UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST

Manila
College of Computer Studies and Systems

04/25/2022

This is to certify that the manuscript entitled SMART CAR

PARKING RESERVATION SYSTEM FOR ESTABLISHMENTS, by
the following students:

MR. JOSHUA K. DULCE

MR. CLARENCE JAMES M. ISIDRO
MR. DIEGO A. MAPILE
MR. DIONNE PHILIP A. MIGUEL

in compliance for the thesis defense is found to be complete and

checked by the undersigned.

PROF. MARC RODIN C. LIGAS

Adviser

1
 CHAPTER CONTENT FOR BSIT

Smart Car Parking

Reservation System for Establishments

A Software Proposal
Presented to the
Faculty of the College of Computer Studies and Systems
University of the East, Manila

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree in
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

By
Dulce, Joshua
Isidro, Clarence James
Miguel, Dionne Philip
Mapile, Diego

April 18, 2022

2
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE
Title Page .......................................................................................................... 1
Table of Contents.............................................................................................. 2

List of Tables ................................................................................................... 2

Table Normalization of the System ................................................................. 39
Constraints and Assumptions ......................................................................... 40
Gantt Chart (Merit and Capstone) ................................................................... 39
Five Point Scale System ................................................................................. 40

List of Figures ................................................................................................. 2

Flowchart of the system (Client(left), Admin (Right))...................................... 11
Entity Relationship Diagram of the System ..................................................... 12
Level 0 DFD of the Existing System................................................................ 13
Level-1 DFD of the Existing System ............................................................... 14
Level -1 DFD Continuation .............................................................................. 15
Architectural Design of the OVPRS ................................................................ 16
OVPRS System Login..................................................................................... 17
OVPRS Web Application in Firefox ................................................................. 18
Free parking space time search evaluation chart ........................................... 19
Architecture of RSPS ...................................................................................... 21
Integrated Security and Automation Inc. Parking System ............................... 22
Prototyping Model ........................................................................................... 26
Smart Car Parking Reservation System Framework....................................... 29
Context Diagram of the developed System..................................................... 31
Diagram 0 of the developed System ............................................................... 33
Child Diagram of Process 1: Login and Sign-Up process ............................... 36
E-R Diagram of the developed System ........................................................... 38

3
PERT Diagram (Merit) .................................................................................... 44
PERT Diagram (Capstone) ............................................................................. 44

Chapters
1. PROJECT OVERVIEW
Project Background ................................................................................ 5
Objectives of the Project ........................................................................ 5
Statement of Work ................................................................................. 6

▪ Scope of the Project .................................................................... 6

▪ Modules………………………………………………………………..7

▪ List of Deliverables ...................................................................... 9

2. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND RELATED SYSTEMS

System Description…………………………………………………………...10

Review of Existing System……………………………………………….....10

Review of Related Studies and/or Systems ……………………………..16

Operational Definition of Terms............................................................ 25

3. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY

Software Design and Development Approach...................................... 26

▪ Software Process Model............................................................ 26

▪ System Framework.................................................................... 31

▪ Process Flow (DFD) .................................................................. 31

▪ E-R Diagram and Table Normalization ...................................... 38

Constraints and Assumptions............................................................... 40
Project Schedule .................................................................................. 43
Testing and Evaluation Procedure ....................................................... 45

4
Bibliography .................................................................................................. 46
Appendices ................................................................................................... 48
• Gathered Documents
• Approved Letter of Intent / Letter of Interview
• Interview Guide/Transcript of Interview
• Hi-Fidelity prototype
• Latest TurnIt in results
• Survey Instruments
• Others

5
Chapter 1 – PROJECT OVERVIEW

Project Background
Parking spaces have always been a hassle to occupy and utilize whenever
we have that situati on we need to use it, driving through and having the need to
check every space of which is available and not can be a time consuming and
inconvenience to car owners and drivers. Our project would like to address and
produce a possible solution by using a mobile app for car parking reservations,
with the latest and modern developed technology and devices today, it is possible
now to introduce a car parking system which is mobile based that could suit for
drivers’ convenience. Using a system to help you check if your selected establish-
ment has a vacant space, paying through your preferred e-wallet, you may make
your reservation as quick as possible.

We have started and had the idea of developing a car parking reservation
system due to the fact that most of the time drivers deal with a lot of stress already
before searching and getting a parking space available for their vehicle to be used.
Going to an establishment to just to find out there are not any vacant spaces left,
also wasting time. The project promotes having a more convenient way of parking
through the developed system which could make car parking easier.

Objectives of the Project

General Objective
The general objective of this project is to make a more convenient
and easier way of car parking by means of accessing the establishment
space online and having your space reserved for you without the hassle of
actually searching or looking for an empty car space

Specific Objectives
• To develop a system for establishments with car parking
venues that serves as the reservation application, giving ease

6
 to many car owners who have trouble with searching and
occupying a parking space for their vehicle.

• To develop a prototype which will showcase the features of

basic reservation for online smart car parking

Statement of Work

Scope of the Project

A smart car parking reservation system for establishment has its cer-
tain boundaries, and limitations that cannot be reached. Like being able to
detect or scan an entire city or town for an establishment where you can
check for parking spaces available currently, rather than being a scanner
app itself, it is more concentrated on being an app that would give you the
information about the parking space you have searched and desire. It func-
tions somewhat as an application where you can enter a specific establish-
ment in the search bar and then you will see results of where or not there
are parking spaces available within the said establishment picked. There
are also no sales page available for viewing the current revenue for each
establishment.

