CHAPTER 2

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the research methodology used by the Researchers

with the questionnaire as the main instrument for gathering data. It also presents

the description of the statistical tools employed in the analysis and interpretation

of the data to be gathered.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The researchers employed Quantitative and also Qualitative type of

research method to distribute and collect data. The researchers distributed a

survey to the respondents to gather the information they need. Quantitative

research deals in numbers, logic, and an objective stance. Quantitative research

focuses on numeric and unchanging data and detailed, convergent reasoning

rather than divergent reasoning. The researchers chose to use quantitative to get

an insight of what really affects the academic performance of a student base on

their experience (De Franzo, 2011).

Qualitative research is multimethod in focus, involving an interpretive,

naturalistic approach to its subject matter (McLeod, 2017). This means that

qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, attempting to make

sense of, or interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them.

The researchers used qualitative method to understand the social reality of

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individuals and groups. The researchers also used qualitative method to get an

accurate answer about the factors affecting the respondents’ academic

performance.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The data from the target respondents were gathered using the following

procedures:

1.) Researchers sent a letter to the principal and office of the student affairs

to request permission for the researchers to distribute the survey

questionnaires.

2.) Distribution of the questionnaires were conducted by the researchers to

validate this study.

Data gathering procedure lasted for a week. After all the questionnaires

were retrieved, data gathered were tabulated and statistical tools were used to

analyze and interpret the results.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The instrument used in gathering data was adopted from the

questionnaire used by Shubham Aggarwal in his thesis entitled Factors Affecting

the Academic Performance of College Students, December 2014.

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The first part consisted the respondent’s profile. This included the

respondents’ name, age, gender, year and track.

The second part consisted of the interests, study habits, personal traits

and other factors such as home related factors, use of mobile phone, motivation

and consume of alcohol or drugs.

VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENT

Since this thesis has adopted the instrument used by Shubham Aggarwal

in his thesis entitled Factors Affecting the Academic Performance of College

Students, December 2014 certain modifications and adjustments to some items

were just added based upon the recommendation and suggestion of the research

adviser to fit this present study. Hence, the instrument was recommended for

administration to Lyceans.
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THE RESPONDENTS

Respondents of this research were the selected Senior High School

students enrolled for the year 2017-2018 in Lyceum of Subic Bay at Olongapo

City with the total of 118.

Table 1 reflects the retrieval rate of selected Senior High School. It

illustrates the list of out of 148 Senior High Students, 118 (79.73%) actually

participated in the study which means an acceptable retrieval rate, hence this

study is valid.

Table 1
Table Showing the Retrieval Rate

TRACK STUDENTS WITH WITHOUT RETRIEVAL

RESPONSE RESPONSE RATE
11 – STEM 36 28 8 77.78%
12 – STEM 35 33 2 94.29%
11 – ABM 26 18 8 69.23%
12 – ABM 27 21 6 77.78%
11 – GAS 15 9 6 60%
12 – GAS/TechVoc 9 9 0 100%
Total 148 118 30 79.73%

Tables 2.1 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of

respondents when grouped according to gender. From 118 respondents, sixty-

two (52.54%) were male while fifty-six (47.46%) were female which make male

respondents dominant.
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According to a study made by Voyles (2011), a student’s gender does not

have a relation between his or her academic performance.

Table 2.1
Table Showing the Frequency and Percentage Distribution of
Respondents Grouped According to Gender

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 62 52.54%
Female 56 47.46%
Total 118 100%

Table 2.2 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents

when grouped according to age. From the 118 respondents, two (1.69%) were

19 years old, forty-four (37.29%) were 18 years old, forty-seven (39.83%) were

17 years old while twenty-five (21.19%) of the respondents were 16 years old.

This entails that 17 years old respondents dominate the study while 19 years old

respondent was the least populated.

According to a study made by Voyles (2011), an older student has an

advantage than a younger student when it comes to academic performance.

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Table 2.2
Table Showing the Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents
Grouped According to Age
Age Frequency Percentage
19 2 1.69%
18 44 37.29%
17 47 39.83%
16 25 21.19%
Total 118 100%

Table 2.3 presents the frequency and percentage of respondents when

grouped by year and track. Out of 118 respondents, twenty-eight (25%) students

were enrolled in 11 – STEM, thirty-three (29.46%) were from 12 – STEM,

eighteen (16.07%) were from 11 – ABM, twenty-one (18.75%) were from 12 –

ABM, nine (8.04%) were from 11 – GAS and three (2.68%) were from 12 -GAS.

This shows that most of the respondents were from the program 12 – STEM and

the least respondents were from 12 – GAS.

A study made by Murphy (2013), the academic track choice affects the

students’ academic performance lightly and the report they’ve done did not

provide a convincing evidence that it improves academic performance.

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Table 2.3
Table Showing the Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents
Grouped According to their Year and Track
Year and Track Frequency Percentage
11 – STEM 28 23.73%
12 – STEM 33 27.97%
11 – ABM 18 15.25%
12 – ABM 21 17.8%
11 – GAS 9 7.63%
12 – GAS/TechVoc 9 7.63%
Total 118 100%

STATISTICAL TOOLS AND DESIGNS

Data gathered through the instrument was tallied, analyzed and

interpreted using the following statistical tools:

1) Frequency and Percentage Distribution – This was utilized to

determine the distribution of the respondents according to personal

profiles.

Formula:

ƒ
P= × 100
N

Where:

P – Percentage (%)

f – Frequency

N – Total Number of Respondents

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2) Weighted Arithmetic Mean – This was used in the assessment of

the Factors Affecting the Academic Performance of selected Senior

High School.

Formula:

∑ WX
X w=
∑W

Where:

X̅ w – Weighted Arithmetic Mean

X – Variable

W – Weights attached to the variable X

3) Chi-Square Test of Independence – This statistical method was

used to determine the significance of the trend of reaction or

opinion of selected Senior High School students towards the factors

affecting their academic performance.

Formula:

(O−E)²
x 2=∑
E

Where:

O – The Frequency Observed

E – The Frequency Expected

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SCORING

Data to be gathered from the respondents will be organized and

processed using the procedure as follows:

5.00 – 4.21 Always

4.20 – 3.41 Sometimes
3.40 – 2.61 Often
2.60 – 1.81 Rarely
1.80 – 1.00 Never