EXCEL 2021

The Most Complete Illustrated Guide To Upgrading

From Beginner To Expert in Microsoft Excel.
Discover All the Tricks and Hidden Secrets No One
Has Ever Told in Only 5 Days!

Richard Tudor
 © Copyright 2022 - All rights reserved. -
Jeremy Richards

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 Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1: MICROSOFT EXCEL 2021 INTERFACE

T T B
R T
R
O B
Q A T
A C
N B
F B
V H S C

CHAPTER 2: GETTING STARTED WITH MICROSOFT EXCEL

H O M E ?
T M N B W
H C N W
V T W S
C W
T A P S W
T P W
U T
C W T
P Y W
S E W
I
D W
F W P
E N T W
H R W
H H C W
M R W
U R
C ,C , P
CHAPTER 3: BASIC TASKS IN ENTERING, EDITING, AND MANAGING DATA IN
EXCEL

H C R
H C T C
H C M S B W
H N E S M W
T Q A T E

CHAPTER 4: CELL NAVIGATION

E D C
E C
D R E N
M C H
H W T C
H A S D C
T D C C
T D C
T D D C
H U B I C
T F H C
U C C
H A B C
H M T A Y B C
C S E
A C N

CHAPTER 5: FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS

H M F E ?
B B F
IF F
E S F
E S F
E F :M D
E F L O
E M F
T F
 T F S ()
E O O P
C F
T F
E LET F

CHAPTER 6: EXCEL PIVOT TABLES

A P T
C P T
I S
L F
C R ' P
C P T ' F
C P T C
F P T C
H F P T E
H U A F E
R E P T O
H C E VLOOKUP() P T S S
C S

CHAPTER 7: EXCEL CHARTS

H C P
H M M D
S C
R C
W D
C C
H C P C E
L C

CHAPTER 8: COMMON TOOLS USED IN EXCEL

S D
F D
D C
G R D
 D V F

CHAPTER 9: GETTING HELP IN EXCEL

CHAPTER 10: HOW DATA CAN BE ENTERED IN A WORKBOOK?

C E
T
T

CHAPTER 11: TIPS AND TRICKS

C F
P S
M R
A R
P O
E F A /D
F F
COMMON PROBLEMS IN EXCEL AND ITS SOLUTIONS
M C
U T P
V C T
S C /R

CHAPTER 12: SHORTCUTS, TIPS, AND SOLUTIONS TO COMMON PROBLEMS

SHORTCUTS
B E S
G S K
N F S K
W S K
R S K
D D (A S C )
N S K
S S K
A C S K
F S K
C R S K
P T S K
 D B S K

CONCLUSION
 Introduction

E xcel is a very powerful application that offers countless opportunities to

improve and track the efficiency of our daily tasks. Designed to improve
the storing, analysis, and calculations on large sets of data, Excel has the
potential to massively boost work productivity and efficiency for the
knowledgeable user. Data can be effectively organized and formatted to build
clear, effective, and concise reports that will present your results in a
convincing and professional way. The range of tools and functionality
available for statistical analysis is immense, allowing users to tackle very
large amounts of data.
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program for managing and organizing
numerical and statistical data. Microsoft Excel includes a variety of tools for
performing tasks such as calculations, pivot tables, graphing tools, macro
programming, and more. It works for a variety of operating systems,
including Windows, Mac OS X, Android, and iOS.
This book is written to expose you to the rudiments of excel in an evolving
economy where virtually all transactions are based on the power of the
internet. But you cannot handle fiscal transactions accurately without tools
such as Microsoft Excel.
Microsoft Excel was originally released on the market in 1987, 32 years ago.
It was built as new software to calculate fundamental end-user functions for
individuals searching for a faster way to compute. Many versions of MS
excel have been launched, and the latest one is Excel 2021, which has highly
professional features for high-end businesses and financial analysts to
manage their work more efficiently than ever before. The program grew
increasingly sustainable over time for a variety of reasons. Users will be
able to handle massive amounts of data, create balance sheets, and plan
journeys in no time. Microsoft Excel nowadays provides so much more than
that, allowing users to execute a number of spreadsheet-related activities.
Those that open Excel will be able to get started using it right away.
To remain competitive in today's environment, all businesses must adapt and
progress. Implementing development programs so that workers can remain on
top of the newest technology and work as effectively as possible is one
approach to remain ahead of the pack and enhance profitability. MS Excel
helps the employees that are talented and desire to be motivated and work
hard to remain ahead of the competition who must have the advanced
knowledge of new software and technologies. Organizations can improve
retention and lower employee turnover by giving them the education and
training about the new coming advanced software such as Microsoft Excel to
be as efficient as they want to be. They can also reduce to loss of valuable
and the most talented employees to competitors by offering them ongoing
training to be successful. Microsoft Excel for Business is an application that
is often used in these business training programs.
Learning basic Excel shouldn't be an impossible job for you. With this
ultimate guide to learn Excel 2021 formulas and functions step by step from
A–Z, you will have wide knowledge in a few hours if you follow all the
instructions we are going to put to learn Excel. Spend a little of your time to
finish reading it completely and you will see how many benefits you will
find.
Happy Reading.
 CHAPTER 1:

Microsoft Excel 2021 Interface

xcel Spreadsheets refers to a rectangular grid with columns and rows in

E the Excel user interface. This is how the whole user interface looks:
This section provides an overview of the Excel 2021 user interface so that
you’re familiar with the names of various parts of the interface that will be
mentioned throughout the book.

