Illustrations

CASE STUDY

Class 2

Group 5

Group members:

Huỳnh Phan Nhựt Thái

Đinh Ngọc Ngân

Lê Ngọc Huỳnh Nhi

Nguyễn Thanh Thảo

Trần Thị Thảo Ngân

Lâm Thành Minh Ngà

Huỳnh Phan Nhựt Thái

The Effect of Part-Time Jobs on University Students' Academic Achievement

Fatima Saddique et al. (2023) investigated the impact of part-time jobs on

university students' academic performance, focusing on their Grade Point Average
(GPA). A quantitative approach was used to analyze data from 150 students
enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs at three public universities in
Pakistan. The study indicated that part-time jobs can have a positive effect on
students' academic performance. Despite concerns about the potential negative
impact of part-time work on studies, many students reported that their part-time
jobs actually helped them improve their academic performance. This could be
attributed to factors such as increased time management skills, practical
experience, and motivation. However, the study revealed that the positive effects
of part-time jobs can vary depending on several factors, including the number of
hours worked, the type of job, and the student's ability to balance work and studies.
Students who worked more than 20 hours per week were more likely to experience
negative impacts on their academic performance. It is found that financial factors
were a major motivator for students to take part-time jobs. Many students used
their earnings to support their studies and mitigate their financial burden. In
addition to gaining valuable work experience and preparing for their future careers,
it is important for students to carefully consider the potential impact on their
academic performance and to manage their time effectively.

Saddique, F., Raja, B. I., & Khurshid, F. (2023). The effect of part time jobs

on university students’ academic achievement 1. Fatima Saddique. . .

ResearchGate.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372390510_The_Effect_of_Part_T

ime_Jobs_on_University_Students

%27_Academic_Achievement_1_Fatima_Saddique_Corresponding_Author

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
354735040_Occupational_hazard_perceptions_as_factors_influencing_students
%27_intentions_to_engage_in_part-time_jobs
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307930982_College_student
%27_employability_Implications_of_part-time_job_during_college_years?
_sg=s87z5fdEOmVM4Tj6aMN4ceHFGadD_xxsmo3v9E40xWiAcOoms9ioAADF
3Wa-
lSFRoRqZvLh9eM9aVdA&_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6InB1Ym
xpY2F0aW9uIiwicGFnZSI6Il9kaXJlY3QifX0

Occupational hazard perceptions as factors influencing students’ intentions to

engage in part-time jobs

Zampetakis (2021) investigated the factors influencing students' intentions to

engage in part-time jobs. It found that students considered financial gains more
important than occupational hazards in making their decision. However, the
interaction between occupational hazards and financial gains also played a role.
Additionally, students' maturity levels were negatively related to their intentions
and moderated the effects of financial gains and perceptions of psychological
hazards.

Zampetakis, L. A. (2021). Occupational hazard perceptions as factors influencing

students’ intentions to engage in part-time jobs. International Journal of Occupational

Safety and Ergonomics, 28(4), 2202–2209.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2021.1984710
College student' employability: Implications of part-time job during college
years

Lin and Ching (2014) investigated the factors influencing Taiwanese college
students' decision to take part-time jobs. The most important factors were job
location and financial benefits. Students prioritized jobs that were convenient to
their studies and offered good pay. However, many students did not consider the
alignment between their part-time jobs and their future career goals. It explored the
perceived benefits of part-time jobs, finding that students valued opportunities for
social interaction, work experience, and learning new skills. While most students
were satisfied with their part-time jobs, many were not happy with their salaries.
Additionally, the research recognized significant differences between the part-time
job selections of male and female students, as well as students from different
academic departments. These findings highlight the importance of considering
individual preferences and career goals when choosing a part-time job. Finally, it
identified two key factors that predict whether students will remain in their part-
time jobs after graduation: job alignment with future career goals and the ability of
the job to contribute to future career development. These factors can be used to
help students make informed decisions about their part-time work and improve
their career prospects.