The clients will be able to view their profile within the system when
they’re logged in, which can also be done if the user is an admin or em-
ployee. Alternative Sign In methods are also available to select if in case
the user does not choose to register normally within the system. After suc-
cessfully creating account the user will be led to a confirmation page that it
has been created and ready for use.

Once logged in by users, they may view the user page which will
notify them of their reservation ID, alongside the user page is a sidebar
which has various pages or options for the user to select from. An edit user
profile page is also provided just in case the user has something to edit or
change within their profile.

7
 Employees or Admins have advanced access to the system and its
elements, editing and approval of reservations will be processed by them.
Being able to manage multiple users and the slots available within the es-
tablishments.

The database will also be developed by the researchers so we may

record and keep track of the ongoing processes.

Modules:

Main dashboard:

- This module will be shown by the system that has a login selec-
tion for either employee or client.

Login Module:

- Login Module shows up once the user has selected their respec-
tive account type to login within the system.

Sign Up Module:

- For this module, it will be directed to Sign Up Page when the user
has no account to use for the system.

Other Sign in Methods Module:

- This module provides alternatives for signing in within the system.

Account Created Module:

- Account created module confirms that your account has been

registered and completed.

User Module:

- User module contains important information of the user.

User Sidebar:

- shows several options for user

8
Reservation Verified Module:

- Verified module confirms that your reservation has been ap-

proved and verified.

Report Module:

- Report module is where users may provide their issues within the
system to report.

Edit Profile Module:

- Edit module provides or remove elements of your profile in this

page.

Admin/Employee Module:

- Admin/Employee modules display current statuses and ongoing

parking.

Reservation List Module:

- Reservation modules will have previous, and current reserved

slots are displayed within the list.

User Details Module:

- Details module will be accessed through reservation list which

displays important information of the user.

Pending List Module:

- Currently pending reservations that have yet to be approved.

Announcement Module:

- Recent activities are displayed within this module.

Admin Sidebar:

- Similar to user sidebar several options that the Admin can choose
to go to.

9
 Manage User Module:

- Editing user page which can be deleted are accessed through

this module.

List of Deliverables

• User Manual – Manual will contain a detailed step by step

guide to assist clients and employees to navigate through the
application.

• System Output – The main product of the developed by the

researchers that is functional and can select, check which
spaces can be parked, also paying through the said system
via gcash or credit card.

• User Interface accessible through mobile devices – Interface

to be seen and navigated through by clients and employees
once they have accessed the system.

10
Chapter 2 – ANALYSIS OF EXISTING AND RELATED SYSTEMS

This chapter presents the data flow diagram of the Smart Car Parking Res-

ervation System. It also shows the strengths and weaknesses of the system. As

well as its opportunities and threats that it may encounter. The definition of terms

used is also provided in this chapter.

Review of Existing System

Smart Car Parking Reservation System

Smart Car Parking Reservation system is a system resembling an online

vehicle parking reservation system which is according to Shem,S, S.Park and S.

Hong (2006) is a web-based used to reserve a park and data processing system.

The difference of a Smart Car Parking Reservation system and an Online Vehicle

Parking Reservation System (OVPRS) is the accessibility of the application from

the mobile phone which is not present in an OVPRS. Smart Car Parking System

will be ported as an application that can be accessed through mobile devices. The

system provides assistance in terms of reserving a parking space while the user is

travelling or will travel to the destination. A system requirement for the efficient use

of Smart Car Parking Reservation System is a processor of Snapdragon 710 or

above, Memory of 4 Gb RAM and 64 Gb Storage and a 6 Inches FHD+ display.

11
 Figure 1: Flowchart of the system (Client(left), Admin(Right))

Users of the web application include; Clients and system administrator.

When a client comes to the system (Web application), he/she is able to book a

parking lot, parking place available and reserved, to read the FAQ, about us with-

out registration or signing in and he/she can create an account on the system by

registering through providing his/her full name, email, password, if he/she is an

existing user he can just sign in using his/her email address and password. What

system administrator are able to do on the system he/she is able to manage all

users in the web

15 application such as add a new user, update, delete a user, to view the detail

information of client, managing parking lot information such as booking, updating,

viewing different type of parking (car park,trailer park,lorry park) ,cancel the

12
booking and also managing the system administrator setting. The logged in user

can update his/her password by providing the current password and can log off the

system.

Figure 2: Entity Relationship Diagram of the System

13
Data Flow Diagram

Figure 3: Level 0 DFD of the Existing System

The diagram above shows the level 0 of the data flow diagram of the exist-

ing system. The user serves as the first entity which the system will accept the

user ID from. After the user have given their user ID, it will then be processed to

collect the user information and details that the ID is referenced from and by this

information, an update to the parking status from the parking slot data store will

initiate processing the parking slot taken and the parking fee to be sent to the user

and to be comply. The user information will also be updated in the process and will

reflect to their interface after the update of the parking data store.

14
 Figure 4: Level-1 DFD of the Existing System

The Figure above shows the log in process of the entity user. A request for

logging in will first received by the system from the user once the request was

verified, the login information of the user will then reflect on the user’s interface

and will be processed into the user details from the user data store. The system

will use the processed user details to view the current parking data to the user from

the last time the user has logged in. The viewing of the parking data will continu-

ously update once the user is active and logged in.

15
 Figure 5: Level -1 DFD Continuation

The Figure 5 above shows the summary process of booking and registration

of the existing system. The user ID from the user is used as a basis for the regis-

tration which will be processed by the system. Once the ID was processed, the

requested parking to allot and the unique ID from the user will be recorded to the

database. The database will release the user details integrated with the granted

information requested by the user in the registration process and will be updated

in the log in details once the user decided to access their account in the future.

