B.M.S.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BENGALURU-19

(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
THIRD SEMESTER B.E COURSE(CSE/ISE/CSE-AIDS/CS-IOT/CSE-DS)

Course Title: Statistics and Discrete Mathematics

Course Code: 23MA3BSSDM

UNIT 4: STATISTICAL INFERENCE

I. Test of significance for single mean [large sample: n  30 ]
Test statistic Null Alternative Accept H o
Hypothesis Hypothesis
x − O H 0 :  = O H1 :   O z  z / 2
Z=

n H1 :   O z  z

H1 :   O z  z

1. The length of life X of certain computers is approximately normally distributed with

mean 800 hours and S.D 40 hours. If a random sample of 30 computers has an average
life of 788 hours, test the null hypothesis that μ=800 hours at (a) 5% (b) 1% (c) 10%
(d) 15% level of significance
2. Mice with an average lifespan of 32 months will live upto 40 months when fed by a
certain nutrious food. If 64 mice fed on this diet have an average lifespan of 38 months
and standard deviation of 5.8 months, is there any reason to believe that average
lifespan is less than 40 months.
3. A machine runs on an average of 125 hours/year. A random sample of 49 machines
has an annual average use of 126.9 hours with standard deviation 8.4 hours. Does this
suggest to believe that machines are used on the average more than 125 hours annually
at 0.05 level of significance?
4. A company claims that the mean thermal efficiency of diesel engines produced by
them is 32.3%. To test this claim, a random sample of 40 engines were examined which
showed the mean thermal efficiency of 31.4% and S.D of 1.6%. Can the claim be
accepted or not, at 0.01 L.O.S.?
5. It has previously been recorded that the average depth of ocean at a particular region
is 67.4 fathoms. Is there reason to believe this at 0.01 L.O.S. if the readings at 40
random locations in that particular region showed a mean of 69.3 with S.D of 5.4
fathoms?
6. A company producing computers states that the mean lifetime of its computers is 1600
hours. Test this claim at 0.01 L.O.S. against the A.H.: µ < 1600 hours if 100 computers
produced by this company has mean lifetime of 1570 hours with S.D. of 120 hours.
7. A manufacturer of tyres guarantees that the average lifetime of its tyres is more than
28000 miles. If 40 tyres of this company tested, yields a mean lifetime of 27463 miles
with S.D. of 1348 miles, can the guarantee be accepted at 0.01 L.O.S.?
 B.M.S. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BENGALURU-19
(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

II. Test of significance for difference between two means [large sample: n  30 ]

Test statistic Null Hypothesis Alternative Accept H o

Hypothesis

Z=
( x1 − x2 ) −  H0 : 1 − 2 =  H1 : 1 − 2   z  z / 2
 2
2 2
H1 : 1 − 2   z  z
1
+
n1 n2 H1 : 1 − 2   z  z

1. In a random sample of 100 tube lights produced by company A, the mean lifetime (mlt)
of tube light is 1190 hours with standard deviation of 90 hours. Also in a random
sample of 75 tube lights from company B the mean lifetime is 1230 hours with standard
deviation of 120 hours. Is there a difference between the mean lifetimes of the two
brands of tube lights at a significance level of (a) 0.05 (b) 0.01?
2. To test the effects a new pesticide on rice production, a farm land was divided into 60
units of equal areas, all portions having identical qualities as to soil, exposure to
sunlight etc. The new pesticide is applied to 30 units while old pesticide to the
remaining 30. Is there reason to belive that the new pesticide is better than the old
pesticide if the mean number of kgs of rice harvested/units using new pesticide (N.P.)
is 496.31 with S.D. of 17.18 kgs. Test at a level of significance (a) 0.05 (b) 0.01?
3. A random sample of 40 ‘geysers’ produced by company A have a mean lifetime (mlt)
of 647 hours of continuous use with a S.D. of 27 hours, while a sample 40 produced
by another company B have mlt of 638 hours with S.D. 31 hours. Does this substantiate
the claim of company A that their ‘geyers’ are superior to those produced by company
B at (a) 0.05 (b) 0.01 L.O.S.
4. Test the N.H.:  A − B = 0 against the A.H.:  A − B  0 at 0.01 L.O.S. for the
following data
Sample Size Mts (kgs) S.D. (kgs)
Type A 40 247.3 15.2
Type B 30 254.1 18.7

