[ 빈칸 추론 (1) ]

1. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3월 전국]

In small towns the same workman makes chairs and doors and tables, and often the same person builds
houses. And it is, of course, impossible for a man of many trades to be skilled in all of them. In large
cities, on the other hand, because many people make demands on each trade, one trade alone — very
often even less than a whole trade — is enough to support a man. For instance, one man makes shoes
for men, and another for women. And there are places even where one man earns a living by only
stitching shoes, another by cutting them out, and another by sewing the uppers together. Such skilled
workers may have used simple tools, but their did result in more efficient and
productive work. [3점]* trade: 직종
① specialization ② criticism ③ competition ④ diligence ⑤ imagination

2. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3월 전국]

About four billion years ago, molecules joined together to form cells. About two billion years later, cells
joined together to form more complex cells. And then a billion years later, these more complex cells
joined together to form multicellular organisms. All of these evolved because the participating individuals
could, by working together, spread their genetic material in new and more effective ways. Fast­forward
another billion years to our world, which is full of social animals, from ants to wolves to humans. The
same principle applies. Ants and wolves in groups can do things that no single ant or wolf can do, and
we humans, by , have become the earth’s dominant species. [3점]* molecule: 분자
① cooperating with one another
② fighting against enemies
③ studying other species
④ inventing various machines
⑤ paying attention to differences
3. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3월 전국]

What do advertising and map­making have in common? Without doubt the best answer is their shared
need to communicate a limited version of the truth. An advertisement must create an image that’s
appealing and a map must present an image that’s clear, but neither can meet its goal by
________________. Ads will cover up or play down negative aspects of the company or service they
advertise. In this way, they can promote a favorable comparison with similar products or differentiate a
product from its competitors. Likewise, the map must remove details that would be confusing. [3점]
① reducing the amount of information
② telling or showing everything
③ listening to people’s voices
④ relying on visual images only
⑤ making itself available to everyone

4. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3월 전국]

Did you know you actually think in images and not in words? Images are simply mental
pictures showing ideas and experiences. Early humans communicated their ideas and experiences
to others for thousands of years by drawing pictures in the sand or on the walls of their caves.
Only recently have humans created various languages and alphabets to symbolize these “picture”
messages. Your mind has not yet adapted to this relatively new development. An image has a
much greater impact on your brain than words; the nerves from the eye to the brain are
twenty­five times larger than the nerves from the ear to the brain. You often remember a
person’s face but not his or her name, for example. The old saying, “
________________________________,” is true. [3점]
① Actions speak louder than words
② A bad workman blames his tools
③ You can’t judge a book by its cover
④ The pen is mightier than the sword
⑤ A picture is worth a thousand words
5. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [4월 중앙]
Everything is temporary. Although this statement sounds simple, there is great wisdom captured
in it. We should remember that every stage we go through will have a final moment. Bad times
will end, but so will good times. For this reason, it is wise to remain humble, regardless of
one’s status at any stage of life. You may recall the statement: Be kind to whom you meet on
the way up, because you will meet those same ones again on your way down. Realizing that
everything has a(n) _____________ also gives us a wisdom that leads to responsibility. A social
position, people that you are involved with, titles ―\ they all come and go. So, it is advisable
to make the most of every moment and do your best in every situation you find yourself in.

① end ② aim ③ value ④ connection ⑤ possibility

6. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [4월 중앙]

A week ago I was in a restaurant when I overheard a man telling a story to his wife and
another couple at the table next to us. All I heard accidentally was the last sentence, which he
said with a satisfied smile. He said, “We were just getting ready to leave when about ten people
cut in front of us.” It seemed like a good ending to a story and I found myself wishing I’d
heard the whole thing. But before their friends had a chance to finish laughing, his wife
suddenly said, “There weren’t ten people, Peter. There were only seven.” Obviously her words
showed the tendency many of us have _____________. Unfortunately, this habit can be
disrespectful and potentially damaging to the quality of a relationship. [3 점]
① to correct other people
② to share our favorite stories
③ to fight over important things
④ to focus on stranger’s conversation
⑤ to talk to each other by using body gestures
7. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [4월 중앙]
In contrast to the twentieth century, when work and leisure were clearly separated, in the early
twenty-first century, work, consumption, learning, and leisure are all closely connected. All of
this has a major influence on our understanding of the museum experience, as museum-going
becomes an increasingly common leisure activity for individuals from all social classes. Museums
are good places that meet many important needs ― social interaction, learning, relaxation,
discovering new things, and experiencing other cultures when traveling to other cities and
countries. In order to understand who does and does not visit museums and why, we need to
regard museum-going as a way of _____________. [3 점]
① destroying cultural heritage
② extending educational goals
③ satisfying a variety of needs
④ showing off one’s intelligence
⑤ evaluating the level of tourism

8. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [4월 중앙]

Accuracy refers to the closeness of a measured value to a standard or known value. For
example, if in a lab you obtain a weight measurement of 3.2 kg for a given substance, but the
actual weight is 10 kg, your measurement is not accurate. In this case, your measurement is not
close to the known value. Precision, on the other hand, refers to the closeness of two or more
measurements to each other. Using the example above, if you weigh the given substance five
times, and get 3.2 kg each time, your measurement is very precise. Precision is independent of
accuracy. You can be very precise but inaccurate, as described above. You can also be accurate
but imprecise. For example, if on average, your measurements for the given substance are close
to the known value, but the measurements are far from each other, then you
_____________. [3 점]
① have accuracy without precision
② are unlikely to obtain the substance
③ achieve neither accuracy nor precision
④ create a new process of the measurement
⑤ are responsible for the wrong measurement
9. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [4월 비상]

31. Do you travel to work by your car? If not, by train or by bus? Does the travel mode
make a difference to your ? An analysis compared people going to work by a
private vehicle with those traveling to work by public transportation. The results showed that
people traveling to work by train had lower levels of life satisfaction than those using a private
vehicle. The public transportation users were also less likely to feel that their daily activities
were pleasing on average. Besides, they recorded higher anxiety levels on average than those
who traveled in a private vehicle. It may not come as a surprise to anyone who's experienced
squeezing into a packed train on their way to work.

① character
② happiness
③ health
④ intelligence
⑤ success

10. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [4월 비상]

Many activities are enjoyable and beneficial when . We all need time to
become relaxed, to go through a magazine or stare at the TV for a while, to surf the Internet,
enjoy a snack, and so on. But more is not always better. We may have too much of a good
thing. The occasional scoop of ice cream may be good for the soul ; a glass of red wine may
be good for the heart. But three scoops of ice cream at night is a guaranteed route to obesity;
three glasses of wine every evening is a sure-fire cause of liver damage.

① learned in detail
② planned in advance
③ done with close friends
④ consumed in small quantities
⑤ performed without disturbance
 [ 빈칸 추론 (2) ]

11. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [4월 비상]

From the moment a boy is born and throughout his life, it's important that he gets the
message that . With an infant, this means we need to acknowledge
all of the feelings the baby expresses. Rather than forcing him to constantly smile or laugh, we
also need to show him we're receptive to his sadness, fear, or other painful emotions. So when
a young infant begins to frown, kick, or cry, rather than trying to "cheer him up" or "smooth
things over" by making happy faces at him, let him know you understand how he's feeling.
Show him with your words, facial expressions, and gestures that you respect and understand his
genuine feelings.

① all of his emotions are sincere

② things are not divided by gender
③ actions speak louder than words
④ he is not allowed to be imperfect
⑤ he is born with everything he needs

12. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [4월 비상]

Psychologists do not use criticism to influence children. They use guidance. In criticism
parents attack children's personality attributes and their character. In guidance we
. We say nothing to the child about himself/herself. When
eight-year-old Mary accidentally spilled her juice, her mother commented calmly. "I see the
juice spilled. Let's get another glass of juice, and a sponge." She got up and handed the juice
and the sponge to her daughter. Mary cleaned up the table while her mother helped her. She
did not add cutting comments or useless warnings.