16
Review of Related Studies/System

Online vehicle parking reservation system, A case study: people’s park

Kyebando, Kampala Uganda

Figure 6: Architectural Design of the OVPRS

The Online Vehicle Parking Reservation System (OVPRS) is a system that

enables customers/drivers to reserve a parking space. It also allows he custom-

ers/drivers to view the parking status at kyebando people’s park. It was developed

because the congestion and collision of the vehicle, the system was developed for

Kyebando People’s Park located in Kyebando Therefore the project aimed at solv-

ing such problems by designing a web-based system that will enable the custom-

ers/drivers to make a reservation of available parking space at people’s park.

17
 The requirements for the developed system were collected using observa-

tion and interviewing the customer and staff member from Kyebando people’s

park. The data from interviews was analyzed using Microsoft Excel so as to come

up with the functional, non-functional and system requirements. These require-

ments were later used to design the system by creating data flow diagrams and

entity relationship diagrams. The designed system was implemented using differ-

ent development tools which include HTML for creating interfaces, CSS for

styling wed pages ,JavaScript, and Jquery for dynamism in the web pages and

as an input validation tool.XAMMP was used to build the database and PHP used

as a server side scripting language to connect the user interfaces to the database.

The system was tested by the researchers for errors. A system requirement of

OVPRS requires a currently supported version of Microsoft internet explorer or

Firefox. Access to confidential data in OVPRS is secured using 12 bit secure

socket layers (SSL) ORS also requires cookies’ and scripting of java applets to be

enabled.

Figure 7: OVPRS System Login

18
 Figure 8: OVPRS Web Application in Firefox

Smart Parking Applications and Its Efficiency

In the study by Kalašová, Cul ˇ ík, Poliak and Otahálová (2021), The grow-

ing urban population and deteriorating traffic congestion make parking solutions

essential. Many sources show that cities around the world are solving parking

problems. Thanks to information and communication technologies, we can im-

prove the state of city parking with various applications. It means that parking prob-

lems no longer need to be addressed not only by building new parking spaces but

also by making better use of existing ones thanks to modern technologies and the

Internet of Things. With the development of technology, smart devices are becom-

ing more common in everyday life. The development of devices that can connect

to the Internet and transmit data has been a source of inspiration for smart city

designs. The common problem in our cities is the difficulty of finding free parking

slots. The parking problem causes traffic to congest and people who go to work

19
spend time looking for a place. Today, cities are responsible for more than 75% of

waste production, 80% of emissions, and 75% of energy utilization. Furthermore,

some drivers, frustrated by the lack of parking spaces, often use the parking spots

reserved for people with special needs, such as the disabled, with negative social

impacts. In such a complex environment, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

can mitigate these problems, thus improving transportation sustainability by con-

trolling systems more efficiently, facilitating behavioral changes and reducing fuel

consumption. The intelligent parking system with guidance to a free parking space

can improve the traffic situation in cities. Drivers find a free parking space faster,

which reduces congestion and various other negative externalities. On the other

hand, the system has high acquisition costs and other problems.

Figure 9: Free parking space time search evaluation chart

20
Reservation-Based Smart Parking System (RSPS)

According to Wang (2011), In metropolitan areas, parking management in-

fluences drivers search time and cost for parking spaces, parking revenue, and

traffic congestion. The wide deployment of wireless parking meters with sensing

and communications capabilities allows the parking authority to monitor the state

of each parking space in real time and optimize the parking management. Further-

more, we design and implement a prototype of Reservation-based Smart Parking

System (RSPS) that allows drivers to effectively find and reserve the vacant park-

ing spaces. With the real time tracking of parking status via various sensing tech-

nologies, a smart parking system will dynamically update the parking price accord-

ing to the physical parking status, and the parking price will affect drivers decision

on parking slot selection, therefore, affect the parking status. A smart parking sys-

tem can be regarded as a full-fledged cyber-physical system (CPS).

Figure 10: Architecture of RSPS

21
Intelligent Revenue Car Parking System

Intelligent Revenue Car Parking System is a management of a lot area to

produce real-time and good profit by using automated and secured parking system

facility at each entry and exit point of the parking area. Revenue parking system

generates profit by charging corresponding amount to every vehicle owner uses

the parking facility or area. The system composes of both hardware and software

equipment. It is a complete system for managing pay to park facilities, for both

occasional and registered parkers. The system can be configured with one or

more, either in manual or automatic, cash registers on multi-level facilities with

signage showing occupancy counts. It is becoming more and more popular as so-

lutions to traffic issues within large and small urban centres alike.

Figure 11: Integrated Security and Automation Inc. Parking System

22
Parking Systems in the Philippines

According to Elid Technology (2018), Most parking systems we have in the

Philippines are of the conventional. They’ve been around since the invention of

cars and the one we’re most familiar with. They are often in the form of large park-

ing lots or multi-level parking garages like the ones we use in malls and high-rise

buildings are all conventional car parking systems.

Conventional car parking systems can be constructed in many different

ways Some are built just to provide parking spaces. Others are aimed to beautify

the environment and those usually cost a lot more. There are also conventional

car parks that offer protection from the rain and sun’s rays. There are many bene-

fits to this type of parking system. One is that there’s little need for a power supply

since the only energy requirement is the lighting. And since they can function with-

out energy, they won’t be hampered by power failures. They’re also operational

around the clock and are extremely reliable. There are also downsides, of course,

and one, in particular, is something all drivers face on a day-to-day basis – the

search for a free car park or a parking slot. From a construction standpoint, con-

ventional car parks are also not very desirable because they require a lot of space.

And that is one resource that we are slowly but surely running out of.

