14 2023 9월 고2 모의고사 변형문제

SET-3 20. 밑줄 친 부분이 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

18. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? Managers frequently try to play psychologist, to “figure out” why
an employee has acted in a certain way. Empathizing with
I would like to draw your attention to a problem that frequently employees in order to understand their point of view can be very
occurs with the No. 35 buses. There is a bus stop about halfway helpful. However, when dealing with a problem area, in particular,
along Fenny Road, at which the No. 35 buses are supposed to stop. remember that it is not the person who is bad, but the actions
It would appear, however, that some of your drivers are either exhibited on the job. Avoid making suggestions to employees
unaware of this bus stop or for some reason choose to ignore it, about personal traits they should change; instead suggest more
driving past even though the buses are not full. I would be grateful acceptable ways of performing. For example, instead of focusing on
if you could remind your drivers that this bus stop exists and that a person’s “unreliability,” a manager might focus on the fact that
they should be prepared to stop at it. I look forward to seeing an the employee “has been late to work seven times this month.” It
improvement in this service soon. is difficult for employees to change who they are; it is usually
much easier for them to change how they act.
① "No. 35 Bus Service: A Reliable Transportation Option?"
② "Improving Bus Stop Awareness for No. 35 Buses" ① Employees are resistant to change.
③ "John Williams' Experience with No. 35 Buses" ② Employees have difficulty improving their job performance.
④ "Addressing the No. 35 Bus Stop Issue" ③ Employees struggle with personal development.
⑤ "Enhancing No. 35 Bus Route Efficiency" ④ Employees often have negative personal traits.
⑤ Employees find it challenging to change their fundamental
19. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? nature.

My 10yearold appeared, in desperate need of a quarter. “A quarter? 21 다음 주어진 단어들을 문맥에 맞게 배열하시오 (필요시 문맥에
What on earth do you need a quarter for?” My tone bordered on 맞게 단어의 형태를 고치시오)
irritation. I didn’t want to be bothered with such a trivial demand.
“There’s a garage sale up the street, and there’s something I just I suspect fungi are a little more forward “thinking” than their larger
gotta have! It only costs a quarter. Please?” I placed a quarter in partners. Among trees, each species fights other species. Let’s
my son’s hand. Moments later, a little voice said, “Here, Mommy, assume the beeches native to Central Europe could emerge
this is for you.” I glanced down at the hands of my little son and victorious in most forests there. Would this really be an advantage?
saw a four-inch cream-colored statue of two small children hugging What / new / happen / the / and / pathogen / infect / killing /
one another. Inscribed at their feet were words that read It starts along / that / would / a / most / if / come / of / beeches / them?
with ‘L’ ends with ‘E’ and in between are ‘O’ and ‘V.’ As I In that case, wouldn’t it be more advantageous if there were a
watched him race back to the garage sale, I smiled with a heart full certain number of other species around ― oaks, maples, or firs ―
of happiness. That 25-cent garage sale purchase brought me a lot that would continue to grow and provide the shade needed for a
of joy. new generation of young beeches to sprout and grow up? Diversity
provides security for ancient forests. Because fungi are also very
① The author was initially irritated by their child's request for a dependent on stable conditions, they support other species
quarter. underground and protect them from complete collapse to ensure
② The child wanted a quarter to buy something at a garage sale. that one species of tree doesn’t manage to dominate.
③ The child surprised the author with a small gift purchased at the
garage sale. _______________________________________________________________________
④ The author found a cream-colored statue with a meaningful _______________________________________________________________________
message. _______________________________________________________________________
⑤ The garage sale purchase brought the author a lot of joy.
15 2023 9월 고2 모의고사 변형문제

22. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 단어로 적절한 것을 보기를 보고 적으시 23 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한
오. 주의: 번호를 꼭 확인하고 적으시오. 곳을 고르시오.

