LATE 20

CENTURY: TH

POST MODERNISM &

THE NEW MILLENIUM

Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman

Edited by: Irah Cruz
LATE 20TH CENTURY: POST MODERNISM & THE NEW MILLENIUM

At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:

✓ Discuss the cultural and environmental context shaping architectural evolution.
✓ Analyze and compare Philippine architecture in space and time and vis-a-vis world architecture.
✓ Develop cultural sensitivity; value and appreciate the cultural achievements of our ancestors .
✓ Be inspired by / apply historic solutions to contemporary design challenges.
NEO-VERNACULAR
ARCHITECTURE
1950s and 1960s
• Brutalism also appeared during this period
• Brutalism is derived from the French word ‘beton brut’, meaning
rough concrete
• Brutalist structures are massive and unrefined with coarsely
formed surfaces, usually of raw and exposed concrete
• Pre-cast construction and pre-fabrication was introduced to
industrialize building methods
• In the 1960s, Filipino architects incorporated some modernist
formal principles by employing local materials and referencing
vernacular traditions
Late 20th century
• Modern architecture with straight lines and functional aspects
was introduced, particularly in the Brutalist architecture that
characterized government built structures done in the Marcos
period.
Modernism
• Leading movement of 20th century
• Movement grounded in the rejection of classical
precedent and style
• Said to coincide with “modern history” (a period
including the present but excluding the Greek
and Roman epochs)
• Characterized by the deliberate divergence from
tradition and the use of innovative forms of
expressions
Manosa Brothers’ Sulo Hotel Francisco Fajardo’s
Max’s Restaurant
An International Philippines: The Golden
Age of Philippine Architecture

• While drive for self-identity is on its way, the

Philippines is also attempting to project itself in
the World stage.

• In the architectural scene, the Philippines joins

International Fairs and Expositions to showcase
its architecture including its culture and
economic standing.
An International Philippines: The Golden
Age of Philippine Architecture
In the 1953 Philippine International Fair, which the Philippines hosted, the Philippines called
on the design of Otilio Arellano for a symbolic gateway as the centerpiece of the fair. It was
made up of a series of huge pointed arches, the summit of which was crowned by a conical
salakot.

Otilio Arellano:
Gateway to the East,
1953
An International Philippines: The Golden
Age of Philippine Architecture
In the1962 Seattle World Exposition, the Philippines rode on the appeal of Filipino exotica
utilizing the design of Luis Ma. Araneta for its pavilion. This pavilion was a two-storey
pavilion whose centerpiece was the Pavilion of Handicrafts and Industries characterized by
its exaggerated surface ornaments in the form of wooden tribal artifacts and its entrance
that simulated a fearful precolonial tribal deity whose mouth was exaggeratedly open. It,
however, was more Polynesian than Filipino.

Luis Ma. Araneta’s

Pavillion, 1962 Seattle
World Exposition
An International Philippines: The Golden
Age of Philippine Architecture
The 1964 New York World’s Fair reflected this “future,” influencing the Philippine
pavilion designed by Otilio Arellano. The pavilion follows a circular plan that seemed
to float over a body of water. It was an attempt to combine native and space-age
aesthetics. It, however, was literally a salakot posing as a flying saucer on what
looked like a launching pad.

Otillo Arellano’s
Philippine pavilion for
the 1964 New York
World’s Fair
An International Philippines: The Golden
Age of Philippine Architecture
In the 1970 Osaka World Exposition, the Philippine pavilion was designed by
Leandro Locsin. It was made of steel, concrete, and Philippine hardwood. It is
remembered for its sweeping curved roofs that can be described as an allusion to a
bird in flight or the prow of a Muslim vinta. It symbolizes the nation’s noble aspiration of
reaching noble heights.