Lin, M., & Ching, G. S. (2014). College student’ employability: Implications of part-time

job during college years. ResearchGate.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307930982_College_student

%27_employability_Implications_of_part-time_job_during_college_years
The relationship of well-being, academic self efficacy, and academic major
satisfaction among part time job students: A cross-sectional study

Nguyen et al. (2024) investigated the relationship between part-time jobs and
student well-being, academic performance, and major satisfaction. Using a sample
of 282 college students with part-time jobs, the study found that mental health
positively influences academic self-efficacy, which in turn positively affects
academic major satisfaction. Additionally, parental income may also play a role in
influencing academic self-efficacy. These findings highlight the importance of
prioritizing mental health and providing support for students to enhance their
overall well-being and academic success.

Nguyen, P. T., To, H., Tran-Thien, G., & Tran-Chi, V. (2024). The relationship of
well-being, academic self-efficacy, and academic major satisfaction among part-
time. . . ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.19204/2024/THRL4

Trần Thị Thảo Ngân

A Study on the Effects of Part-time Jobs for HUFI Students

Tran Phuong Ngan (2021) explored the advantages and difficulties HUFI students
in Ho Chi Minh City face when working part-time jobs. Tran Phuong Ngan
surveyed 100 HUFI students. The goal of this essay is to discuss and examine how
part-time employment affects HUFI students' academic performance. Afterward,
offering suggestions and answers to encourage HUFI students to take part-time
jobs to enhance their academic performance. The research demonstrated that
74.3% of the population worked part-time. Having come from rural areas, the
majority of these students took employment to help pay for their living expenses in
the city. Among the advantages mentioned were chances for networking, skill
development, and financial freedom. However there were other issues as well;
64.9% of students reported feeling anxious, and 75% reported finding it difficult to
juggle employment and school. The study concludes that while part-time
employment can help students become financially independent and acquire new
skills, they still need to learn time management skills to preserve their academic
standing.

Ngan, T. P. (2021, August 22). A Study on the Effects of Part-time Jobs for HUFI
Students.

https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/w9c5v

The impact of part-time employment on students' health: A Georgian Case.

Tengiz Verulava & Revaz Jorbenadze (2022) investigated how part-time

employment affects the health and academic performance of university students,
focusing on students from the Caucasus State University in Georgia. The purpose
of this study was to investigate the relationship between students' part-time
employment and their health and academic performance. Specifically, the study
analyzed three main aspects: the need and reasons for part-time employment,
students' health status when working part-time, and the impact of part-time
employment on students' academic performance. The literature review highlights
that most students work part-time due to financial necessity, choosing jobs
unrelated to their future careers. Students work 18 hours per week on average,
leading to sleep deprivation, stress, and diminished academic performance. Nearly
half of the students report health problems such as chronic fatigue, headaches, and
memory impairment due to the difficulty of balancing work and study. An analytic
cross-sectional study was conducted at Caucasus University in November 2019. A
questionnaire was emailed to a representative sample of 700 second-year full-time
undergraduate students. The survey sought to gather data on students' employment
status, working hours, job types, reasons for working, and perceptions of how part-
time employment affects their health and academic performance. The study found
that part-time work can cause sleep deprivation, stress, and reduced academic
performance. The authors recommend universities provide support to help students
manage their time and maintain their well-being.

Tengiz Verulava, Revaz Jorbenadze (2022).

