Journal of Mechanical Robotics eISSN: 2024) MAT —— JOURNALS Computer Automation in Manufacturing Systems — Review P, Sivasankaran® Associate Profs a Technolog, ‘Corresponding Author: si Received Date: January 12. Abstract When the manufacturing process is fully managed by automated systems automation. This will probably involve robotics, automated integrations, ‘systems, computer-aided engineering, and other forms of automation ‘an interest in manufacturing should understand computer architecture and how e processes are interfaced with di of Computer Automation in Factory: oF, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Christ College of Enginecrit Pondicher [email protected] gital controllers to collect data and operate machinery nd India 124; Published Date: January 25, 2024 it is referred to as CIM corporate management “Today, anv engineer with sciromechanical The goal An introduction is to give readers a general overview of digital control technology and how factory automation uses it. From the machine level to the manufacturing cell and shop floor levels, this technology is applied. A wide range of topics are covered, starting with computer and controller architecture and concluding with shop floor applications In this. paper comprehensive rev computer applications in manufacturing systems as a broad review con given from national and international refereed Journals. is collected to study the importance of several inputs Keywords Automation, Manufacturing systems, Robotic Process Automation (RPA), Production environment, Smart automation INTRODUCTION In_ manufacturing, automation process of using machinery ‘carry out certain operations hhuman intervention. Autom: ‘manual labour and minimize the possibility of human error while increasing manufactur process efficiency, productivity. and accuracy, ‘To replace repetitive tasks and minimize manval intervention, IT gutomation involves developing software and automated systems. By automating manual operations that previously required human involvement, IT automation speeds up the supply of IT infrastructure and apy Automation is the application of technology to tasks when the amount of human, input is reduced. This covers consumer Applications like home automation and more, as ‘well as enterprise applications like roboties. IT. network, and business process automation (BPA), It also covers automating system integration. is the Classification of Automation Basic Automation Simple, repetitive operations can be automated using basic or task automation. In this degree of automation, work is digitalized through the use of automation to centralize and streamline repetitive processes. An example of this would be the use of a shared message system rather than disjointed information silos. By doing this, errors are reduced, transactional Work moves more quickly, and workers have more time to complete higher-value. more meaningful tasks. One type of basic automation is robotic process automation (RPA), Process Automation Process automation connects with several systems to automate multi-step. more complicated, repeatable processes. Business and IT operations are managed at this level of automation to ensure consistency anc! openness. Process automation can help your company run more smoothly and productively. It can also provide fresh perspectives on IT and business problems and make recommendations for fixes based on rule-based decision-making. Examples ‘of process automation include workflow automation, business process man (BPM). and process mining. wgement © MAT Journals 2024. All Rights ReservedIntelligent Automation automation is the most ion, Automation is ML) and Intelligent sted kind of automa combined with machine learning ( Anificial intelligence (AI) features. This means that automated machines | ean "eT! continuously and improve their decision: ‘and performance by using data from previ encountered and studied scenarios. For inst in customer service, AVML-powered virtual desistants ean empower customers and human ‘agents alike. lowering costs and resulting nthe test possible customer experience. ously “Automation Applications Business Automation Using software, business automation conneets numerous organizational information, fechnotogy (IT) syStems to automate repetitive, ‘multi-step business transactions that are customized to an organization's needs. IT Automation ‘To replace repetitive tasks and minimize manual intervention, IT automation involves developing software and automated se By ‘aulomating manual operations that previously required human involvement, IT automation speeds up the supply of IT infrastructure and applications, Integration Integration is the process of connecting devices, apps, data, and APIs throughout your IT business to increase productivity. efficiency. and agility Transformation of Industry into Digital Mode Automation engineering is crucial to raising production and operational efficiency as digitization spreads throughout sectors. Automation engineering is the design and implementation of computer or digital