Automated car parking systems offer lots of benefits which is why they are

considered to be the future of parking. The biggest advantage they have is the fact

that they are uniquely space efficient. They vertically stack cars using the least

amount of space needed in order to accommodate as many cars as possible. Ad-

ditionally, thanks to the absence of passengers, the parking spaces don’t have to

23
be as wide and there is no need for pedestrian footpaths, staircases, walkways,

and ramps.

APS also solves the biggest problem we have with conventional parking

spaces which it the difficulty of looking for an available parking space. With an

APS, parking is as easy as entering a garage and stepping out of your car. The

rest of the work is done mechanically and you can guarantee that your car will be

stored somewhere safe.

Status of Parking in the Philippines

According to the study “Comparison of On-Street Parking Management In

Ermita-Malate Manila And Makati Central Business District” done by A. Bulactial,

MW. Garcia, J. Valdez, F. Dizon and G. Guesta (2012), Two of the busiest areas

in Metro Manila are Ermita-Malate and Makati CBD. These areas have various

business establishments, institutions, malls, and restaurants that people are mak-

ing trips to for their transactions or to spend their leisure time. Parking facilities are

provided in these areas which can either be off-street or on-street. On-street park-

ing facilities are properly managed and maintained in Makati CBD with Makati

Parking Authority (MaPA). Sufficient parking slots for vehicles, motorcycles, and

food trailers, among others are provided in Makati CBD. However, on-street park-

ing in Ermita-Malate is not efficiently used. People in Ermita Malate tend to park

on-street that is prohibited in some areas. Aside from the possible disruption to the

flow of vehicular traffic, improper on-street parking can also cause several acci-

dents. Parking management is essential so that the flow of traffic would not be

24
totally disrupted. Parking rules and laws should be followed to ensure safety

among the drivers and passengers inside the vehicle. Due to the lack of off-street

parking and improper on-street parking management in Ermita-Malate area, driv-

ers tend to park along the streets improperly, which will cause traffic congestion.

This solidifies the need of a vehicle parking management system which con-

tributes to the improvement of parking quality in the Philippines, not only that it

lessen the congestion of spaces but also to create an opportunity for the establish-

ments to improve their parking slots and spaces referenced to the data that was

gathered from the system in use.

Operational Definition of Terms

Automated Parking System (APS) - is a mechanical system that moves vehicles

from the car park entry straight to an available parking space. It makes use of

robotic platforms or arms and lift systems to stack cars on top of each other.

Cyber-Physical System (CPS) - It refers to a new generation of systems with

integrated computation and communication capabilities that allow users to interact

with the physical world.

Online Vehicle Parking Reservation System (OVPRS) - web-based used to re-

serve a park and data processing system.

25
Secure Socket Layers (SSL) – it is the standard technology for keeping an inter-

net connection secure and safeguarding any sensitive data that is being sent be-

tween two systems, preventing criminals from reading and modifying any infor-

mation transferred, including potential personal details.

Intelligent Transportation Systems - is a combination of leading-edge infor-

mation and communication technologies used in transportation and traffic man-

agement systems to improve the safety, efficiency, and sustainability of transpor-

tation networks, to reduce traffic congestion and to enhance drivers' experiences.

26
Chapter 3 – SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the software development approach that was used as a

guide in creating this project. This chapter includes the Software Design and Development

Approach, System Framework, Data Flow Diagram of the Automated System, Entity

Relationship Diagram, Table Normalization, Constraints and Assumptions, Project

Schedule, and Testing and Evaluation Procedures.

Software Design and Development Approach

▪ Software Process Model

Figure 12: Prototyping Model

The Prototyping Model is a variation of the waterfall model that adds a new

phase, prototyping. These prototypes intend to reduce risk by building a quick and

27
dirty replica or mockup of the intended system. It can be used to demonstrate tech-

nical feasibility when the technical risk is high. It can also be used to better under-

stand and elicit user requirements. In either case, the goal is to reduce risk and

limit costs by increasing understanding of proposed solutions before committing

more resources.

In relation to the process that the developer will use to produce a Smart

Car Parking Reservation System, creating a prototype will be the safest way to test

and apply features that are required for the functionality and Identity of the system.

The Prototyping Model is also a user-friendly approach as it was an alteration of

the waterfall model meaning surface level programming will not hinder the devel-

opment of the software itself but on a prototype.

Analyze

On first step of the model which is Analyze, resembling the step in the wa-

terfall model. Requirements for the software design, features and functionality will

be captured. Once the statement of requirements is clear, it will then be applied

and tested on a prototype which will receive all updates and fixes needed to be

polished. This is important because of how the model is structured, there will be

no repeating of steps as it goes deeper in the process.

28
Prototype and Design

Once the prototype is done and tested, the implementation of design will

take place. The applied features from the prototype will be the basis of the design,

interfaces from the front end and organization of the coding will be highlighted in

this step before implementing to the software meaning the design and the coded

features will be connected and should work as one.

Implementing

In this phase, the coding of the software will start. Selecting the appropriate

language for the application to be used will be decided by the proponents. The

language should must convenient and suitable for the developers as it will deter-

mine the overall functionality of the system. This step should tie the functionality of

the design and the coded features for a smooth interaction and favorable interface

for the users.

Testing

After the implementation of the structure and the entirety of the system, an

extensive testing of the functions will be conducted to avoid bugs and minor tech-

nical problems. During this testing, verification of the functions will also be listed to

avoid cluttered information and focus on separate tasks that needed attention.

Once the software testing is done, setting up of the system will take place for the

deployment which will be inspected for the last time.

29
 Maintain

After a successful deployment of the system, maintenance will be

conducted to interfere the bottlenecking of information, implement important
and regular updates for the quality of system to user interactions, patches
and hotfixes for the continuous usage of the software.