https://www.mmsjournals.org/index.php/mmj/article/view/413

The impact of part-time employment on students’ health and academic

performance: a Scottish perspective

Claire Carney, Sharon McNeish, & and John McColl investigate the relationship
between part-time employment, mental and physical health, and academic
performance among full-time undergraduate students in Scotland. The research
explores whether working part-time increases stress lowers academic
achievements, and worsens health outcomes among students, particularly in the
context of financial pressures that may force them into employment. The research
analyzes several aspects concerning the relationship between part-time
employment and its effects on students' well-being and academic performance. The
study used a cross-sectional randomized survey to gather data. A modified version
of a previous questionnaire (Smith and Taylor, 1999) was distributed online to
1,600 second-year full-time undergraduate students. The questionnaire covered:
demographic information, financial information, employment details, and health
status using the SF-36 health survey, which includes eight subscales. 50% of
students had part-time jobs, working an average of 14 hours a week. Financial
necessity was the most common reason for working. Students’ mental and physical
health were poorer than the general population, particularly in areas like social
functioning, mental health, and vitality. Females were found to have more role
limitations due to emotional problems compared to males. Additionally, older
students (aged 25–34) had more issues with social functioning, mental health, and
energy/vitality compared to younger students (aged 18–24). The study finds that
part-time jobs can negatively impact students' mental, and physical health, and
academic performance, especially when combined with financial stress.
Universities are urged to provide support, raise awareness, and offer training to
help students balance their work and studies.

Claire Carney, Sharon McNeish and John McColl (November 2005). The impact
of part-time employment on students’ health and academic performance: a Scottish
perspective.

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?
repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=c70c6280cacc78b87e55e0ef1a2f8c58dbf7a92f

Nguyễn Thanh Thảo

The Impact of Part-Time Employment on the Academic Performance in

Perspective of the Students of Government Secondary Schools in District
Peshawar.

Abdul Wadood, Iffat Ara Hussain, and Khisro Kaleem Raza (2018) run a public
opinion survey to study how part-time employment affects students' academic
performance. They conducted this research to examine how part-time jobs affect
academic achievement among secondary school students, to investigate the factors
that lead to part-time work, and to provide research on part-time work with
actionable advice. This article attempts to answer the research questions “What
difficulties that Secondary School Students doing part-time employment are
facing?”, “What are some of the major causes which lead the students to do part
time employment?”, and “What types of part-time jobs students should do?”. They
used a quantitative research method to find out these answers. The research
included secondary students from Government High and Higher Secondary
Schools in the Peshawar area. The overall number of schools was 105, with 79
High schools and 26 Higher Secondary schools. There were 16,384 pupils in all,
with 9004 in class 9th and 7,380 in class 10th. 378 students from 46 schools were
randomly selected, and they were randomly given 1 of 10 questionnaires consisting
of 29 items of open and closed questions. According to the data, while most
students who work part-time nevertheless achieve excellent academic standards,
many students think that working part-time has a detrimental impact on their
performance.

Wadood, A., Hussain, I. A., & Raza, K. K. (2018). The Impact of Part-Time
Employment on the Academic Performance in Perspective of the Students of
Government Secondary Schools in District Peshawar. The Dialogue, 13(4),
381. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A565198574/AONE?
u=googlescholar&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=657e59bd

Stress factors and psychological well-being among part-time students in

universities.

To determine the relationship between stress factors and psychological well-being

among part-time students, Amir Bin Shaaban (2017) conducted a survey focusing
only on part-time employment students from UUMKL (Universiti Utara Malaysia
KL Campus), OUM (Open University of Malaysia) and MSU (Management
Science University). The purpose of this essay is to address the research questions
“What is the level of psychological well-being?”, “Does work stress have a
relationship on psychological well-being?”, “Does family stress have a relationship
on psychological well-being?”, “Does academic stress have a relationship on
psychological well-being?”, “Does financial stress have a relationship on
psychological well-being?”, “Does self-efficacy have a relationship on
psychological well-being?”, “Do the dimension of stress factors influence
psychological well-being?”. The total number of part-time students according to 3
universities is 2798 and 338 respondents were chosen as the sample for this
research. A quantitative research method is used in the study by answering 76
questions consisting of 7 sections altogether from a questionnaire. Data analysis
was done using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regressions. The
findings of this study revealed that work stress, family stress, academic stress, and
financial stress have a relationship and significant influence on psychological well-
being.

SHAABAN, A. B. (2017). Stress Factors and Psychological Well-Being

Among Part-Time Students in Universities.

https://etd.uum.edu.my/6955/1/s810913_01.pdf

Assessing the Effect of Work-Study Conflict on Academic Stress and

Wellbeing in University Students.