Leandro Locsin: 1970

Osaka World
Exposition Philippine
Pavilion
 Cartographies of Philippine Modernity
The search for identity

The notion of nation-building

The sense of progress

The overall image of Modern architecture –

pristine, hard-edged, machine-like edifices
stripped of anything inessential – was recast
locally to accommodate tropes of the Philippine
namely: the trope of tropicality; the trope of
native civilization; and the trope of state spectacle.
These categories are not inherently independent
from each other; in some instances, they mutually
overlap to reinforce the discourse of Philippine
identity in the built form.
 Search for The National Identity

This New Society includes a

systematic cultural revivification
program. It would, despite its
excesses, would usher in a
Golden Age of Philippine Architecture
that would try to create a one and
unified Philippine Architecture
through “the reinvention of a
precolonial, barangay-based
vernacular heritage.
 TROPICAL MODERNISM

• Brise-soleil
• Glass walls
• Pierced screens
• Thin concrete shells
• “Form follows function”
• Simple
• Clean lines
• Smooth finished
• Cylinders and unusually shaped buildings
• Slanted or curved roofs
• Unadorned façade
• Minimal surface modeling
The Trope of Tropicality
Veterans Memorial Medical Center
People’s Homesite and Housing
Corporation
Ruperto Gaite: Quezon City
Assembly Hall
Metropolitan Theater
GSIS BUILDING
Church of the Risen Lord
Commercial Bank and Trust
Building, Juan Nakpil
San Miguel Corp. Head Office
The Trope of Native Civilization
Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman 2nd
sem AY 14-15
South Seas Mall Cotabato
Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman 2nd
sem AY 14-15
The Trope of State Spectacle

Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman 2nd

sem AY 14-15
BAGONG
LIPUNAN
ARCHITECTURE

The Marcos Era: The New

Society and the Invention
of National Architecture
• The presidency of
Ferdinand Marcos was a
period of political unrest,
human rights,
transgression, and great
economic instability.
• Yet in the outset of his
governance, it was a time
national rebirth and
resurrection of old Filipino
traditions.
The former First Lady Imelda
Marcos packaged herself as
“The Patroness of Art” and
tended the cultural
renaissance under
aesthetics maxim “the true,
the good, and the
beautiful.”
KATOTOHANAN , KAGANDAHAN
AT KABUTIHAN
• A mandate that a national
culture be fostered and
preserved.
• The official art and
architecture of the martial law
regime reverberated with this
regeneration of a national
myth through the creation of a
new socio-political and ethical
order portrayed as a radical
alternative to existing
ideology.
• As the state became the new
patron of arts, the First Lady
involved herself in all matters
relating to arts and culture.
• The Marcos regime took the
nexus of architecture and
society more seriously than
any other administration in
promoting the aesthetics of
power in built form.
1975 Imelda initiated unification of the
three (3)
architectural organizations:
1. Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA)
2. League of Philippine Architects (LPA)
3. Association of Philippine Government
Architects (APGA)

United Architects of the Philippines

(UAP)
November 1975 - Metropolitan Manila
Commission created with Imelda Marcos
as governor
1979 - Imelda Marcos as First Honorary
Member of the UAP
Presidential Decree 824 creating Metro Manila and its
managing public corporation, the Metropolitan Manila
Commission (MMC) on November 7, 1975

Governor
Imelda
Marcos
Philippine Institute of Architects, League of Philippine
Architects and Association of Philippine Government Architects
Bagong Lipunan Improvement of Sites and
Services (BLISS)

Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman 2nd

sem AY 14-15
CCP Complex
Tanghalang Pambansa
KASAYSAYAN NG LAHI
PHILIPPINE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTER
PHILCITE, 1976 (Demolished)
Tahanang Filipino (Coconut Palace)

Invention of Imelda Madera

Pambayan Tanghalan (FOLK-ARTS THEATER)

77 DAYS CONSTRUCTION
Envision Convention
City
National School
for the Arts,
Makiling
Pamantasan ng Bagong Lipunan ( Now DepEd )
Medical Center of Asia
LRT 1 Station
Batasang Pambansa

Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman 2nd

sem AY 14-15
Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman 2nd
sem AY 14-15
Manila Film Theater (Tragic Theater)
Manila Film Center 1982
 If you want facts, about the
dictatorship and failures of
the Philippines

Manila Film Center 1982

ARCHITECTURE AFTER MODERNISM:
THE NEW MILLENIUM

Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman 2nd

sem AY 14-15
 DEMOCRACY PERIOD
• Post EDSA euphoria gave rise to a myriad of artistic
evolutions
• Philippine architecture underwent change (mid 1980s)

Manila Film Center 1982

 Post-modernism
• An aesthetic language
• Heavily influenced by classical architecture
• “Decorative packaging” to façades by juxtaposing symbolic
elements and enveloping them with irony and metaphor
• Garish application of color
• Return to ornament and traditional design elements

Manila Film Center 1982

Skidmore, Owings & Merill

Asian Development Bank Building in Ortigas

Rogelio Villarosa

King’s Court Building II Tektite Towers

AIC Gold Tower Renaissance Tower

Felino Palafox Jr.

