23
24 } // end method clockTimer_Tick
25
26 } // end class ClockUserControl

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46
 93

13.11 User-Defined Controls

Fig. 13.43 Custom-control creation.

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94

13.11 User-Defined Controls

Fig. 13.44 Project properties dialog.

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47
 95

13.11 User-Defined Controls

Fig. 13.45 Custom control added to the ToolBox.

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96

13.11 User-Defined Controls

Newly inserted control

New Toolbox icon

Fig. 13.46 Custom control added to a Form.

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48