The Title Bar

The Book1 title bar is normal (and Book2 etc.). When you save an Excel
workbook, these are replaced by the filename.
Worksheet Tab
A workbook's worksheets Sheet no. 1, Sheet no. 2, and so on are the default
labels. After clicking the worksheet tab, they go to any workbook in the
workbook. You can also navigate using the four small arrows. Tab Arrows is
a button to the right of the worksheet tab. The first arrow will take you to the
first worksheet, a second will take you to a previous worksheet, the third
will take you to the next worksheet, and the fourth will take you to the very
last worksheet. By double-clicking on the tab and typing inside a new name,
you can change the name of any worksheet. You can build a new worksheet
by selecting that rightmost workbook button icon, Current Worksheet Button
Icon. By left-clicking on the workbook section and dragging this to a new
location in the list, you can rearrange the spreadsheets in the folder. Through
right-clicking on certain worksheet tabs or even the worksheet tab arrows,
you can access additional features.
Ribbon Tabs
The items throughout the upper menu are called Ribbon Tabs. Home-Insert,
Page Layout-Formula/, etc., are included in the example above. Depending
on whether you're in life, your options can change. The majority of Excel's
functionality can be accessed using this form of ribbon tab. A different
ribbon represents each tab. This tab gives you access to one of Excel's often
useful functions. The items throughout the upper menu are called Ribbon
Tabs. Home/Insert/Page/Layout/Formula, and so on are included in the
example above. Depending on whether you're in life, your options can
change. A majority of Excel's functionality can be accessed using this form of
ribbon tab. A different ribbon represents each tab. The It tab gives you
access to one of Excel's well functions.
Ribbon
The ribbon is a set of Excel features that lead to a single ribbon tab. The
Clipboard/ Font/Number/Alignment and other sections of the Home ribbon
are shown in Figure 1. Each group has a number of icons that correspond to
Excel functions. Select the text and then the center indicator Excel Center
Script Icon from the Alignment group on the Home ribbon to center the cell's
material inside a worksheet. The abbreviation for this sequence of steps is:
just at the top of the page, you'll find Alignment|Center.
Similarly, you may merge two cell types by going to Home >
Alignment|Merge and Center and highlighting the two cells; both cells will be
combined, as well as any content put throughout the merged cell will be
oriented. You can also attach, delete, and format cells, rows, columns, and
worksheets from Home > Cells.
There are shortcuts for certain icons. To center the contents of a cell, for
example, click on it and then press Ctrl-E.
To learn more about a symbol, hover the mouse cursor over it (without
clicking). A tooltip with information about the icon will appear.
On a ribbon, small arrows emerge next to any group's name (to the right of
the title of the piece). When you press this arrow, a dialogue box will appear
with many options for you to choose from. User clicks the arrow again for
Font category on the Home ribbon, for example, opens the dialogue box of
tabs labeled Numbers, Position, Font, Border, etc. Each tab inside the
dialogue box displays a different set of editing features for the cells inside
the currently selected worksheet. Select the Number tab, therefore the
Number preference, and then filled in 3 within the boxes specifying the
number of decimal places to display numbers within highlighted cells with
three decimal places.
Within a group, faint downward arrows appear next to unique icons. When
you click on the arrow, a vertical variety of options will appear. Clicking the
Insert icon in the Home Ribbon’s Cells tab, for example, displays the
choices Insert Cells..., Insert Sheets Rows, Insert Sheet Column, and Insert
Sheet.

In certain classes, there are also scrollable dropdown lists with such a
downward arrow. A scrollable range of available fonts is displayed by
pressing an arrow to the right of a Font dropdown list in the Font community,
primarily on the Home ribbon (Arial, Time New Romans, and so on).
Office Button
When you press this button, you'll be presented with a list of choices. There
are buttons for opening, saving, and printing workbooks, as well as an Excel
Options icon. A dialogue box appears when you press this button, allowing
you to adjust various configuration parameters.

Quick Access Toolbar

That Quick Access Toolbar located in the upper hand corner of the page and
just to the right of an Office Button above the File or Home tabs in Excel
versions beginning with Excel 2021 contains frequently used icons. By
default, the Save, Repeat or Undo icons are now on the toolbar. To add or
delete icons from a toolbar, click the tiny down arrow at just the right end of
the toolbar to bring up the customization dialogue window.
Active Cell
This is the cell where you last tapped or moved the mouse. This cell is
highlighted in the show.

Name Box
You can get to another cell by typing the address of that cell throughout the
Name Box by pressing the Enter key.
Formula Bar
The Formula Bar displays the contents of the active cell. When it's a formula,
the formula is shown here, while the value of the formula is shown in the
cell. You may also click the fx symbol to the right of the Formula Bar to bring
up a dialogue box that will help you find the correct function and arguments
for this formula.

Vertical and Horizontal Split Control

Used to split a worksheet. Just above the vertical scroll bar is the vertical
split control, which is a small rectangular box. When you turn a control
downward, the worksheet's view splits in half, allowing you to see two
separate sections of the worksheet at once. The two sections reunite when
you return the control to its original location, and only one view of a
worksheet is shown.
The horizontal splitting control is just to the right of a horizontal scroll bar
but functions similarly. The worksheet monitor splits horizontally into two
pieces if you switch control to the left.
 CHAPTER 2:

Getting Started with Microsoft Excel

he Microsoft Excel program is a spreadsheet made up of individual cells

T that can be used to create functions, calculations, charts, and graphs for
organizing and analyzing large amounts of data and information.
Excel performs like a database, with facts, formulas, and functions arranged
into rows (defined by numbers) and columns (defined by letters) that can be
used to execute complex calculations.

How to Open Microsoft Excel?