① focus on a different character trait

② also learn a lot from their mistakes
③ try to praise them as much as possible
④ expose them to many different situations
⑤ state the problem and a possible solution
13. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[4월 대성]

In a study, researchers divided ten-year-old children into two groups. One group of children

was told that their score on a test was due to their natural brain power. The other group was

told that they had got a good score because of their ability to study hard. Both groups were

then given a really difficult second task that was well beyond their ability, which no one could

complete. When given a third task, the children who thought their successes on the first task

were due to their good brains gave it up more easily. They thought that their failure on the

second task was due to their limited natural ability, which made them less likely to keep going

on the third task. In contrast, children who thought their performance was due to their efforts

not only worked longer on the third task, but also enjoyed it more. So it’s better to call your

child rather than simply smart.

① social ② positive ③ hardworking ④ creative ⑤ adventurous

14. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[4월 대성]

Economist Tyler Cowen writes on a daily blog called Marginal Revolution. One of his theories

about the future is that the world will be even more divided and unequal than it is now.

However, the division is not just between the rich and the poor, he says ─ it’s between those

who are comfortable with technology and those who resist it. “High earners,” according to his

explanation, are those who use computers of all kinds on a regular basis. “Low earners” are

those who are uncomfortable with using IT devices and software. Those who will

thrive in the future, therefore, are those who will to make their lives better and more

productive. No matter where they work, they will increase their value in the new job market.

① cooperate with others

② rely on traditional wisdom
③ be confident and courageous
④ be willing to predict the future
⑤ have the skills to use technology
15. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[4월 대성]

Consider this scenario. It’s 7 p.m. and you drive into a strange town. You’re hungry and you’re
looking for a restaurant. Let’s just say the battery in your smartphone is dead and you don’t
have any way to check restaurant reviews, so you’re on your own when it comes to picking a
restaurant. You see two restaurants. The one on the right side of the road has no cars in the
parking lot, while the one on the left side of the road has six cars. Which restaurant are you
going to pick? Most people would go to the restaurant with the cars in the parking lot,
assuming that all those people must know something, right? That’s social proof in action. And
think back to your smartphone. If your battery hadn’t been dead and you could check out
restaurant reviews, you would simply be checking another form of social proof. You would be
basing your actions on what . [3점]
① other people say or do
② you feel you should do
③ really happened in the past
④ you believe is very important
⑤ you think others don’t know

16. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[4월 대성]

As the voyages of Cheng Ho, the Chinese ‘Christopher Columbus,’ and the Chinese invention of
the compass demonstrate, Europe was not alone in making geographic advances. However, the
question remains: Why did China, for all its skill and technology, ? That would
have changed the course of history in the 15th century. The Chinese may have been too content
with what they had. They didn’t want to make the enormous effort that discovery and
exploration demanded. A historian has called the Chinese civilization ‘An Empire Without
Wants.’ Also, they were the people whose tradition had been to limit contact with foreigners.
After all, they were the heirs to the people who began to build the Great Wall in 214 B.C. to
keep out foreigners. [3점] *heir: 후계자
① remain as the strongest country
② fail to go on such an exploration
③ ignore further industrial evolution
④ give up a democratic government
⑤ try to practice power on its neighbors
17. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[5 월 대성]

Like it or not, ___________ matters. It is what we perceive around us. Consider the job you’re
applying for and be mindful of the signals you’re sending. An outfit that looks great for a
party may send the wrong message to a future employer. In some companies, wearing a suit is
a must, but in others it screams out, “I’m here to sell a copier.” And this applies once you are
hired as well. Years ago, I had a summer intern who came to work every day in short skirts
and high-heeled flip-flops. Nobody took her seriously. After I explained what was going on,
she made some easy changes, and people started appreciating her work. We tend to perceive
images of reality rather than reality itself. *flip-flops: 끈을 끼워서 신는 샌들
① appearance ② energy ③ speed ④ patience ⑤ talent

18. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[5 월 대성]

It’s not unusual for us to postpone our pleasure and happiness, hoping for a better tomorrow.
Do you place a burden on your happiness like, “I’ll be happy when I lose 10 pounds,” “I’ll be
happy when I get a new job or new car,” “I’ll be happy when I find the love of my life.”?
Why put off your happiness until Friday night or Sunday morning, this summer, or next winter?
The real fun in life lies in the present. If you find yourself saying, “I’ll be happy when ...,”
don’t wait for that day to come. It isn’t coming! You can waste your whole life waiting for
events to make you happy and you are still never happy. It’s because it must come from
within. Get rid of the thoughts like “I’ll be happy when _________” . [3점]

