1

Chapter 1 Android and It’s Tools by Nikhil Shende – Mountreach Solution Pvt Ltd

Chapter 1 Android and It’s Tools

WHAT IS ANDROID
Q1: - What is Android and Important of OHO
➢ Android is an open-source and Linux-based Operating System for mobile devices such
as smartphones and tablet computers.

➢ The Company named Open Handset Alliance developed Android for the first time
Google Sponsored the project at initial stage and in the year 2005, it acquires the whole
company.

➢ The First Beta Version of the Android Software Development was release released by
Google in 2007 where as the first commercial version Android 1.0 was released in
September 2008 in the HTC Dream.

➢ Android offers a unified approach to application development for mobile devices which
means developers need only develop for Android, and their applications should be able
to run on different devices powered by Android.

➢ Android applications are usually developed in the Java language using the Android
Software Development Kit.

➢ The source code for Android is available under free and open source software are also
free so those who wants to write code and build the app can used it freely and easily.

➢ The goal of android project is to create a successful real-world product that improve
the mobile experience for end user.

OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE (OHA)

Q2: - Define OHA and goal of OHA? (W-2022- 2 Marks)

➢ The Open Handset Alliance is a group of 84 Technology and Mobile Companies that is
InCharge of the Android smartphone operating system

➢ OHA members are primarily Mobile Operator, Handset Manufacturers, Semiconductor

Companies, Software Companies and Commercialization Companies such as Google,
HTC, Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics
etc.

MR. NIKHIL SHENDE |

 2
Chapter 1 Android and It’s Tools by Nikhil Shende – Mountreach Solution Pvt Ltd

➢ The Open Handset Alliance (OHA) is led by Google.

➢ The Open Handset Alliance (OHA) is a business alliance whose goal is to develop open
standards for mobile device, promote Innovation in Mobile Phone and provide better
experience for consumer at a lower cost

➢ All Parts of the Mobile ecosystem are represented in the OHA

➢ The Primary Goal of the OHA is to create unified platform for mobile device that is
open, flexible and scalable

➢ OHA also works to promote the Android Platform and supports its adoption by device
manufacturers and developers

➢ This includes providing resources, tools and support for developer to create and
distributes Android app, as well as working to ensure that the platform remains secure
and stable

➢ Overall, the OHA plays a key role in the development and growth of the android
platform. Due to the work of OHA Android has become one of the most widely used
mobile operating system in the world.

ANDROID HISTORY
Q3: - What is Android and its history? write any 8 version of Android with its API level and
Codename?

➢ Android Incorporation was founded by Andy Rubin in Palo Alto, California, United
State in October 2003

➢ Google Acquired android Incorporation in 17th August 2005. Since then it is in the
subsidiary of Google Incorporation

➢ The Main Employee of Android Incorporation are Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick
Sears, and Chris White in Palo Alto, California.

➢ The Name of Android come from nickname given to Andy Rubin by his co-worker at
Apple based on his love of robots.

MR. NIKHIL SHENDE |

 3
Chapter 1 Android and It’s Tools by Nikhil Shende – Mountreach Solution Pvt Ltd

➢ Google Announces the development of android OS in 2007 and The beta version was
released on November 5, 2007.

➢ The first commercial version Android 1.0, was released in September 2008 in the HTC
Dream.

➢ The Name for every new version of update in based on ‘desserts’

➢ Android History with its version name and release dates are mentioned in following
table 1.1

Internal codename Version number(s)

Cupcake 1.5

Donut 1.6

Éclair 2.1

Froyo 2.2

Gingerbread 2.3.3 – 2.3.7

Honeycomb 3.0, 3.2 and 3.3

Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0

Jelly Bean 4.1,4.2 and 4.3

KitKat 4.4

MR. NIKHIL SHENDE |

 4
Chapter 1 Android and It’s Tools by Nikhil Shende – Mountreach Solution Pvt Ltd

Lollipop 5.0

Marshmallow 6.0

Nougat 7.0

Oreo 8.0

Pie 9.0

Android 10

Android 11

Android12

Android13

MR. NIKHIL SHENDE |

 5
Chapter 1 Android and It’s Tools by Nikhil Shende – Mountreach Solution Pvt Ltd

ANDROID ECOSYSTEM
Q4: - Explain the Android Ecosystem
Q5: - List Various components of android Ecosystem

➢ Android ecosystem is nothing but the relationship between Users,

Developers/Programmers, and Hardware equipment makers.

➢ The Android ecosystem is nothing but the mutual dependence between Users,
Developers, and equipment makers. they are interdependent on each other so one
cannot exist without the other.

➢ The main block of the android ecosystem is:

❖ Android User
❖ Developer
❖ Equipment Maker

➢ Let discuss the of the Android ecosystem components one by one:

❖ 1. Android User (Users buy handsets and software Application)
▪ Android User who purchases the handset and application are the major
contributor to the ecosystem.

▪ Android users have more space for customize for their android devices.

▪ Android is low cost and easy for the user to use.

▪ Android provide freedom to the user to choose what application to be

installed and how much space to be used in application.