▪ System Framework

Figure 13: Smart Car Parking Reservation System Framework

30
 Displayed above is the System Framework for the developed system
which illustrates the flow and structure of the car parking system, in the di-
agram, each task and task is display with the idea of their execution. Each
task is vital to the application and will have effects once it has been accom-
plished.

Employees of the Establishment will hold and manage the infor-

mation through the application where they can register or login with their
respective input, once inside they have full control of all the parking spaces
within the establishment if it is taken or not. The list of clients are also in
their hold and will be able to modify them which will affect the database once
applied.

Clients are also able to login in the application or register, when using
the application, once inside they will be able to search for their desired es-
tablishment and will proceed to receive results for any vacant parking
spaces within the selected establishment. After confirming their choice of
parking space, clients are notified by the employees from the establishment
if their request for reservation has been progressed and ready for taking.

Payment methods include g-cash or perhaps other variations of e-

wallets that could be detected by the application, upon picking a parking
space payment is immediately required in order to acquire the desired
space quickly as it may be timed and will expire when it has not been paid
for long enough.

31
 Context Diagram

Figure 14: Context Diagram of the developed System

In the figure above which is called the Context Diagram, here is displayed

the processes in which entity they bypass or where they come from before reach-

ing the destination of the given data which is processed through the system.

The User entity is one of the many sources of input data and also the most

output data which will produce into the system, due to the user being the most

active and utilizes the majority of the functions for the system. First they must con-

firm they are a user by logging in, or perhaps could sign up if user is new to the

system. Once done, they will be able to use the basic functions like viewing Res-

ervation Info, and check their user info if they are done reserving and selecting a

vehicle parking space to occupy. After confirming their reservation, they may set

32
their time in to which exact time they have occupied and used the parking space,

after using their allotted time users are also required to input their time out once

they finish their using the parking space. Once the system has received and re-

viewed the information input by the user they are processed to send to the user

again as verification data, for example their respective approved slot, reservation

ID, Account Update, Payment Status, and their Verified Info.

When the users have confirmed to avail a parking space slot, they are to

pay using gcash and provide their cellphone number plus payment receipt.

Admins or Employees are the ones who will supervise and approve input

data by users which will be processed when data suffices, this includes the reser-

vation request confirmation which will go through the system for the Admins and

Employees to receive updates of the reservation. Payment Details and Status will

also be processed first before they receive receipt and actual payment.

33
 Diagram 0

Figure 15: Diagram 0 of the developed System

34
 In the Figure 12 above shows the different processes within the application,

the first process is the logging in and signing up of the user to the application. The

application asks for the login Info from the entity user which will then be processed

into the user account master file to verify if the information inserted by the user. In

terms of signing up, the user will be also asked for their information by creating

their account and verifying its details which will be saved into to the user master

file, the process of signing up for an account can also be linked by your existing

email specifically through Gmail. This process will be illustrated in the child dia-

gram for logging in and signing up. The second process is the reservation process.

In this process, the reservation information and user information will be collected

from the user which will be processed by the application to be validated by the

admin/employee with user master file and reservation master file. Once the reser-

vation request from the user is verified by the admin/employee, the user will re-

ceive a reservation ID which confirms that the request was granted.

The process three is about the status updates. By receiving the reservation

ID, updates on the available slots/spaces and user status updates will reflect on

the user master file which will then be reflected on the application update for both

the user and the admin/employee. A notification will be given to the user to proceed

in the slot reserved. The fourth process is the time-in process, this process starts

the actual reservation process wherein the user’s reservation ID and Car will be

inspected by the employee who will assist the user to locate their exact parking

location, the admin/employee will then be recording the time-in of the user through

the up which will then be updated to reservation master file to reflected on the

35
reservation list of the admin/employee. The next process is the time out process,

once the user decided to leave the reserved premises, a status update for both

user and reservation master file will take place. Once the both master files are

updated, sixth process will then initiate, this process summarizes the data from the

two master files which will be illustrated to the admin. The admin will then proceed

to appoint the payment details to be processed as a payment status for the user

to comply.

The process of payment which is the seventh process will initiate after the user

complied to the payment needed, the payment will then be process through GCash

through the contact number and amount of the payment from the user. Once

Gcash confirms the payment, a receipt will be given to the user and the admin/em-

ployee for the payment received. The admin will then confirm the payment to be

sufficient and will proceed to the eight process which is the final updates. Updates

will be conducted to the master files to solidify the proof of payment and a status

update to the user on their recent reservation lists.

36
 Child Diagrams

Figure 16: Child Diagram of Process 1: Login and Sign-Up process

In this figure, it shows about the child diagram of Process 1: Login and Sign-

Up process. Process 1.1 includes the processing of user information by collecting

the inputted data from the user, the logging in and signing up option is divided. The

process 1.2 is focused on the signing up of the user, a sign-up option is also ap-

plicable which is the use information from Gmail of the user. User will then need to

verify their email after they fill up their information or to agree to the use of their

information. Process 1.3 is the continuation of process 1.2 to complete the signing-

up process. The user is required to input their car information for the validity of the

information and for ease of gathering information during the reservation process.

The process 1.4 is to collate all the information from the process 1.2 and 1.3 as a

new user data, if the data conflicts with an already existing data, the process of

creating a new user account will be terminated. But once there is no conflict in the

37
stored information from the user master file and the new collected data, this will

verify the new user data and store it to the master file. In the process of logging in,

once the log in information is collected, process 1.4 will handle the verification of

the inputted data referenced from the user master file. Once the information

matches, the user master file will then release the user homepage status for both

new account or existing user depending on the what process the user have taken.