Follow the steps below to open MS Excel on your computer:

1. Click on Start.
2. Then any of the programs will be accessible.
3. The next move is to open MS Office.
4. Finally, choose MS Excel from the dropdown menu.
Alternatively, you should use the Start button to look for MS Excel in the
open search box.
Launching Excel 2021 from Windows 10
Go to the Taskbar and right tap on the Excel button. Press down the Alt-key
and left-tap on the Excel menu bar.
Now, press down the Alt-key until the screen under shows up. From the
options, you can click on the Yes icon to open a new instance.
Another method is running the application. Tap on the Start menu and click
on Run. Then, fill in Excel.exe/x. After typing these letters, click on the Enter
menu. But you can move to Windows 10. Locate the Start menu and type in
Excel.exe/x. After this, press the Enter bar to launch the software.
To Make a New Blank Workbook
Click on the File tab. A backstage view will be displayed.

Choose New, then select Blank Workbook.

You'll see a new blank workbook appear.
How to Create a New Workbook
Creating a new workbook from an old workbook could be done by scrolling
to the File menu and tapping on the New icon. Go to the Templates bar and
select New from existing.
Scroll to the New from the existing Workbook menu. Search or browse the
folder, drive, or web location where the Workbook you want to open is
located. Tap on the Workbook and select Create New icon.
Viewing Two Workbooks Simultaneously
It is possible to view two Workbooks at the same time. Follow these methods
to achieve your goals:

1. Move to the Window group in the View tab and select New
window.
2. Tap on View side by side in the Window group located on the
View menu.
3. Select the sheet you want to compare in each Workbook screen.
4. Then, select Synchronous Scrolling to navigate the two
worksheets simultaneously.
Closing a Workbook
You should close it when you are done with a workbook to release the space
it uses. Other workbooks are expected to stay available. You close Excel as
well as exit the very last open workbook.
You will exit a workbook with any of the options below:

1. Pick File ➪ Close. Click the Close button (X) in the right
corner of the title bar of the browser.
2. Hit Ctrl+F4.
3. Hit Ctrl+W.
Whether you have made some changes to the workbook since it was last
updated, Excel will inquire if you would like to restore the modifications to
the workbook before closing.
To Access a Previously Saved Workbook
You'll frequently need to open a previously saved workbook in addition to
making new workbooks. To do this follow the steps below:

1. Go to Backstage view and select Open.

2. Click Browse. You can also select OneDrive to access files

saved on your OneDrive account.
3. The dialog box "Open" will appear. Click Open after you've
found and selected your workbook.

4. Instead of searching for the file, browse your Recent Workbooks

if you've recently opened the required workbook.
To Pin a Workbook
You can pin a workbook to a Backstage view for easier access if you work
with it frequently.
Go to Backstage view and select Open. Workbooks that you've recently
edited will appear.
Place your mouse over the workbook you'd like to pin. Next to the workbook,
a pushpin icon will appear. Click the pushpin icon.

The workbook will be saved in the Recent Workbooks section. Simply click
the pushpin icon again to unpin a workbook.
Using Templates
A template is a precomposed spreadsheet that can be used to make a new
workbook easily. Custom formatting and predefined formulas are common
features of templates that can help you save time and effort when starting a
new project.
To create a new workbook from a template, follow these steps:

1. To access the Backstage view, click the File tab.

2. Click New. Below the Blank workbook option, you'll see
several templates.
3. Choose a template to review it.

4. A sample of the template will appear, along with instructions on

how to use the template.
5. To use the chosen template, click Create.
 6. The selected template will appear in a new workbook.
7. You can also use the search bar or browse templates by category
for something more specific.

Creating a Workbook from a Template

To build a template-based workbook, find a prototype that seems like it
could be doing the job and tap on the thumbnail. Excel shows a box that
includes a bigger version, the template source, and some extra material. If it
still looks nice, press the key Build. If not, tap on one of your arrows to see
information for the next (or previous) design in the list.
Clicking the Create button will allow Excel to import the prototype and then
build a new workbook focused on that design. The operation you perform
may vary according to the template. That prototype is specific, but much of it
is self-explanatory. Many workbooks include tailoring. Substitute the details
default with your own.
The following Figure shows a workbook built from a blueprint. In some
ways, this workbook requires to be personalized. Once the template is used
again, customizing it is more effective than any workbook generated from the
template.
A workbook created from a template.

Use the save command for later use of this document. Excel provides a
filename based on the prototype title, so you can choose whatever filename
you choose.
Using Default Templates
Excel provides two types of using the file: the original template for the
workbook; this type is being used as the base for new workbooks. And the
default template, which is used as a base for later use while working with
other files.
These premade files of templates include formals that can be used while
working with other files. It will help you to save time and work effortlessly.
Printing Your Work
The “quick print” provides the user with the ability to print the current file
fast and effortlessly. One way to trigger this control is to pick the Print file
(which shows the backstage view display pane) and press the Print button.
The Ctrl+P keyboard shortcut will have the same impact as the [Print] file.
Using Ctrl+P to display the backstage view, the emphasis is on the Print
button, and you can only click Enter to print.
If you like the concept of printing with one click, take a few moments to
insert a new button into your Quick Access toolbar. Click the down-pointing
arrow on the right-hand side of your Quick Access toolbar and then pick
Quick Print from the dropdown column. Excel attaches the button on Fast
Print to the Easy Access Toolbar.
Simply click the Fast Print button to print the latest worksheet, using the
same print settings on the currently selected printer. If a user changes the
print settings in the template file, then new settings will be used for printing;
otherwise, the default settings for the print will be used by MS excel.
It prints the current worksheet (or all chosen worksheets) plus any maps or
items inserted.
It prints one copy.
It prints in portrait mode
It prints the full working worksheet
It doesn’t scale the printed output
It utilizes text-size paper with borders of 0.75 inches for top and bottom and
margins of 0.70 inches from left and right margins (for the U.S. version)
It prints without headers and footers
Doesn’t it print comments attached to a cell?
It prints without cell gridlines
It prints down and then over with wider worksheets that cover several pages.
When printing a worksheet, Excel only prints the active area of your
Worksheet. In other words, it isn’t going to print all 17 billion cells—just
those with data present in them. This option will print any object that is
hidden in Excel including smart art or any other object.
Sharing and Exporting Workbooks
To share an Excel Workbook, scroll to the Review menu. Go to the Changes
group and select Share Workbook.
Visit the Editing menu and choose Allow Changes by more than a user
simultaneously.
To save the shared workbook on a network location where other users can
view and use it, go to the Save As dialog box.
Inserting worksheets
By selecting Excel Options from the Microsoft Office button, you can change
the number of sheets that appear by default. When you're working, you can
add new worksheets if required.
To insert a new worksheet:

