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AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL
UNIVERSITY-BANGLADESH
Faculty of Engineering

LAB Title: Design and Implementation of Astable Multivibrator using

555 Timer
LAB No: 09 Date of
Submission:08-09-24 Course Title: DIGITAL LOGIC AND
Course Code: EEE3102
CIRCUITS LAB Section: C
Semester: Summer 2023-24 Course Teacher: MD. Ali Noor

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* Student(s) must complete all details except the faculty use part.

** Please submit all assignments to your course teacher or the office of the concerned teacher.
Group Name/No.: 06

No Name ID Program Signature

1 Asef Abdullah 22-49923- BSc [CSE]

3
2 Md. Afiqul Islam 22-47874- BSc [CSE]
2
3 FARZANA ZAMAN 22-48258- BSc [CSE]
2
4 Sufian, Md. Waliullah 22-49964- BSc [CSE]
3
5 Ahsan, Md. Ridwan Bin 22-49953- BSc [CSE]
3

Faculty use only

FACULTYCOMMENTS
Marks Obtained
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Total Marks

Table of Contents

Title 3
Introduction 3
Theory and methodology 3,4
Apparatus 5
Experimental Procedure 6
Hardware Implementation 8-10
Simulations 10-11
Answers to the Questions in the Lab Manual 11
Discussion 11
Conclusion 11-12
References 12
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Title: Design and implementation of multivibrators using Timer IC

Introduction:
The name of the timer comes from the three 5 kΩ resistors which are embedded in it [1]. This
IC gives precise time at the output which is must in the time related circuits. One of its basic
operations is to produce clock pulses with predefined frequency as an astable mutivibrator.
Another operation is to work like a stop watch which is done in monostable mode. We will
see these two operations in this experiment. The following figure is the layout of the 555
Timer IC as which allows us to focus on the functions of the circuit.

Figure 1 : Pin configuration of the 555 timer IC.

Theory and Methodology:

Astable Multivibrator: It is also called free running sinusoidal oscillator. An astable
multivibrator is simply and oscillator. The astable multivibrator generates a continuous
stream of rectangular off-on pulses that switch between two voltage levels. The frequency of
the pulses and their duty cycle are dependent upon the RC network values.
Figure 2: 555 timer connected as an astable multivibrator
The time that the output is high, T L is how long it takes C to discharge from 1/3 of Vcc to 2/3
of Vcc. It is expressed as
TH = 0.7(RA + RB) C
The time that the output is low, T H is how long it takes C to charge from 2/3 of Vcc to 1/3 of
Vcc. It is expressed as
TL =0.7RBC
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The time period, T = TH + TL = 0.7(RA + 2RB) C

Frequency of Oscillation, f = 1/T = 1.44 / (RA + 2RB) C
Duty cycle, D = TH/ T = (RA + RB)/ (RA + 2RB) x 100%.

One shot multivibrator: In the one-shot mode, the 555 acts like a monostable multivibrator.
A monostable is said to have a single stable state--that is the off state. Whenever it is
triggered by an input pulse, the monostable switches to its temporary state. It remains in that
state for a period of time determined by an RC network. It then returns to its stable state. In
other words, the monostable circuit generates a single pulse of fixed time duration each time
it receives and input trigger pulse. Thus the name becomes one-shot. One-shot multivibrators
are used for turning some circuit or external component on or off for a specific length of time.
It is also used to generate delays. When multiple one-shots are cascaded, a variety of
sequential timing pulses can be generated. Those pulses will allow you to time and sequence
a number of related operations.

Pulse width of the output is given by T= 1.1 RC (in seconds)

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Figure 3: 555 timer connected as a one shot multivibrator

Apparatus:

Serial Required
Name Picture Remarks
no. amount

Good
1 Digital trainer board 1
condition

Good
2 Resistors 1k 1
condition

Good
3 Resistors 10 k 1
condition

Good
4 Capacitor 0.1u 1
condition

Good
5 Capacitor 10u 1
condition
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Good
6 555 Timer IC 1
condition

Good
7 Connecting wires multiple
condition

Experimental procedure:
The setups for the astable multivibrator and monostable multivibrator had been given in the following
figures:

Figure 4: Experimental setup for astable multivibrator.

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Figure 5: Experimental setup of the monostable multivibrator.

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Hardware Implementation:

Figure 6 : Astable Multivibrator Using 555 timer

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Figure 7: Monostable Multivibrator Using 555 timer

Simulation:
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Figure 8: Astable Vibrator with 555 Timer

Figure 9: Monostable Vibrator with 555 Timer

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Answer to the questions:

For Astable Multivibrator,

R1 = 10 KΩ
R2 = 1 KΩ
C = 10µF

TL = 0.7 R2C
= 0.7 X 10 X 103 X 10 X 10-6
=0.007 S

TH= 0.7(R1+ R2) C

= 0.7((10 X 103 ) + (1X 103 )) X 10 X 10-6
= 0.077 S

T= TL + TH
=0.007 + 0.077
= 0.084 S

f = 1/T
=1/0.084
=11.9 Hz

Duty Cycle = TH / T
= (0.077/0.084) X 100%
= 91.67 %

For Monostable Multivibrator,

T= 1.1 RC=1.1 × 103 × 10 × 10−6 = 0.011 s

Discussion:
In this Lab we have used NI Multisim version -14 software for the Simulations. We faced
some problems while using this. Overall was easy for finding the solution through by the
software and drawing circuit was average for beginners. First of all, we had to know about
555 timer. Then we can set a preparation for working on Multisim Software We assembled all
the components in the Multisim bread board. We faced some problems implementing the
components. We also changed the breadboard .Because some parts of the bread board did not
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work perfectly. We have confirmed to build the connection between the circuit wires without
any major problem. The successful implementation of the astable multivibrator using 555
Timer IC demonstrated its functionality in generating a stable square wave output. We can
observe from the simulation result which in done in Multisim that the frequency and duty
cycle of the output waveform could be controlled by adjusting the values of resistors and
capacitors in the circuit.

Conclusion:
From both simulation and experimental observations, we can say that we’ve successfully
achieved our desired result. From simulation we observed that the astable multivibrator was
generating a square wave output. We also observed that if we vary the resistor and capacitor’s
value the wave shape is also vary. We also observed the time with a stopwatch to measure the
time taken by the circuit to charge and discharge and also determine the High time and Low
time, We’ve done this both theoretically and experimentally.

Reference:
[1] American International University–Bangladesh (AIUB) digital logic circuit Lab
Manual.
[2] www.tutorialspoint.com
[3] www.electronics-tutorials.ws
[4] “Digital Fundamentals” by Thomas L. Floyd