Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering
Amirkabir J. Civil Eng., 55(7) (2023) 287-290
DOI: 10.22060/ceej.2023.20880.7559
Soil-Structure Interaction Effect on seismic response of Low- and mid-rise steel
moment frames equipped with Pall friction damper
M. Mohammadizadeh 1*, M. Bostani1, E. Farkat1, N. Mohammadizadeh2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran.
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Iran.
ABSTRACT: This research, investigates the behavior of 3, 5, and 8-story steel structures with medium Review History:
bending steel frames in four cases without considering interaction (A), considering interaction (B), Received: Dec. 13, 2021
using damper (C), and in Damper usage mode considering soil and structure interaction (D) and the Revised: Apr. 23, 2023
performance of pal dampers, fragility curve, has been discussed under seven acceleration maps of the Accepted: May, 04, 2023
near-pulse area. The innovation of the research is in the use of a pal friction damper and considering Available Online: Jun. 05, 2023
the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI) to investigate the dynamic and seismic behavior of low
and mid-rise intermediate moment steel. Modeling has been done in ETABS software and Incremental Keywords:
Dynamic Analysis (IDA) by LRFD method in Opensees software. Vulnerability levels introduced in Low steel moment frame
HAZUS MH-MR4 have been used to investigate different failure modes of the models. The studied
pall friction damper
frames with dampers have been subjected to nonlinear analysis in three damping levels 5%, 10%, and
near-fault earthquake
15%. The obtained results showed that: for state (B) in short structures, the order of displacement of
floors remained almost constant and had no difference compared to state (A); But in case (C) it caused incremental dynamic analysis
a decrease in the movement of floors and on the other hand in case (D) the movement of floors has been soil-structure interaction
relatively reduced; And the pattern of displacement reduction in different records is different. Also, the
use of a damper does not affect the amount of base shear of structures, but the amount of base shear has
decreased in structures with more floors.
1- Introduction damage, has led engineers to use energy-absorbing systems
During strong movements of the ground, a lot of energy and the accumulation of damage caused by earthquakes in
enters the structure, and if this energy exceeds its capacity, certain parts of the structure. Among these energy absorbers
it causes damage to the member and ultimately to the entire is the Pal friction damper. The performance of dampers
structure. On the other hand, long-term pulses in near-field depends on various components, such as the characteristics
earthquakes weaken the performance of structures. Several of the soil and the type of ground movement. Generally,
researchers, including MacRae et al. [1], Tothong and Cornell in the analysis of the structure, the soil under the structure
[2], Alavi and Krawinkler [3], Hall, et al. [4], Champion and is assumed to be rigid, if the soil is not rigid, this leads to
Lyle [5], and Özuygur and Norouzinejad [6], the dynamic obtaining results that are far from reality. On the other hand,
response of structures in They investigated the area near the proposal of using the base isolation method in structures
the fault and found out about the effect of earthquakes near was first proposed by an English doctor named Kalantarintz
the fault that the effect of this parameter on the response of in 1909. He suggested using oiled free seams along with a
the structure is that the pulse records near the fault tend to layer of soft sand and silica to move the structure on it to
increase the displacement response in structures compared reduce the force of the earthquake. This proposal was the first
to earthquakes in the far area. This increased displacement example of a seismic-resistant design philosophy, which later
demand can greatly increase structural and non-structural became known as base isolation or seismic structure isolation.
damage. For this reason, the use of energy-consuming systems Today, the building industry has moved towards the use of
in structures to reduce the response of the structure as well as structural seismic control equipment including active, semi-
the damage caused to the components of the structure and active, and passive dampers[7]. The most widely used are
as a result to reduce the damage caused by the earthquake, passive dampers, which have different types such as metallic,
can be an effective solution to deal with the effects of this frictional, and viscous dampers, among which, frictional and
natural phenomenon. The destruction of structures in recent viscoelastic types have received much attention due to their
earthquakes, which has led to much human and financial high ability to dissipate energy.
Copyrights for this article are retained by the author(s) with publishing rights granted to Amirkabir University Press. The content of this article
is subject to the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-NC 4.0) License. For more information,
please visit https://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode.
287
d to
analyzed in Opensees software under incremental
ement
dynamic analysis and then based on the results of
non-
incremental dynamic analysis, the fragility curve is
ergy- M. Mohammadizadeh et al., Amirkabir J. Civil. Eng., 55(7) (2023) 287-290, DOI: 10.22060/ceej.2023.20880.7559
drawn. In the following, to investigate different failure
ponse
modes in the models, the vulnerability levels introduced
o the
in HAZUS MH-MR4 which is shown in Table 1. in different records and this pattern of change was almost
ce the Table 1. Drift ratio between floors for each failure
ective constant. With the increase in damping high-rise structures,
Table1. Drift mode
ratio between floors
according for each failure mode
to HAZUS
atural the shear of the base of the floors decreased with the increase
according to HAZUS
of the damping.
