GENERAL EDUCATION

SOCIAL STUDIES

RIZAL AND OTHER HEROES 1

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 LAWS HONORING/
COMMEMORATING FILIPINO
HISTORICAL FIGURES FOR DR.RIZAL
A. Decree of December 20, 1898, issued by General
Emilio Aguinaldo, declared December 30 of every
year a day of national mourning in honor of Dr.
Jose Rizal and other victims of the Philippine
Revolution.
B. Act No. 137, which organized the politico-military
district of Morong into the Province of Rizal, was
the first official step taken by the Taft Commission
to honor our greatest hero and martyr.

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 WHAT IS THE RIZAL LAW
OR RA 1425?
An Act to Include in the Curricula of
All Public and Private Schools, Colleges and
Universities courses on the Life Works and
Writings of JOSE RIZAL, particularly his novels
NOLI ME TANGERE and EL FILIBUSTERISMO

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 POEMS
• Mi Ultimo Adios (Ang Huling Paalam/My Last
Farewell) - written at his death cell in Fort
Santiago on the eve of his execution.
• Sa Aking Mga Kabata (To My Fellow Children)
- first poem, written when he was eight years
old, urging love of native language.
• Mi Retiro (My Retreat) – written by Rizal in a
response to a request from his mother.

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 POEMS
• Mi Primera Inspiraccion (My First Inspiration) –
written in Ateneo, dedicated to his mother.
• A La Juventud Filipina (Sa Kabataang
Pilipino/To the Filipino Youth) - won first
prize, written age 18 when he was in UST.
• A Las Flores de Heidelberg – written when
Rizal attended lecture courses in the University
of Heidelberg. The ancient city of Heidelberg is
a scenic attraction in Europe.

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 ESSAYS
To the Young Women of Malolos
• In his letter to the young women of Malolos written in 1889,
Rizal pays homage to the 20 courageous women of the town
for their desire to educate themselves – a liberating action at
that time.
• Rizal sees in these women a ray of hope in restoring Filipinas’
dignity and worth, who are being denigrated at that time.
• He emphasizes the importance of the Filipino mothers, as it is
in their nurturing hands where the children's future lie –
whether they be free or enslaved.
• Rizal advices the Filipino women to use reason, to know what a
good mother is, and how to become one.

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 ESSAYS
Indolence of the Filipinos
• Rizal admits that indolence does exist among the Filipinos, but it
cannot be attributed to the troubles and backwardness of the
country; rather it is the effect of the backwardness and troubles
experienced by the country.
• Filipinos, according to Rizal, are not responsible for their
misfortunes, as they are not their own masters. The Spanish
government has not encouraged labor and trade, which ceased
after the government treated the country ' s neighboring trade
partners with great suspicion.
• According to Rizal, all the causes of indolence can be reduced to
two factors. The first factor is the limited training and education
Filipino natives receive. The second factor is the lack of a national
sentiment of unity among them.
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 ESSAYS
The Philippines A Century Hence
• Presents a radical prophesy of Rizal of how the
Philippines would be through the century.

• Rizal presented a clear idea of how our Motherland will

end up centuries later proposing that our country will
end up in either of the three ways:
1. That the Philippines will remain to be a colony of Spain but
will be in good terms with it’s captors
2. That the Philippines will try to cut the ties of our Motherland
from it’s captors through violent means
3. That we will be colonized by another country.

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 NOVELS
Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not )
• Dedicated to the Motherland, published in Berlin, Germany 1887.
• Rizal's main purpose was to expose the abuses of the Spanish
friars and government officials.
• Rizal also presents the positive qualities of his countrymen.
Family devotion is seen in the relations of Ibarra, Maria Clara and
others, like the schoolteacher, with their parents and guardians.
• By presenting different sides of the national situation, Rizal
fulfilled his intent of presenting a "bold and impartial account" of
Philippine life.
• The novel not only exposed the sufferings of the Philippine
natives but took steps towards defining the national identity.

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 NOVELS
El Filibusterismo (Treason)
• Dedicated to GOMBURZA, Published in Ghent,
Belgium in 1891.

• The main theme focused on by El Filibusterismo is the

ideal means of achieving social reform.

• A number of chapters have long dialouges that seem

like debates, pitting Rizal's fading hopes for reform
against his long-held aversion to revolution.

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 NOVELS
Makamisa
• Unfinished novel by Jose Rizal, begun in Tagalog and and continued in
Spanish.
• It was a sequel to Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
• The novel revives the character Isagani from El Filibusterismo. Like the
previous two novels, Makamisa deals with problems of the Filipinos at
that time, such as corrupt friars. Too little of the novel has been found,
however, to ascertain what plot Rizal intended.
• The Spanish drafts of Makamisa were discovered by Ambeth Ocampo in
1987 while he was going through a 245-page collection of papers mistakenly
labeled Borrador del Noli Me Tangere (Draft of Noli Me Tangere). Ocampo
translated the Spanish and Tagalog drafts that he found and edited them to
form a clear narrative, which is included in his book Makamisa: The Search
for Rizal's Third Novel (Anvil, 1992).

