POLICE – body of civil authority THREE STYLES OF POLICING

ORIGIN OF THE WORD “POLICE” 1. LEGALISTIC – use of threats or actual arrests

POLITEIA – Greek – government 2. WATCHMAN – informal (areglo)
3. SERVICE – helping the community
POLITIA – Roman – condition of the state/government
EVOLUTION OF POLICING SYSTEM
POLICE – French – later adopted by the English language
PRAETORIAN GUARDS (Rome) – military bodies who serve as guardians
THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE of peace.
CONTINENTAL – police officers are servants of higher authorities. - Mga nakasakay sa kabayo
[France, Italy and Spain] - Carefully selected soldiers who protect the emperor
(Augustus)
HOME RULE – police officers are servants of the community or the
people. [Philippines] OFFICER DE PAIX – French term, means Peace officer
CONCEPT OF POLICE SERVICE
OLD CONCEPT – suppression - ↑ huli
MODERN CONCEPT – prevention – ↓ huli
[REFER TO PAGE 2 FOR THE EARLY POLICING SYSTEM DIAGRAM]
LAW ENFORCEMENT – some members of society act in an organized
manner to enforce the law.
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY – pertains to an organization responsible
for enforcing the laws.
POLICE ORGANIZATION – a group of trained personnel in the field of
public safety administration.
PUBLIC SAFETY – refers to the welfare and protection of the general
public.
PUBLIC SAFETY AGENCY – means any sheriff's office and any adult or
youth correctional, law-enforcement, fire safety organization or any
agency or department.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE / PNP

RA 6975 (Dec. 13, 1990) – DILG Act of 1990 -> The PNP Law of 1991 –
was approved by then President Corazon Aquino
RA 8551 – PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998 – reforming or
professionalizing the PNP – amended by President Fidel Ramos
RA 9708 – minimum of 5 yrs. education – further amended by President
GMA
NATIONAL IN SCOPE
 PNP is a nationwide government organization
 All uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the PNP are
national government employees
NATIONAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION / NBI
COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 181 – Division of Investigation
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 157 – Bureau of Investigation
EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 94 (Oct. 4, 1947) – National Bureau of
Investigation
PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY / PDEA
RA 9165
Dangerous Drug Board (DDB) → nagpprovide ng rules/policies about drugs
↳ PDEA → nagiimplement, humahawak sa kaso about drugs

SYSTEM – a combination of related elements that is functioning as a

whole in order to achieve a single goal or objective.
DILG (Dept. of the Interior and

PNP (Philippine Nat'l Police)

BFP (Bureau of Fire

Protection)
Local Gov't)

BJMP (Bureau of Jail

Management and
Penology)

PPSC (Philippine Public

Safety College)

NAPOLCOM (Nat'l
Police Commission)
LONDON POLICING PRIOR TO 1829  Police Professionalization Act of 1966
Henry Fielding 1st Detective force  POLCOM ➡ NAPOLCOM
 Author and 1st Chairman of NAPOLCOM: Cong. Teodulo
↓ (organized) ➚ C. Natividad
BOW STREET RUNNERS – magistrate in 1748 MARTIAL LAW PERIOD (1973)

