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Assignment -3
1) Differentiate between Circuit Switching, Message Switching, and Packet Switching.
Provide an example of each. 2) Explain the OSI model of computer network with a neat diagram. Explain the key differences between the OSI Reference Model and the TCP/IP Model. 3) Define synchronous and asynchronous transmission. How are they different from each other? 4) List the different types of network topologies and explain the benefits of using a mesh topology. 5) Explain how networking devices like routers, switches, and hubs differ in their functionalities within a network. 6) Describe the different modes of data transmission (Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full- Duplex). Provide an example of each mode. 7) How do line coding techniques help in the transmission of digital data? Explain with examples of NRZ. 8) Describe in detail the architecture of ISDN. What are the main components of ISDN, and how does it support multiple digital services over the same line? 9) Given a network where data needs to be transmitted over long distances using fiber-optic cables, how would you implement SONET? Describe the layers and frame structure involved in the process. 10) Discuss the factors affecting the choice of transmission medium (guided and unguided). In which scenarios would you prefer one over the other? Provide examples to support your answer. 11) Explain the various network performance criteria such as throughput, latency, bandwidth, and error rates. How would you optimize these parameters in a large-scale network? 12) What are the primary services provided by the Data Link Layer? Explain the concept of framing in the Data Link Layer and why it is necessary. 13) Briefly explain the concept of flow control in the Data Link Layer. 14) How does error control work in the Data Link Layer? Explain the steps involved in error detection and correction. 15) Discuss the limitations of using parity bits for error detection. In what situations would you prefer other methods such as CRC or Hamming codes.