38
 E-R DIAGRAM

Figure 17: E-R Diagram of the developed System

The figure above is an E-R Diagram of our project, the diagram starts off by

the customer using the Smart Car Parking App looking for an available parking

space, if there is an available space the Smart Car Parking App then sends a res-

ervation containing the customer’s details, and car information. After a reservation

is sent by the Smart Car Parking App, the employee will verify the reservation

made and will be relayed back to the Smart Car Parking app. Then the Smart Car

Parking app confirms the reservation and sends it to the customer providing the

Vehicle Status, Time, Reports and Car Parking ID.

39
 Table Normalization

Table 1: Table Normalization of the System

The figure above shows the Table Normalization of our project. It consists

of 5 tables containing their own Primary Keys. The first table shows the Customer

Table with the Customer ID being the Primary Key. The second table shows the

Car Table and the Plate Number being the Primary Key. The third table is the

Smart Car Parking App with the Parking Space Location being the Primary Key.

The fourth table is the Employee Table with the Employee ID being the Primary

Key. And the last table, the Reservation Table with the Parking ID being the Pri-

mary Key.

40
Constraints and Assumptions (5 M’s and T)

Constraints Assumptions

Budget The proponents should have the financial

capability for the completion of the project

Time The proponents should finish this project

within the given time frame.

Resources from the proponents should be

Resources available and sufficient to be used in this
project. Said resources are people, funds,
softwares and devices.

Skills The proponents are capable of doing the

tasks at hand. Each member will contrib-
ute their respective skills in-order to com-
plete each task.

Table 2: Constraints and Assumptions

BUDGET

The Budget is considered to be one of the restraints because financial capabil-

ity is needed for the project to add additional features and to complete the over-

all structure of the system. A fair distribution of funds for the project and ability

to control its uses is needed for the completion of the project and to avoid fi-

nancial burden.

TIME

The System is required to be finished in a limited timeframe thus affecting

the effectivity and efficiency of the features to be added. The UI portrayed to

41
 the phone might be non-responsive as it needed extensive amount of testing

which is only limited to the provided timeframe. Because of this, proponents

should be able to manage their time efficiently and the division of workload

should be applied to finish tasks without putting too much pressure on one

member.

RESOURCES

Lack of additional software needed to create a feature that will certainly im-

prove the application to user interactions is one of the constraints that needed at-

tention. Fail to comply on the resources needed mean that the project will be put

into a halt and will not reach the deployment.

SKILLS

Lack of hands-on skills for the application to seamlessly work is considered

to be a constraint because it will result an inefficiency of the methods applied

systematically to the application hindering its full capabilities and better access.

The skills of the proponents should work together as each one fills the weak-

ness of one another for the project to be finished. Improving each other’s skills

will certainly help reduce the time of work to be complete.

42
Assumptions

The given timeframe for this study and for the development of the applica-

tion will be sufficient enough to be finished and seamlessly work upon presentation

and deployment, the user interface will also be user-friendly and complete once

the testing is done. The period of testing will be sufficient enough to solidify the

capabilities of the application, bugs and exploits will not be present once limit test-

ing to the system is done.

The budget for the project will cover all the software and other materials

needed for the completion of the project. Application of skills from the developers

is adequate to the tasks at hand which leads to the production of a reliable mobile

application with congenial system to user interactions.

43
Project Schedule

Table 3: Gantt Chart (Merit and Capstone)

44
 Figure 18: PERT Diagram (Merit)

Figure 19: PERT Diagram (Capstone)

45
Testing and Evaluation Procedure

• Steps in conducting the testing

The proponents will be conducting the testing of the mobile applica-

tion, it will be presented and tested to car users and an assigned employee

by the proponents through a designated mobile device. After the presenta-

tion of the application, an evaluation form will be both given to both users to

be filled up.

The testing of the application will be the first process of the procedure

starting mainly on the user’s perspective, the features and modules of the

user interface of the user side will undergo extensive testing until the client’s

satisfactory of the system is met. Once the user side is done, the admin side

of the application will undergo testing as well to analyze if the requirements

is met and the connection of the user to admin is functional.

• Clients that should test the system

The developed mobile application will be tested and evaluated by inter-

viewed car owners and employees in the management of car parking of

malls. The application will be tested by the following: one (1) administrator

for the admin module, five (5) car users and four (4) students who are taking

up IT for the user module.

46
 • Evaluation Instrument

An evaluation will be conducted to the specific users to test the con-

tent, functionality, availability, reliability, and maintainability of the devel-

oped system. It was tested using the Five Point Scale System in rating that

is shown in the table below.

Rating Range Verbal Interpretation

5 .51 - 5.00 High Acceptable

4 .51 - 4.50 Acceptable

3 .51 - 3.50 Moderately Acceptable

2 .51 - 2.50 Slightly Acceptable

1 1.00 - 1.50 Not Acceptable

Table 4: Five Point Scale System

The table shows criteria for the evaluation, it will be given to the direct user

of the Smart Car Parking Reservation System.

1. Content – refers to the overall system and updated of the content.

2. Maintainability – a set of attributes that bears on the effort

needed to make specified modification, which may include cor-

rections, improvements, or changes in the requirements.

3. Availability - the proportion of time the develop system is in a functioning

condition.

4. Functionality - the extent to which the develop system can be expected

to perform its extended function.

5. Reliability – the capability of the developed system to maintain its perfor-

mance level under stated conditions for a stated period of time.

47
 • Statistical Treatment of Data

This section discusses the mathematical operation that will be used

through the testing and evaluation of the developed system. This mathe-

matical operation will be used to compute the ratings of the direct users for

the project that will be the Mean or also known as the computation of the

average.