1. Select the Insert Worksheet icon with the left click. A new sheet
will be shown. Sheet4, Sheet5, or whatever the workbook's next
consecutive sheet number will be the name.
Or

2. Instead, press Shift + F11 on your keyboard.

Deleting Worksheets
Any worksheet, including those with data, can be deleted from a workbook.
To delete one or more worksheets:

1. Select the sheet you decide to delete by clicking on it.

2. Right-click the sheet, and the menu will appear.
3. Choose Delete from the menu.

Freezing Worksheet Panes

Excel has a helpful feature that allows you to freeze or lock particular rows
or columns in your spreadsheet. It's known as "freezing panes." So, if you
freeze panes, you choose which columns or rows will stay visible at all
times, even when scrolling. When working with large spreadsheets, this is
particularly beneficial.
To freeze a row:

1. Choose the row below the one you want to freeze. For instance,
select row 3 if you want rows 1 and 2 to appear at the top even
when you scroll.

2. Click the View tab.

3. In the Window group, choose the Freeze Pane command.

4. Click Freeze Panes. Below everything that has been frozen in

place, a thin black line appears.
 5. To see the pinned rows, scroll down the worksheet.
To unfreeze a pane:

1. Select Freeze Pane from the View tab.

2. Choose the Unfreeze command.
To freeze a column:

1. Choose the column to the right of the columns you decide to

freeze. For instance, select column C if you want columns A and
B to always show on the left.
2. Click the View tab.
3. In the Window group, choose the Freeze Pane command.
4. Select Freeze Pane from the menu. To the right of the frozen
area, a thin black line appears.
5. To see the pinned columns, scroll across the worksheet.

Entering Numbers and Texts in a Worksheet

To enter numbers or texts in a worksheet, select cell. Simply, type in the
numerals or texts you want to represent in the sheet. Press the Enter bar. If
you want to type in data within a new line in a cell, press down Alt + Enter
buttons together and enter a line break.
How to Remove a Worksheet
If you want to remove a Worksheet, right-tap on the Sheet tab. From the
menu, you can click on the Delete button. Also, you can click the sheet and
from the options, tap on the Home menu.
A window pops open, select the Delete icon. Then, click the Delete sheet.
How to Handle Cells in a Worksheet
One of the ways to handle cells in a worksheet is by merging cells. In this
case, choose two or more cells you desire to merge. These cells must be
adjacent to each other.
Go to the Home menu and select the Merge and Center button. But you can
merge cells without applying the centering feature.
You can also tap the arrow beside Merge and Center. From the list, you can
select Merge Cells or Merge Across.
Methods of Renaming a Worksheet
If you want to rename a worksheet, locate the Sheet menu and double-tap on
it. Then, type the new name. Another method is to right-tap the Sheet menu.
Select the Rename icon from the menu and enter the new name.
You can also type the new name using the keyboard shortcut Alt + H > O >
R.
Undo and Redo
You can undo and redo almost all of your actions in Microsoft Excel. To
undo your recent action, just press Ctrl and Z. On the other hand, you can
redo the recent action you undid by pressing on Ctrl and Y.
You can also perform undo and redo by using the undo and redo buttons,
which you can find in the upper left corner of Microsoft Excel. One click of
the button can undo or redo one action. They can also provide you with a
history of all the actions that you can undo and redo. With that list, you can
easily perform multiple undo and redo actions.
Cut, Copy, and Paste
Three of the most basic operations that you will use often are cut, copy, and
paste. You might be already familiar with the shortcut keys for these actions.
But just to make sure, the shortcut keys for these three actions are Ctrl + X,
Ctrl + C, and Ctrl + V, respectively.
Also, you can access these functions by using the context menu, which you
can launch by pressing the right mouse button on a cell.
 CHAPTER 3:

Basic Tasks in Entering, Editing, and

Managing Data in Excel

Hiding Columns and Rows

Y ou
can hide rows and columns on a worksheet in addition to changing
rows and columns. This is a helpful strategy for improving the graphic
presentation of your worksheet with data that doesn’t need to be
displayed. The workbook containing Data on GMW Sales is used to
illustrate these capabilities. This worksheet, however, does not include
concealed rows or columns. These skills are only used for presentation
purposes here.
By hovering the mouse cursor over cell C1 in the worksheet Sheet1 and
tapping the left mouse key, you will access it.
● In the Ribbon Home tab, click the Format button.
● In the dropdown menu, hover the mouse cursor over the Hide and
Unhide options. This will reveal a dropdown menu of options.
● In your submenu of options, select Hide Columns. This will make
Column C invisible.
How to Copy Text in a Cell
You can easily copy the text in excel cells. To complete this task, double-
click inside the cell, highlight the text and right-click and then select the copy
option. Also, you can just click the cell containing the text and then press Ctrl
+ C on your computer’s keyboard to copy the text.
How to Create More Spreadsheets to Build a Workbook
If you want to create more spreadsheets that will form a workbook, take this
guide:

1. As you opened an excel blank page, take your cursor to the

button part of the spreadsheet.
2. Click the enclosed + icon at the button and a new spreadsheet is
added.

