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Overloading

object oriented notes on overloading

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jeffieyyleone
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6 views

Overloading

object oriented notes on overloading

Uploaded by

jeffieyyleone
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C++ allows you to specify more than one definition for a function name or an operator in the

same scope, which is called function overloading and operator overloading respectively.

An overloaded declaration is a declaration that had been declared with the same name as a
previously declared declaration in the same scope, except that both declarations have different
arguments and obviously different definition (implementation).

When you call an overloaded function or operator, the compiler determines the most
appropriate definition to use by comparing the argument types you used to call the function or
operator with the parameter types specified in the definitions. The process of selecting the most
appropriate overloaded function or operator is called overload resolution.

Function overloading in C++:


You can have multiple definitions for the same function name in the same scope. The definition
of the function must differ from each other by the types and/or the number of arguments in the
argument list. You can not overload function declarations that differ only by return type.

Following is the example where same function print() is being used to print different data types:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class printData
{
public:
void print(int i) {
cout << "Printing int: " << i << endl;
}

void print(double f) {
cout << "Printing float: " << f << endl;
}

void print(char* c) {
cout << "Printing character: " << c << endl;
}
};

int main(void)
{
printData pd;

// Call print to print integer


pd.print(5);
// Call print to print float
pd.print(500.263);
// Call print to print character
pd.print("Hello C++");

return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:

Printing int: 5
Printing float: 500.263
Printing character: Hello C++
Operators overloading in C++:
You can redefine or overload most of the built-in operators available in C++. Thus a programmer
can use operators with user-defined types as well.

Overloaded operators are functions with special names the keyword operator followed by the
symbol for the operator being defined. Like any other function, an overloaded operator has a
return type and a parameter list.

Box operator+(const Box&);

declares the addition operator that can be used to add two Box objects and returns final Box
object. Most overloaded operators may be defined as ordinary non-member functions or as class
member functions. In case we define above function as non-member function of a class then we
would have to pass two arguments for each operand as follows:

Box operator+(const Box&, const Box&);

Following is the example to show the concept of operator over loading using a member function.
Here an object is passed as an argument whose properties will be accessed using this object, the
object which will call this operator can be accessed using this operator as explained below:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Box
{
public:

double getVolume(void)
{
return length * breadth * height;
}
void setLength( double len )
{
length = len;
}

void setBreadth( double bre )


{
breadth = bre;
}

void setHeight( double hei )


{
height = hei;
}
// Overload + operator to add two Box objects.
Box operator+(const Box& b)
{
Box box;
box.length = this->length + b.length;
box.breadth = this->breadth + b.breadth;
box.height = this->height + b.height;
return box;
}
private:
double length; // Length of a box
double breadth; // Breadth of a box
double height; // Height of a box
};
// Main function for the program
int main( )
{
Box Box1; // Declare Box1 of type Box
Box Box2; // Declare Box2 of type Box
Box Box3; // Declare Box3 of type Box
double volume = 0.0; // Store the volume of a box here

// box 1 specification
Box1.setLength(6.0);
Box1.setBreadth(7.0);
Box1.setHeight(5.0);

// box 2 specification
Box2.setLength(12.0);
Box2.setBreadth(13.0);
Box2.setHeight(10.0);

// volume of box 1
volume = Box1.getVolume();
cout << "Volume of Box1 : " << volume <<endl;

// volume of box 2
volume = Box2.getVolume();
cout << "Volume of Box2 : " << volume <<endl;

// Add two object as follows:


Box3 = Box1 + Box2;

// volume of box 3
volume = Box3.getVolume();
cout << "Volume of Box3 : " << volume <<endl;

return 0;
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:

Volume of Box1 : 210


Volume of Box2 : 1560
Volume of Box3 : 5400

Overloadable/Non-overloadableOperators:
Following is the list of operators which can be overloaded:

+ - * / % ^
& | ~ ! , =
< > <= >= ++ --
<< >> == != && ||
+= -= /= %= ^= &=
|= *= <<= >>= [] ()
-> ->* new new [] delete delete []

Following is the list of operators, which can not be overloaded:

:: .* . ?:

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