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12 views

doc3

db2

Uploaded by

renu.dandge
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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4.

Additional Commands for Practice


4.1 CREATE INDEX

You can create an index on a column to improve query performance.

Syntax:

sql
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CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name);

Example:

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CREATE INDEX idx_lastname
ON Employees (LastName);

4.2 CONSTRAINTS in CREATE Table

 PRIMARY KEY: Ensures uniqueness of a column.


 FOREIGN KEY: Establishes a relationship between two tables.
 UNIQUE: Ensures all values in a column are different.
 CHECK: Ensures the data in a column satisfies a condition.

Example with Constraints:

sql
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CREATE TABLE Orders (
OrderID INT PRIMARY KEY,
CustomerID INT,
OrderDate DATE,
Amount DECIMAL(10, 2),
CONSTRAINT FK_Customer FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID)
REFERENCES Customers(CustomerID),
CHECK (Amount > 0)
);

5. Common Errors to Watch For


 Syntax errors: Ensure that commands are structured correctly with proper commas
and parentheses.
 Constraint violations: Ensure you are inserting values that satisfy the constraints
defined in your schema.
 Data type mismatches: Ensure the data type of inserted values matches the column
definitions.
6. Further Learning Resources
 SQL Documentation: Most RDBMS (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server)
provide extensive documentation.
 SQL Practice Websites: Websites like LeetCode SQL Practice, HackerRank SQL,
and SQLZoo are great places to practice queries.
 Books: "SQL for Smarties" by Joe Celko, "Learning SQL" by Alan Beaulieu.

This manual provides you with a strong foundation in SQL’s DDL and DML commands.
Practicing these commands will help you better understand relational database design and
management.

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