Fig 1.6: Click the + icon to add a new spreadsheet

3. Take the above steps to add as many spreadsheets as you want

that will form your workbook.

How to Name Each Spreadsheet that Makes a Workbook

By default, when new spreadsheets are added, they are given default names
as Sheet1, Sheet2, Sheet3, and so on. If you want to give the individual
spreadsheet a unique name, double-click each spreadsheet default name and
type the name you want it to bear. After that, click out.
The Quick Access Toolbar Explained
Quick Access Toolbar is located at the top right-hand side of the Excel
interface, and it contains commands that are used frequently. Using Excel 365
as an example, the commands available in the Quick Access Toolbar are
AutoSave, Save, Redo, and Undo commands.

Fig 1.7: Commands available in Quick Access Toolbar by default indicated

in the black rectangular shape
 CHAPTER 4:

Cell Navigation

Enter Data in a Cell

n this part, I'll show you how to insert information. Dates, numbers,
I formulas, and text are all examples of data in Excel.
Columns and Rows make up an Excel worksheet. A cell is a point where a
column and row meet. You may directly enter data into a cell.
Type in a Cell:

1. Choose a cell by clicking on it.

2. Enter your details.
3. To insert, click the Enter key; to remove, press the Esc key.
4. You may also insert data using the Formula Bar.

Edit a Cell
You can modify an Excel cell after you've inserted data into it, but you should
first enter the cell in Edit mode. One of three ways should be used:
Switch to the cell and then click in the Function bar,
Press the F2 key, or
Transfer to the cell and then click in the Function bar. The term Edit would
show on the Status bar to indicate that Excel is in edit mode.
The entry point is shown by a blinking vertical bar. The backspace key
removes one character at a time, which is the left side of the entry point. In
Edit mode, you can move the entry point around by using the right and left
arrow keys. Excel can enter what you insert if you click at the entry stage.
When in Edit mode, you will choose data and then type over it to remove it.
To pick info, first press where you'd like to begin your choice and then drag
it to the end. Alternatively, press where you want to begin your choice, hold
it down the Shift key, then use the arrow keys to switch to the end.
Edit a Cell Directly
What to do with the worksheet:

1. Double-click or switch to the cell you would like to change,

then type F2. Excel moves the cell to Edit mode and displays the
term Edit in the Status bar. The entry point is shown by a
blinking vertical line.
2. Switch to the place of the mistake with the arrow keys, then
remove one character at a time with the backspace key.
3. Switch to the position of the error with the arrow keys, then
enter the information you would like to enter.
4. Switch to the position of the error using the arrow keys, pick the
data you wish to replace, and then enter the new data.
5. Select the Enter key. Excel inserts the data into the cell.

Edit a Cell Using the Formula Bar

1. Choose the cell you would like to update by clicking it.

2. Choose the Formula Bar from the drop-down menu. Excel
switches the cell to Edit mode) and displays the term Edit in the
Status bar. The entry point is shown by a blinking vertical line.
3. Switch to the place of the mistake with the arrow keys, then
remove one character at a time with the backspace key.
4. Alternatively, switch to the place of the mistake with the arrow
keys, then enter the data you would like to enter.
5. Alternatively, switch to the place of the mistake using the arrow
keys, pick the data you wish to remove, and then enter the new
data.
6. To cancel a formula or enter, press the Cancel or Enter buttons
on the Formula bar. Excel either accepts or rejects the
modifications.

How do I delete data?

After selecting the cells, press the Delete key.
 1. Choose the cells you want to operate with.
2. In the Editing group, select the Clear tab. A menu would show.
3. Choose Clear Items from the dropdown menu. The contents of
the cells are removed by Excel.

Data Region Edge Navigation

If you want to precisely go to the edge of the data cluster, meaning continuous
cells that you have filled up with information, you can use the Ctrl and cursor
keys. For example, if you have a 3 x 3 table filled with data, you can go to
the bottommost cell in that table by pressing Ctrl and the down arrow button.
The same effect will happen if you perform other cursor arrows and Ctrl key
combinations.
Remember that these combinations of keys will only work on columns or
rows that are filled with continuous data. In case there is a gap between the
tables or cells, an empty cell, the cursor will only go to the edge before the
blank cell.
Multiple Cell Highlighting
If you want to select multiple cells in your worksheet, you can do that by
using the Ctrl key and the left mouse button. Just hold on to the Ctrl key and
click on the cells that you want to include in your selection.
Another method that you can do is to press Shift and F8. After you press that
combination, Excel will be in multi-select or Add to Selection mode. If you
want to confirm that you have done it correctly, you can check the status bar.
The phrase Add to Selection should be in there if you have pressed the
buttons correctly. In case you want to cancel the selection that you have made
or just get out of the Add to Selection mode, you can just press the Escape
(Esc) button.
How to Wrap Texts in a Cell
This feature helps you to prevent longer texts from overlapping into other
cells in an Excel spreadsheet. With this, you can display text on many lines
instead of one long line.
You can wrap texts in a cell automatically by visiting the Alignment section
in the Home tab. From the lists, select the Wrap Text button.
If you are using Excel for desktop, you can tap on the cell. Then press down
Alt + H + W notes. Data in the cell wraps to fit the column width. Data
wrapping can change automatically when you adjust the column width.
How to Auto Select Different Cells
You can quickly select rows, columns, cells, and even ranges including the
contents of a cell in a worksheet. Here are ways to autoselect cells:

1. Navigate to the last cell within the range you want to select.
2. Press down your shift key.
3. Tap on the cell.
4. With this function, all the cells in the range will be selected.