Kundan (2022) investigated this survey to determine the impact of work-study

conflict on academic stress and well-being among university students. This
research tried to find the answer for the research question “How work-study
conflict affects the academic performance and well-being of students?”. Kundan
applied the quantitative research design for the study and a structured
questionnaire, consisting of 63 questions and 4 portions, using Google forms was
administered for data collection. At first, only 52 students working under WSP
responded to the questionnaire. A link to a Google Form Survey was sent via
FCCU student WhatsApp and Facebook groups to enhance the sample number and
make the study more representative. After one month, the final sample size is 140.
The result was analyzed by SPSS (v.22). According to the findings, more work-
study conflict was strongly associated with higher academic stress and worse
wellbeing. Similarly, increased academic stress was substantially associated with
reduced wellbeing. Another noteworthy study finding was that students who
worked at FCCU had greater levels of well-being than those who worked
elsewhere.

Kundan, R. (2022). Assessing the Effect of Work-Study Conflict on Academic

Stress and Wellbeing in University Students (Doctoral dissertation, Department
of Sociology, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University)).

http://202.142.177.21/bitstream/123456789/2099/1/Final-Kundan-Rana
%202022.pdf

Work-Related Mental Health Issues in Graduate Student Population

The study conducted by Gallea et al. (2021) focuses on work-related mental health
issues among graduate students, using a combination of psychological and
biological assessments. A sample of 153 Ph.D. students, with an average age of 28
and consisting of 59% women and 41% men, participated in the study. The
researchers compared these findings with a broader sample of 1,044 Argentinian
workers from various fields, with an average age of 42. The research used
qualitative methods, including paper-and-pencil questionnaires, to assess factors
like anxiety, depression, and burnout. The study revealed that graduate students
experienced significantly more stress, lower work engagement, and higher levels
of anxiety and depression compared to the general worker population. It also
highlighted a disruption in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which
plays a role in stress responses. This suggests that time spent in academia has a
significant impact on mental health.

Gallea, J. I., Medrano, L. A., & Morera, L. P. (2021). Work-related mental

health issues in graduate student population. Frontiers in neuroscience, 15,
593562.

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/
fnins.2021.593562/full

Lâm Thành Minh Ngà

Impact of part-time employment on students' academic achievement and

satisfaction, particularly within the context of teacher education at the
International Islamic University Islamabad

Kishwer et al. (2023) explored the impact of part-time employment on students'

academic achievement and satisfaction, particularly within the context of teacher
education at the International Islamic University Islamabad. The researchers
examined previous studies that highlighted both the positive and negative effects of
part-time jobs on students, identifying a significant gap in understanding how these
jobs influence academic performance and overall satisfaction. They noted that
while part-time work can provide valuable professional experience and enhance
time management skills, it can also lead to fatigue and decreased focus on studies.
By analyzing the literature, the researchers established a framework for their study,
which included the need for educational institutions to recognize the dual roles of
students as workers and learners. This literature review not only informed the
study's relevant concepts but also shaped the guiding hypotheses, emphasizing the
importance of understanding the complexities of students' experiences in balancing
work and education.

Kishwer, R., AKHTAR, D. Z., FAROOQ, D. M., Faiza, M., KHAN, D. M. S., & Naimat, R. (2023). IMPACT OF

PART-TIME JOB ON STUDENTS ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND SATISFACTION: A CASE OF

TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM AT INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD. Bulletin

of Business and Economics (BBE), 12(2), 157-163.

ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342097

Mental Health and Well-Being of University Students in Okinawa.

Ratanasiripong, P., China, T., & Toyama, S. (2018). Mental Health and Well‐
Being of University Students in Okinawa. Education Research International,
2018(1), 4231836.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2018/4231836

Ratanasiripong et al. (2018) investigated the mental health and well-being of

university students in Okinawa, focusing on the factors that contribute to
depression, anxiety, and stress within this population. The researchers highlighted
the significant role of self-esteem, resiliency, and family economic status in
influencing students' mental health outcomes. They noted that while higher self-
esteem and resiliency are associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety,
students from lower family economic backgrounds often face increased mental
health challenges.The authors emphasized the cultural context of Japan, where
societal stigma may lead to underreporting of mental health problems, further
complicating the issue. This research not only contributes to the understanding of
mental health among university students in Okinawa but also underscores the
necessity for educational institutions to implement targeted support services that
enhance self-esteem and resiliency, while fostering open discussions about mental
health to mitigate stigma and improve overall student well-being.