Nueva Ecija Capitol

Building

Palafox Associates
Jose Siao Ling & Associates

New Cathedrals: Shopping Malls

William Coscolluela
Post-modernism Retail Environment
Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman 2nd
sem AY 14-15
Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman 2nd
sem AY 14-15
Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman 2nd
sem AY 14-15
Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman 2nd
sem AY 14-15
Others

Sanctuarium West Burnham Place in Baguio

Edward Co Tan +Architects
POST-MODERN SKYSCRAPERS

• “Tower-on-the-podium”
formula of corporate and
commercial towers

• 3 Vertical Segments:
• Podium
• Shaft
• Crown

Rufino Pacific Tower

POST-MODERN SKYSCRAPERS

Enterprise Center
BSA Twin Towers
William Tung
 POST-MODERN SKYSCRAPERS

Shang Grand Tower

Palmer & Turner and Recio+Casas

Orient Square
William V. Cosculluella
RISE OF MASTER PLANNED
MICRO-CITIES

Bay City Eastwood

BGC Rockwell Center

RISE OF MASTER PLANNED
MICRO-CITIES

Greenbelt Mall Entertainment City

Araneta Gateway Center Vertiz North

Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman 2nd
sem AY 14-15
Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman 2nd
sem AY 14-15
GATED COMMUNITIES

Tagaytay Highlands

Valle Verde
Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman 2nd
sem AY 14-15
GLOBAL MULTINATIONALISM
Typified in buildings that serve as Corporate HQ

Essensa Towers World Trade Exchange Pacific Plaza Towers

By I.M. Pei By Michael Graves By Arquitectonica
GLOBAL MULTINATIONALISM
Typified in buildings that serve as Corporate HQ

Yuchengco Tower LKG Tower SM Mall of Asia

SOM Kohn Pedersen Fox By Arquitectonica
High-Tech
- Light and strong
- Heavily insulated wall panels
- Use of steel and aluminum and mirror glass

Ayala One GT Tower One San One Roxas

Miguel Triangle
Deconstructivism
- Characterized by an absence of obvious harmony, continuity, or symmetry

CSB School of Design and Arts

Eduardo Calma
Deconstructivism
- Characterized by an absence of obvious harmony, continuity, or symmetry

Residence of Ampoanan sa Kalinaw Ug

Alexius Medalla Kinaadman
Retro-modernism
• Sometimes called minimalism
• Lucid lines, transparent volumes, clean-cut massing, uncluttered presence

Ciudad de Calamba Alabang Town Center

McDonald’s in Vigan
Neo-vernacularism

Aquino Center

New Medical City Ateneo Science Education Complex

Neo-modern

Okada City of Dreams Albert S. Yu, ASYA

SOLAIRE RESORT Carmelo Casas

 Green Architecture
• Implementation of “green architecture” to reverse the negative impact of buildings on
human health and on the environment by enhancing the efficiency and moderating
the use of materials, energy and space
• Economical, energy-saving, environment-friendly, and sustainable development

F-shelters
-Designed by Dr. Florence Soriano
-Fast-to-build and foldaway
emergency shelter
-Uses wood-wool cement board
(WWCB)
Green Architecture
Earthbag shelter in Escalante, Negros
Occidental

Rio Dome
- Use of “earthbag construction
systems” developed by Nader Kahlili
- Made of rice sacks packed with
waterproof earth mixture
and cement
Green Architecture

SM Aura
Green Architecture
Green Architecture
Residential Modern Adaptations
Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman 2nd
sem AY 14-15
Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman 2nd
sem AY 14-15
Relevance of Heritage Today: Translocation

Las Casas Filipinas De Acuzar, Bagac, Bataan

Relevance of Heritage Today: Adaptive Reuse

National Museum of Natural History was once Department of Tourism

Relevance of Heritage Today: Contemporary Adaptations
Aeroponic vertical farming developed
by Mr. Jin Ho Kim

• Fusion of old and new

• Use of local materials
• Adaptability to climate
• Functionality and
aesthetics
• Community-centric
designs

Proposed modern office building design in

Bonifacio Global City by Ian Fulgar
QUESTIONS?
 Salamat!

Prepared by Ar. Roy De Guzman 2nd

sem AY 14-15