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Sum

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azis prasetyo
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Chapter 1: Key Issues in Second Language Acquisition

The chapter introduces the main issues that have arisen in the study of second language acquisition
(SLA). It begins by defining what is meant by "second language acquisition" and then discusses the
key questions that need to be addressed to understand how a second language (L2) is learned. The
chapter outlines the points that underlie the various perspectives that researchers have taken up in
order to study SLA. It also sets up a framework for the discussion of these issues in the rest of the
book.

The chapter highlights the importance of understanding SLA in both theoretical and practical
contexts, such as language teaching and language learning. It emphasizes that SLA is a complex
process involving many interrelated factors and that a comprehensive understanding of these factors
is necessary to develop effective language teaching methods. The chapter concludes by noting that
the study of SLA is still in its infancy and that there are still more questions than answers.

Chapter 2: The Role of the First Language

This chapter examines the role of the first language (L1) in second language acquisition. It discusses
how the L1 influences the acquisition of the L2 and how the L1 and L2 systems interact. The chapter
highlights the importance of understanding the L1 in SLA research, as it can provide valuable insights
into the process of language acquisition. It also notes that the L1 can be both a facilitator and a
barrier to the acquisition of the L2.

The chapter presents evidence from various studies that show how the L1 affects the acquisition of
the L2. For example, it discusses how the L1 can influence the order of acquisition of grammatical
morphemes and how it can affect the learner's ability to use the L2 accurately. The chapter
concludes by noting that the relationship between the L1 and L2 is complex and that further research
is needed to fully understand its implications for SLA.

Chapter 3: Interlanguage and the 'Natural' Route of Development

This chapter focuses on the concept of interlanguage and the claims that SLA follows a fixed,
universal route of development. It discusses the theory of interlanguage, which refers to the
systematic knowledge of a language that is independent of both the learner's L1 and the L2. The
chapter presents evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that support the idea of a
natural developmental route in SLA, where learners tend to progress along the interlanguage
continuum in a similar way, regardless of their L1 background or age.

The chapter highlights the findings of the morpheme studies, which were designed to investigate the
order of acquisition of grammatical functors in the speech of L2 learners. It notes that these studies
provided strong evidence in favor of a natural developmental route in SLA, where learners tend to
progress along the interlanguage continuum in a similar way. However, it also notes that there are
differences that can be attributed to individual preferences and the learner's L1.

The chapter concludes by noting that the study of SLA is still in its infancy and that there are still
more questions than answers. It emphasizes that a comprehensive understanding of SLA requires
considering both learner-internal and learner-external factors and that further research is needed to
fully understand the complex process of SLA.

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