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 FILIPINO HEROES

12
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 FILIPINO HEROES
• Dr. Jose Rizal - The National Hero.
• Andres Bonifacio - The Great Plebian and
Father of the Katipunan.
• General Gregorio del Pilar - Hero of the Battle
of Tirad Pass.
• General Emilio Aguinaldo - President of the
First Philippine Republic.
• Apolinario Mabini – Sublime Paralytic and
Brains of the Revolution.
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 FILIPINO HEROES
• GOMBURZA - Martyred Priests of 1872.
• Trece Martirez - 13 Martyrs from Cavite.
• Emilio Jacinto - Brains of the Katipunan.
• General Antonio Luna - Cofounder of La
Independencia.
• Melchora Aquino ( Tandang Sora ) - Mother of
Balintawak.

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 FILIPINO HEROES
• Graciano Lopez-Jaena - Greatest Filipino Orator
of the Propaganda Movement.
• Panday Pira - First Filipino Cannon-maker.
• Mariano Ponce - Propagandist, Historian,
Diplomat and Managing Editor of La Solidaridad.
• Gregoria de Jesus – Lakambini of Katipunan and
Wife of Andres Bonifacio.
• Fernando Ma. Guerrero – Poet of the Revolution.

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 FILIPINO HEROES
• Felipe Agoncillo – Outstanding Diplomat of the
First Philippine Republic.
• Rafael Palma - Cofounder of La
Independencia and First UP president .
• Juan Luna - Greatest Filipino Painter.
• Marcelo H. Del Pilar – Greatest Journalist and
Moving Spirit of the Propaganda Movement.
• Leona Florentino - First Filipino Poetess(from
Ilocos Sur).
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 FILIPINO HEROES
• Pedro Paterno - Peacemaker of the Revolution.
• Isabelo delos Reyes – Founder of Philippine Socialism.
• Artemio Ricarte – Revolutionary General,
known as Viborra.
• Jose Palma - Wrote the Spanish Lyrics of the
Philippine National Anthem.
• Lakandola - Chief of Tondo, Friendly to the Spaniards.
• Rajah Soliman - The Last Rajah of Manila.

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 FILIPINO HEROES
• Leonor Rivera - Cousin and Fiancee of Jose Rizal.
• Marcela Agoncillo - Maker of the First Filipino
Flag.
• Galicano Apacible - One of the Founders of
Katipunan.
• Jose Ma. Panganiban - Bicolandia's Greatest
Contribution to the Historic Campaign for
Reforms.
• Diego Silang - Leader of the Ilocano Revolt.
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 FILIPINO HEROES
• Maria Josefa Gabriela Silang - Continued the Fight
After her Husband's Death.
• Lapu-Lapu - Chieftain of Mactan Who Killed
Magellan. First Filipino Hero.
• Francisco Dagohoy - Leader of the Longest Revolt in
Bohol.
• Epifanio delos Santos - A Man of Many Talents; the
Former Highway 54 is Now Named After him (EDSA).
• Francisco Baltazar - Prince of Tagalog Poets.

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 FILIPINO HEROES
• Teresa Magbanua – First Woman Fighter in Panay.
Visayan Joan of Arc.
• Trinidad Tecson - Mother of Biak-na-Bato.
• Agueda Esteban - Wife of Artemio Ricarte Who
Carried Secret Messages About Spanish Troops.
• Marina Dizon - Daughter of One of the Trece Martirez.
• General Francisco Makabulos - Leader of the Revolt
in Tarlac.
• Julian Felipe - Composer of the Philippine National Anthem.

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GREGORIA DE JESUS (1875-1943)
She established the
women’s section of the
Katipunan and at the same
time served as document
security officer of the
movement.

Also known as Aling Oriang,

she was the wife of Andres
Bonifacio.

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 TERESA MAGBANUA (1871-1947)
She was a member of the
Katipunan in Panay in 1897 who
had led a number of successful
military attacks against Spanish
troops.

She continued to support the

people’s movement and fought for
the Filipinos during the American
invasion in 1899 and Japanese
invasion in 1941.

She is also known as "the Visayan

Joan of Arc".

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 TRINIDAD TECSON (1848-1928)
She used her own blood to sign
her membership in the Katipunan.

As a general in the Katipunan she

led a group in Biyak-na-Bato that
successfully defeated the attack of
Spanish soldiers.

She started Red Cross work in the

Philippines and organized groups
of women to do nursing work for
the soldiers, a task that earned her
the title of the "Mother of Biyak-
na Bato".

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 LORENA BARROS
She founded Makibaka, the first
underground organisation for
women which is fighting to change
society’s attitude towards women
and women’s empowerment.

She was arrested when Martial Law

was declared but she eventually
escaped from her prison cell in
Bicutan.

She joined the New Peoples Army

and was killed in action by the
military in 1976.

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 LIZA BALANDO
She was a farmer from Samar
who came to Manila to work.

She became a union activist at

Rossini’s Knitwear and had
joined many demonstrations.

During the May Day rally in

front of the Congress in 1972,
she was shot, among others, by
men in helicopters flying
overhead.

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 LILLIOSA HILAO
A student activist from the
University of Manila, she was
arrested and tortured by the
military in 1973 to squeeze out
information on the
whereabouts of her comrades.

The torture was unsuccessful.

She died in her cell in Camp

Crame.

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 AGUEDA ESTEBAN
Katipunan member who later
married Artemio Ricarte.

She commuted from Cavite to

Manila to buy saltpeter, lead,
and copper which where used
to make ammunitions.

She also carried secret

messages about the planned
offensives against the Spanish
posts.

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