Impact of Time Management on Students’ Academic Achievement who

balance Study and Work-Life

Andari and Nugraheni (2016) investigated the time management practices of

students in the Fashion and Design Program at Syiah Kuala University who are
balancing part-time work with their academic studies. The researchers reviewed
existing literature that discussed the implications of time management on academic
achievement, revealing both the benefits and challenges faced by students who
work while studying. They identified a notable gap in understanding how effective
time management strategies can influence students' academic performance and
overall well-being. The study highlighted that while effective time management
can lead to improved academic outcomes and the development of essential skills,
students often encounter obstacles such as late assignment submissions and class
attendance issues due to work commitments, which can result in stress and fatigue.
By analyzing data collected from questionnaires, the researchers emphasized the
importance of educational institutions recognizing the dual roles of students as
both workers and learners, advocating for support systems that foster effective time
management to enhance academic success.
Fitriana, F., Dewi, R., Nabilah, W., & Phonna, S. M. (2021). Impact of Time
Management on Students’ Academic Achievement who balance Study and Work-
Life. Proceedings of AICS-Social Sciences, 11, 295-301.

https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/AICS-Social/article/view/24362/15294

A balancing act–finding one's way to health and well-being: A qualitative

analysis of interviews with Swedish university students on lifestyle and
behavior change

Åsberg et al. (2022) investigated the health-related behaviors and lifestyle changes
of university students in Sweden, focusing on the transition to university life and
its impact on well-being. The researchers conducted qualitative interviews to
gather in-depth insights into students' experiences, identifying both internal and
external factors that influence their health attitudes and behaviors. They
highlighted a significant gap in understanding how the university environment
shapes students' perceptions of health and the strategies they employ to maintain a
healthy lifestyle amidst academic pressures. The study revealed that while students
strive to balance their academic responsibilities with health-promoting activities,
they often encounter challenges such as stress, time constraints, and financial
limitations. By synthesizing the findings, the researchers established a framework
that emphasizes the need for public health interventions tailored to the unique
challenges faced by university students. This framework not only informed the
study's conclusions but also underscored the importance of recognizing the
ongoing process of behavior change as students navigate their academic and
personal lives.

Åsberg, K., Eldh, A. C., Löf, M., & Bendtsen, M. (2022). A balancing act–finding
one's way to health and well-being: A qualitative analysis of interviews with
Swedish university students on lifestyle and behavior change. Plos one, 17(10),
e0275848.

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0275848

Đinh Ngọc Ngân

Studying and More: Part-Time Employment as an Educational Challenge?

Silke HeuseaCathrin Dietzeb Daniel Fodorc and Edgar Voltmer (2020) explore the
impact of part-time employment on health care students' stress levels in the
research "Studying and More: Part-Time Employment as an Educational
Challenge?", using the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model as a framework.
They examined the literature to understand whether part-time jobs act as stressors
or resources in students' educational journeys. Through the literature review, they
showed 3 key elements: the job demands-resources model, part-time employment,
and the aims of the study. Based on previous research, it suggests applying the JD-
R model to vocational education, revealing that education-specific demands and
resources directly impact students' stress experiences; also, the definition of part-
time employment as a demand or resource fails to adequately address the negative
impact on students' academic performance and well-being. The literature review of
this study established part-time employment buffering education-specific demands
in the prediction of students’ stress experiences.

