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Lecture 11

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4 views13 pages

Lecture 11

Uploaded by

pedialocal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Points and Crossings

Nikhil Saboo, IIT Roorkee


Imagination is what you need!!
Introduction

• Provided to help transfer railway


vehicles from one track to another.
• Tracks may be parallel, converging, or
diverging.
• Points or Switches help in diverting the
vehicles.
• Crossings provide gaps in the rails so
as to help the flanged wheels to roll
over them.
• A complete set of points and crossings
along with lead rails is called a Turnout
Crossing

Switch
Components of a turnout

• Right and left-hand


turnout.
• Standing at the toe and
looking at the crossing:
Facing direction.
• Reverse: Trailing
direction
Introduction

Basic Understanding
Switches

• A pair of stock rails


• It is running rail against which a tongue rail operates.

• Pair of tongue rails


• Also known as switch rail: tapered movable rail, made of high
carbon or manganese steel. Thicker end is attached to running
rail. Tapered end is called toe, thicker end is called heel.

• A pair of heels blocks which holds the heel of tongue rails


and is held at standard clearance from the stock rail.
• A number of slide chairs: to enable movement
• Two or more stretcher bars connecting both the tongue
rails close to the toe, for holding them at a fixed distance
from each other.
• A gauge tie plate to fix gauges and ensure correct gauge at
the point.
Switches: Types

• Two types: stud switch and split switch.


• In stud switch no additional tongue rails
are provided: they are no longer used.
• Split switch: loose heel type and fixed heel
type.
• Loose Heel type: tongue rail ends at the heel.
• Fixed heel: tongue rail extends further and
rigidly connected

• Toe of switch: Undercut and Overriding


Switches

• Switch angle: Angle between the gauge face of the


stock rail and the tongue rail at the theoretical toe in
its closed position.
• Flangeway clearance: Distance between the adjoining
faces of the running rail and the check rail/wing rail
at the nose of crossing. Provided for free passage of
wheel flanges.
• Heel divergence: Distance between gauge faces of the
stock rail and the tongue rail at the heel of the switch.
• Throw of switch: Distance through which tongue rail
moves laterally at the toe of the switch to allow
movement of trains. Limiting value: 95-115 mm for BG
and 89-100 mm for MG.
Crossing

• A crossing or frog is a device introduced at the


point where two gauge faces cross each other to
permit the flanges of a railway vehicle to pass
from one track to another.
• Check rails are introduced for proper movement.
• Point and splice rail: actual and theoretical nose
of crossing.
• Wing rails: right and left hand: Forms throat near
the nose and diverge again. They are flared at the
end.
• Types: Acute, obtuse (diamond), square
Crossing

• Position of sleepers: Sleepers are normally placed


perpendicular. At points and crossings longer sleepers are
used for some length.
• Number and angle of crossing: Three methods:
• Centre line method: N is measured along the CL of the crossing. N=(1/2)
cot (alp/2)
• Right angle method: Used in IR. N is measured along the base of right
angle triangle. N=cot(alp)
• Isosceles triangle method: N is taken as one of the sides of isosceles
triangle. N=(1/2)cosec(alp/2)

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