To Delete Content within Cells

1. Select the cells containing the content you want to remove from
the spreadsheet.
2. On the ribbon, choose the Clear command. A dialogue box will
appear.
3. Then select Clear Contents.
You can also remove content from a cell by pressing the Backspace key on
your keyboard or delete data from numerous cells by pressing the Delete key.
To Delete Cells

1. Choose the cells you want to delete.

2. From the ribbon, select the Delete command.
The difference between deleting a cell's content and deleting the cell itself is
important. When you delete a cell, the cells underneath it will automatically
shift up to take its place.
To Drag and Drop Cells

1. Choose the cells you want to move.

2. Hover the mouse over the selected cell's border until the arrow
changes to a four-arrowed pointer.

3. Drag the cells to their new location by clicking and dragging

them.
4. Release your mouse. The cells will be dropped into the
specified place.

How to Use Bold and Italics in a Cell

You can use Bold and Italics in a cell in Microsoft Excel in the following
ways:
 1. Choose the text you want to format.
2. Navigate to the Home menu and tap on the Bold or Italic icons.
Press on Ctrl + B buttons, if you want it to be bold. Also, if you
want to italicize any text, press on the Ctrl + I buttons.
3. You can tap the dialog box launcher in the Font section to view
other formatting menus.

The Fill Handle in a Cell

The fill handle is designed to enable you to auto-complete a list inside a
column or row. This is achieved by dragging it with your mouse.
When you select the cells with the contents that you want to use, you will see
the fill handle like a small square on the bottom right side of the chosen cells.
Then, press down the fill handle until all the cells you want to fill is selected.
Now, you can release the mouse to fill the chosen cells.
Underlining Commas in a Cell
If you want to underline commas or other contents in a worksheet, follow
these procedures:

1. Select the range of cells or cells to underline all numbers or

texts.
2. Double-tap on the cell to underline a segment of it.
3. Then, select the numbers or texts you want to underline.

In the Font section on the Home menu, tap the Underline.

4. If you want to use a double underline, a single accounting

underline, or a double accounting underline, tap the dialog box
launcher. This is beside the Font. From the underline box, select
the type you want to apply.

How to Add Borders to a Cell

If you want to add borders to a group of cells or a cell, select such cells. Go
to the Home menu and locate the Font section. Tap the down arrow beside
the Borders icon.
A menu pops up with a list of various types of borders. Select the border you
want to apply. This will be applied to the cells.
How to Modify the Text Alignment of Your Border in Cells
You can align texts in a cell using vertical alignment and horizontal
alignment.
Horizontal Alignment
For horizontal alignment, you have left alignment, right alignment, and center
alignment.
Vertical Alignment
For vertical alignment, you have bottom alignment, top alignment, and middle
alignment.
But if you want to modify the text alignment of your border in cells, you can
use these shortcuts:
● Press Alt + H then A + L for aligning the left side.
● Press Alt + H then A + R for aligning the right side.
● Press Alt + H then A + C for aligning the center.
● Press Alt + H then A + B for aligning the bottom.
● Press Alt + H then A + T for aligning the upper part.
● Press Alt + H then A + M for aligning the middle part.
Cell Selection Extension
If you want to select multiple cells in a row or column, you can just hold the
Shift button and then use the cursor keys to select the other cells that you want
to be included in your selection.
Cell Selection Until Data Region Edge
If you want to select all the data within a table or continuous cells in the row
or column, you can do that by pressing Shift, Ctrl, and the arrow key that
corresponds to the direction of the cells you want to add in your selection
resides.
Active Cell Navigation
If you are currently editing a cell or have an active cell and you want to
quickly move to an adjacent cell, you can use the Enter, Tab, and Shift keys.
Note that:
● Pressing Enter will let you move down from the active cell.
● Pressing Shift and Enter will let you move to the cell above.
● Pressing Tab will let you move to the right cell.
● Pressing Shift and Tab will let you move to the left cell.
Another alternative to making it easier for you to send your selection without
memorizing all the shortcut keys and combinations is to just press the F8 key.
Pressing that will make Excel go into extended selection mode. Once you are
in it, just use the navigation keys to extend your selection.
 CHAPTER 5:

Formulas and Functions

How to Make a Formula in Excel?

o make a formula in Excel we must select a cell where we want to include
T the formula and we will start by typing the equal symbol (=) that normally is
located on the keyboard where the 0 is. To include the equal symbol you
must click on the Shift key and then on the 0 as you can see in the following
image:

Once you have started your formula in Excel with the symbol =, you will select
the cell or cells with which you want to operate.
Building Basic Formulas
It is important to keep in mind that all formulas must be preceded by the = sign.
If you cannot find it, Microsoft Excel will recognize the entry as plain text.
Sum Formula in Excel
To perform the sum of data between cells A1 and A10, you can use the following
formula:
= SUM (A1: A10)
This Excel SUM function is also useful for adding quantities that are in different
ranges of cells. All you have to do is type = SUM in a cell and click directly on
the cells you want to include.
It also allows you to combine cell ranges with references from other cells and
numerical quantities. You should only use opening and closing parentheses to
specify the arguments, and these are separated by a semicolon.
The formula would be as follows: = SUM (A1, A3; C4; X), where X is a
numerical value.
Average Formula in Excel
To find the average (arithmetic mean) of the data in a range of cells; for
example, from cell A1 to A10, you can use the following formula:
= Average (A1: A10)
Maximum and Minimum Formula in Excel
The Maximum and Minimum functions allow finding the maximum and minimum
values of the elements included in a group of cells. For example
● MAXIMUM of cells between A1 and A10: = max (A1: A10)
● MINIMUM of cells between A1 and A10: = min (A1: A10)
IF Function
The IF function can be used to apply a condition to numerical data. For
example, if a manager wishes to receive a notification when the stock of a
product reaches zero, you can use this function to schedule a notification to
appear in an adjacent cell. This type of formula would look like this:
IF (A1 <= 0; "order," "in stock")
In this case, if the content of cell A1 is less than or equal to zero, the word
"sort" will appear in an adjacent cell. And if the content of cell A1 is greater
than zero, it will show "in stock."
A more general IF function would look like this:
= IF (condition; value "if true"; value "otherwise")
Excel Sum Formula
The sum formula in Excel is one of the simplest that can be. It serves to add
numbers of all kinds, either integers or decimals. To use this formula you need
to use the + symbol. For example, you can add two numbers as in the following
image.