FORMULA:

X
n

Where:

X (sometimes call the X-bar) is the symbol for the mean.

ΣX is the sum of respondents' rating
n is the symbol for the total number of respondents.

48
Bibliography

• Shem,S, S.Park and S. Hong (2006). “Online Vehicle Parking Reservation

System” Retrieved From: https://www.researchgate.net/publica-

tion/324517934_ONLINE_VEHICLE_PARKING_RESERVATION_SYS-

TEM

• Kalašová, A.; Culík, K.; ˇ Poliak, M.; Otahálová, Z. Smart Parking Appli-
cations and Its Efficiency. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6031. Retrieved From:

https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116031

• Wang (2011). “Reservation-based Smart Parking System”. Retrieved From:

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgiarticle=1045&con-

text=computerscidiss

• Integrated Security and Automation (2020). “Intelligent Revenue Car

Parking System”. Retrieved From: http://www.isa.com.ph/revenue_park-

ing_system.php

• Elid Technology (2018). “A look into parking systems in the philippines”.

Retrieved From: https://elid.com.ph/parking-system-philippines/

• A. Bulactial, MW. Garcia, J. Valdez, F. Dizon and G. Guesta (2012).

“Comparison of On-Street Parking Management In Ermita-Malate Manila

And Makati Central Business District”. Retrieved From:

http://ncts.upd.edu.ph/tssp/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Valdez13.pdf

• J. Dalbey. “Software Process Models”. Retrieved From:

http://users.csc.calpoly.edu/~jdalbey/308/Lectures/SoftwareProcessModel
s.html

49
• ND. Sharath (2017). “Online Car Parking Reservation System”. Retrieved
From: Online car parking reservation system 9160262550 dinesh
(slideshare.net)

50
Appendices

Gathered documents

• Letter of Intent

51
• Informed Consents

52
53
54
55
 • Survey Questions

Notice: All Information that are gathered will be kept confidential.

1. Are you satisfied with the current parking system procedures?

2. What do you find bothersome in the current car parking system?

3. Would you like an Online Car Parking Reservation System?

4. Do you think it will make it easier for you to park your vehicle online?

5. What would you like to see if an online car parking reservation system is implemented?

6. What is usually found in a good car parking system?

7. Would the difference between an online car parking system from the usual one will make
an impact?

8. If there were things to retain from the usual car parking system to transfer to the online
system what could it be?

9. What could be the chances of an online car parking system to succeed

56
Transcript of Interview

Date of Interview: November 3, 2021

Timestamp Speaker Transcript

2:45 PM Joshua Dulce Hello po Goodmorning, I am a student

from University of the East.

2:46 PM Mr. Michael Diaz Yes po, ano po ang concern?

2:51 PM Joshua Dulce Pwede po ba kami mag-tanong poabout po sa car

parking system na

meron po sa establishment Ninyo?

2:52 PM Mr. Michael Diaz Yes.

2:53 PM Joshua Dulce Start na po tayo

2:53 PM Joshua Dulce Ano po masasabi niyo sa current car

parking system na meron po sainyo?

2:54 PM Mr. Michael Diaz The car parking system we have issimilar to the sys-

tems that most

businesses have

2:55 Joshua Would you like to implement an

PM Dulce online car parking system?

2:55 Mr. Mi- Yes, that would benefit our

PM chael Diaz establishment very much

2:56 Joshua Kadalasan po ano po ang complaints na nakukuha niyo sa parking

PM Dulce system niyo po?

57
2:57 Mr. Mi- Marami daw ang hindi nakakapag-park dahil napupuno yung

PM chael Diaz spaces at hindi naman

sila makapag-reserve.

2:57 Joshua Mas madadalian po ba ang mga clients kapag naging reservation

PM Dulce based po ang car parking

system Ninyo?

3:00 Joshua Sa tingin ko makakatulong

PM Dulce siya dahil mahirap rin makakuha ng

space

3:02 Joshua Ayun lamang po ang tanong po naming, thank you po sa pag-sagot

PM Dulce po sa mga questions po

naming.

3:05 Mr. Mi- You’re welcome and good luck.

PM chael Diaz

58
Hi Fidelity Prototype

User Side

Main Page

This module shows the main page of the application, the user will pick to

login if they already have an account and sign up if it is their first time using it.

59
 Login Page

This module will appear once the user picked to login, it will ask the

username and the password from the user and by clicking the login button, It will

check if the entered data is valid.

60
 Sign Up Page 1

This module will appear once the user picked to sign up instead of logging

in, It will ask for the username, full name, email and contact number from the user.

Once done, clicking the “continue” button will go to the next page.

61
 Sign Up Page 2

Continuation to the sign up page 1, this module will ask for the car model,

plate number, and car color which is optional. Once the user entered their

information from their car, they can then proceed to the last page of sign up.

62
 Sign Up Confirmation Page

This module shows the last page of sign which will list the data that the user

entered for confirmation. Once the user validated the data they enter, It will then

be recorded by the application and the user can now login with a new account.

63
 Other Sign In Methods

The user can also sign in with their account other accounts from google,

facebook or apple. This page appear when swipe to the right from the sign up page

1, the user will then only be filling up the data in the sign in page 2 and confirm.

64
 Account Created Page

Once the account is created, this page will show up to confirm that a new

account is created for the user and the login button will also be present so that the

user will login to their new account right away.

65
 User Page 1

This module shows the user page 1 once the user successfully logged in.

In this page, It shows the user’s parking ID the entrance and exit time and date.

This will appear empty if the user did not book any reservations. Swiping to the

right will show the next page for the user and swiping to the left from this page will

show the sidebar.