5. If a random sample data show that 42 men earn on the average x1 = 744.85 with S.D.
s1 = 397.7 while 32 women earn on the average x2 = 516.78 with S.D. s2 = 162.523 ,
test at 0.05 level of significance whether the average income for men and women is
same or not.
 B.M.S. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BENGALURU-19
(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
III. Small Sample Test Concerning Single Mean: t-Distribution
Test statistic Null Alternative Accept
Hypothesis Hypothesis Ho
x − O ( x − x)
2
H 0 :  = O H1 :   O t  t / 2,n −1
t= here S2 =
i

S n −1 H1 :   O t  t
n
OR
H1 :   O t  t
 ( xi − x )
2
x − O
t= here s 2 =
s n
n −1

1. An ambulance service company claims that on an average it takes 20 minutes between

a call for an ambulance and the patient’s arrival at the hospital. If in 6 calls the time
taken (between a call and arrival at hospital) are 27, 18, 26, 15, 20 and 32. Can the
company’s claim be accepted?
2. Mean lifetime of computers manufactured by a company is 1120 hours with standard
deviation of 125 hours. (a) Test the typothesis that mean lifetime of computers has not
changed if a sample of 8 computers has a mean life time of 1070 hours (b) Is there
decrease in mlt? Use (i) 5% (ii) 1% L.O.S.
3. An auditor claims that he takes on an average 10.5 days to file income tax returns (I.T.
returns). Can this claim be accepted if a random sample shows that he took 13, 19, 15,
10, 12, 11, 14, 18 days to file I.T. returns? Use (a) 0.01 (b) 0.05 L.O.S.
4. If 5 pieces of certain ribbon selected at random have mean breaking strength of 169.5
pounds with S.D. of 5.7, do they confirm to the specification mean breaking strength
of 180 pounds.
5. In a random sample of 10 bolts produced by a machine the mean length of bolt is 0.53
mm and S.D 0.03 mm. Can we claim from this that the machine is in proper working
order if in the past it produced bolts of length 0.50 mm? Use (a) 0.05 (b) 0.01 L.O.S.
 B.M.S. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BENGALURU-19
(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
IV. Small Sample Test Concerning Difference Between Two Means: t-Distribution
Test statistic Null Hypothesis Alternative Accept H o
Hypothesis
( x1 − x2 ) −  H0 : 1 − 2 =  H1 : 1 − 2   t  t / 2 ,n1+n2 −2
t=
1 1
S +
n1 n2
( x − x1 ) +  ( x2i − x2 )
2 2

(i) S 2
= 1i

n1 + n2 − 2
H1 : 1 − 2   t  t
OR
n1s12 + n2 s2 2
(ii) S2 =
n1 + n2 − 2

( x − x1 ) (x − x2 )
2 2

if s 1
2
= 1i
and s2 2
= 2i

n1 n2 H1 : 1 − 2   t  t
OR
(iii)S2 =
( n1 − 1) S12 + ( n2 − 1) S2 2
n1 + n2 − 2

( x − x1 ) (x − x2 )
2 2

if S 2
= 1i
and S2 2
= 2i

n1 − 1 n2 − 1
1

1. In a mathematics examination 9 students of class A and 6 students of class B obtained

the following marks. Test at 1% L.O.S. whether the performance in mathematics is
same or not for the two classes A and B. assume that the samples are drawn from
normal populations having same variance.
A: 44 71 63 59 68 46 69 54 48
B: 52 70 41 62 36 50 - - -

2. Out of random sample of 9 mice, suffering with a disease, 5 mice were treated with a
new serum while the remaining were not treated. From the time commencement of
experiment, the following are the survival times:
Treatment 2.1 5.3 1.4 4.6 0.9
NoTreatment 1.9 0.5 2.8 3.1 -

Test whether the serum treatment is effective in curing the disease at 5% L.O.S.,
assuming that the two distributions are normally distributed with equal variances.

