Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

7 ZestforProgressZ
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of artnership
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Science Grade 7 Quarter

4 - Module 4 Wind Systems
(Land & Sea Breezes,
Monsoon and ITCZ)

Name of Learner:
Grade & Section:
Name of School:
 MODULE Wind Systems (Land & Sea Breeze,
4 Monsoon and ITCZ)
What I Need to Know
In this module, you will learn the relationship of the directions of
the wind that indicates weather conditions, how fast it is moving, and
where it is moving. Furthermore, it accounts for the occurrence of
the land and sea breezes, monsoons, and intertropical convergence zone
(ITCZ)(S7ES-IVf-7).

After accomplishing this module, you are expected to:

1. Compare which warms up and cools down faster: air or water;
2. Differentiate land breeze from sea breeze; and
3. Distinguish monsoons from ITCZ.

What’s In
4

Direction. Complete the graphic organizer below by writing the five layers of the
atmosphere on the blank space after the number in an orderly manner. The answer
for item no. 1 has already been provided for you as your guide.
 What’s New
Activity 1: Tell me more! 6

Photo source: Mamangal Beach, Catanduanes

Answer the following questions:

1. Have you been to places like these?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. Why is it good to visit them?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3. How does the wind blow on beaches? Does it come from the same direction?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Activity 2. WHICH WARMS UP FASTER?

25

Objectives:
1. Compare which warms up and cools faster: sand or water; and
2. Use the results of the activity to explain sea breeze and land breeze.

Materials needed:
Two identical plastic containers
Two thermometers
water
sand

Procedure:
1. In the shade, set up everything as shown in the figure below.
The bulbs of the thermometer should be 2 cm below the
surface of the water and sand.
 2. Wait for 5 minutes, then read the initial temperature of the water and sand.

Record the temperature readings below.

Initial temperature reading for water:
Initial temperature reading for sand:

3. Now, place the setup under the heat of the sun. Reread the
thermometers and record the temperature readings in
Table1. Read every 5 minutes for 15minutes.
Table 1. Under the Sun
Observation
Time Water Sand
(minutes)
0
5
10
15

4. After 15 minutes, carry the setup to the shaded area. See the
thermometers and record the temperature readings in

Table 2. Read every 5 minutes for 15minutes.

Table 2. In the Shade
Observation
Time Water Sand
(minutes)
0
5
10
15

5. Analyze the data in the tables and answer the given questions.
6. Make a line in the graph using the temperature readings taken while the
setup was under the sun and shade.
 Guide Questions:

1. Which has a higher temperature after 15 minutes in the sun, water, or

sand?
2. After 15 minutes, how many degrees Celsius was the increase
in the temperature of the water? Of the sand?
3. Based on the graph, which turns hot faster, water or sand?
4. What happened to the temperature of water and sand when brought to
the shade?
5. How many degrees Celcius was the decrease in temperature of
the water after 15 minutes? Of the sand?
6. Based on the graph, which cools down faster, water or sand?

What is it

Monsoons arise from cold high-pressure winds moving toward

warm low-pressure regions. Amihan and Habagat are the two examples of
Monsoon that takes place in the Philippines. During the dry season, Amihan
or Northeast Monsoon can be observed. During the wet or rainy season,
Habagat or Southwest Monsoon can be observed in the country. Meanwhile,
the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) meets the tropical trade winds
associated with rainfall. The last and final wind system, which is prevalently
observable in the country, was the sea and land breeze.

Sea Breeze and Land Breeze

Due to the uneven distribution of the sun's heat on the earth's
surface because of several factors, regions in the coastal area exhibit a
distinct phenomenon that produces a particular wind system. During the
daytime, land heats up faster than the sea. Thus, the wind would blow
from the sea to the ground exhibiting sea breeze. During nighttime
opposite events happens, the water in the sea cools down slower
compared to land. Land cools faster, making an uneven temperature
between land and the sea during nighttime. Because of this, wind from
land blows towards the sea, exhibiting the Land Breeze.
As shown in the drawing below, the air above the land heats faster
than the air above the sea, making the air move up as hot air moves up.
When this happens, the sea's cool air will suddenly replace the heated
air that moves up from land producing a kind of cold wind from the sea
that proceeds from the sea to land. If you are standing on the beach
during the daytime, you will feel this light wind as the sea breeze.
 Figure 1. Occurrence of Sea Breeze at daytime

When the sun goes down during nighttime, land and the sea will both
cooldowns. However, the air above land would cool down faster than the air
above the sea. This is because the absorbed heat from land can be released
more quickly than the heat absorbed by the sea's water. The sea eventually
will possess more heat compared to land. In this case, the heated air above
the sea will rise, and the moving air from land will suddenly replace it. If
you are standing in the sea at night, you will probably feel the cold wind
blowing from the land called the Land Breeze.