In addition, Excel is kind enough to color the cells that you are using in different
colors so that it is much more intuitive and you can avoid mistakes visually by
getting to mark the cells used in your Excel formulas very well.
But you can not only do the sum of two numbers, you can enter the + symbol
several times in the Excel formulas so that you can add more sums (worth the
redundancy) as you can see in the following image.
Excel Subtraction Formula
As in the previous case, you can also subtract in Excel and not necessarily have
to be only two numbers, they can also be as many as you want as in the
following example showed of Excel formulas.

In addition, you can combine both the Excel formulas of addition and
subtraction and even use the parentheses to create your formulas in Excel much
more complex.
With these simple instructions, you will have no problem knowing how to use
the subtraction formula in Excel.
Excel Formulas: Multiplication and Division
On the other hand, to make multiplications and divisions you can use some
simple Excel formulas.
To make a multiplication you can use the mathematical operator whose symbol
in Excel is the asterisk (*) and for the division the slash (/).
In the following image, you can see the Excel multiplication formula and the
Excel division formula.
A practical example: Formula in Excel to calculate VAT.
For example, the formula in Excel to calculate VAT is much simpler than one
thinks and can be done with the Excel formulas that we have explained above.
Basically, to calculate VAT with Excel, what you need to know is the% of VAT
that is applied for the product or service (in Spain it is common to use 21% for
most products) and the price of the product to which we want to add VAT.
That is, the formula would be:
Price with VAT = Product price x (1 + IVA)
Suppose we have a product whose value is € 50 and that VAT is 21%. This
formula in Excel would be:

But if we had VAT saved in another cell with percentage format we would have
the following Excel formula.

Where, as you can see, we have replaced fraction 21/100 with the cell in which
the VAT percentage value is located.
Excel Formulas with Logical Operators
We can also create Excel formulas with logical operators, but what are logical
operators? The formulas in Excel with logical operators are the ones that carry
the symbols:
● Greater than (>)
● Less than (<)
● Different from (< >)
● Equal to (=)
Although all this may seem abbreviations to write faces on WhatsApp in Excel
they are not. Knowing how it works in Excel formulas is essential. These
operators help us to compare values or texts ... in short, the content of two cells.
Its result is very simple. If the statement is fulfilled, then the value TRUE will
appear in the cell and if it is not met, the Excel formula will return FALSE.
Below, in the image, you can see some examples of these logical operators and
their results.

The result of this statement is false because 10 is not greater than 20.
In addition, we can also use the combination of two logical operators in Excel
formulas. For example, we can use>= or <= as can be seen below, in the image.
In this case, the result of the Excel formula will be TRUE because 10 is the
same as 10.
Excel Math Formulas
Microsoft Excel has many formulas that you can use to make mathematical
calculations. Many of these formulas are very advanced or serve to make
trigonometric calculations such as SEN, COS, and TAN that return the sine,
cosine, or tangent of an angle. But let’s stop to explain the main mathematical
Excel formulas that are used most often in a less technical Excel.
● RANDOM: Returns a random number between 0 and 1.
● RANDOM.INTER: Returns a random number between two
previously indicated numbers. For example: = RANDOM.INTER (10;
20) will return a random value greater than or equal to 10 and less than
or equal to 20.
● PAR: Check if a number is even, if it is, it returns the TRUE value, if
not FALSE.
● IMPAR: Check if an integer is odd. It also returns TRUE or FALSE.
● SUM: Adds a range of cells without using the mathematical operator
+.
● SUM: IF: This Excel formula returns the sum of a set of cells that meet
a condition.
● SUM.IF. SET: Returns the sum of a set of cells that meet various
conditions.
 ● SUMPRODUCT: This function returns the result of multiplying two
ranges of cells equal one by one.
● MMULT: This Excel formula gives us the result of the multiplication
of one or several matrices.
Text Formulas
There are many Excel formulas that are used to work with texts and, although in
principle Excel is intended as a data processor and one can think that data is
only numbers, there are also many text data. Think of a database in which we
have Name, Surname, and Address.
The main Excel formulas for processing texts are:
● CONCATENATE: It helps us to join different texts that are in a cell
in a single cell.
● RIGHT: It helps us to obtain, from a cell with a text string, the number
of characters we want starting on the right. For example, if in a cell we
had the word "Excel formulas" and we used the right Excel formula
("Excel formulas"; 4), the result would be "ulas." That is the last 4
characters of the cell content.
● LEFT: Same as RIGHT but starting at the beginning of the cell content.
● EXTRAE: Returns a part of a text string from a cell given a beginning
and an end.
● LONG: Returns the number of characters in a cell with the spaces of
the beginning and end.
● SHIFT: This Excel formula returns a text string in uppercase letters.
● MINUSC: Same as SHIFT but in lower case.
● PROPERNUM: This Excel super formula is used to put an uppercase
letter at the beginning of each word in a text string. It is very useful
when we have first and last names and people write them with
lowercase letters.
● REPLACE: This Excel formula allows us to replace one or more
characters in a text string.
● TEXT: Given an Excel cell with a number, it allows us to convert that
number to text type with a specific text format. It is ideal for use with
dates and decimal numbers.
● VALUE: Converts a text string that represents a number and returns it
as a numeric type.
The Function Sum ()
This function can be used by typing it directly or using it from the function
wizard. To be able to use the function wizard, go to the function library and
choose Formulas from the menu. You can also type a = in a cell where you want
to apply the function, then you will get a list of functions to choose from.
The sum () function is used to add lists of numbers.
For example: suppose you have the following information in an Excel
worksheet:
A B
Maize 800
Beans 700
Rice 1200
Sugar 1600
Wheat 400