It's 1) _______________ that positive fantasies help us relax to such an It has relieved other pressures in the household, including longer
extent that it shows up in 2) _______________ tests. If you want to workdays and overscheduled children, and saved us time that we
unwind, you can take some deep breaths, get a massage, or go for can now invest in other pursuits.
a walk - but you can also try simply closing your eyes and 3)
_______________ about some future 4) _______________ that you might ( 1 ) If cooking is as central to human identity, biology, and
enjoy. But what about when your objective is to make your wish a culture as the biological anthropologist Richard Wrangham
reality? The last thing you want to be is relaxed. You want to be 5) suggests, it stands to reason that the decline of cooking in our time
_______________ enough to get off the couch and lose those 6) would have serious consequences for modern life, and so it has.
_______________ or find that job or study for that test, and you want (2) Are they all bad? Not at all. ( 3 ) The outsourcing of much
to be motivated enough to stay engaged even when the 7) of the work of cooking to corporations has relieved women of what
_______________ obstacles or 8) _______________ arise. The principle of has traditionally been their exclusive responsibility for feeding the
"Dream it. Wish it. Do it." does not hold true, and now we know family, making it easier for them to work outside the home and
why: in dreaming it, you 9) _______________ the energy you need to have careers. It has headed off many of the domestic conflicts that
do it. You put 10) _______________ in a temporary state of 11) such a large shift in gender roles and family dynamics was bound
_______________ happiness, calmness - and inactivity. to spark. ( 4 ) It has also allowed us to diversify our diets
substantially, making it possible even for people with no cooking
보기: fantasizing challenges yourself complete undercut skills and little money to enjoy a whole different cuisine. ( 5 ) All
outcome pounds remarkable inevitable energized that's required is a microwave.
physiological
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
1. _______________________ 2. _______________________
3. _______________________ 4. _______________________
5. _______________________ 6. _______________________
7. _______________________ 8. _______________________
9. _______________________ 10. _______________________
11. _______________________
16 2023 9월 고2 모의고사 변형문제

24 주어진 글의 다음 순서로 가장 적절한 것은? True/False: The text suggests that sell-by dates contribute to an
item's carbon footprint.
As you may already know, what and how you buy can be political.
To whom do you want to give your money? Which companies and True/False: People who lived during the Second World War often
corporations do you value and respect? have a negative opinion about sell-by dates.

(A) True/False: The sell-by date for a product is determined by

Are they committed to bringing about good in the world? For considering the time it takes for the product to reach the shelves
instance, my family has found a company producing recycled, and then subtracting a certain number of days.
plastic-packaging-free toilet paper with a social conscience.
True/False: The text recommends buying large packs of perishable
(B) goods to reduce waste.
They contribute 50 percent of their profits to the construction of
toilets around the world, and we're genuinely happy to spend our True/False: Non-perishable items are suggested as potentially cost-
money on this special toilet paper each month. Remember that the effective choices in the text.
corporate world is built on consumers, so as a consumer you have
the power to vote with your wallet and encourage companies to 30. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
embrace healthier and more sustainable practices with every
purchase you choose to make. The “jolt” of caffeine does wear off. Caffeine is removed from your
system by an enzyme within your liver, which gradually degrades it
(C) over time. Based in large part on genetics, some people have a
Be mindful about every purchase by carefully researching the more efficient version of the enzyme that degrades caffeine,
corporations that are taking our money to decide if they deserve allowing the liver to rapidly clear it from the bloodstream. These
our support. Do they have a record of polluting the environment, rare individuals can drink an espresso with dinner and fall fast
or do they have fairtrade practices and an end-of-life plan for the asleep at midnight without a problem. Others, however, have a
products they make? slower-acting version of the enzyme. It takes far longer for their
system to eliminate the same amount of caffeine. As a result, they
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C) are very sensitive to caffeine’s effects. One cup of tea or coffee in
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B) the morning will last much of the day, and should they have a
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A) second cup, even early in the afternoon, they will find it difficult to
fall asleep in the evening. Aging also alters the speed of caffeine
29. 다음 글을 읽고 글의 내용과 일치하면 True, 일치하지 않으면 clearance: the older we are, the longer it takes our brain and body
False에 표시하시오. to remove caffeine, and thus the more sensitive we become in later
life to caffeine’s sleep-disrupting influence.
There is little doubt that we are driven by the sell-by date. Once an
item is past that date it goes into the waste stream, further ① Caffeine is removed from the system by an enzyme in the liver
increasing its carbon footprint. Remember those items have already that degrades it over time.
travelled hundreds of miles to reach the shelves and once they go ② Genetics plays a significant role in how efficiently the body
into waste they start a new carbon mile journey. But we all make degrades caffeine.
our own judgement about sell-by dates; those brought up during ③ People with a slower-acting version of the caffeine-degrading
the Second World War are often scornful of the terrible waste they enzyme are less sensitive to caffeine's effects.
believe such caution encourages. The manufacturer of the food has ④ Aging can result in a slower clearance of caffeine from the body,
a view when making or growing something that by the time the making individuals more sensitive to its sleep-disrupting influence
product reaches the shelves it has already been travelling for so as they get older.
many days and possibly many miles. The manufacturer then decides ⑤ Some individuals can drink an espresso with dinner and fall
that a product can reasonably be consumed within say 90 days and asleep at midnight without any problem.
90 days minus so many days for travelling gives the sell-by date.
But whether it becomes toxic is something each individual can
decide. It would seem to make sense not to buy large packs of
perishable goods but nonperishable items may become cost-
effective.
17 2023 9월 고2 모의고사 변형문제

31. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 33. 밑줄 친 부분이 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Rebels may think they’re rebels, but clever marketers influence As always happens with natural selection, bats and their prey have
them just like the rest of us. Saying, “Everyone is doing it” may been engaged in a life-or-death sensory arms race for millions of
turn some people off from an idea. These people will look for years. It’s believed that hearing in moths arose specifically in
alternatives, which (if cleverly planned) can be exactly what a response to the threat of being eaten by bats. (Not all insects can
marketer or persuader wants you to believe. If I want you to hear.) Over millions of years, moths have evolved the ability to
consider an idea, and know you strongly reject popular opinion in detect sounds at ever higher frequencies, and, as they have, the
favor of maintaining your independence and uniqueness, I would frequencies of bats’ vocalizations have risen, too. Some moth
present the majority option first, which you would reject in favor of species have also evolved scales on their wings and a furlike coat
my actual preference. We are often tricked when we try to maintain on their bodies; both act as “acoustic camouflage,” by absorbing
a position of defiance. People use this reversal to make us sound waves in the frequencies emitted by bats, thereby preventing
independently” choose an option which suits their purposes. Some those sound waves from bouncing back. The B2 bomber and other
brands have taken full effect of our defiance towards the “stealth” aircraft have fuselages made of materials that do
mainstream and positioned themselves as rebels; which has created something similar with radar beams.
even stronger brand loyalty.
① Moths have developed the ability to mimic the sounds of bats.
① "The Subtle Art of Influencing Rebels: Marketing Insights" ② Moths have evolved to emit high-frequency sounds to confuse
② "Turning Rebels into Loyalists: A Marketer's Strategy" bats.
③ "Marketing's Rebel Dilemma: A Psychological Approach" ③ Moths use sound waves to communicate with each other.
④ "Clever Marketing: Navigating the Rebel Mindset" ④ Moths have adapted physical features to absorb sound waves
⑤ "Brand Loyalty Through Rebellion: Decoding the Game" emitted by bats.
⑤ Moths have evolved to produce loud sounds to deter bats.
32. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
34 다음 주어진 단어들을 문맥에 맞게 배열하시오 (필요시 문맥에
A typical soap opera creates an abstract world, in which a highly 맞게 단어의 형태를 고치시오)
complex web of relationships connects fictional characters that exist
first only in the minds of the program’s creators and are then Many / out / sort / human / into / to / manageable / a / information
recreated in the minds of the viewer. If you were to think about / and / of / thought / to / rest / be / screen / design / the /
how much human psychology, law, and even everyday physics the condition. The inflow of data from our senses could create an
viewer must know in order to follow and speculate about the plot, overwhelming chaos, especially given the enormous amount of
you would discover it is considerable — at least as much as the information available in culture and society. Out of all the sensory
knowledge required to follow and speculate about a piece of impressions and possible information, it is vital to find a small
modern mathematics, and in most cases, much more. Yet viewers amount that is most relevant to our individual needs and to
follow soap operas with ease. How are they able to cope with such organize that into a usable stock of knowledge. Expectancies
abstraction? Because, of course, the abstraction is built on an accomplish some of this work, helping to screen out information
extremely familiar framework. The characters in a soap opera and that is irrelevant to what is expected, and focusing our attention on
the relationships between them are very much like the real people clear contradictions. The processes of learning and memory are
and relationships we experience every day. The abstraction of a marked by a steady elimination of information. People notice only
soap opera is only a step removed from the real world. The mental a part of the world around them. Then, only a fraction of what they
“training” required to follow a soap opera is provided by our notice gets processed and stored into memory. And only part of
everyday lives. what gets committed to memory can be retrieved.
① Soap operas create abstract worlds that are difficult for viewers
to understand. _______________________________________________________________________
② Viewers of soap operas possess a deep understanding of human _______________________________________________________________________
psychology, law, and physics. _______________________________________________________________________
③ Soap operas are easier to follow than modern mathematics due
to their familiarity with real-life relationships.
④ Soap operas build upon a framework of familiar characters and
relationships, making them easy for viewers to understand.
⑤ Viewers of soap operas require specialized mental training to
comprehend the plot.
18 2023 9월 고2 모의고사 변형문제

35. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 단어로 적절한 것을 보기를 보고 적으시 37 주어진 글의 다음 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
오. 주의: 번호를 꼭 확인하고 적으시오.
Architects might say a machine can never design an innovative or
The irony of early democracy in Europe is that it 1) _______________ impressive building because a computer cannot be "creative." Yet
and prospered 2) _______________ because European 3) consider the Elbphilharmonie, a new concert hall in Hamburg, which
_______________ for a very long time were remarkably weak. For more contains a remarkably beautiful auditorium composed of ten
than a 4) _______________ after the fall of Rome, European rulers thousand interlocking acoustic panels.
lacked the 5) _______________ to assess what their people were
producing and to levy 6) _______________ taxes based on this. The (A)
most striking way to 7) _______________ European weakness is to The architects gave the system a set of criteria, and it generated a
show how 8) _______________ revenue they collected. Europeans set of possible designs for the architects to choose from. Similar
would 9) _______________ develop 10) _______________ systems of software has been used to design lightweight bicycle frames and
revenue collection, but it took them an 11) _______________ long time sturdier chairs, among much else.
to do so. In medieval times, and for part of the early 12)
_______________ era, Chinese emperors and Muslim caliphs were able (B)
to 13) _______________ much more of economic production than any It is the sort of space that makes one instinctively think that only a
European ruler with the 14) _______________ of small city­states. human being - and a human with a remarkably refined creative
sensibility, at that - could design something so aesthetically
보기: illustrate awfully strong substantial rulers precisely impressive. Yet the auditorium was, in fact, designed algorithmically,
little modern extract thrived exception millennium using a technique known as "parametric design."
eventually ability
(C)
1. _______________________ 2. _______________________ Are these systems behaving "creatively"? No, they are using lots of
3. _______________________ 4. _______________________ processing power to blindly generate varied possible designs,
5. _______________________ 6. _______________________ working in a very different way from a human being.
7. _______________________ 8. _______________________
9. _______________________ 10. _______________________ ① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
11. _______________________ 12. _______________________ ③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
13. _______________________ 14. _______________________ ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

36 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한

곳을 고르시오.

In markets where competitors sell slightly differentiated products,

advertising enables firms to inform their customers about new
products and services.

( 1 ) If you drive down a busy street, you will find many

competing businesses, often right next to one another. (2) For
example, in most places a consumer in search of a quick meal has
many choices, and more fast-food restaurants appear all the time.
These competing firms advertise heavily. ( 3 ) The temptation is
to see advertising as driving up the price of a product without any
benefit to the consumer. However, this misconception doesn't
account for why firms advertise. ( 4 ) Yes, costs rise, but
consumers also gain information to help make purchasing decisions.
( 5 ) Consumers also benefit from added variety, and we all get a
product that's pretty close to our vision of a perfect good - and no
other market structure delivers that outcome.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤
19 2023 9월 고2 모의고사 변형문제