① Share happiness to enjoy it

② Find happiness in the here and now
③ Seek happiness in everything you learn
④ To be happy, make others happy
⑤ Be happy even in hard times
19. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[5 월 대성]

In mid-January 2001, a Swiss airplane could not take off for an entire day in Zurich while
crews searched on board for a mouse. About 200 passengers had to wait overnight until the
mouse was found, because the mouse would pose a safety risk to the jet and its passengers if it
chewed on cables. Is there a ‘mouse’ on your ‘jet’? Many times the smallest thing might cause
the greatest damage to your relationships. In a relationship, thinking small is important. Thinking
small means paying attention to something you often ignore. Little gestures or actions can leave
lasting impressions. Remember that, when you deal with people, you should _______.
① praise them personally
② pay attention to details
③ be honest and sincere
④ never complain to them
⑤ discuss rather than advise

20. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.[5 월 대성]

It has been said that the last thing which a dweller in the deep sea would be likely to
discover would be water. He would become conscious of its existence only if some accident
brought him to the surface and introduced him to air. Man has been only vaguely conscious of
the existence of culture and has owed even this consciousness to contrasts between the customs
of his own society and those of some other with which he happened to be brought into
contact. The ability to see the culture of one’s own society as a whole calls for a degree of
objectivity which is rarely, if ever, achieved. It is no accident that the modern scientist’s
understanding of culture has originated so largely from the study of non-European cultures
where observation could be aided by contrast. Those who know no culture other than their
own cannot _________ . [3점] *objectivity: 객관성

① know their own

② understand others
③ spread their culture
④ find common ground
⑤ exist without culture
 [ 빈칸 추론 (3) ]

21. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [5월 종로]

Sometimes it’s not hard to think you’re a victim of___________ . Look around you for a moment.
How many times in your day or week do you put the responsibility for your feelings and actions on
something or someone outside of your control? Have you ever tripped over your own foot and then
looked around you as if there were a loose board in the floor or a crack in the earth that was to
blame? Whose fault is it when you burn your mouth on that hot drink? Why do you glare at the cup?
How many times have you accused someone else of making you angry, or making you frustrated, or

making you unhappy?

① politics ② violence ③ prejudice

④ education ⑤ circumstances

22. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [5월 종로]

People help their friends more than they help strangers or acquaintances. But there may be an
exception to this general rule, and it has to do with the helper’s ego. If we can help a friend succeed in
a task that is not very important to our identity or related to our ego, we are likely to do so and to
delight in their success. But what if they succeed in doing something that we wish we could do at least
as well? Would we help a friend shine in this case? According to a theory, people sometimes offer
more help to a stranger than to one friend if the help is for something that can be threatening to the
helper’s ego. We may prefer that a stranger than a friend whose success we’ll
be reminded of all too often. [3점] *ego: 자아(自我)
① be left alone
② support himself
③ share what he has
④ be to blame for all
⑤ be the star of the show
23.. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [5월 종로]
Life is rhythmic, cyclical, and always evolving. It’s difficult not to notice the repetition and renewal
going on all around you. Just as darkness comes at the end of each day, so also comes the dawn to

spread light across the land. Just as plants must die at the end of their life cycle, the seeds they have
produced will emerge as new plants in the spring. Understanding the cyclical nature of life will reassure
you that difficult times won’t last forever, and you will feel joy and happiness again. There will always

be good times and bad, feasts and famines, hot summers and cold winters. Whenever you feel stuck,
spiritually dry, or truly gloomy, take time to remind yourself that ____________________. [3점]

① life is incomplete
② change is on its way
③ all your efforts matter
④ everyone makes mistakes
⑤ you’e the owner of your life

24. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [5월 종로]

Some people mistakenly think that wild plants aren’t attractive. However, some of them often
contain more vitamins and minerals than marketed plants. They have not been spoiled by
farmers’ care in contrast to the good plants of the garden. In order to survive in spite of
constant weeding and spraying, weeds had to develop strong survival properties. For example, in
order to stay alive without being watered, most weeds have developed unbelievably long roots. If
you have ever tried to pull out a dandelion plant with its roots, you understand what I mean.
Alfalfa’s roots grow up to twenty feet long, reaching for the most fertile layers of the soil. As a
result, some wild plants ___________________________________.
① can be used for medicine in an emergency
② can have serious negative effects on our health
③ grow best under natural and familiar conditions
④ are disappearing at an alarming rate due to humans
⑤ possess more nutrients than commercially grown plants
25 . 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [5월 중앙]