66
 User side bar

In this module, the user can edit their profile, report and issue, see their

reservations or book another, and check the announcements for the application.

Through this side bar, the user can sign out.

67
 User Page 2 (Reservations)

This module shows the reservations that the user have completed which is

divided into recent meaning that it was done during the day and past reservations

which is done a day after the current reservations.

68
 User Page 3 (Booking Page)

This module is the last page when swiping to the right, this page shows the

data needed to be entered by the user to book a reservation which is the date, the

time and the location. The Icon above the date text box is the calendar which can

be accessed to check the current date or for future reservations.

69
 Reservation verified Page

This module will appear once the reservation is verified and the admins

confirmed the slot for the user. The return button will bring back the user to the

main user page to check their status after the reservation has been made.

70
 Report Page

This module is accessed on the side bar once the user clicked to “report an

issue.” There is also the option to email or call directly if the issue is crucial for the

user experience. On the other hand, once the user have written the issue on the

box, the report button can be clicked.

71
 Edit Profile Page 1

Once the user clicked the edit profile from the side bar, this module will

appear. This module shows the new full name and phone number to be set by the

user, the user can also change or add their profile picture. The name and the email

below the profile picture is the current information that the user wanted to change.

Clicking continue will go to the next page.

72
 Edit Profile Page 2

This module shows the next page to edit the profile. The user can set their

new username, their old password, the new password and the new email to be

used. Once done, the user can click continue.

73
 Edit Profile Page 3

This module shows the car model, plate number and car color of the to be

editted by the user. Once the user decided to change their information, the user

can click continue and changes will be validated by the admin. Once validated, the

user will be brought back to their user page.

74
Admin/Employee Side

Admin/Employee Page 1

This module shows the status for the admin/employee. This shows the

number of slots available, the recent time in of the car that the user reserved and

the recent timeout of the user. This page can also be swiped to the right to see the

remaining pages.

75
 Reservation List Page (Admin/Employee Page 2)

This module shows the reservation list and the pending reservations for the

admin/employee to confirm, the right arrow button in the reservation list is the next

page button for the list. Clicking the reservations can bring the admin/employee to

a separate page with detailed information about the user. The list can also be

sorted by ID, time or location specifically street and City.

76
 User Detail Page

This module shows the detailed information about the user which was

accessed in the reservation list, It shows the Username, fullname, email. Contact

number, car model, plate number and car color to be inspected by the

Admin/Employee.

77
 Pending List Page

This module appears once the Admin/Employee clicked the pending page

button. This module shows the pending reservation from the users with their basic

informations, these reservations can then be accepted or denied. The list can also

be sorted by ID, time or location which the admin/employee can decide to accept

the reservation if the requested location is covered by their establishment. The

return button is the go back button to the reservation list page.

78
 Announcement Page (Admin/Employee Page 3)

This module shows the announcements that was made by the

admin/employee. In this page the admin/employee can compose announcements

for the users to see and to keep updated.

79
 Compose Announcement Page

Once the Admin/Employee clicked the compose button in the

announcement page, this module will appear which will ask for the subject and

body of the announcement to be composed. Once done, the Admin/Employee can

publish the anouncemment for the users to see.

80
 Admin/Employee Sidebar

This module shows the sidebar for the Admin/Employee, they can

also edit their profile, Manage users, the “Issue requests” shows the reports from

the users, the “manage reservations” which is a direct link to the reservation list

page, the “announcements” which is also a direct link to the announcement page

for the admin/employee and lastly the sign out button.

81
 Manage User Page

This module appears after the Admin/Employee clicked the Manage

users in the sidebar. The detailed information about the user is shown in this

module and the ability to delete the account of the user is also available in these

page, the return button bring the admin/employee to their status page.

82
 Admin/Employee Edit profile Page 3

This module shows the page 3 of the edit profile for employee and/or

admin, the first two pages from the user edit profile is the same as for

employee/admin. It only differs in the page 3 as it is recommended for the

admin/employee to fill their address to compare their location from the user when

a reservation takes place.

83
Survey Instrument

EVALUATION FORM
Smart Car Parking Reservation System for establishments

Name: _________________________________Position: _________________Date: ______

Consent: In submitting this form, I agree to the details that will be used for the purposes of creating a Smart
Car Parking Reservation System for establishments. The information will only be accessed by necessary
university staff. I understand my data will be held securely and will not be distributed to third parties. I have a
right to change or access my information. I understand that when this information is no longer required for this
purpose, official university procedure will be followed to dispose of my data.

INSTRUCTION: With the use of given scale shown below, evaluate the system. Place a check mark (✓)
under thecolumn matching numerical rating:

CRITERIA DESCRIPTION
5- Excellent 4- Very Satisfac- 3- Satisfactory 2- Fair 1- Poor
tory
The overall output pre- It meets the expec- It is efficient and ef- Functional but it It is compli-
sented, reflects the ap- tation and stand- fective. needs more im- cated and
propriate target de- ards of the users. provement. needs an im-
mographics. mediate ac-
tion.

SOFTWARE CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 1

A. Content

1. Content Presentation

2. Clarity and Originality of Content

B. Functionality

1. Accuracy

2. Ease of Operation

3. Friendliness of the system

C. Availability

1. System completeness

2. Standard security of the system

3. System performance

D. Reliability

1. Recoverability of the data

84
 2. Accuracy

3. Quality of the system

4. Absence of error

E. Maintainability

1. Testability

2. Easy Maintenance

3. Maintainability of the Standard

Summary Average
A. Content
B. Functionality
C. Availability
D. Reliability
E. Maintainability
Total Score

Equivalence Meaning

COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS:

Evaluator’s Signature

85
Turnitin Result

86
87
88
89
90