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CBSE Notes > CBSE Notes For Class 7 > CBSE Notes Class 7 Maths > Chapter 8: Comparing
Quantities

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Comparing Quantities Class 7 Notes:

Chapter 8
Finding the Increase or Decrease in Percent Simple and Compound Interest Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 7 Maths Notes Chapter 8 Comparing Quant

According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been renumbered as
Chapter 7.

Prices Related to Buying and Selling

Prices related to an item

Prices related to an item are: (i) Selling price
(ii) Cost price
Selling price (SP) is the price at which a product is sold out.
Cost price (CP) is the buying price of an item.
Profit = Selling price – Cost price
Loss = Cost price – Selling price
If SP > CP , then it is profit.
If SP = CP , then it is neither profit nor loss.
If CP > SP , then it is loss.

To know more about Selling Price, visit here.

Finding the profit or loss percentage

P rofit
P rofit P ercentage = Cost P rice
× 100
Loss P ercentage = Loss × 100
CostP rice

To know more about Profit or Loss Percentage, visit here.

Percentages and Why Percentages

Percentages
Percentages are ratios expressed as a fraction of 100.
Percentages are represented by the symbol ‘%’.
Example:
20 = 20%
100
and
50 = 50%
100
.

Comparing percentages when denominator is not 100

When a ratio is not expressed in fraction of 100, then convert the fraction to an equivalent
fraction with denominator 100.
Example: Consider a fraction
3
5
.Multiply the numerator and denominator by 20.
⇒ 3×20 = 60 = 60%
5×20 100

Converting fractions/decimals to percentages

Converting Decimals to Percentages
Given decimal: 0.44
0.44 = 44 = 44 × 100% = 44%
100 100
Converting Fractions to Percentages
Given fraction:
3
5
Missing \end{array}

To know more about Fraction to Percentage Conversion, visit here.

Converting percentages to fractions/decimals

0.25 = 25 = 1
100 4
0.225 225 = 9
= 1000 40

To know more about Percentage to Fraction Conversion, visit here.

Estimation using percentages

Estimation can be done using percentages.

Example: What percentage of the given circle is shaded?

Solution: The given triangle consists of 8 regions, out of which 6 regions are shaded.
So, the percentage of shaded regions will be
6 × 100 = 3 × 100 = 75%
8 4
.

Interpreting percentage into usable data

Percentages can be interpreted into useful data.
Examples:
(i) 40% of Raghav’s clothes are not washed.
Raghav’s 40 clothes out of 100 clothes are not washed.
(ii) 30 % of students in class are infected by fever.
Out of 100 students in a class, 30 students are infected by fever.

Converting percentage to the form “how many”

Example: 200 chocolates were distributed among two children: Joe and Tom. Joe got
60% and Tom got 40% of the chocolates. How many chocolates will each get?
Solution: Total number of chocolates = 200
Joe got 60% of the chocolates =
60 × 200 = 120
100
Tom got 40% of the chocolates =
40 × 200 = 80
100
∴ Joe and Tom will get 120 and 80 chocolates, respectively.

Converting Ratios to percentages

Ratios can be expressed as percentages to understand certain situations much better.
Example: 200 chocolates were distributed among two children: James and Jacob. James
got
3
5
and Jacob got
2
5
of the chocolates. What is the percentage of chocolate that each got?
Solution: Total number of chocolates = 200
James got
3
5
of the chocolates =
3 × 100 = 60%
5
of the total chocolates.
Jacob got
2
5
of the chocolates =
2 × 100 = 40%
5
of the total chocolates.

To know more about Ratios to Percentages Conversion, visit here.

Introduction to Fractions and Ratios

For more information on Introduction to Fractions and Ratios, watch the
below video.

1,88,685

Comparing Quantities : Introduction

To compare two quantities, the units must be the same.
Examples:
(i) Joe’s height is 150 cm and Tom’s is 100 cm.
Ratio of Joe’s height to Tom’s height would be Joe’s height : Tom’s height.
= 150 : 100 = 3: 2
(ii) Ratio of 3 km to 30 m is 3 km : 30 m.
= 3000 m : 30 m
= 300 : 1

To know more on Comparing Quantities, visit here.

Ratios
For more information on Ratios, watch the below video.

81,131
Ratio is a relation between two quantities showing the number of times one value
contains or is contained within the other.
Example: If there are four girls and seven boys in a class, then the ratio of number of girls
to number of boys is 4:7.

Equivalent Ratios
By multiplying numerator and denominator of a rational number by a non zero integer, we
obtain another rational number equivalent to the given rational number. These are called
equivalent fractions.
Example:
1 = 1 × 2 = 2
3 3 2 6
and
1
3
are equivalent fractions.

Proportions
If two ratios are equal, then they are said to be in proportion.
Symbol “::” or “=” is used to equate the two ratios.
Example: (i) Ratios 2:3 and 6:9 are equal. They can be represented as 2:3 :: 6:9 or 2:3 = 6:9.
(ii) Ratios 1:2 and x:4 are in proportion.
12=x4
1×4=x×2
2x=4
x=2

To know more about Ratios and Proportion, visit here.

Finding the Increase or Decrease in Percent

Finding the percentage increase or decrease

Example: Price of a book was changed from ₹20 to ₹25 in a week. Calculate the
percentage increased.
Solution: Change in price = ₹25 – ₹20 = ₹5
Change in P rice
P ercentage Increased = Original P rice
=
5 × 100 = 25%
20

Simple and Compound Interest

Sum / principal
The money which has been borrowed is called sum or principal.
This money can be used by the borrower for a particular time period before returning to
the lender.
Example: Loan that you take from a bank is the principal.

Interest
Interest is the extra payment that a borrower should pay to the lender along with the
principal.

Amount
A borrower should return the principal amount (he/she has borrowed) and the interest to
the lender. This money is called amount.
Amount = Principal + Interest.

Simple Interest
Simple interest(SI) is the interest charged on a borrowed money where the principal
amount will be fixed for a particular time period.
Simple Interest = P ×R×N
100
P = Principal Amount, R = Interest rate
N = Number of years
Example: Calculate the simple interest for 3 years when the principal amount is 200 and
interest rate is 10% for 1 year.
Solution: Given: P = 200; R = 10%; T = 3 yrs
Simple Interest =
200×10××3 = 60
100
Amount = P + SI = Rs. (200 + 60) = Rs. 260

To know more about Simple Interest, visit here.

Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 7 Maths

Notes Chapter 8 Comparing Quantities
Q1 How do you define percentage?

Percentage is a relative value indicating hundredth parts of any quantity.

Q2 Whar is simple interest?

Simple interest is based on the principal amount of a loan or the first deposit in
a savings account.

Q3 What is the meaning of proportion?

A proportion is an equation in which two ratios are set equal to each other.

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