The worst bosses blame their people, causing them to live in constant fear as they wait for
the next bad news, which always seems to hit without warning and at random intervals. The
best bosses do everything possible to communicate when and how distressing events
will unfold. When the timing of a stressful event can be expected, so can its absence.
__________ helps people know when to relax and when to prepare for upcoming fear. It
protects them from the emotional and physical exhaustion and makes them feel safe.
Psychologist Seligman illustrated this with air-raid sirens used during the German bombing
of London during World War II. The sirens were so reliable that people went about their
lives most of the time without fear; they didn’t need to worry about hurrying to the shelters
unless the sirens sounded. * air-raid: 공습의
① Predictability ②Persuasion ③Responsibility ④Generosity ⑤ Insurance

26. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [5월 중앙]

Consider the used car market, where ownership of vehicles is transferred from a seller to a
buyer. In American slang, a “cherry” is a good car which is well-maintained no matter how old
it is, and a “lemon” refers to a bad one liable to break down soon after purchase. Because of
the nature of the market, it is considerably difficult for buyers to determine whether a
prospective purchase is a “cherry” or a “lemon”; variables such as the previous owner’s driving
style, accident history, maintenance checks and so on ―which all contribute to the quality of
the car ―are not easy for the prospective buyer to judge. The seller, however, knows all or
most of these details. As a result, there is always a(n) _____________ in this market ―
one party in a transaction knows more relevant information than the other. [3점]
* prospective: 미래의, 곧 있을
① equal ability
② tremendous profit
③ buyers’ advantage
④ unexpected demand
⑤ information imbalance
27 . 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [5월 중앙]

Top-performing achievers can . For example, rather than allowing a team environment to
influence his performance, Michael Jordan, a legendary basketball player, raises the team to his
level. Finally he succeeded in making his team reach the top. In business, the best achievers are
those who do not allow standards at the workplace to set their performance levels, and they are
also the best employees, since their achievements constantly raise the bar for their colleagues.
They raise the level of morale, increase standards for activity and productivity, and create an
atmosphere that brings out the best in everyone. [3점]

① know what success means

② contribute to an environment
③ emphasize not result but process
④ judge others’ achievements exactly
⑤ enjoy the present more than the future

28 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [6월 전국]

If we lived on a planet where nothing ever changed, there would be little to do. There
would be nothing to figure out and there would be no reason for science. And if we lived in
an unpredictable world, where things changed in random or very complex ways, we would not
be able to figure things out. Again, there would be no such thing as science. But we live in an
in-between universe, where things change, but according to . If I throw a stick up
in the air, it always falls down. If the sun sets in the west, it always rises again the next
morning in the east. And so it becomes possible to figure things out. We can do science, and
with it we can improve our lives.

① age ② luck ③ belief ④ rules ⑤ interests

29. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [6월 전국]

In 1995, a group of high school students in Miner County, South Dakota, started planning a
revival. They wanted to do something that might revive their dying community. Miner County had
been failing for decades. Farm and industrial jobs had slowly dried up, and nothing had replaced
them. The students started investigating the situation. One finding in particular disturbed them. They
discovered that half of the residents had been shopping outside the county, driving an hour to Sioux
Falls to shop in larger stores. Most of the things that could improve the situation were out of the
students’ control. But they did uncover one thing that was very much in their control: inviting the
residents to . They found their first slogan: Let’s keep Miner
dollars in Miner County. [3점]* resident: 주민

① work out regularly

② spend money locally
③ drive their cars safely
④ treat strangers nicely
⑤ share work equally

30. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [6월 전국]