3. Random samples of specimens of coal from two mines A and B are drawn and their
heat producing capacity (in millions of calories/ton) were measured yielding the
following results:
Mine A: 8350 8070 8340 8130 8260 -
Mine B: 7900 8140 7920 7840 7890 7950
Is there significant difference between the means of these two samples at 1% L.O.S.?
 B.M.S. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BENGALURU-19
(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
4. To determine whether vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets effects significantly on
increase in weight a study was conducted yielding the following data of gain in weight.
Veg 34 24 14 32 25 32 30 24 30 31 35 25 - - -
Non-Veg 22 10 47 31 44 34 22 40 30 32 35 18 21 35 29
Can we claim that the two diets differ pertaining to weight gain, assuming that samples
are drawn from normal populations with same variance?
5. A group of 10 rats fed on a diet A and another group of 8 rats fed on a different diet
B recorded the following increase in weights.
Diet A 5 6 8 1 12 4 3 9 6 10
Diet B 2 3 6 8 10 1 2 8 - -
Does it show the superiority of diet A over that of B?

6. A group of 5 patients treated with medicine “A” weigh 42, 39, 48, 60, and 41 kgs. A
second group of 7 patients from the same hospital treated with medicine “B” weigh 38,
42, 56, 64, 68, 69 and 62 kgs. Do you agree with the claim that the medicine “B”
increases the weight significantly?
 B.M.S. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BENGALURU-19
(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
V. Paired Sample t-Test
Test statistic Null Alternative Accept H o
Hypothesis Hypothesis
H0 :  = d H1 :   d
(d −d ) t  t / 2,n −1
2
d − d
t= here Sd 2 =
i

Sd n −1 H1 :   d t  t
n
OR
H1 :   d t  t
(d −d )
2
d − d
t= here Sd 2 =
i

Sd n
n −1

1. Use paired sample test at 0.05 L.O.S. to test from the following data whether the
differences of means of the weights obtained by two different scales (weighting
machines) is significant.
Scale: I 11.23 14.36 8.33 10.50 23.42 9.15 13.47 6.47 12.40 19.38
Scale: II 11.27 14.41 8.35 10.52 23.41 9.17 13.52 6.46 12.45 19.35

2. The average weekly losses of man-hours due to strikes in an institute before and after
a disciplinary program was implemented are as follows: Is there reason to believe that
the disciplinary program is effective at 5% L.O.S.?
Before 45 73 46 124 33 57 83 34 26 17
After 36 60 44 119 35 51 77 29 24 11

3. The pulsality index (P.I.) of 11 patients before and after contracting a disease are given
below. Test at 0.05 L.O.S. whether there is a significant increase of the mean of P.I.
values.
Before 0.4 0.45 0.44 0.54 0.48 0.62 0.48 0.60 0.45 0.46 0.35
After 0.5 0.60 0.57 0.65 0.63 0.78 0.63 0.80 0.69 0.62 0.68

4. The blood pressure (B.P.) of 5 women before and after intake of a certain drug are
given below:
Before 110 120 125 132 125
After 120 118 125 136 121
Test at 1% L.O.S. whether there is significant change in B.P.

5. Marks obtained in mathematics by 11 students before and after intensive coaching are
given below:
Before 24 17 18 20 19 23 16 18 21 20 19
After 24 20 22 20 17 24 20 20 18 19 22
Test at 5% L.O.S. whether the intensive coaching is useful?
 B.M.S. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BENGALURU-19
(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
VI. Ratio of Variances: F-Distributions
Test statistic Null Hypothesis Alternative Accept H o
Hypothesis
S12 H 0 :  12 =  2 2 H1 : 12   2 2 F  Fn −1,n −1,
F= 2 if S  S 2
1
2 2
1 2
S2 OR
OR
S2 2 F  Fn −1,n −1,
F= if S 2 2  S12 2 1
S12