Heuse, S., Dietze, C., Fodor, D., & Voltmer, E. (2020). Studying and More: Part-Time

employment as an educational challenge? Journal of Medical Psychology, 22(1), 59–65.

https://doi.org/10.3233/jmp-200024
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346937531_Studying_and_More_Part-

Time_Employment_as_an_Educational_Challenge

The Impacts of Doing Part-Time Job on EFL Students

Ly, Tra-MMy & My, Phung & Huỳnh, Vi. (2021) investigate the impacts of doing

a part-time job on EFL students at a university in Can Tho city, Viet Nam,

examining the literature to identify the positive and negative impacts of part-time

jobs on these students. Through the literature review, they showed three main

elements: definitions of part-time jobs, the reasons why students do part-time jobs,

and the impacts of doing part-time jobs on students. Overall, the literature shows a

balanced view of both the advantages and drawbacks of part-time jobs, with

recommendations for students to carefully manage their time and workload.

Ly, Tra - My & My, Phung & Huỳnh, Vi. (2021). The impacts of doing Part-Time

job on EFL students. International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and

Management, 6(6), 6. https://doi.org/10.36282/ijasrm/6.6.2021.1813

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

353025719_The_Impacts_of_Doing_Part-Time_Job_on_EFL_Students
 Earning and learning: How term-time employment impacts on students'

adjustment to university life

Broadbridge, A., & Swanson, V. (2005) explored how students manage the dual role of

being full-time students and part-time workers. With increasing numbers of students in

higher education, more are working during term-time to manage financial pressures. The

study examines both the positive and negative impacts of this employment on academic

performance, social integration, and psychological well-being. The literature review in

the provided research explored the impact of term-time employment on students'

adjustment to university life. Key studies cited in the literature focus on factors such as

students' working hours, financial pressures, and the balance between work and academic

responsibilities. While previous studies have emphasized the negative consequences of

working during university, such as poorer academic performance, stress, and limited

social integration, the authors argue that these studies often neglect the positive aspects.

Also, they suggested a transactional psychological framework that considers both

positive and negative aspects to better capture the complexity of students' experiences.

Broadbridge, A., & Swanson, V. (2005). Earning and learning: how term‐time

employment impacts on students’ adjustment to university life. Journal of

Education and Work, 18(2), 235–249.

https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080500086008
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

233568360_Earning_and_learning_How_term-

time_employment_impacts_on_students'_adjustment_to_university_life

A study on stress level among part-time students in a higher institution in

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Nor Azimah Chew Abdullah and Saharudin Mohd Dan (2011) examined the stress

level among part-time students and its relationships to their psychological well-

being status in a higher institution in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Data was collected

using a set of questionnaires. The study explored stressors like time management,

financial constraints, academic pressure, and lack of support systems among part-

time students, which contribute to their stress levels, then offered insights into

strategies to limit these burdens, improving their well-being and academic

performance. The literature review showed four key points: Introduction to Stress

in Educational Settings (1), Part-Time Students' Challenges (2), Cultural and

Societal Factors in Malaysia (3), and Previous Studies on Academic Stress (4).

Besides that, the literature review proposed focusing on the specific interventions

that can help reduce stress among this population, including time management

strategies, academic support systems, and mental health services.

 Abdullah, N. A. C., & Dan, S. M. (2011). A study on stress level among part-time

students in a higher institution in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Journal of Global

Management, 3(1), 1-34.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Azilah-Kasim/publication/

254399253_Managing_towards_Sustainability_Understanding_sri_Lankan_comm

unities_readiness_to_participate_in_nature-based_tourism/links/

561bba1408aea80367242c64/Managing-towards-Sustainability-Understanding-

sri-Lankan-communities-readiness-to-participate-in-nature-based-

tourism.pdf#page=98

Lê Ngọc Huỳnh Nhi

The impact of term‐time employment on higher education students’ academic

attainment and achievement

According to Callender, C.'s research, it show that a scale with a pile of books on
one side that represents academic achievement (high marks, degree
accomplishments), and a pile of coins on the other side that represents term-time
employment (part-time jobs, earnings). When students study more, the scale tips
toward the books; when they work long hours, it tips toward the coins. Students are
portrayed on the scale in a range of academic stress levels, juggling employment
and study schedules. To illustrate the negative impacts of excessive effort on
academic achievement, some students may be depicted studying late at night, while
others may be seen working in retail or at cafes. This sums up the main findings of
the research, which show that students need to strike a balance because they tend to
perform worse academically when they work more hours during the school year.

