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Bingham Plastic Model

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113 views2 pages

Bingham Plastic Model

Uploaded by

KamleshKumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BINGHAM PLASTIC MODEL

Most commonly the behavior of MR fluid is described by Bingham plastic model. A Bingham
plastic is a viscoplastic material that behaves as a rigid body at low stresses but flows as viscous
fluid at high stress. The magneto rheological response of MR fluids results from the polarization
induced in the suspended particles by application of an external field. The interaction between
the resulting induced dipoles causes the particles to form columnar structures, parallel to the
applied field. These chain-like structures restrict the motion of the fluid, thereby increasing the
viscous characteristics of the suspension. The mechanical energy needed to yield these chain-
like structures increases as the applied field increases resulting in a field dependent yield stress.
In the absence of an applied field, MR fluids exhibit Newtonian-like behavior. Thus the
behavior of controllable fluids is often represented as a Bingham plastic having variable yield
strength. In this model, the flow is governed by Bingham’s equations:

τ = τᵧ (H) + ɳ γ &, τ≥ τᵧ ;

where γ is shear (strain) rate and η denotes plastic viscosity of the fluid .at stresses τ above the
field dependent yield stress τy. Below the yield stress (at strains of order 10-3), the material
behaves viscoelastically:

τ = Gᵧ , τ< τᵧ

where G is the complex material modulus. So MR fluid generally operates within the post-yield
continuous shear or post regime.

Figure 1 shows a graph of the behaviour of an ordinary


viscous (or Newtonian) fluid in red, for example in a
pipe. If the pressure at one end of a pipe is increased
this produces a stress on the fluid tending to make it
move (called the shear stress) and the volumetric flow
rate increases proportionally. However, for a Bingham
Plastic fluid (in blue), stress can be applied but it will
not flow until a certain value, the yield stress, is
reached. Beyond this point the flow rate increases
steadily with increasing shear stress. These properties
allow a Bingham plastic to have a textured surface with
peaks and ridges instead of a featureless surface like a
Newtonian fluid.
Figure 2 shows the way in which it is normally
presented currently. The graph shows shear stress on
the vertical axis and shear rate on the horizontal one.
(Volumetric flow rate depends on the size of the pipe;
shear rate is a measure of how the velocity changes
with distance. It is proportional to flow rate, but does
not depend on pipe size.) As before, the Newtonian
fluid flows and gives a shear rate for any finite value of
shear stress. However, the Bingham plastic again does
not exhibit any shear rate (no flow and thus no
velocity) until a certain stress is achieved. For the
Newtonian fluid the slope of this line is the viscosity,
which is the only parameter needed to describe its flow.
By contrast, the Bingham plastic requires two
parameters, the yield stress and the slope of the line, known as the plastic viscosity.

Bingham plastic model Fluids that conform to the Bingham plastic model do not have a constant
viscosity and require a certain minimum stress to initiate flow. The yield point, or threshold
stress, is the y-intercept.

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