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16 views5 pages

Homework

Uploaded by

Mickey xz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Define the following term :


Molality (m)
2. Define the following term:
Molarity (M)
3. Define the following term:
Mole fraction
4. Calculate the molarity of 9.8% (w/W) solution of H,SO, if the density of the solution is 1.02 g
mL*.
. (Molar mass of H,SO, =
98 g mol 4)
5. Di erentiate between molarity and molality of a solution. How can we change molality value
of a solution into molarity value?
6. A solution of glucose (CH,2%%) in water is labelled as 10% by weight. What would be the
molality of the solution?
(Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol-')
7. Difterentiate between molarity and molality in a solution. What is the e ect of temperature
change on molarity and molality in a solution?
8. Di erentiate between molarity and molality of a solution. Explain how molarity value of a
solution can be converted into its molality?
9. A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180
g mol'') in water is labelled as 10% (by mass). What would be the molality and molarity of the
solution? (Density of solution = 1.2 g mL*')
10. Why aquatic animals are more comfortable in cold water than in warm water?
11. Gas (A) is more soluble in water than gas
(B) at the same temperature. Which one of the two gases will have the higher value of K, (Henry's
constant) and why?
12. Explain the following :
Henry's law about dissolution of a gas in a liquid.
13. State the following :
Henry's law about partial pressure of a gas in a mixture.
14. State Henry's law. Why is air diluted with helium in the tanks used by scuba divers?
15. State Henry's law. Calculate the solubility of CO, in water at 298 K under 760 mm Hg. for CO,
in water at 298 K is
1.25 x 10€ mm Hg)
16. Give reasons for the following.
(a) Aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water than in warm water.
(b) At higher altitudes people su er from anoxia resulting in inability to think.
17. State Henry's law and mention two of its important applications.
18. Explain why aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water rather than in warm water.
19. The partial pressure of ethane over a saturated solution containing 6.56 × 10-2 g of ethane is
1 bar. If the solution contains 5.0 × 10-2 g of ethane, then what will be the partial pressure of the
gas?
20. If N, gas is bubbled through water at
293 K, how many millimoles of N, gas would dissolve in 1 litre of water? Assume that N, exerts a
partial pressure of 0.987 bar. Given that Henry's law constant for N, at 293 K is 76.48 kbar.
(Al 2012C)
21. Identify which liquid will have a higher vapour pressure at 90°C if the boiling points of two
liquids A and B are 140°C and 180°C, respectively.
(One word, 2020)
22. Define Raoult's law.
23. State the following :
Raoult's law in its general form in reference to solutions.
24. State Raoult's law for the solution containing volatile components. What is the similarity
between Raoult's law and Henry's law?
25. State Raoult's law for a solution containing volatile components. Name the solution which
follows Raoult's law at all concentrations and temperatures.
26. State Raoult's law. How is it formulated for solutions of non-volatile solutes?
27. The vapour pressure of pure liquids A and B are 450 and 700 mm Hg respectively, at
350 K. Find out the composition of the liquid mixture if total vapour pressure is 600 mm Hg. Also
find the composition of the vapour phase.
28. What happens when acetone is added to pure ethanol?
29. Define the following term:
Ideal solution
30. In non-ideal solution, what type of deviation shows the formation of maximum boiling
azeotropes?
31. Some liquids on mixing form 'azeotropes.
What are 'azeotropes?
32. Define the following term :
Azeotrope
33. Write two di erences between ideal solutions and non-ideal solutions.
34. What type of azeotropic mixture will be formed by a solution of acetone and chloroform?
Justify on the basis of strength of intermolecular interactions that develop in the solution.
35. What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult's law? Give an example. What is the sign of
mix for positive deviation?
36. Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by positive deviation from Raoult's
law? Give an example.
37. What is meant by negative deviation from Raoult's law? Give an example. What is the sign of
Amix for negative deviation?
38. Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by negative deviation from Raoult's
law? Give an example.
39. What type of deviation is shown by a mixture of ethanol and acetone? Give reason.
40. What is meant by positive and negative deviations from Raoult's law and how is the sign of
Amix related to positive and negative deviations from Raoult's law?
41. Explain why a solution of chloroform and acetone shows negative deviation from
Raoult's law.
43. What happens when a pressure greater than osmotic pressure is applied on the solution
side separated from solvent by a semi-permeable membrane?
(1/2, 2020)
44. Give reason for the following :
Measurement of osmotic pressure method is preferred for the determination of molar masses
of macromolecules such as proteins and polymers.
45. Define the following term :
Colligative properties
46. Define the following term :
Osmotic pressure
47. What are isotonic solutions?
48. Define the following term :
Molal elevation constant (K,)
49. How is the vapour pressure of a solvent a ected when a non-volatile solute is dissolved in
it?
50. Explain the following :
Boiling point elevation constant for a solvent.

