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Physics Revision - Year 7

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18 views6 pages

Physics Revision - Year 7

Uploaded by

sudasinghesan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Physics

Introduction to Forces
A force is a push, pull or twist that can change an object's motion or shape.
A force can
- Begin to move (Hitting a ball with a golf club)
- Speed Up - (A skateboarder pushing along a path)
- Slow Down or stop moving (Car hitting brakes)
- Change direction (Hitting a shuttlecock with a badminton racquet)
- Change Shape ( A person modelling with Clay)
- Remain Still (Gravity acting on a pot plant)

Types of Forces
Force Name Contact or Description Example
non-contact

Friction Contact A force that opposes Slowing down on a


motion roller skate

Gravity Non-Contact Pulls together all A skydiver falling


matter towards the toward the ground
centre of the Earth

Electrostatic Non-Contact A force that occurs Hair stands up by


between electrically rubbing a balloon
charged objects onto hair

Magnetic Non-Contact Attracts materials Magnet attracting a


contain the metals nail
iron, cobalt or nickel

Buoyancy Contact A force that pushes Boat floats on water


upwards on objects
placed on liquid/gas

Mechanical Contact Any forces that are Levers, incline


produced by a planes and gears.
machine.
Gravity and Force

Gravity - The Force that pulls together all matter


Mass is the amount of matter in an object. It is measured in kilograms (kg), grams (g) or
tonnes (t) Your mass will stay the same wherever you go.
Weight is how much gravity force is pulling down on an object. It is measured in Newtons
(N). Weight changes according to the gravitational pull on different planets.

The equation for Weight Force is this can


be written in different ways as shown

WtF = m × g
WtF ÷ m = g
WtF ÷ g = m

Balanced Force & Unbalanced Force

Balanced Force - The forces acting in opposite directions are the same
We know that something is a balanced force if it is stationary or moving at a constant speed
Example - Car driving at constant speed/ Plant staying still
Unbalanced Force - When one or more opposite forces are larger than the others.
We know that something is unbalanced because the object will change speed, direction or
shape.
Example - Aeroplane taking off.

Friction - Force

Friction - Friction is a contact force between two surfaces that opposes motion
Variables that can affect friction
- Surface Area
- Amount of pressure put on the objects
- Roughness/Smoothness of the objects
‘
Disadvantages and Advantages of Friction

Advantages Disadvantages

It allows us to walk easily Causes machines to wear out easily

Brakes on vehicles Produces Heat

Simple Machines

Simple Machines definition - A simple machine is a machine that makes work easier to do. A
simple machine changes the size of the force, the direction of the force or the speed of the
force.

Types of Simple Machines


- Lever - seesaw
- Pulley - the fixed pulley in an elevator
- Wheel and an axle - wheels on cars
- Wedge - the blades of a scissor
- Inclined Plane - ramps
- Screw - a bolt
- State the relationship between the length of the lever arm and the force required to lift an object.
-

Levers

First Class Lever - A lever that has the fulcrum in between the effort and the load. An
example of a first-class lever is a see-saw or a car jack.
Second Class Lever - A lever that has the load between the fulcrum and the effort An
example of a second class lever is a wheelbarrow or a bottle-opener.
Third Class Lever - A lever that has the effort between the fulcrum and the effort. An
example of a third-class lever is tongs or a broom.

𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒


𝑀𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑑𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡
OR ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 OR 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑚
𝑀𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑑𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑚
If the mechanical force is very large, this tells us that the load lifted is larger than the effort
applied to lift the load.
If the mechanical force is less than one, this tells us that the load lifted is smaller than the
effort applied to lift the load.
Inclined Planes

Type of Inclined Description Example


Plane

Ramp A sloping surface joining two A wheelchair ramp.


different levels

Wedge 2 inclined planes joined together A shovel, the blades of a


scissors

Screw An inclined plane wound around a A bolt


shaft

Mechanical Advantage of an Inclined


Plane is

𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
𝑀𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑑𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

Pulley

Pulley - A simple machine made out of a grooved wheel and a rope that sits on top of a
grooved wheel. It changes the direction of the force or the size of the force.

Fixed Pulley
- Attached to a supporting structure and doesn’t move
- This pulley doesn’t change the force required (effort) it changes the direction of the
force.
Moveable Pulley
- Moveable pulleys are attached to the object that needs to be moved
- It is attached to the load
- It multiplies the input force
- Change the size required to move the load
A pulley system
A pulley system is a combination of moveable pulleys and fixed pulleys. Pulley systems
increase mechanical advantage.
The mechanical advantage of a pulley is calculated by counting the number of pulleys within
the system. If there is one pulley, the mechanical advantage is 1. If there are four pulleys the
mechanical advantage is 4. The more pulleys, the less effort force is needed but a longer
distance has to be pulled. The fewer pulleys, the more effort needed and less distance
needed to be pulled.

Net Force
Net force is the sum of all the forces acting on an object
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 = 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 × 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

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