Figure 2. Occurrence of Land Breeze at night

In the drawing shown above, there is an arrow pointing up. This arrow
signifies that there is a rising warm air in that part. This place where warm
air rises are regions where there is low air pressure. In other words, that
region is called Low-Pressure-Area. On the other hand, when air is cold, it is
dense and thick and tends to sink. This place where the air is sinking
possesses high air pressure, which is also denoted as a High-Pressure-Area
region. Based on our learnings, air moves from a high-pressure area to low
pressure area.

Monsoons
What do you know about Monsoon? Is it rain? No! they are not rain. They are
wind systems. However, this wind system brought tremendous rainfall to the
country; thus, many mistakenly consider Monsoon as rain. In Filipino,
monsoons are called amihan or habagat, depending on where the winds come
from. Northeast Monsoon is called Amihan, while southwest Monsoon is called
habagat.
Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

Many people confuse what this Intertropical Convergence Zone means, especially
when watching the news from televisions. However, if you know about the idea that
warm air rises and cold air goes down, it will be easy for us to figure out what ITCZ
is all about. Let us start recalling the tropic of cancer, which is also referred to as
the Northern Tropic. This is the most northerly circle of latitude on earth at which
the sun can be directly overhead. Its Southern Hemisphere counterpart, is the most
southerly position at which the sun can be directly overhead, is the Tropic of
Capricorn.

Figure 3. Shows sun's rays Figure 4. Movement of air in the

pointing towards the equator equator
and at a high latitude

As shown in Figure 3, Rays of the Sun are concentrated at two different places
at noon. It is in the equator and the tropics. Thus, it leads the air in that region to
rise since heated air moves up. As you can see in figure 4, air from north of the
equator and air from south of the equator will move toward the place where warm
air is rising to replace them. Thus, the intertropical convergence zone is the region
where winds in the tropics meet or converge. (Recall that the area near the equator
is called the tropics.) In time the rising warm air will form clouds, which may lead
to thunderstorms. Now you know why weather forecasters often blame the ITCZ for
some heavy afternoon rains. The band of white clouds in the following picture shows
the location of the ITCZ.

Figure 5. Photo of ITCZ is shown in the satellite taken from Wikimedia

 What’s More
10
Activity 3: Tell me more!
Directions: Write true on the space provided before each number if the statement is
true or false if the information is incorrect.

_____________1. When warm air rises, low pressure forms at the surface of the land
or sea.
____________ 2. In a sea breeze, the wind moves from the ocean to land.
____________ 3. The air is warmer above the land when sea breeze.
____________ 4. When sea breeze, land, and water absorb and release the sun's
heat in different ways when they originated in the day and blow
toward land.
____________ 5. The earth's surface is the initial source of energy to create winds.

Activity 4. Arrange Me!

Direction. Identify the word/s that is being described in the given
items below. You may arrange the jumbled letters below the box to 6
form the word matching the provided information statements.
Write each letter in the box; one box fits only one letter.

1. In the Philippines, they are also called amihan or habagat,

depending on where the wind is coming.

2. It is the moving air or wind from the sea during the daytime.

3. The moving of air or wind from land to sea during nighttime.

 What I Have Learned
Activity 5: Match the Catch! 5
Directions: Match column A to column B and write
only your answer on the blank provided.

Column A Column B
____1. ITCZ. a. Sea Breeze
____2. It occurs when cool air moves from b. Land Breeze
the beach toward the ocean during c. Intertropical Convergence Zone
the night. d. June to October
____ 3. A breeze blows from sea to e. Northwest Monsoon
land f. October to March
____ 4. The southwest monsoon or
“Habagat” occur during this
period
____ 5. The cool and dry monsoonal
wind occurs from October to
late March.

What I Can Do
4
Activity 6: Let’s add more!
Direction: Complete the table below.

SEA BREEZE LAND BREEZE

Day Night

The wind blows an area of high

pressure to low pressure.