38. 다음 글을 읽고 글의 내용과 일치하면 True, 일치하지 않으면 39. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
False에 표시하시오.
Much research has been carried out on the causes of engagement,
The brain is a high-energy consumer of glucose, which is its fuel. an issue that is important from both a theoretical and practical
Although the brain accounts for merely 3 percent of a person’s standpoint: identifying the drivers of work engagement may enable
body weight, it consumes 20 percent of the available fuel. Your us to manipulate or influence it. The causes of engagement fall into
brain can’t store fuel, however, so it has to “pay as it goes.” Since two major camps: situational and personal. The most influential
your brain is incredibly adaptive, it economizes its fuel resources. situational causes are job resources, feedback and leadership, the
Thus, during a period of high stress, it shifts away from the analysis latter, of course, being responsible for job resources and feedback.
of the nuances of a situation to a singular and fixed focus on the Indeed, leaders influence engagement by giving their employees
stressful situation at hand. You don’t sit back and speculate about honest and constructive feedback on their performance, and by
the meaning of life when you are stressed. Instead, you devote all providing them with the necessary resources that enable them to
your energy to trying to figure out what action to take. Sometimes, perform their job well. It is, however, noteworthy that although
however, this shift from the higher-thinking parts of the brain to engagement drives job performance, job performance also drives
the automatic and reflexive parts of the brain can lead you to do engagement. In other words, when employees are able to do their
something too quickly, without thinking. jobs well — to the point that they match or exceed their own
expectations and ambitions — they will engage more, be proud of
True/False: The brain consumes a significant portion of the body's their achievements, and find work more meaningful. This is
glucose supply. especially evident when people are employed in jobs that align with
their values.
True/False: The brain can store excess glucose as a backup energy
source. ① Identifying the drivers of work engagement may enable us to
manipulate or influence it.
True/False: During periods of high stress, the brain tends to focus ② The causes of engagement fall into two major camps: situational
on analyzing the nuances of a situation. and personal.
③ Job resources, feedback, and leadership are the most influential
True/False: The brain's response to stress involves shifting from situational causes of engagement.
higher-level thinking to a singular focus on the stressful situation. ④ Leaders influence engagement by giving employees honest and
constructive feedback on their performance.
True/False: Acting quickly and without thinking is always a ⑤ Job performance does not impact engagement, as engagement
disadvantage in stressful situations. solely drives job performance.
20 2023 9월 고2 모의고사 변형문제

40. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 41-42. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

In 2006, researchers conducted a study on the motivations for In England in the 1680s, it was unusual to live to the age of fifty.
helping after the September 11th terrorist attacks against the This was a period when knowledge was not spread widely, there
United States. In the study, they found that individuals who gave were few books and most people could not read. As a consequence,
money, blood, goods, or other forms of assistance because of knowledge passed down through the oral traditions of stories and
other-focused motives (giving to reduce another’s discomfort) were shared experiences. And since older people had accumulated more
almost four times more likely to still be giving support one year knowledge, the social norm was that to be over fifty was to be wise.
later than those whose original motivation was to reduce personal This social perception of age began to shift with the advent of new
distress. This effect likely stems from differences in emotional technologies such as the printing press. Over time, as more books
arousal. The events of September 11th emotionally affected people were printed, literacy increased, and the oral traditions of
throughout the United States. Those who gave to reduce their own knowledge transfer began to fade. With the fading of oral traditions,
distress reduced their emotional arousal with their initial gift, the wisdom of the old became less important and as a consequence
discharging that emotional distress. However, those who gave to being over fifty was no longer seen as signifying wisdom.
reduce others’ distress did not stop empathizing with victims who We are living in a period when the gap between chronological and
continued to struggle long after the attacks. biological age is changing fast and where social norms are
struggling to adapt. In a video produced by the AARP (formerly the
① "Motivations for Post-9/11 Aid: The Lasting Effects of Empathy" American Association of Retired Persons), young people were asked
② "Helping Others, Helping Ourselves: Post-9/11 Giving" to do various activities ‘just like an old person’. When older people
③ "Empathy and Long-Term Support: A Study on 9/11 Aid" joined them in the video, the gap between the stereotype and the
④ "The Emotional Dynamics of Post-Traumatic Giving" older people’s actual behaviour was striking. It is clear that in today’
⑤ "Aiding for the Long Haul: The Role of Empathy in Post-9/11 s world our social norms need to be updated quickly.
Support"
① In the 1680s, people over fifty were considered wise due to
limited knowledge and oral traditions.
② The advent of new technologies like the printing press led to a
shift in the perception of age and wisdom.
③ Older people today do not conform to stereotypes, highlighting
the need to update social norms.
④ The gap between chronological and biological age is shrinking
rapidly.
⑤ The fading of oral traditions has made being over fifty less
significant in signifying wisdom.