(named) ↑ ➘ 1. PD 765 – Aug. 8, 1975

 Integration Act of 1975
John Fielding To catch thieves and robbers  Established the Integrated National Police (INP) composed of
BEGINNING OF MODERN POLICING the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus and the
integrated local police forces as components, under the
SIR ROBERT PEEL – father of Modern Policing System
Ministry of National Defense
LAW: Metropolitan Police Act of 1829  NAPOLCOM ⇆ Ministry of National Defense
 London/England’s METROPOLITAN POLICE FORCE (MPF) POST-MARTIAL LAW
considered as the FINEST police force in the world ↩ 1. EO NO. 1012
HIGHEST RANK: Commissioner  Transferred to the city and municipal government the
operational supervision and direction over all INP units
LOWEST RANK: Constable -> Bobbie’s Police
assigned within their locality; issued on July 10, 1985
HQ: Scotland Yard -> New Scotland Yard  INP ⇆ Municipality/City
MOTTO: Total Policing 2. EO NO. 1040
 Transferred the administrative control and supervision of the
INP from the Ministry of National Defense to the National
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Police Commission
NEW YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT (NYPD)  MND ➡ INP ⇆ NAPOLCOM
 US (1845) GLOBALIZATION – The process of global integration of the
 1ST modern style of police system/force in USA economies of nations by allowing the unrestricted flow of goods,
 Modeled after MPF services, investments; and currencies between and among countries.
 BIGGEST/LARGEST police force in the world FEATURES OF GLOBALIZATION
BOSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT (BPD)  Free market
 First night watch = 1631  Liberal policies in world economy
 Formally founded in May 1854  Free or open market
 Goods are available across the globe
AUGUST VOLLMER (USA) – father of Modern Law Enforcement
INTERNET REVOLUTION
- Father of Police Professionalism
 The proliferation of information technologies.
- Father of Police Ethics
- Author of the book “Police Administration” RESULTS:
- Counterpart of Sir Robert Peel  Mobile phones and internet brought people closer.
 Work can be outsourced to any part of the world that has an
HONGKONG POLICE FORCE – 1st modern police force in Asia internet connection.
HIGH-SPEED FORM OF TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM  One is able to reach one’s destination in a relatively short span
SPANISH PERIOD of time through: Air travel (open sky); Rail travel (trains/mass
transit); and Sea travel (speedboats)
1. CARABINEROS DE SEGURIDAD PUBLICA (1712)
a. Mounted police GLOBAL INTEGRATION
b. Forts, harbors, lakes, rivers  The idea of realizing a one single unified community.
c. To protect the PH against invaders  Villagization
2. GUARDILLEROS/QUADRILLO (1836)
GLOBAL VILLAGE
a. Composed of body of rural police in each province
b. 5% of able bodied male – 3 years of service  A futuristic version of world community as a village created by
3. GUARDIA CIVIL (1852) a high-level of electronics communication, conceived by
a. Partially relieved the Spanish Peninsular Troops Marshal McLuhan.
b. Urban Police WESTERNIZATION
c. Filipinos
d. Nagbantay sa Intramuros  AMERICANIZATION – the dominance of western forms of
e. Pinaka-modern sa tatlo political, economic and cultural life sometimes called as
McDonaldization.
(JAPANESE PERIOD – Kempeitei -> Japanese soldiers in PH)
GENERAL EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
AMERICAN PERIOD
INDUSTRY – emergence of worldwide production markets and broader
- US-PH Commission headed by Gov. Gen. William Howard Taft access to a range of foreign products for consumers and companies.
1. ACT NO. 70 “The Taft Commission” – Jan. 9, 1901
 Metropolitan Police Force in Manila (MPFM) FINANCE – emergence of worldwide financial markets and better access
to external financing for borrowers.
 Headed by: Arthur McArthur (father of Douglas
McArthur) ECONOMY – realization of a global common market, based on the
2. ACT NO. 175 – Jul. 18, 1901 freedom of exchange of goods and capital
 (IC) Insular Constabulary HEALTH – on the global scale, health becomes a commodity.
3. ACT NO. 183 – Jul. 31, 1901
POLITICS – some use "globalization" to mean the creation of a world
 MPFM ➡ MPD (Manila Police Department)
government which regulates the relationships among governments and
 Headed by: Capt. George Curry ↩
guarantees the rights arising from social and economic globalization.
 1st Fil. Chief: Col. Antonio Torres
 1st Chief AFTER PH independence: Col. Lamberto Javalera INFORMATION – increase in information flows between geographically
(1946) remote locations.
4. ACT NO. 255 – Oct. 3, 1901 COMPETITION – survival in the new global business market calls for
 IC ➡ PC (Philippine Constabulary) improved productivity and increased competition.
 1st chief of PC: Cpt. Henry Allen (1901) SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT – social-development of the system of non-
5. EO NO. 389 – Dec. 23, 1940 governmental organizations as main agents of global public policy,
 PC be one of the four services of the AFP including humanitarian aid and developmental efforts.
POST-AMERICAN PERIOD TECHNOLOGY – development of a Global Information System, global
1. RA 4864 – Sept. 8, 1966 telecommunications infrastructure and greater trans-border data flow,
using such technologies as the internet, communication satellites, RECONDUCTION – forcible conveying of aliens back to their home state.
submarine fiber optic cable, and wireless telephones. (Ex. destitute aliens, vagabonds, aliens without documents and alien
LEGAL/ETHICAL – the creation of the international criminal court and criminals.)
international justice movements. Crime importation and raising EXPULSION/DEPORTATION – predicated on the ground that the stay of
awareness of global crime-fighting efforts and cooperation. The the alien constitutes a menace to security of state, his entry is illegal,
emergence of Global administrative law. and permission to stay has expired.
RELIGION – the spread and increased interrelations of various religious TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES
groups, ideas, and practices and their ideas of the meanings and values  Committed involving several states or countries/crime which
of particular spaces. crosses boarders.
CULTURE – globalization has joined different cultures and made it into ITS CHARACTERISTICS:
something different.
1. It is committed in more than one State;
THEORIES EXPLAINING GLOBALIZATION 2. It is committed in one State but substantial part of its
A. MODERNIZATION THEORY – attempts to identify the preparation, planning, direction or control takes place in
social variables that contribute to social progress and another State;
development of societies and seeks to explain the 3. It is committed in one State but involves an organized criminal
process of social evolution. group engages in criminal activities in more than one State
B. COLONIZATION THEORY – this external control of foreign 4. It is committed in one State but has substantial effects in
territories created a metropole (the colonizing country) another State.
and colony (the colonized lands) based on unequal PRIMARY STRATEGIES AGAINST TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME
power and exploitation of the colonies by the metropole.
Educational curricula and content was a key tool in  Good Governance
enabling and enforcing the power and control of colonial  The Rule of Law
regimes.  International Cooperation