Cool air sink (high pressure)

The wind moves from the sea to land

Warm air expands and rises (low

pressure)
 Assessment
Directions. Encircle the letter of the best answer. 15

1. During a land breeze which way does the wind blow?

a. From the sea to the land
b. From land to the sea
c. From south to north
d. From north to south
2.In a sea breeze, the air is warmer above the
a. Ocean
b. Sky
c. Land
d. Beach
3. Where does the initial source of energy creates winds?
a. The moon
b. The earth’s surface
c. The sun
d. The rotation of the earth
4. When warm air rises, ______ pressure forms at the surface of land or sea.
a. High
b. Low
c. Some
d. none
5. When does the Southwest Monsoon or “Habagat” occur?
a. June to October
b. October to March
c. March to May
d. December to January
6.Which breeze blows from land to sea?
a. Sea breeze, night
b. Land Breeze, Night
c. Land Breeze, Day
d. Sea Breeze, Day
7. Do land breezes typically happen during the day or night?
a. night c. both A and B
b. day d. None of them
8. In what cool and dry monsoonal wind occur from October to late March?
a. Northwest Monsoon
b. Southwest Monsoon
c. Southeast Monsoon
d. Northeast Monsoon
9. How does the wind move in a land breeze?
a. from land to the ocean
b. from the sea to the land
c. from east to west
d. from west to east
10. The strength of a sea breeze depends on
a. the difference between the temperature of the sea and land
b. the amount of precipitation that day
c. the wind speed
d. the heat of the day
11. What does ITCZ. Stands for?

a. Intertropical Convergence Zone

b. Intercontinental Convergence Zone
c. Inter-tropical Concurrence Zone
d. Intercontinental Concurrence Zone
12. How would you explain the occurrence of ITCZ?
I.It is the reason why we have thunderstorms
during certain months
II.It occurs during the warm months when these
places are much warmer than other sites on
earth.
III.It happens only in countries near the equator
because these places receive direct rays from the
sun.

a. I and III c. I and II

b. II and III d. I, II, and III
13. Land and water absorb and release the sun's heat in different ways.
One result of this is a sea breeze. Which statement is true of sea breezes?
a. They originate in the day and blow toward land.
b. They originate in the evening and blow toward land.
c. They originate in the day and blow toward the water.
d. They originate in the evening and blow toward the water.
14. How does the air move in a sea breeze?
a. Wind moves from north to south
b. Wind moves from land to the sea
c. Wind moves from the sea to land
d. Wind moves from south to north
15. What is TRUE about Intertropical Convergence Zone?
a. It occurs all year round.
b. It occurs in a country near the equator.
c. It is characterized by hot and humid water.
d. It is characterized by cold and humid, and dry air.
 Assessment
What I can Do 1. b
2. c
Activity 6 3. c
1. low pressure to high 4. b
pressure (Land 5. a
Breeze) 6. b What’s More
2. Warm air expands What’s I Have 7. a
and rise on land (low 8. d Activity 3. Tell
pressure) (Sea Breeze) Learned
9. a Me More
3. Wind blows from Activity 5 10.a
land toward the sea 1. True
11.a
(Land Breeze) 1. c 2. True
4. Cool air sink along
12.d.
2. b 3. True
the sea (high pressure) 13.a
3. a 4. True
(Sea Breeze) 14.c
4. f 5. False
15.b.
5. e
Activity 4.
1. MONSOONS
2. SEA
BREEZE
they measured it in different environments. 3. LAND
questions and in the thermometer readings since BREEZE
Answers may vary, especially on the guide
Activity 2. Exosphere 5.
Thermosphere 4.
Answers may vary Mesosphere 3.
Stratosphere 2.
Activity 1 Troposphere 1.
What’s New What’s In
Answer key – Gr7Q4W4-5 Science
References

Books:
Science Learner’s Manual, Page 247-254
Science Teacher’s Guide, Page 208-210

Development Team Region IX Hymn

OUR EDEN LAND
Writer: MA. CLAUDETTE S. ENRIQUEZ

Editors/QA: MATTHEW T. SABASALES Here the trees and Golden beams of

flower bloom sunrise and sunset,
Reviewer: MILA. P. ARAO Here the breezes Are visions you’ll
Illustrator: gently blow, never forget.
Oh! That’s Region
Layout Artist: Here the birds sing IX…
Management Team: merrily,
Danny B. Cordova,EdD, CESO VI And liberty forever Hardworking people
SDS-ZDS stays, Abound,
Ma. Colleen L. Emoricha, EdD, CESE Every valley and dale
ASDS Here the Badjaos Zamboangenos,
swam the seas Tagalogs, Bicolanos,
Mat Ranillo O. Singson,Ed.D Here the Samals Cebuanos, Ilocanos,
ASDs live in peace, Subanens, Boholanos,
Ilongos,
Here the Tausogs All of them are proud
Ma. Diosa Z. Peralta,Ed.D thrive so free, and true.
CID Chief With the Yakans in Region IX our Eden
unity. Land.

Ma. Madelene P. Mituda, Ed.D Gallant men Region IX, our Eden
EPS-LRMDS And ladies fair, Land.
Linger with love and
Mila P. Arao care
EPS-Science