Callender, C. (2008). The impact of term‐time employment on higher

education students’ academic attainment and achievement. Journal of

Education Policy, 23(4), 359–377.

https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930801924490

Psychological well-being and scholastic achievement among university

students in a Canadian Prairie City

From the research of Henry P. H. Chow shows that university students'

psychological health and academic performance are greatly impacted by striking a

balance between work, study, and personal life. There is a clear correlation

between poorer mental health and lower academic accomplishment and stress

resulting from these conflicting expectations, especially financial stress. More

study time and greater support networks, which include stronger bonds with

family, friends, and significant others, are associated with better academic

performance and higher psychological well-being in students. It can examine the

pressure and tension of juggling many duties, such a student balancing work and

school obligations. A student seated at a desk with work-related duties, a laptop,

and textbooks surrounding them may be shown, with thinking bubbles over their

heads representing worry about social life, money, and deadlines. Fragmented

visuals of friends, family, and work duties swirl in the backdrop, highlighting how

difficult it is to achieve balance. It would be possible to depict the student as

clearly exhausted, with conflicting messages about how this will affect their mental

health and academic achievement.

Henry P. H. Chow

Received: 30 November 2006 / Accepted: 18 May 2007 / Published online: 7

August 2007 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007

https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/114473961/s11218-007-9026-y-libre.pdf?1715568777=&response-content-

disposition=inline%3B+filename

%3DPsychological_well_being_and_scholastic.pdf&Expires=1728322512&Signature=Yp1UU0MDfuBj0oO51ScJ

0y8k2cS57usFJ-

8HO9GMx9DJFbbsiX7uHy7HoUYwKkNi4sxYEsLaa~bry~Q30Ef2LtXQ2qjPEVCQXbzz7tr0yCuwaEZyep7DW6r

ZFK268asYeZfRA0nnOyz4h2vRPEqXPe3pDKF7BKSAlhAXYgDRhltx20N6GEwprcUnz9idShI4mWikwsNmybb

hRvMHNAQznL4Fr5aa2Bkq4QArgxyXfojyo6lJkDXBFgOzt4bpk9xp2IvZSmvXq8eadHBFNRCM6US8D03ta6m

O8MwKpPB2zudsfAu0YUL13kltBsmG5jjSJKc31F3hk5FSLP1QaCvOMQ__&Key-Pair-

Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA
Balancing Work, School, and Personal Life among Graduate Students: a
Positive Psychology Approach

The study of Nicklin, J. M., Meachon, E. J., & McNall, L. A. focuses on

psychological resources including mindfulness, self-compassion, and resilience to
examine how working graduate students maintain well-being while juggling work,
school, and personal life. It has been demonstrated that these elements lessen stress
by lowering the perception of role conflict. It has been discovered that
mindfulness, in particular, improves well-being by encouraging more enrichment
and less conflict. As an example, consider a student engaging in mindfulness or
meditation in the middle of a busy place. This represents the inner serenity that
reduces stress from juggling several obligations. Overlapping photos of work,
studies, and personal life coming together to form a seamless whole could be
displayed as the background.

Nicklin, J. M., Meachon, E. J., & McNall, L. A. (2019). Balancing work, school,
and personal life among graduate students: A positive psychology approach.
Applied Research in Quality of Life, 14(5), 1265–1286.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11482-018-9650-z

THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYMENT DURING SCHOOL ON COLLEGE

STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

This study of Jeffrey S. DeSimone examines the impact of college employment on

students' academic achievement. It demonstrates that although part-time
employment can improve time management and offer financial assistance, time
constraints and elevated stress levels can also result in poorer academic
performance. According to the study, the effect varies depending on the type of
work; occupations on campus often have a greater favorable impact on academic
achievements than jobs off campus. Furthermore, pupils who work reasonable
hours tend to fare better academically than those who work excessive hours. The
results indicate that striking a balance between job and school is essential,
emphasizing the necessity for educational institutions to provide advice on the best
working hours and assistance for student employees in order to guarantee academic
achievement.