What do rural Africans think as they pass fields of cash crops such as sunflowers, roses, or coffee,
while walking five kilometers a day to collect water? Some African countries find it difficult to feed
their own people or provide safe drinking water, yet precious water is used to produce export crops
for European markets. But, African farmers cannot help but grow those crops because they are one
of only a few sources of income for them. In a sense, African countries are exporting their water in
the very crops they grow. They need water, but they also need to export water through the crops
they produce. Environmental pressure groups argue that European customers who buy African coffee
or flowers are in Africa. [3점]

① lowering the prices of crops ② making water shortages worse

③ making farmers’ incomes lower ④ producing goods with more profit
⑤ criticizing the unfair trade of water
31. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [6월 전국]

One real concern in the marketing industry today is how to

in the age of the remote control and mobile devices. With the growing popularity of digital
video recorders, consumers can mute, fast-forward, and skip over commercials entirely. Some
advertisers are trying to adapt to these technologies, by planting hidden coupons in frames of
their television commercials. Others are desperately trying to make their advertisements more
interesting and entertaining to discourage viewers from skipping their ads; still others are simply
giving up on television advertising altogether. Some industry experts predict that cable providers
and advertisers will eventually be forced to provide incentives in order to encourage consumers
to watch their messages. These incentives may come in the form of coupons, or a reduction in
the cable bill for each advertisement watched. [3점]* mute: 음소거하다

① guide people to be wise consumers ② reduce the cost of television advertising

③ keep a close eye on the quality of products ④ make it possible to deliver any goods any time
⑤ win the battle for broadcast advertising exposure
 [어 휘]

1. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? [3월 전국]

New technologies create new interactions and cultural rules. As a way to encourage TV viewing, social
television systems now enable social interaction among TV viewers in different locations. These systems
are known to build a greater sense of (A) connectedness / isolation among TV­using friends. One field
study focused on how five friends between the ages of 30-36 communicated while watching TV at their
homes. The technology (B) allowed / forbade them to see which of the friends were watching TV and
what they were watching. They chose how to communicate via social television — whether through voice
chat or text chat. The study showed a strong preference for text over voice. Users offered two key
reasons for (C) disliking / favoring text chat. First, text chat required less effort and attention, and was
more enjoyable than voice chat. Second, study participants viewed text chat as more polite.

(A) (B) (C)

① connectedness ······· allowed ······· disliking
② connectedness ······· forbade ······· disliking
③ connectedness ······· allowed ······· favoring
④ isolation ······· forbade ······· favoring
⑤ isolation ······· allowed ······· disliking

2. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? [3 점] [4월 중앙]

When someone won’t look us in the eye when they talk, our trust in their credibility diminishes, even
though they may be doing it because of shyness. We had a politician client who constantly flicked his
eyes between the reporters and the cameras when he was being interviewed. This had the effect of making
him look (A) suspicious / truthful on the screen and each time he appeared on television his popularity
decreased. By training him simply to look at only the cameras, his credibility (B) decreased / increased .
We trained another politician to address his answers mainly to the lens of the television camera when he
participated in a televised political debate. While this made the hundred studio audience members feel
ignored, it impressed millions of television viewers who felt as if the politician was speaking (C) directly /
indirectly to them. * flick: 재빨리 움직이다
(A) (B) (C)
① suspicious …… decreased …… directly
② suspicious …… increased …… directly
③ suspicious …… increased …… indirectly
④ truthful …… decreased …… indirectly
⑤ truthful …… increased …… directly
3. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?[4월 비상]

When you are doing something, time is not the only important thing. The energy we give also
(A) matters /weakens. If a parent goes to watch their kid’s soccer game but only looks up
from their cellphone, they may have devoted their time, but they haven’t devoted their energy.
The kid will find their parent’s head down most of the game, busy texting someone. Without
giving their (B) attention /reward, the time is basically thrown away for both parent and child.
The same is true in our offices when we talk to someone while reading our e-mails. We may
be hearing everything, but the person speaking will not think so. As a result, an opportunity to
build trust is (C) wasted /found.
(A) (B) (C)
① matters ----- attention ----- wasted
② matters ----- attention ----- found
③ matters ----- reward ----- found
④ weakens ----- attention ----- wasted
⑤ weakens ----- reward ----- found

4. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점] [4월 대성]

