Headless systems

[email protected]
What comes next?
• Sensor network
• VERY_SMALL_DEVICES

Such devices have no video console

Intel Quark processor
• Small and low-power processor
• Intel Galileo
– Arduino compatible
• Intel Edison
– SD card size
 UEFI only?
• In last December, I knew Intel Galileo’s UEFI
doesn’t support BIOS compatible function.
• And then, I knew MinnowBoard was UEFI only.
• The relase date of Galileo was in January, so I
bought MinnowBoard as a test machine of
UEFI boot.
 products
Product Company CPU Configu BIOS or video Serial Console
ration UEFI
MinnowBo Intel Atom +EG20T UEFI only E600 internal puc(4)
ard E600
Not
X9SBAA-F Supermicro Atom 1 chip UEFI+BIO BMC headless puc(4)
S1200 SoC S
Galileo Intel Quark 1 chip UEFI only No puc(4)
X1000 SoC
headless
86duino DMP Vortex 1 chip BIOS No isa(4)
Electronics 86EX SoC

86duino is not so difficult.

86duino
 UEFI boot
• jak@ is working to support UEFI boot.
• I got a test binary from him to boot NetBSD on
some devices.
• UEFI bootloader for IA32!
– Not for x86_64!
 UEFI shell
• Variety of commands
• Some of useful commands
– help
– ver
– devices
– devtree
– pci
– drivers
– smbiosview -a
– dmpstore
– memmap
 Examples of UEFI shell output
• MinnowBoard
– http://pastebin.com/Le2AAPby
• Intel Galileo
– http://pastebin.com/FjpKRtEQ
– http://pastebin.com/jXyadkXq
 One of my SD card
five# ls -l /mnt
total 13210
drwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 2048 Jul 10 2013 EFI
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 75 Jul 10 2013 ID.txt
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 13217853 Jan 18 01:03 netbsd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 13 Jan 3 2001 origstartup.nsh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 13 Jul 10 2013 startup.nsh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 148736 Jan 16 22:47 uefiboot_i386-20140115.efi
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 148608 Jan 13 06:40 uefiboot_i386.efi
 Loader’s output on MinnowBoard
UEFI Interactive Shell v2.0. UEFI v2.31 (Firmware Version 1.00, 0x4E278000). Revision
1.02
Mapping table
FS0: Alias(s):HD18b:;BLK1:
PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x17,0x0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/Pci(0x4,0x0)/HD(1,GPT,A16FE367-D6CB-
400D-AFD5-7BF515F6F4CE,0x800,0x9000)
BLK0: Alias(s):
PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x17,0x0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/Pci(0x4,0x0)
BLK2: Alias(s):
PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x17,0x0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/Pci(0x4,0x0)/HD(2,GPT,4C14C54B-ACE4-
49D9-B190-5464D768712B,0x9800,0x6DF800)
BLK3: Alias(s):
PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x17,0x0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/Pci(0x4,0x0)/HD(3,GPT,5AF355CB-1D17-
4634-9E74-DBCF60EA36F6,0x6E9000,0x5C800)
Press ESC in 3 seconds to skip startup.nsh or any other key to continue.
2.0 Shell> fs0:
2.0 FS0:¥> uefiboot_i386-20140115.efi
 Loader’s output on MinnowBoard (2)
argc 1
2.0 FS0:¥> uefiboot_i386-20140115.efi
arg 0: uefiboot_i386-20140115.efi
alloc 0x3df54f90 54
alloc 0x3df54f10 8 acpi table 0x3f3d8000
main entry 00000000 52 53 44 20 50 54 52 20 59 49 4e 54 45 4c 20 00
main stack canary 0x3dee7047 00000010 00 70 3d 3f 52 53 44 20 50 54 52 20 e3 49 4e 54
main _start 0x3dec6240 00000020 45 4c 20 02 74 70 3d 3f 24 00 00 00 e8 70 3d 3f
main _stack_top 0x3dee70a0 00000030 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 00 10 00 10 04 00 40 00
alloc 0x3df4b010 10464 acpi20 table 0x3f3d8014
00000000 52 53 44 20 50 54 52 20 e3 49 4e 54 45 4c 20 02
00000010 74 70 3d 3f 24 00 00 00 e8 70 3d 3f 00 00 00 00
>> NetBSD/i386 UEFI Boot, Revision 0.0 (from NetBSD 6.99.28)
00000020 08 00 00 00 00 10 00 10 04 00 40 00 02 00 10 00
>> Memory: 636/1034440 k
00000030 00 02 20 00 80 00 10 00 00 00 00 30 30 01 00 00
get_gop GOP OpenProtocol status 80000003
> boot
24 alloc 0x3df48f10 132
Handles[0] 0x3e4f5d90 devopen
Handles[1] 0x3e615890 devopen after parsebootfile() ufs hd 0 0 netbsd
get_gop GOP OpenProtocol status 0 00000000 02 01 0c 00 d0 41 03 0a 00 00 00 00 01 01 06 00
dealloc 0x3df55510 8 00000010 00 17 01 01 06 00 00 00 01 01 06 00 00 04 7f ff
mi 0 0 640 480 1 ( ff0000 ff00 ff ff000000 ) 640 00000020 04 00
(snip) tdpath: PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x17,0x0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/Pci(0x4,0x0)
mi 50 0 1920 1080 1 ( ff0000 ff00 ff ff000000 ) 1920 dealloc 0x3df4ed10 0
alloc 0x3df47010 2588
Mode 18 MaxMode 51
efidisk_open 0x3df47010
FrameBufferBase 3f800000 FrameBufferSize 7b0000
efidisk_open BlockSize 200
mi 0 1024 768 1 ( ff0000 ff00 ff ff000000 ) 1024
efidisk_open about to read_partitions()
gop_info 32 4096 (snip)
(snip)
Video output on MinnowBoard
 Problem for debugging
• Serial console didn’t work, so it was difficult to
debug.
• MinnowBoard has video (HDMI), but the
output was too fast to see 
• My video capture card didn’t work with
MinnowBoard’s HDMI output 
• I recorded movie using with iPhone5s
(120fps) and checked it.
 ACPI root pointer
NetBSD 6.99.28 (SMALL) #43: Sat Jan 18 01:….
[email protected]:/disk/sources...
total memory = 1010 MB
avail memory = 980 MB
timecounter: Timecounters tick every 10.000 msec
Generic PC
mainbus0 (root)
RTC BIOS diagnostic error 0x37<config_unit,memory_size,invalid_time>
ACPI BIOS Error (bug): A valid RSDP was not found (20131218/tbxfroot-223)
acpi_probe: failed to initialize tables
ACPI Error: Could not remove SCI handler (20131218/evmisc-331)