© 2008 by Jeffrey S. DeSimone. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to
exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that
full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. The Impact of Employment
during School on College Student Academic Performance Jeffrey S. DeSimone
NBER Working Paper No. 14006 May 2008 JEL No. I2,J22

https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w14006/w14006.pdf

The Impact of Working Part-time on Students’ Academic Performance

The research paper of Phan, Thuy T investigates the connection between college
students' academic achievement and part-time work. It emphasizes that while
employment might improve abilities and yield financial rewards, long hours have a
detrimental effect on students' grades and general academic engagement.
According to the study, students who work moderate hours frequently manage
their time better and do better as a result. It also highlights the significance of work
type, with on-campus jobs typically providing greater flexibility and assistance for
academic obligations compared to off-campus occupations. According to the
findings, universities ought to offer tools and advice to assist students in
successfully juggling their work obligations so that employment complements
rather than diminishes their academic experience.

Phan, Thuy T.

Department of Business Administration, Dai Nam University, No. 1 Xom Street,

Phu Lam Ward - Ha Dong District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam

https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0724.1732
Interview questions
 I. Review the topic: impacts on mental well-being of students who are balancing
between part-time jobs and academic performance.
II. Decide interviewees in the interview: senior students’ of English Pedagogy
III. Write interview questions:
Option 1:

1. How has working a part-time job impacted your academic performance?

● Clues: Consider changes in your grades, attendance, or participation in

class. Have you found it challenging to balance work and school
responsibilities?

2. What are some of the most significant stressors you've experienced while
working a part-time job?

● Clues: Think about factors like long hours, demanding tasks, difficult
coworkers, or low pay. How have these stressors affected your overall
well-being?

3. Have you experienced any symptoms of anxiety related to your part-time

job?

● Clue: Examples of anxiety symptoms might include excessive worry,

restlessness, difficulty concentrating, or physical symptoms like rapid
heartbeat or sweating. Consider feelings of anxiety, stress, irritability, or
fatigue. Have you experienced difficulty sleeping or concentrating?

4. Do you feel that your part-time job has impacted your social life or
relationships?

● Clues: Think about how work has affected your time with friends and
family. Have you found it difficult to maintain social connections or
participate in extracurricular activities?

5. How do you manage stress and anxiety related to your part-time job?

● Clues: Discuss any coping mechanisms you've adopted, such as exercise,

relaxation techniques, or seeking support from friends and family. Are
 these strategies effective?

Option 2:

1. What are some reasons for your current part-time jobs?

2. What changes with your time-management did you experience when
doing a part-time job?
Follow-up questions:
Do you think that these changes are good for you? Why do you
think so?
How can you deal with those changes?
Do you think that we can learn a lot from changes in your life
when doing a part-time job? Why do you think so?

3. What changes with your studying did you experience when doing a part-
time job?
Follow-up questions:
Do you think that these changes are good for you? Why do you
think so?
How can you deal with those changes?
Do you think that we can learn a lot from changes in your life
when doing a part-time job? Why do you think so?

IV. Indicate your intention to record the information obtained during the
interviews

1. Verbal Consent:

● Before the interview, explicitly state your desire to record the conversation.
● Example: "Before we begin, I would like to ask if you would be comfortable with
me recording our conversation. This will help me capture your responses
accurately."

2. Written Consent:
 ● Provide a consent form for the interviewee to sign.
● The form should clearly state that you intend to record the interview and explain
how the recording will be used (e.g., for research, analysis, or documentation).

3. Recording Equipment:

● Visually indicate that you are recording by using a visible recording device (e.g., a
digital recorder or smartphone).
● Inform the interviewee that the recording is in progress.

Remember to:

● Respect the interviewee's privacy and ensure they are comfortable with the
recording.
● Obtain their explicit consent before starting the recording.
● Follow any relevant ethical guidelines or institutional policies regarding recording
interviews.