ecent Type Slight Moderate Extensive Complete
and SIL 0.006 0.012 0.030 0.080 4- Conclusions
ergy- SIM 0.004 0.008 0.020 0.053 The results obtained from the incremental dynamic
mage SIH 0.003 0.006 0.015 0.040 analysis showed that mode C reaches the failure level at a
cture. higher spectral acceleration compared to other models, which
iction indicates the performance of the damper in reducing the drift
s on 3. Discussion and Results between floors. Also, the effect of soil and structure interaction
of the on increasing the drift between floors and reaching the failure
in the The
2- performance evaluation of the dampers in structures
Methodology level in lower spectral acceleration has been evident in all
ure is In the
with the number
current of research,
3, 5, and the 8effect
floorsofshowed
Pal damper on
that: in models. As the number of floors increases, the failure level
the fragility
state B in shortcurvestructures,
of structures with the interaction
the displacement of soil
of the floors occurs at a lower spectral acceleration. By examining the
ads to
and structurealmost
remained under the earthquake
constant and near
had the nopulse area is
difference fragility curve in all models, fragility has increased with
other
investigated and it is checked to what
compared to state A; But the use of dampers has extent the damper can increasing Sa(T1,5%), and for lower values of Sa(T1,5%),
od in
improve the fragility curve with soil-structure
reduced the displacement of the floors, on the other interaction the rate of change in the probability of reaching a failure
doctor under state is higher than higher values of Sa(T1, 5%) is In all
oiled hand, various acceleration
the displacement maps.
of the floorsIn has
thebeenpresent study,
relatively
considering the 3, 5, and 8-story two-dimensional medium models, the probability of low failure occurs at lower values
ica to reduced in structures with mode D. Also, the pattern of
bending steel frame, under seven accelerometers near the of Sa(T1,5%), and moderate, extensive and general failure
f the displacement reduction in different records has been states occur at higher values of Sa(T1,5%), respectively. The
type pulse, the behavior of the structure in four states without
of a different, which
considering is due to the
the interaction (A),different frequency
considering content
the interaction results also indicate that as the number of floors increases, the
came of the records. With the increase
(B), Using the damper (C) and in the mode of using the in the number of probability of failure increases.
ation. floors, considering
damper the impact the value of the damping
interaction of the soileffects
and thehas been
structure
almost constant; however, in structures with more References
he use (D) has been investigated. Each model is first modeled in
floors, mode Busing has the
increased [1] C.A. Goulet, T. Kishida, T.D. Ancheta, C.H. Cramer,
ctive, ITBS software LRFD the displacement
method of floors;in
and then analyzed
the amount of increase depends on the type of records. R.B. Darragh, W.J. Silva, Y.M. Hashash, J. Harmon,
widely Opensees software under incremental dynamic analysis and
G.A. Parker, J.P. Stewart, PEER NGA-east database,
types The based
then increase on inthedamping
results of in incremental
short-story structures did not
dynamic analysis,
Earthquake Spectra, 37(1_suppl) (2021) 1331-1353.
mong the fragility
have much curve
effectison drawn. In the following,
the displacement to investigate
of floors, but in
different [2] P. Tothong, C.A. Cornell, Structural performance
eived high-risefailure modes in the
structures, themodels, the vulnerability
displacement levels
of floors
introduced in HAZUS MH-MR4 which is shown in Table 1. assessment under near-source pulse-like ground motions
sipate decreased with the increase in damping. The results of
using advanced ground motion intensity measures,
the nonlinear dynamic analysis show that the use of the Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 37(7)
3- Discussion
damper has and Results
no effect on the base shear value of the
The performance evaluation of the dampers in structures (2008) 1013-1037.
with the number of 3, 5, and 8 floors showed that: in state B [3] B. Alavi, H. Krawinkler, Behavior of moment-resisting
2 frame structures subjected to near-fault ground motions,
in short structures, the displacement of the floors remained
almost constant and had no difference compared to state A; Earthquake engineering & structural dynamics, 33(6)
But the use of dampers has reduced the displacement of the (2004) 687-706.
floors, on the other hand, the displacement of the floors has [4] J.F. Hall, T.H. Heaton, M.W. Halling, D. Wald, Near-
been relatively reduced in structures with mode D. Also, the source ground motion and its effects on flexible buildings,
pattern of displacement reduction in different records has Earthquake Spectra, 11(4) (1995) 569-605.
been different, which is due to the different frequency content [5] C. Champion, A. Liel, The effect of near-fault directivity
of the records. With the increase in the number of floors, the on building seismic collapse risk, Earthquake Engineering
impact value of the damping effects has been almost constant; Structural Dynamics, 41(10) (2012) 1391-1409.
however, in structures with more floors, mode B has increased [6] A.R. Özuygur, E. Noroozinejad Farsangi, Influence
the displacement of floors; the amount of increase depends on of pulse-like near-fault ground motions on the base-
the type of records. The increase in damping in short-story isolated buildings with LRB devices, Practice Periodical
structures did not have much effect on the displacement of on Structural Design and Construction, 26(4) (2021)
floors, but in high-rise structures, the displacement of floors 04021027.
decreased with the increase in damping. The results of the
[7] F. Sardari, M. Dehkordi, M. Eghbali, D. Samadian,
nonlinear dynamic analysis show that the use of the damper
Practical seismic retrofit strategy based on reliability
has no effect on the base shear value of the structures, but the
and resiliency analysis for typical existing steel school
base shear value has also increased in structures with more
buildings in Iran, International Journal of Disaster Risk
floors. In structures with mode D, the base shear is reduced.
Reduction, 51 (2020) 101890.
It should be noted that the amount of base cut was different
288
M. Mohammadizadeh et al., Amirkabir J. Civil. Eng., 55(7) (2023) 287-290, DOI: 10.22060/ceej.2023.20880.7559
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
M. Mohammadizadeh, M. Bostani, E. Farkat, N. Mohammadizadeh, Soil-Structure Interac-
tion Effect on seismic response of Low- and mid-rise steel moment frames equipped with Pall
friction damper, Amirkabir J. Civil Eng., 55(7) (2023) 287-290.
DOI: 10.22060/ceej.2023.20880.7559
289
Th
is
pa
ge
in
te
nt
io
na
lly
le
ft
bl
an
k
