1.

This question is about projectile motion and the use of an energy argument to find the speed
with which a thrown stone lands in the sea.

Christina stands close to the edge of a vertical cliff and throws a stone. The diagram below (not
drawn to scale) shows part of the trajectory of the stone. Air resistance is negligible.

15 m s –1
O
Q

25 m

sea

Point P on the diagram is the highest point reached by the stone and point Q is at the same
height above sea level as point O.

(a) At point P on the diagram above draw arrows to represent

(i) the acceleration of the stone (label this A).

(1)

(ii) the velocity of the stone (label this V).

(1)

The stone leaves Christina’s hand (point O) at a speed of 15 m s−1 in the direction shown. Her
hand is at a height of 25 m above sea level. The mass of the stone is 160 g. The acceleration due
to gravity g = 10 m s−2.

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(b) (i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the stone immediately after it leaves Christina’s
hand.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) State the value of the kinetic energy at point Q.

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii) Calculate the loss in potential energy of the stone in falling from point Q to hitting
the sea.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(iv) Determine the speed with which the stone hits the sea.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 7 marks)

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2. This question is about trajectory motion.

Antonia stands at the edge of a vertical cliff and throws a stone upwards at an angle of 60° to
the horizontal.

v = 8.0ms –1

60°

Sea

The stone leaves Antonia’s hand with a speed v = 8.0 m s–1. The time between the stone leaving
Antonia’s hand and hitting the sea is 3.0 s.

The acceleration of free fall g is 10 m s–2 and all distance measurements are taken from the
point where the stone leaves Antonia’s hand.

Ignoring air resistance calculate

(a) the maximum height reached by the stone.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(3)

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 (b) the horizontal distance travelled by the stone.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

3. This question is about projectile motion.

A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a vertical cliff of height 33 m as shown below.

18 m s –1

33 m

sea level

The initial horizontal velocity of the stone is 18 m s–1 and air resistance may be assumed to be
negligible.

(a) State values for the horizontal and for the vertical acceleration of the stone.

Horizontal acceleration: ............................................................................................

Vertical acceleration: ................................................................................................

(2)

(b) Determine the time taken for the stone to reach sea level.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(2)

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 (c) Calculate the distance of the stone from the base of the cliff when it reaches sea level.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)

4. This question is about projectile motion.

A stone of mass 0.44 kg is thrown horizontally from the top of a cliff with a speed of 22 m s–1
as shown below.

22 m s–1

32 m cliff

sea level

The cliff is 32 m high.

(a) Calculate the total kinetic energy of the stone at sea level assuming air resistance is
negligible.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(3)

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 (b) In practice, air resistance is not negligible. During the motion of the stone from the top of
the cliff to sea level, 34 of the total energy of the stone is transferred due to air
resistance. Determine the speed at which the stone reaches sea level.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

5. This question is about the trajectory of a golf ball.

A golfer hits a golf ball at point A on a golf course. The ball lands at point D as shown on the
diagram. Points A and D are on the same horizontal level.

–1
30m s

–1
20m s
A D

The initial horizontal component of the velocity of the ball is 20 m s–1 and the initial vertical
component is 30 m s–1. The time of flight of the golf ball between point A and point D is 6.0 s.
Air resistance is negligible and the acceleration of free fall g = 10 m s–2.

Calculate

(a) the maximum height reached by the golf ball.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(3)

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 (b) the range of the golf ball.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

6. A stone is thrown with speed v from the top of a cliff of height H, as shown below.

h
v

cliff

sea

The stone is thrown at an angle to the horizontal so that it rises to a height h above the top of the
cliff before falling into the sea. The acceleration of free fall is g. Air resistance is negligible.

Which one of the following expressions gives correctly the speed of the stone as it hits the sea?

A. v 2 gh
B. v 2 gH 
C. 2 g h  H 

D. v 2
 2 gH 
(1)

7. Linear motion

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(a) Define the term acceleration.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) An object has an initial speed u and an acceleration a. After time t, its speed is v and it
has moved through a distance s.

The motion of the object may be summarized by the equations

v = u + at,

s= 1
2
v  u t.
(i) State the assumption made in these equations about the acceleration a.

.........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Derive, using these equations, an expression for v in terms of u, s and a.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
(2)

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(c) The shutter speed of a camera is the time that the film is exposed to light. In order to
determine the shutter speed of a camera, a metal ball is held at rest at the zero mark of a
vertical scale, as shown below. The ball is released. The shutter of a camera is opened as
the ball falls.

0 cm

scale

camera
196 cm

208 cm

The photograph of the ball shows that the shutter opened as the ball reached the 196 cm
mark on the scale and closed as it reached the 208 cm mark. Air resistance is negligible
and the acceleration of free fall is 9.81 m s–2.

(i) Calculate the time for the ball to fall from rest to the 196 cm mark.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) Determine the time for which the shutter was open. That is, the time for the ball to
fall from the 196 cm mark to the 208 cm mark.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

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8. This question is about projectile motion.

A stone is projected horizontally from the top of a cliff with a speed 15 m s–1.

15 m s–1

70 m

sea

The height of the cliff is 70 m and the acceleration of free fall is 10 m s–2. The stone strikes the
surface of the sea at velocity V.

(a) Ignoring air resistance, deduce that the stone strikes the sea at a speed of 40 m s–1.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Use your answer in (a) to calculate the angle that the velocity V makes with the surface of
the sea.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

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