systems that simulate or duplicate human operations. This lowers the amount of physical labour and raises accuracy standards, Because it integrates concepts from computer science, electronics. controls, systems, and mechanics. this field is essential. It changes several industries. including healthcare, and r are essential in tod and procedures agvieultse, ‘Mere and rea Etment sys and vir automation engineet ort sogy is also accelerated BSI incctre of many Rowing its significance and the Fture—a different js erueial for both Jnedriven world a Evolution of Automation ‘The 18th-century Industrial Revolution is where automation engineering first emerged 'At that point, manual work started to be replaced by machinery. The manufacturing indusiry was primarily responsible for the earliest automation, cases and applications. automated looms and steam engines ma fesinning of it, The invention of clectrict Toward the close of the 1800s accelerated th favancement of automated systems. In the 2¢ Century, there was) a notable breakthrough Sxolutwon and advancement. Digital techn Gnd the development of computers 1 beginning of it, Industrial robots programmable logic controllers, or PLC produced as a result. This was the first in ‘df automation in contemporary ‘Automation has been spreading outsi dustry to include residential _applia healthcare, and transportation in the latter h the century. The field of automat jg still undergoing, radical change in the t first century. These days, artificial intel and machine learning _technologii significant. Fundamentals of Automation in- Manufacturing Designing and implementing systems is the focus of the specialized techt field known as automation engineering, Th of control theory and computer techn forms the foundation of this field's fundat ideas. Its purpose is to create systen require little or no human involve funetion. Among the essential elemer supervisory control and data (SCADA) systems, robots. conveyor vision systems, and program controllers (PLCs). A variety ofJaf Mech Robot systems can be made by combining these include basic on-off control Ioops used in manufacturing processes to more complex system . Not to mention complicate | interconnected systems that can control whole components, ‘The: production lines or facilities. Enhanced productivity, safety, and effi at the expense of fewer mistakes and human intervention are the major objectives, no matter how complicated the system is. Automation in Industry ~ Glance ‘The field of automation engineering is crucial to the transformation of many industries. It greatly improves productivity and transforms work procedures. Significant changes have resulted in the manufacturing sector. As a result, errors are decreased and manufacturing, lines operate more efficiently. It minimizes human interference. Automation is more cost-effective because it saves time, permits high precision, and lowers the chance of mishaps. Automation hhas made operations in the service sector more efficient, This results in improved client satisfaction, faster service delivery, and more accuracy. Mining and agriculture have also been ereatly impacted by automated engineering. Robotics in mining and harvesting, drones for field surveillance, and automated irrigation systems are just a few of the inventions it has brought forth. These developments guarantee better yield, safer working conditions, effective use of resources. and industrial expansion in general. It plays a key role in promoting industry change in many fields. Recent Trends in Manufacturing Automation Automation engineering has significantly changed several sectors. Productivity, efficiency, and quality improvements have accelerated as a result of it ‘Automation using Artificial Intelligence (AD and Machine Learning (ML) has greatly improved decision-making processes. predictive ‘capacities. and error reduction, leading to cost inthe end. Concurrently ‘an unparalleled spike in the Industrial Internet of _ Things (lo) has linked machines. systems. and gadgets, enabling real-time data gathering. _ processing, and analysis to optimize processes, ince security, and boost machine uptime. Furthermore, automation is essential for Vol. 9, sue 1 promoting workflow agility and adaptability in this age of rapid digital change by dissecting, data into actionable Automation engineerin « fas enormous benefits ranging from manufacturing to healthcare, changing the nature of work in the future and opening doors for a more inventive, productive, ‘and efficient global industrial landscape. LITERATURE REVIEW In this section extensive literature study is carried out on automation in manufacturing systems as listed below Carsten Ellwein et al [1] [2019] Due to digitization, virtualization and Industry 4.0, the structure of the manufacturing industry is changing. Cloud manufacturing is a new inanufacturing paradigm that is one outcome of this progress. There is an exponential rise in the amount of fresh literature on this subject. Consequently, the phrase "cloud manufacturing! becomes a generic one that