❖ 2. Developers (Sell Application)

▪ Android Developers are the professional software developer in designing
applications as well as developing applications for Android.

▪ Some of the following tasks where an android developer can play his role
in the development of android apps:
• Design and develop advanced applications for the android
platform

• Deliver new cool features.

MR. NIKHIL SHENDE |

 6
Chapter 1 Android and It’s Tools by Nikhil Shende – Mountreach Solution Pvt Ltd

• Troubleshoot and fix bugs in new and existing applications for

Users.

• Provide user facility to simplify their work in their routing

❖ 3. Equipment Maker:
• Equipment Maker means Original Equipment Manufacturers
(OEMs) build an equipment on which Android OS and Android
App work.

• Equipment Maker not only work for android device but also for
tablets, Smartwatches, Internet TV/Smart TV, Smart
Speakers, E-Reader etc.

MR. NIKHIL SHENDE |

 7
Chapter 1 Android and It’s Tools by Nikhil Shende – Mountreach Solution Pvt Ltd

NEED OF ANDROID/ WHY ANDROID

Q6: - Explain need of android?
Q7: - What is android and why to used it?

➢ There are so many reasons you should choose the Android platform for mobile
application development.
❖ Zero/negligible development cost
• The development tools like Android SDK, JDK, and Eclipse IDE, etc. are
free to download for the android mobile application development. Also,
Google charges a small fee of $25, to distribute your mobile app on the
Android Market.

❖ Open Source
• The Android OS is an open-source platform based on the Linux kernel and
multiple open-source libraries. In this way, developers are free to contribute
to or extend the platform as necessary for building mobile apps which run
on Android devices.

❖ Multi-Platform Support
• In the market, there is a wide range of hardware devices powered by the
Android OS, including many different phones and tablets. Even the
development of android mobile apps can occur on Windows, Mac OS, or
Linux.

❖ Multi-Carrier Support
• World wide a large number of telecom carriers like Airtel, Vodafone, Idea
Cellular, AT&T Mobility, BSNL, etc. are supporting Android-powered
phones.
•
❖ Open Distribution Model
• Android Market place (Google Play store) has very few restrictions on the
content or functionality of an android app. So the developer can distribute
their app through the Google Play store and as well other distribution
channels like Amazon’s app store.

MR. NIKHIL SHENDE |

 8
Chapter 1 Android and It’s Tools by Nikhil Shende – Mountreach Solution Pvt Ltd

FEARURES OF ANDROID
Q8: - Describe the different feature of Android (W-2022-4 Marks)
Q9: - Explain features of Android SDK (W-2022- 4 Marks)
Q10: - List any Four feature of Android (S-2022-2 Marks)

The important features of android are given below:

❖ It is open-source.
❖ Anyone can customize the Android Platform.
❖ There are a lot of mobile applications that can be chosen by the consumer.
❖ It provides many interesting features like weather details, opening screen, live
Streaming etc.
There are numerous features of android. Some of them are listed below:
➢ Beautiful UI :- Android OS Basic provides a beautiful user interface

➢ Connectivity: - Android supports multiple connectivity technologies including GSM,

, CDMA, , Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Hotspot, USB, NFC.

➢ Storage: - SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes

➢ Media support: - Android supports various types of audio/video/still media formats

like MP3,, JPEG, PNG,GIF etc.

➢ Messaging: - SMS and MMS are available forms of messaging.

➢ Open Source:- Android is Open Source, enabling developers to access and modify the
source code, promoting innovation and customization.

➢ Multi-tasking: - Multitasking of applications, with unique handling of memory

allocation, is available, using this users can jump from one task to another and at the
same time various applications can run simultaneously

➢ Multi-touch: - Android has native support for multi-touch which was initially
made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero

➢ Multi-Language: - Android supports multiple languages, also supports the single

direction and bi-directional text

MR. NIKHIL SHENDE |

 9
Chapter 1 Android and It’s Tools by Nikhil Shende – Mountreach Solution Pvt Ltd

➢ GCM:- Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is a service that lets developers send short
message data to their users on Android device.

➢ Wi-Fi Direct: - A technology that lets apps discover and pair directly, over a high-
bandwidth peer-to-peer connection.

➢ Android Beam: - A popular NFC-based technology that lets users instantly share, just
by touching two NFC-enabled phones together

➢ Storage and Batter Swap:-Android Phone also have hardware capabilities, Google’s
OS makes it possible to upgrade, replace and remove your battery that no longer hold
a charge. In Addition, Android comes with SD card Slots for expandable storage.

➢ Resizable widgets: - Widgets are resizable, so users can expand them to show more
content or shrink them to save space

➢ Web browser: - The web browser available in Android is based on the open-source
Blink (previously WebKit) layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine
supporting HTML5 and CSS3

➢ Screen capture: - Android supports capturing a screenshot by pressing the power and
home-screen buttons at the same time. This feature supports after Android 4.0

MR. NIKHIL SHENDE |

 10
Chapter 1 Android and It’s Tools by Nikhil Shende – Mountreach Solution Pvt Ltd

TOOLS AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT FOR DEVELOPING AN

ANDROID APPLICATION
Q11: - List out software and hardware requirement for android application development

➢ Android application can be developed on either of the following operating systems −

1. Microsoft Windows XP or later version.
2. Mac OS X 10.5.8 or later version with Intel chip.
3. Linux including GNU C Library 2.7 or later.