Remember. Serial console couldn’t be used,

so I checked this output with my eyes and
wrote by hand.
Video output on MinnowBoard
 puccn problem
• What is the problem?
– com device via puc(4) can be used, but the code is
very dirty 
– (perhaps) a lot of people include me think that “I
don’t want to touch that code because I might
break sys/dev/ic/com.c”
 Why puccn is important
• Intel PCHs have no ISA serial port.
– Serial console can’t be used on a lot of new
machines 
• Intel Galileo’s serial ports are puc(4) com. And
more, it has no video console!!!
One of solution for puccn problem
• PR#48016
– http://gnats.netbsd.org/cgi-bin/query-pr-
single.pl?number=48016
– This PR was resolved 1 month ago.

>Responsible: msaitoh
>State: closed
>Class: sw-bug
>Submitter-Id: net
>Arrival-Date: Fri Jul 05 00:25:00 +0000 2013
>Closed-Date: Thu Feb 06 15:53:21 +0000 2014
 One of bad point in puccn
sys/arch/x86/pci/pci_machdep.c

#if NCOM > 0

int
cpu_comcnprobe(struct consdev *cn, struct pci_attach_args *pa)
{
pci_mode_detect();
pa->pa_iot = x86_bus_space_io;
pa->pa_memt = x86_bus_space_mem;
pa->pa_pc = 0;
#if 0
pa->pa_tag = pci_make_tag(0, 0, pci_bus_maxdevs(NULL, 0) - 1, 0);
#else
pa->pa_tag = pci_make_tag(0, 2, pci_bus_maxdevs(NULL, 0) - 1, 0);
#endif
return 0;
}
#endif

• Only bus number 0’s bus is scanned 

• On E600+EG20T, pci bus 0 is used in E600,
• The bus number of puc com in EG20T is 2, so it doesn’t match :-(
 Variation of com device
• I/O mapped(A)
– inb, outb
– PCI_MAPREG_TYPE_IO
• Almost all PCI com devices use this type.
• memory mapped
– Sometimes used in SoC’s com.
– PCI_MAPREG_TYPE_MEM
– Byte register is
• 1byte stride(B)
• 4byte stride(C)
– Galileo is (C)
– Small number of SoC use this type.
 My patch
• I sent a patch to tech-kern two month ago.
• I got a feedback from tsutsui@
• I modified my patch from his advice, but not
tested yet because I have been busy for more
than one month.
• I’ll test my patch with some boards and will
send new email in this month.
Future work
• Support on-chip Ethernet device in Quark
• Support GPIO in Quark
• Buy Intel Edison
– Though I don’t know when the board will be
released.
• (someone) make a nice application using with
GPIO or something else.