gives rise to numerous definitions and fields of study. The automated statistical assessment of the cloud manufacturing literature is one aspect of this paper's focus. V. Alcicer et al [2| [2019] The digital age is ushered in by Industry 4.0. Business_models, surroundings, manufacturing systems. equipment, operators, goods, and services are all digital. Within the digital scene, everything is related to its matching, virtual representation. Continuous mapping of the physical fluxes will take place on digital platforms. Samer Elhajjar et al [3] [2022] the operational environment of businesses in a variety of industries has seen significant change as a result of automation. Practitioners everywhere choose the best automation tools and solutions for their particular business requirements as companies Work to adjust to this quickly changing technology. To study earlier findings in this field and to obtain a fuller grasp of the historical background of automation, a systematic literature review is a useful tool. The objective of this research is to present a comprehensive literary account of automation’s history from 1966 i0 2021 Colin S. Harrison [4] [2014] The automated techniques used by the forging and forming sector nowadays are reviewed in this study. Due to its. exceedingly difficult operating circumstances. which include temperatures, © MAT Journals 2024. All Rights ReservedComputer Automation in Manufacturing Systems fas well as its this business has pressures, and. illuminati enerally small batch sizes, proven to be relatively resistant to autormrion. The crticle addresses some of how these challenges can be addressed, and it is hoped tht the particular approaches and solutions that are discussed will have broader relevance jn othe! facets of the manufaeturing sector. The notion of “Automated Forking of the Future’ is offered encompassing sophisticated handling, qutich (ol ind-adaptability, astute metroloxy od sensing, and clever gripping mathods. ‘The work on automated forging is Summarized in this study based on how the authors implemented a —-major theme automated forging at the Advanced Forming Research Centre (AFRC), University of Strathelyde, Glasgow, UK. Barbara Ferreira et al [5] [2023] Due to its ability to carry out activities autonomously anc ‘without continual monitoring, automation has become a popular topic in recent years. The logistics business has not yet seen an equal explosion in research and implementation of automation, even though automation has grown significantly in several fields, including gineering and medicine, It_ is therefore essential to investigate the use of automation in logistics. To develop the foundation tor solid and pertinent improvements in the subject. this article attempts to give a thorough overview of the scientific literature about automation and artificial intelligence (Al) in logistics. Findings: New technologies like artificial intelligence (Ap, machine learning, and deep leaming are the: comerstone of automation. They allow for the self-diagnosis of problems and the autonomous completion of tasks, which minimizes the need for human labour. As such, automation in the application of smart logistics can boost competitiveness and reduce error margin. Kam K.H. Ng et al [6] [2021] In real-world engincering applications and automated business workflows and processes, academics and industrial practitioners are now pursuing robust and adaptive decision-making (DM) to accommodate context awareness. environment idaptation, and customization, This is due to recent advancements in robotic process automation (RPA) and artificial intelligence (Ab. Data-driven decision-making. scenario analysis, and advanced —_decision-analysis techniques are all made possible by the latest research in RPA, Al, and soft computing. These fe advantages for a wide range of advances ha One of the most strategic and pron isi cor nological options for creating @ compa vec fransformation Is intelligent proces cievmation, Method: To. successfully depla ‘ieiligent. Process Automation (IPA) (rnnologies, this article presents vidamental ideas that must be understood camgtruct IPA in various sectors. First. 2 Soli finplementation setup must be put tozethers {hun process mining techniques must be used i thoroughly, investigate the process. Second] picking a 2 the best Al technology inside the jing the IPA's suitabl architecture in the end, End Results: To greatly feduce waste and inerease plant capacity. the article presents an IPA use case in the manufacturing sector. This use ease automates the process of sending production orders 10 anu facturing plant. ‘by Jose Plathottam et al [8] Efficieney, productivity, and sustainability manufacturing can all be increased with the of artificial intelligence (AI) and macl learning (ML), Nevertheless. there are difficulties with implementing AL manufacturing, including concerns relat security and trust, infrastrueture, resources, and data management. datasets that require labelling, for in obtaining the data required to train AL may be expensive or