➢ Second point is that all the required tools to develop Android applications are freely
available and can be downloaded from the Web. Following is the list of software's you
will need before you start your Android application programming.
• Java JDK5 or later version
• Android Studio

Set-up Java Development Kit (JDK)

➢ You can download the latest version of Java JDK from Oracle's Java site − Java SE
Downloads. You will find instructions for installing JDK in downloaded files,

➢ First of all, we need a Java JDK, and if you are previously used java then you should
be familiar with Java, and you probably have Java JDK installed on your computer.

➢ Setup JDK (Java Development Kit)

• So the website always changes but if you go to google and type in "download
Java JDK" the first thing you will get the download link of Java
Development Kit, now if you click and go to Java download link you will
get different version of Java SE Development Kit listed here for download,
and you can download and install this according to your operating system.

➢ Install Android Studio

• Download and install Android Studio. Choose a “Custom” setup when
prompted to select an installation type. Make sure the boxes next to all of
the following are checked:
✓ Android SDK
✓ Android SDK Platform
✓ Performance (Intel ® HAXM)
✓ Android Virtual Device
• Then, click “Next” to install all of these components.

MR. NIKHIL SHENDE |

 11
Chapter 1 Android and It’s Tools by Nikhil Shende – Mountreach Solution Pvt Ltd

• Once setup has finalized and you’re presented with the Welcome screen, -
proceed to the next step.

➢ Hardware requirement:-
• RAM minimum 4 GB
• HDD 500 GB or 512 SDD
• 2 GB Graphics Card
• 64 bit processor

MR. NIKHIL SHENDE |

 12
Chapter 1 Android and It’s Tools by Nikhil Shende – Mountreach Solution Pvt Ltd

ANDROID ARCHITECTURE
Q12: - Describe the android architecture with diagram (S-2022-4 Marks)
Q13: - Explain the Android System Architecture in details (W-2022-4 Marks)

Android operating system is a stack of software components which is roughly divided into five
sections and four main layers.
1. Applications
2. Application Framework
3. Android Runtime
4. Native Libraries (middleware),
5. Linux Kernel
Let's see the android architecture first.

MR. NIKHIL SHENDE |

 13
Chapter 1 Android and It’s Tools by Nikhil Shende – Mountreach Solution Pvt Ltd

1. Applications
Applications is the top layer of android architecture.
The pre-installed applications like home, contacts, camera, gallery etc and third party
applications downloaded from the play store like chat applications, games etc. will be installed
on this layer only.
This layer consist of 3 Main Part:
➢ Native Apps
➢ Third Party Apps
➢ Developer App

2. Application framework
Application Framework provides several important classes which are used to create an Android
application.
It provides a generic service and manager for hardware access and also helps in managing the
user interface with application resources.
Generally, it provides the services with the help of which we can create a particular class and
make that class helpful for the Applications creation.
The Application framework includes services like Activity Manager, Windows Manager,
Content Provider, View System, Package Manager, Telephony Service, Resource Manager,
Location Service, Notification Manager, NFC Service, etc which we can use from application
development as per our requirement.
3. Application runtime
These core library enable android developer to write android application using standard
java programming language.
Android Runtime environment is one of the most important part of Android. It contains
components like core libraries and the Dalvik virtual machine(DVM).
Mainly, it provides the base for the application framework and powers our application with the
help of the core libraries.
Like Java Virtual Machine (JVM), Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) is a register-based
virtual machine and it is specially designed and optimized to run Android Application.
It depends on the layer Linux kernel and low-level memory management. The core libraries
enable us to implement android applications using the standard JAVA or Kotlin programming
languages.

MR. NIKHIL SHENDE |

 14
Chapter 1 Android and It’s Tools by Nikhil Shende – Mountreach Solution Pvt Ltd

4. Platform libraries
The Platform Libraries includes various C/C++ core libraries and Java based libraries such as
Media, Graphics, Surface Manager, OpenGL,SSL,SQLITE,WebKit etc. to provide a support
for android development.
• Media library provides support to play and record an audio and video formats.
• Surface manager responsible display management.
• SGL(Scalable Graphics Library) and OpenGLare used for 2D and 3D computer
graphics.
• SQLite provides database support
• FreeType provides font support.
• Web-Kit provide web browser support.
• SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is security technology to establish an encrypted link
between a web server and a web browser.SSL for Internet Security.

5. Linux Kernel
➢ It is like heart of android operating System and present at the bottom of android
architecture
➢ It Contains and manage all essential hardware driver like display drivers, camera
drivers, Bluetooth drivers, audio drivers, memory drivers, etc. which are required
during the runtime.
➢ It is responsible for management of memory, power, devices etc.
➢ The Linux Kernel will provide an abstraction layer between the device hardware
and the other components of android architecture.

MR. NIKHIL SHENDE |