here

( x − x1 )
2
ns2
S = 11 =
2 1i
;
n1 − 1 n1 − 1
1

( x − x2 )
2
ns2
S2 = 2 2 =
2 2i

n2 − 1 n2 − 1

1. The household net expenditure on health care in south and north India, in two samples
of households, expressed as percentage of total income is shown the following table:
South 15 8 3.8 6.4 27.4 19 35.3 13.6
North 18.8 23.1 10.3 8 18 10.2 15.2 19 20.2
Test the equality of variances of household’s net expenditure on health care in south
and north India.
2. Can we conclude that the two population variances are equal for the following data of
post graduates passed out from a state and private university.
State: 8350 8260 8130 8340 8070
Private: 7890 8140 7900 7950 7840 7920
3. Is there reason to believe that the life expected in south and north India is same of not
from the following data
South: 34 39.2 46.1 48.7 49.4 45.9 55.3 42.7 43.7
North: 49.7 55.4 57 54.2 50.4 44.2 53.4 57.5 61.9 56.6 58.2
 B.M.S. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BENGALURU-19
(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
VII. Chi-Square Distribution: Goodness of Fit
Test statistic Null Hypothesis Alternative Accept H o
Hypothesis
n
H 0 : There is no significant H1 : There is  2   2 n − k ,
 (o − e )
2
i i
difference between significant difference
 =
2 i =1

ei experimental and theoretical between experimental

values and theoretical values

1) A sample analysis of examination results of 500 students was made. It was found that
220 students had failed, 170 had secured third class, 90 had secured second class and
20 had secured first class. Do these figures support the general examination result which
is in the ratio 4:3:2:1 for the respective categories?

2) In a Mendelian experiment on breeding, four types of plants are expected to occur in

the proportion 9:3:3:1. The observed frequencies are 891 round and yellow, 316
wrinkled and yellow, 290 round and green, and 119 wrinkled and green. Find the Chi-
square value and examine the correspondence between the theory and the experiment.

3) A machine is supposed to mix peanuts, hazelnuts, cashews and pecans in the ratio
5:2:2:1. A can containing 500 of these mixed nuts was found to have 269 peanuts, 112
hazel nuts, 74 cashews and 45 pecans. Can we conclude that the machine is mixing the
nuts in the stated ratio?

4) It is believed that the proportion of people with A, B, O and AB blood types in a

population are respectively 0.4, 0.2 0.3 and 0.1. When 400 randomly picked people
were examined, the number of persons with these types was observed to be 148, 96,106
and 50 respectively. Test the hypothesis that these data bear out the stated belief.

5) Genetic theory states that children having one parent of blood type M and other blood
type N will always are one of three types M, MN, N and that the proportions of these
types will on average be 1: 2: 1. A report states that out of 300 children having one
parent M and one N parent 30% were found to be of type M, 45% of type MN and
remainder of type N. Find the Chi-square value and examine the correspondence
between the theory and the experiment.

6) Among64 off-springs of a certain cross between pigs, 34 were red, 10 were black and
20 were white. According to a genetic model, these numbers should be in proportions
9:3:4. Is the data consistent with the model at 5% level?

7) In 1000 extensive sets of trials for an event of small probability, the frequency fo of
the number x of seeds proved to be
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
f 304 366 210 80 28 9 2 1
Fit a Poisson distribution to the data and test the goodness of fit.
 B.M.S. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BENGALURU-19
(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
8) The number of cars passing a given point in 100 five second interval was observed as
follows
No of Cars 0 1 2 3 4 5
No of intervals 40 30 14 6 5 5
Fit a Poisson distribution and test for its goodness of fit.

9) Test for goodness of fit of a Poisson distribution at 5% L.O.S. to the following

frequency distribution:
No. of patients arriving/hour: (x) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frequency 52 151 130 102 45 12 5 1 2

10) It is desired to test whether the number of gamma rays emitted per second by a certain
radioactive substance is a random variable having the Poisson distribution with mean
2.4. Use the following data obtained for 300 one-second intervals to test this null
hypothesis.
Number of gamma rays 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 or more
Frequency 18 48 66 74 44 35 10 5