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

 It has increased inequality and environmental degradation.
 In many poorer nations, foreign businesses utilizing workers
in a country take advantage of the lower wage rates.
(sweatshops)
 Brain drain - Opportunities in richer countries drives talent
away from poorer countries, leading to brain drains.
 Disease - Globalization has also helped to spread some of the
deadliest infectious diseases known to humans.
 Drug and illicit goods trade – Worldwide, the UN estimates
there are more than 50 million regular users of heroin,
cocaine and synthetic drugs
EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE ROLE & FUNCTIONS OF THE POLICE
POSITIVE EFFECTS
 The facilitation of transnational crimes and criminals can be
easily achieved.
 There is a need for transnational policing. The cooperation
among police organizations in the world is vital.
 Training instructions for incoming law enforcement officers
must include advance computer to prepare them as cyber
cops so they can be better prepared to deal with cybercrimes.
 Development of new strategies to deal with international
organized crimes is a must.
 Provisions of law enforcement with updated legislations
related to modernization theories of crime
NEGATIVE EFFECTS
 Threats of Terrorism and Organized Crime
 Terrorists and Criminal Groups have access to sophisticated
weapons enhancing their capability to inflict damage and to
commit crimes;
 Terrorists and Criminals use Internet for communicating
among themselves;
 Terrorists can spread propaganda through the Internet;
 More rallies/demonstrations by anti-globalization groups
 Increase in criminality
OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS FOR POLICING BROUGHT ABOUT BY
GLOBALIZATION
OPPORTUNITIES
 More training abroad for police personnel;
 Availability of State-of-the-Art police equipment;
 Strong cooperation among nations against transnational
crime and terrorism;
 Participation in UN Peacekeeping Missions
THREATS
 Strong capabilities of organized crime /terrorist groups.
 Commission of more transnational crimes;
 More incidents of terrorism;
 Increase in criminal activity
EXTRADITION
 the surrender of a person by one state to another where he is
wanted for prosecution or, if already convicted, for
punishment.