Many vets don’t recommend a ferret as a pet for children under the age of ten. That’s
because young children are not always gentle with animals. Intentional mishandling is not usually
the problem here ─ just the opposite, in fact. It’s the (A) excess /lack. of love that sometimes
makes kids squeeze their pets and drag them around like stuffed toys. But ferrets of any age
don’t tolerate being hugged like toys no matter how much they are loved─they (B)hate /enjoy .
being squeezed or dragged. The child could be scratched and the ferret could be dropped and
injured. So if there are young children in the house, it’s probably best to (C)hurry /postpone .
your ferret purchase. This way there will be no chance of a child or a pet being hurt.
*ferret: 흰담비 **mishandling: 학대, 취급 부주의

(A) (B) (C)

① excess …… hate …...… hurry
② excess …… enjoy …… postpone
③ excess …… hate …….. postpone
④ lack ….....… enjoy …… hurry
⑤ lack ….....… hate …..… hurry
5. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점] [5 월 대성]
An octopus (A)scares/tricks its enemies in different ways. An octopus can hide without
going anywhere. It changes the way it looks so that it can’t be seen. An octopus can look like
a rock or like sand. It can turn red, orange, brown, black, white, or gray. When in danger,
an octopus can shoot out a cloud of ink. The ink (B)confuses/attracts the animal that is
attacking the octopus by acting as a smokescreen. To get away fast, the octopus takes
in water. Then it forces the water out of an opening in its body. Away moves the octopus!
An octopus can use rocks as an escape route, too. It pushes its soft body into the small spaces
between rocks. There it can find a (C)shelter/mate. No shark, dolphin, or eel can follow it
there.

① scares …… confuses …… shelter

② scares …… attracts …… mate
③ tricks …… confuses …… mate
④ tricks …… confuses …… shelter
⑤ tricks …… attracts …… mate

6. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점] [5월 종로]
While your children are still young, you can control which children they play with by keeping
them away from children whose habits you don’t like. But as they get older, especially after
they go to school, you cannot control things so well and they will (A) ralely / surely make a
friend you don’t find agreeable. The friend may have some habits you don’t want your child
exposed to. You can seldom break up the friendship by criticizing the other child or the bad
habits. It may be those very habits that (B) attracted / disappointed your child in the first place.
Such friendships may be a way for your children to learn how to deal with these bad habits in
another person, or, perhaps, in themselves. If you can stay cool but still point out to your
children that these are habits you don’t want them to (C) acquire / break , the message will
usually get through successfully.
(A) (B) (C)
① rarely ---- attracted ---- acquire
② rarely ---- disappointed ---- acquire
③ surely --- attracted ----- acquire
④ surely ----- disappointed --- break
⑤ surely ---- attracted --- break
7. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점] [5월 중앙]

Employers conduct surveys for various reasons, but some employees decline to respond to them.
This (A) agreement / refusal can cause bias in the results. In some instances, employees may
not have received a questionnaire, or they may have misplaced it and forgotten about it. But
others decisively refuse to participate in any survey by their employer about their opinions,
interests, and feelings. They think surveys can (B) protect / violate their privacy. The number
of noncompliant employees has been rising, because managers survey their employees too
frequently, asking for information so often that employees become annoyed. When the response
rate to an organization’s questionnaires is thus reduced, the resulting data can provide managers
with (C) accurate / misleading information.* noncompliant: 응하지 않는, 불복종하는
① agreement - protect - accurate
② refusal - violate - accurate
③ refusal - protect - misleading
④ agreement - protect - misleading
⑤ refusal - violate - misleading

8. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점][6월 전국]

Many successful people tend to keep a good bedtime routine. They take the time just before bed
to reflect on or write down three things that they are (A) regretful / thankful for that happened
during the day. Keeping a diary of things that they appreciate reminds them of the progress they
made that day in any aspect of their lives. It serves as a key way to stay motivated, especially
when they experience a (B) hardship / success . In such case, many people fall easily into the
trap of replaying negative situations from a hard day. But regardless of how badly their day went,
successful people typically (C) avoid / employ that trap of negative self-talk. That is because they know it
will only create more stress.

(A) (B) (C)

① regretful ······ hardship ······ avoid

② regretful ······ success ······ employ

③ thankful ······ hardship ······ avoid

④ thankful ······ success ······ avoid

⑤ thankful ······ hardship ······ employ