/*
Voltaat learn (https://www.voltaat.com)
Link for full tutorial:
LiquidCrystal I2C Library:
https://learn.voltaat.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/LCD_library.zip
Tutorial: Build an auto watering system for plants using Arduino
The function of this code is to pump water to the plant when the plants need water
and stop the pump
if the soil of the plants is sufficiently saturated with water, and printing the
status of whether the plants
need water or not on a crystal screen.
Connections from the Arduino to the breadboard:
� Arduino 5v pin ? breadboard 5v line
� Arduino GND pin ? breadboard GND line
Connections from the Soil Moisture Sensor:
� VCC pin ? breadboard 5v line
� GND pin ? breadboard GND line
� A0 pin ? Arduino pin A0
Connections from the npn transistor:
� the emitter ? breadboard GND line
� the base ? resistor ? Arduino pin 3
Connections from the pump :
� the first wire ? the collector
� The second wire ? breadboard 5v line
Connection from the LCD:
� VCC pin ? breadboard 5v line
� GND pin? breadboard GND line
� SDA pin? Arduino analog pin A4
� SCL pin ? Arduino analog pin A5
*/
#include "LiquidCrystal_I2C.h" // Include the LiquidCrystal_I2C library
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2); // Create an instance of the LiquidCrystal_I2C
class with the specified address and dimensions
int soilMoistureValue = 0; // Variable to store the analog reading of soil
moisture
int percentage = 0; // Variable to store the calculated percentage of soil
moisture
void setup() {
pinMode(3, OUTPUT); // Set pin 3 as an output pin
lcd.init(); // Initialize the LCD display
lcd.backlight(); // Turn on the backlight of the LCD
lcd.clear(); // Clear the LCD display
digitalWrite(3, LOW); // Set pin 3 to a low state (initially turn off the pump)
void loop() {
soilMoistureValue = analogRead(A0); // Read the analog value from pin A0 connected
to the soil moisture sensor
percentage = map(soilMoistureValue, 490, 1023, 100, 0); // Map the analog value to
a percentage value between 0 and 100
if (percentage < 20) {
digitalWrite(3, HIGH); // Turn on the pump (set pin 3 to a high state)
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("The Plants need "); // print on the LCD display
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("water ");
lcd.setCursor(8, 1);
lcd.print(" PUMP ON");
if (percentage > 80) {
digitalWrite(3, LOW); // Turn off the pump (set pin 3 to a low state)
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Plants have been");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("watered");
lcd.setCursor(8, 1);
lcd.print("PUMP OFF");
