Learning Episode

Preparing for Teaching

Field Study 1

and Learning
FS 1 9

Spark your Interest

This Episode gives emphasis on the principles of learning which must be

applied to ensure quality instruction. It also focuses on the intended outcomes
which set the direction of the lesson. They must be (SMART) Specific,
Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time-bound and formulated in accordance
with time-tested principles. It also determines the teaching method use by the
Resource Teacher whether (inductive or deductive) which is the practical
realization or application of an approach. This episode dovetails with the
course on Facilitating Learner-Centered Teaching.

Target your Intended Learning Outcome

At the end of this Episode, I must be able to:

➢ Identify the teaching-learning practices that apply or violate the
principles of teaching learning;
➢ Determine the guiding principles on lesson objectives/learning outcomes
applied in instruction;
➢ Judge if lesson objectives/intended learning outcomes are SMART;
➢ Determine whether or not the intended learning outcomes are achieved at
the end of the lesson;
➢ Observe the teaching methods used by the Resource Teacher; and
➢ Differentiate the different methods of teaching.

Revisit the Learning Essentials

These are the time-tested principles of teaching and learning :

1. Effective learning begins with setting clear expectations and

learning outcomes.

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 2. Learning is an active process. “what I hear, I forget; what I see, I
remember; what I do, I understand.”
3. Learning is the discovery of the personal meaning of ideas. Students
are given the opportunity to connect what they learn with other
concepts learned, with real world experiences and with their own
lives
4. Learning is a cooperative and a collaborative process.

A teaching method consists of systematic and orderly steps in the

teaching-learning process. It is the practical realization or application
of an approach. All methods of teaching can be classified either as
deductive(direct) or inductive (indirect).

DEDUCTIVE
INDUCTIVE
Begins with a
rule, Begins with the
generalization, concrete,
abstraction and Methods experience,
ends with of details, examples
concrete, Teaching and ends with a
experience, rule,
details, examples generalization,
abstraction.

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 Observe, Analyze, Reflect

Activity 9.2 identifying Learning Outcomes that are Aligned with

Learning Competencies
Resource Teacher______________Teacher’s Signature_________School__________
Grade/Year Level:____________Subject Area________________Date_____________

Observe
Observe a class, this time focusing on how the learning outcomes
were stated. Determine if the learning outcomes/s was/were achieved or not.
Give evidence.

Which of the seven types curriculum in the school setting is easy to

find? Why?
Which is difficult to observe? Why?

Are these all found in the school setting? how do curricula relate to one
another?

Draw a diagram to show the relationship of one curriculum to the other.

Principles of Learning What did the Resource Teacher do to

apply the principle of learning
1. Effective learning begins with
the setting of clear and high
expectations of learning
outcomes.
2. Learning is an active process

3. Learning is the discovery of

personal meaning and relevance
of ideas.
4. Learning is cooperative and a
collaborative process.
Learning is enhanced in an
atmosphere of cooperation and
collaboration.

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 Analyze

1. What principles of learning were most applied? Least applied?

Most applied
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Least applied
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Give instances where this/these principle/s could have been applied?

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REFLECT

From among the principles of learning, which one do you think is the most
important?

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 Observe, Analyze, Reflect

Activity 9.2 Identifying Learning Outcomes that are Aligned with

Learning Competencies
Resource Teacher______________Teacher’s Signature_________School__________

Grade/Year Level:____________Subject Area________________Date_____________

Observe
Observe a class, this time focusing on how the learning outcomes
were stated. Determine if the learning outcomes/s was/were achieved or
not. Give evidence.
1. Write the learning outcomes stated in the lesson.

Learning Outcomes (SMART Objectives?) Achieved

Yes No Yes No

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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2. Cite pieces of evidence that these learning outcomes were achieved.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Analyze

1. Do SMART objectives make the lesson more focused?

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 REFLECT
Reflect on the
Lesson learned in determining SMART learning outcomes.

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 Observe, Analyze, Reflect

Activity 9.3 Distinguishing Between inductive and Deductive Methods

of Teaching
Resource Teacher______________Teacher’s Signature_________School__________

Grade/Year Level:____________Subject Area________________Date_____________

Observe
I will observe one Resource Teacher with the use of this
observation sheet. Using the guide questions, I shall reflect on my
observations and analysis.

Teacher-centered Student-centered
Did teacher lecture all the time? Were students involved in the
teaching-learning process? How? Or
mere passive recipients of
instruction?

Was the emphasis on the mastery of Was the emphasis on the students’
the lesson or on the test? Prove. application of the lesson in real
life? Give proofs.

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Was class atmosphere competitive? Was class atmosphere collaborative?
Why? Why?

Did teacher focus only on one Did teacher connect lesson to other
discipline/subject? disciplines/ subjects?

What teaching-learning practice shows that teaching approach was:

a) Contructivist-connected to past experience of learners; learners
constructed new lesson meanings

b) Inquiry-based

c) Developmentally appropriate-learning activities fit the developmental

stage of children

d) Reflective

e) Inclusive – No learner was excluded; teacher taught everybody.

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f) Collaborative- students worked together.

g) Integrative- Lesson was multidisciplinary- e.g. In Science, Math

concepts were taught.

Analyze
1. What are possible consequences of teaching purely subject matter for
mastery and for the test?
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2. If you were to reteach the classes you observed, would you be teacher-
centered or student-centered? Why?
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REFLECT
Reflect on Principles of Teaching worth applying

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