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Amines Important Topics

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33 views3 pages

Amines Important Topics

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akbusiness2209
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Amines Important Topics.

Very Short Answer type Questions


Q.1 Write the name of reduction product formed when ethyl cyanide is treated with sodium and alcohol.

Answer: When ethyl cyanide (CH₃CH₂CN) is treated with sodium (Na) in the presence of alcohol, the
reaction is known as Mendius Reduction. The nitrile group (-CN) gets reduced to a primary amine. The
reduction product formed propylamine.

CH₃CH₂CN+4[H] __Na/Alcohol__ → CH₃CH₂CH2 NH2

Q.2 Write the formula of Hinsberg’s reagent.

Answer: The formula of Hinsberg’s reagent is (C₆H₅SO₂Cl) benzenesulphonyl chloride

Q.3 Which amine does not react with Hinsberg’s in?

Answer: Tertiary amines do not react with Hinsberg’s reagent (C₆H₅SO₂Cl).

Reason – Hinsberg’s reagent reacts with primary and secondary amines because they have at least one
hydrogen atom on the nitrogen that can participate in the reaction to form sulfonamides. Tertiary
amines, however, lack a hydrogen atom on the nitrogen, so they do not undergo any reaction with
benzenesulfonyl chloride.

Q.4 Write the IUPAC name of (CH₃)₂NH.

Answer: N-Methylmethanamine OR Dimethylamine

Q.5 Write the product of the reaction between aniline and acetic anhydride.

Answer: Acetanilide is formed.

Short Answer Type Questions


Q.1 Why amines are basic in nature? Among dimethylamine (pKb = 3.27) and diethylamine (pKb= 3.0),
which is more basic?

Answer: Amines are basic in nature because they have a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.
This lone pair can accept a proton (H⁺) to form an amine salt. The ability of the nitrogen to donate its
lone pair makes amines basic.

The general reaction for amines acting as bases is:

RNH2 + H+ → RNH3 + RNH2 + H+ → RNH3+


The lower the pKb value, the stronger the base, because pKb is inversely related to the base strength.
Dimethylamine has a higher pKb value (3.27) compared to diethylamine (3.0), indicating that
diethylamine is more basic than dimethylamine. Thus, diethylamine is more basic than dimethylamine.

Q.2 What is the action of the following reagents on ethyl amine :

A) Chloroform and Caustic potash B) Nitrous acid C) Bromine water

Answer: A) When chloroform (CHCl₃) is treated with ethylamine in the presence of caustic potash (KOH),
it undergoes a Carbylamine reaction, forming an isocyanide (carbylamine).

Reaction: C2H5 NH2 + CHCl3 + KOH → C2H5NC + KCl + H2O

The product is ethyl isocyanide (C₂H₅NC), which is characterized by a foul odor.

B) When ethylamine is treated with nitrous acid (HNO₂), the amine group (-NH₂) gets diazotized, forming
an ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and releasing nitrogen gas.

Reaction: C2H5NH2 + HNO2 → C2H5OH + N2 + H2O

This is a diazotization reaction, where the amine group is converted to a hydroxyl group, and nitrogen gas
is evolved.

C) When ethylamine is treated with bromine water (Br₂/H₂O), the amine reacts with bromine to form a
white precipitate of 2,4,6-tribromoaniline.

Reaction: C2H5NH2 + Br2 + H2O → 2,4,6-tribromoaniline.

This reaction occurs because the amine group is an activating group for electrophilic substitution, leading
to the formation of the tribromo derivative.

Q.3 Write Chemical reactions to prepare ethanamine from :

A) Acetonitrile B) Nitroethane C) Ethyl Chloride

Answer:

A) Acetonitrile can be reduced to ethanamine using reduction with LiAlH₄ (Lithium Aluminium
Hydride).
Reaction: CH3CN + 4[H] _LiAlH4_ → C2H5NH2

In this reaction, acetonitrile is reduced to ethanamine.

B) Nitroethane can be reduced to ethanamine using reducing agents such as Iron and HCl or Sn/HCl
(Tin in Hydrochloric Acid).
Reaction: C2H5NO2 + 3[H] _Fe/HCl_ → C2H5NH2 + H2O

In this reaction, nitroethane undergoes reduction to form ethanamine.

C) Ethyl chloride (C₂H₅Cl) can be converted to ethanamine using ammonia (NH₃) in a nucleophilic
substitution reaction.
Reaction: C2H5Cl + NH3 → C2H5NH2 + HCl
In this reaction, ethyl chloride reacts with ammonia to form ethanamine.

Q.4 How is Benzophenone prepared from Benzonitrile.

Answer: Benzophenone can be prepared from benzonitrile through reduction followed by oxidation

(1) Reduction of Benzonitrile to Benzylamine:


Benzonitrile (C₆H₅CN) can be reduced to benzylamine (C₆H₅CH₂NH₂) using a reducing agent like
LiAlH₄ (Lithium Aluminum Hydride).
Reaction: C₆H₅CN + 4[H] _LiAlH4_ → C₆H₅CH₂NH₂
(2) Oxidation of Benzylamine to Benzophenone:
Benzylamine can be oxidized to benzophenone (C₆H₅COC₆H₅) using an oxidizing agent, mostly
chromic acid (H₂CrO₄) or potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇).
Reaction: C₆H₅CH₂NH2 + Oxidizing agent → C₆H₅COC₆H₅

This reaction involves the oxidation of the amine group (-NH₂) to a carbonyl group (-C=O), resulting in the
formation of benzophenone.

Q.5 How will you convert methyl cyanide to ethanoic acid?

Answer: To convert methyl cyanide (CH₃CN) to ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH), the process involves hydrolysis
and oxidation. Hydrolysis of Methyl Cyanide to Acetamide:

Methyl cyanide (also known as acetonitrile) can be hydrolyzed to form acetamide (CH₃CONH₂) by
treating it with water under acidic or basic conditions.

CH₃CN+H₂O _HCl or NaOH_ → CH₃CONH₂ This hydrolysis reaction breaks the nitrile group (-CN)
and forms acetamide.

Hydrolysis of Acetamide to Acetic Acid:

Acetamide can then be hydrolyzed to acetic acid (CH₃COOH) by further treatment with acid (usually HCl)
and heating. This reaction involves the cleavage of the amide group to form the carboxylic acid.

CH₃CONH₂ + H₂O _HCl,heat_ → CH₃COOH + NH₃ In this step, acetamide is hydrolyzed to


acetic acid by breaking the amide bond.

Overall reaction: CH₃CN _H₂O, HCl/NaOH, Heat_ → CH₃COOH

Thus, methyl cyanide (acetonitrile) is converted to ethanoic acid (acetic acid) through hydrolysis steps:
first to acetamide, then to acetic acid.

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