51. For a 5% solution of urea (Molar mass = 60 g/mol), calculate the osmotic pressure at
300 K.[R = 0.0821 L atm K-' mol 1 (2020)
52. Visha took two aqueous solutions - one containing 7.5 g of urea (Molar mass = 60 g/mol) and
the other containing 42.75 g of substance Z in 100 g of water, respectively.
It was observed that both the solutions froze at the same temperature. Calculate the molar
mass of Z.
(2020)
53. Give reasons :
(i) 0.1 M KCI has higher boiling point than
0.1 M glucose.
(ii) Meat is preserved for a longer time by
salting.
(2020)
54. Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 60 g of glucose (molar mass =
180 g mol ') in 250 g of water.
(K, of water = 1.86 K kg moll)
(2018)
55. (i) Out of 1 M glucose and 2 M glucose, which one has a higher boiling point and why?
(ii) What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic pressure
of solution?
(2/5, Delhi 2016)
56. Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. What happens if we place
blood cells in a solution containing
(i) 1.2% sodium chloride solution? (ii) 0.4% sodium chloride solution?
(2/5, Delhi 2016)
57. Why does a solution containing non-volatile solute have higher boiling point than the pure
solvent? Why is elevation of boiling point a colligative property?
(AI 2015)
58. Calculate the mass of compound (molar mass = 256 g mol-') to be dissolved in 75 g of
benzene to lower its freezing point by 0.48 K.
(K, = 5.12 K kg mol*").
(Delhi 2014)
59. 18 g of glucose, C,H,,% (Molar mass =
180 g mol ') is dissolved in 1 kg of water in a sauce pan. At what temperature will this solution
boil?
(K, for water = 0.52 K kg mol*', boiling point
of pure water = 373.15 K)
(Delhi 2013)
60. An aqueous solution of sodium chloride 69. Calculate the freezing point of the solution
freezes below 273 K. Explain the lowering
when 31 g of ethylene glycol (C,H,°,) is
in freezing point of water with the help of
dissolved in 500 g of water.
a suitable diagram.
(Delhi 2013C)
(K, for water = 1.86 K kg mol-') (Al2015)
61. Define the terms osmosis and osmotic
70. A solution containing 15 g urea (molar mass
pressure. Is the osmotic pressure of a solution
= 60 g mol*') per litre of solution in water
a colligative property? Explain.
has the same osmotic pressure (isotonic) as a
(2/5, Delhi 2011)
solution of glucose (molar mass = 180g mol-')
62. List any four factors on which the colligative
in water. Calculate the mass of glucose
properties of a solution depend.
present in one litre of its solution.
(2/5, AI 2011C)
63. Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid (Molar
mass = 176 g mol*') to be dissolved in 75 g
of acetic acid, to lower its freezing point by 1.5°C •
(K, = 3.9 K kg mol'')
(2020)
64. A 4% solution (w/w) of sucrose (M = 342 g mol'")
in water has a freezing point of 271.15 K.
Calculate the freezing point of 5% glucose (M = 180 g mol-') in water. (Given : Freezing
point of pure water = 273.15 K)
(Delhi 2019)
65. At 300 K, 30 g of glucose present in a litre of its solution has an osmotic pressure of 4.98 bar.
If the osmotic pressure of a glucose solution is 1.52 bar at the same temperature, what would
be its concentration?(Al 2019)
66. A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has freezing point of 269.15 K. Calculate the
freezing point of 10% glucose in water, if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.
(Given: Molar mass of sucrose = 342g mol !,
molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol 1)
(Delhi 2017)
67. 30 g of urea (M = 60 g mol-'] is dissolved in
846 g of water. Calculate the vapour pressure of water for this solution if vapour pressure of pure
water at 298 K is 23.8 mm Hg.
(3/5, A/ 2017)
68. Calculate the boiling point elevation for a solution prepared by adding 10 g of CaCl, to
200 g of water. (K, for water = 0.52 K kg mol',
molar mass of CaCi, = 111 g mol')
(3/5, Al 2017C, Foreign 2014) 69. Calculate the freezing point of the solution when 31 g of
ethylene glycol (C,H,O,) is dissolved in 500 g of water.
(K, for water = 1.86 K kg moll) (Al 2015)
70. A solution containing 15 g urea (molar mass = 60 g mol*') per litre of solution in water has
the same osmotic pressure (isotonic) as a
solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol*')
in water. Calculate the mass of glucose present in one litre of its solution.
(3/5, Al 2014)
71. Define the following terms :
(i) Osmotic pressure
(ii) Colligative properties (Foreign 2014)
72. Some ethylene glycol, HOCH,CH,OH, is added to your car's cooling system along with 5 kg
of water. If the freezing point of water-glycol solution is -15.0°C, what is the boiling point of the
solution?
(K, = 0.52 K kg mol-' and K, = 1.86 K kg
mol ' for water)
(Delhi 2014C)
73. 1.00 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in
50 g of benzene lowered the freezing point of benzene by 0.40 K. The freezing point depression
constant of benzene is 5.12 K kg mol"'. Find the molar mass of the solute.
74. A 5% solution (by mass) of cane-sugar in water has freezing point of 271 K. Calculate the
freezing point of 5% solution (by mass) of glucose in water if the freezing point of pure water is
273.15 K.
(Molecular masses: Glucose C,H,2%: 180 amu;
Cane-sugar C,H,°, : 342 amu]
75. A solution of glycerol (C,H,O,) in water was prepared by dissolving some glycerol in 500 g of
water. This solution has a boiling point of 100.42°C while pure water boils at 100°C. What mass
of glycerol was dissolved to make the solution?
(K, for water = 0.512 K kg mol-')

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