problematic in the unusual events. When incorporated industrial control systems, AI models present security problems. Furthermore, fof confidence or comprehension operation may make certain industry pi reluctant to employ it, Notwithstandi ions. promise for the industrial sector, areas like process optimization, qualit and predictive maintenance. Varun Sehgal et al [9] [2016] Efe adaptability have been more crucial industrial sector during the past 1 ways to cut costs and find new so competitive advantage as a result of the degree of ambiguity in consumer prefers The —industrialization pros industrialized and emerging nations is pti driven by small and medium-sized indus © MAT Journals 2024, AMI RighJ. of Mech Robot SMIs. They are essential to growing the economy of the nation, Free trade agreements and globalization have increased the demand for simall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to implement advanced manufacturing technologies {AMTs) to remain competitive or even to Ali Keshvarparast et al [10] [2023] These days. manufacturing processes tend to move more and more toward customization while maintaining the required level of responsiveness, in light of the constantly shifting needs of customers. Furthermore, a greater focus is placed on human factors to mitigate the dangers associated with new technology, such as job cannibalization, while also opening up chancé to iinprove safety and other work conditions. Collaborative robots, or Cobots, are one of the new tools that Industry 4,0 offers to improvehuman-machine interactions and help bring about this shift. According to recent studies, cobots may benefit production systems greatly. particularly by increasing their flexibility From the above literature survey, it is observed that automation plays a big important role in ‘manufacturing systems. Also, authors focused on ‘Al, Cloud computing etc, and these are the recent focuses in automation. In addition, manufacturing makes use of Cobot Technology to cary out tasks at the factory level. In a nutshell Automation has a greater scope to maximize productivity. CONCLUSION As you read this, Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies are revolutionizing "industrial automation solutions. Companies that ean adopt these breakthroughs ahead of their competitors will profit from a competitive advantage. The essential element of digital transformation is the ability to gather and evaluate Big Data instantly. The trend of industrial automation is expanding and doesn't appear to be stopping. Automation technology will continue to push businesses 10 ever-higher performance and efficiency levels. ‘You'll want to be among the front-runners in your specific market to maintain your ‘competitiveness. Automation improves | the standard of work by maximizing the profit of production by minimizing the wastage. Automation Supports humans by smart assistance in executing regular activities within Vol. 9, Issue 1 REFERENCES, Ellwein, C.. Neff, Cloud — manufacturing: literature review. Procedia CIRP, 86, 256. . & Verl, A. (2019), An automated Zoi: huips://doi.org/10.1016/j,procir.2020.01.006 Aleacer, V.. & Cruz-Machado, V. (2019), Scanning the industry 4.0: A literature review on technologies for manufacturing Engineering and technology, an imernational journal, 22(3) 899.919, https://doi.org/ 10.1016) jesteh.2019.01.006 Elhajjar, S., Yacoub, L., & Yaacoub, H. (2023), ‘Automation in business. research systematic literature review. Information Systems and e-Business Management 21(3), 675-698, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-023-00645- Harrison, C. S. (2014). A review of automation in manufacturing illustrated by case study on mixed-mode hot forging Mamifacnring — Review, 1, AS. htips:/researchonline gcu.ac.uk/en/publicati ons/a-review-of-automation-in- manufacturing-illustrated-by-a-case-stu Ferreira, B.. & Reis, J. (2023). A Systematic Literature Review on the Application of Automation in Logistics. Logistics. 74), 80. hitps:/doi.org/10.3390/logisties7040080 Ng. K. K., Chen, C. H., Lee, C. K., Jiao, J. R., & Yang, Z. X. (2021). A systemati literature review on intelligent automation Aligning concepts from theory, practice, and future perspectives. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 47. 101246. hntpsi//doi.org/10.1016/}.2ei.2021.101246 Lievano-Martinez, F. A. _Fernéndez- Ledesma, J. D.. Burgos. D., Branch- Bedoya, J. W.. & Jimenez-Builes, J. A. nk process automation: An manufacturing industry 14(14). 8804 doi.ora/10.3390/sui4 148804 J., Rzonea, A.. Lakhnori, Ro (2023). A review of antficial intelligence applications in manufacturing operations, Journal _ of Advanced Manufacturing amd Processing. systems. science ups: Plathott & Mloeie, C0. © MAT Journals 2024. All Rights ReservedY.C.C.E DATE. € pt _of “Automation ” Oy { Sesearcs Paper li <— Computer Auksnabieo in Manutecaing eM8 — Weviers gual 0 lechaniagl Raboeeics 2094 u = PAT dournel: Ublshel) — Jen 95,9094 gsc the ‘mpaibence ) te oSuction to automa aus lebor_, 1 SLAG Me Iik/ ial bere peat, 0 ex) tT ai 1)