The total cost, in this case, will be =b2+b3+b4+b5+b6

However, it will be much easier to use the SUM () function.
Locate the summation symbol Σ on your worksheet. Place your cursor on the
cell below the numbers before clocking on the summation function, and your
program will know immediately that you want to sum up the totals.
Highlight the cells with the numbers, then press Enter to get the total sum at the
bottom cell.
Functions in Excel do not work with letters, therefore if there will be a letter in
a cell where a number should be, you will get #NAME? at the bottom where the
totals should appear. This can mean a lot of things:
● that you referred to the wrong cells
● that there are letters in math functions
● that you have omitted some of the arguments that are required
● that you have spelled a function name wrongly
● that you are trying an illegal math operation, for instance, dividing a
number by 0
If you want to select an argument easily in Excel whenever you are calculating,
always use your mouse. When you move your mouse or click in another cell,
Excel automatically draws a box. In order to add some arguments or to remove
some arguments from the list, you can enlarge or make smaller the box
respectively. Then you can press Enter in order to confirm the results.
There are mainly two types of operators in Microsoft Excel—math and
comparison. Below is a list of math operators and their meaning:
Math Operator Definition
+ Addition
- Negation or subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Percentage
^ Exponent
There are other operators that you might use, but they are not usually used in
mathematics operations. An example is &—concatenate, which basically means
joining strings end to end.
Here are the comparison operators:
Comparison Operator Definition
= Equals
> Greater than
< Less than
>= Greater than or equal to
<= Less than or equal to
<> Not equal to
Note: Comparison operators work with numbers and texts.
Excel Operator Order Precedence
Just like in mathematics, Excel always follows the order of precedence in its
calculations. This is basically the order in which the computer arrives at the
answer. Therefore, one has to understand the order of precedence well in order
to write a formula well. Below is a table showing the precedence of math
operators in descending order as used in Excel:
(and) In the case of parenthesis, the normal
rules of precedence are not followed.
It means that this calculation will be
done first
- Negation, in this case, is the same as
multiplying the number with -1
% The percentage will always mean
multiplying the number by 100
^ This means exponent. 5^2=25
* and / If a formula comes with multiply and
divide operators with the same
precedence, the calculation will be
done from the left
+ and - This is addition and subtraction. They
will both be treated as above
Conditional Functions
Conditional statements may be used to represent static or dynamic data based on
other data. "If," "and," "or," and "not" are examples of conditional statements in
Excel. Each of these functions represents a distinct logical expression for
displaying dependent results.
We'll use the data in the picture below in the following examples:
(Test data representing revenue from customers)
The test data reflect fictitious consumers and the income they generate. Note that
these formulas and functions do not need to be memorized. You may use the
feature lookup button to locate the method you would like to use and then get a
short overview of the parameters and syntax used for it to operate.
Text Functions
Excel 2021 has several text-related features. Sections of texts can be extracted,
string structures can be located using the FIND tool, values can be substituted,
and the length of a string can be determined. The most popular text functions
used in Excel spreadsheets are covered in this portion.
The CONCAT method joins two strings together and shows the result. You
could, for example, have a table of data from Access that you've imported into
Excel. A database usually includes a section for each person's first and last
name. You could merge these two columns into a single cell that shows the
customer's first and last name. For this, you can use the CONCAT feature.
To access a search page, press the feature icon. For example, open a
configuration window, type "concat" into the search box, and double-click the
"concat" result.

(The CONCAT function parameters)

Three input parameters can be seen in the illustration above. The middle one
has the gap between the first and last names that you need. Cell variables may
also be used, but static values demonstrate how the CONCAT feature operates.
In the chosen cell, the result indicates "James Johnson."
The LEN (duration) feature displays the text length in a cell. Duration returns an
integer value that you can use in your files for other purposes, such as
formatting, depending on the most extended term in a list.
To find the duration feature, press the function button again and enter "len." To
open the configuration panel, double-click the LEN option.

(LEN configuration window)

The text we're talking about is in the A2 cell in the picture above. Excel
displays a glimpse of the contents of the cell. In this example, the duration
returned is "5," and the value contained in that cell is "Jacob." When you click
Well, the selected cell displays the duration of the cell value in A2. You may use
the "Fill Down" option to run LEN on all rows if you choose to run LEN on the
customer's whole collection in the sales spreadsheet.
The FIND function is the final standard function. If a pattern matching a fixed
parameter value is detected, this feature returns the position of the pattern found.
The FIND method returns 0 if it cannot be identified.
We'll use the FIND feature to look for a text pattern in the A2 cell in the next
case. Since we know this cell contains the term "Jacob," we'll look for the
string "cob" in this word. Since we realize this value is at location three, you
can anticipate the value "3" to be retrieved.
Click the feature button again, and in the search text window, enter "FIND."
When you double-click the "FIND" feature in the results, a syntax window will
appear, asking for parameters.
(FIND function search parameters)
The text we're looking for in the picture above is "cob," and the cell we're
looking for is A2. Excel assumes that the user wants to start at the first letter if
you leave the "start" parameter blank. However, you can begin the quest
anywhere within the string.
An overview of the data is shown in the browser, much as it is with other
features, so you can see if your settings are correct.
Two new Excel functions have lately fascinated a lot of people; these are:
LET (now accessible to Office 365 subscribers) and
LAMBDA (Launched two weeks after LET was introduced)
Excel LET Function
The LET feature in Excel lets you give names to calculated values and identify
variables within an equation, making the formula more readable and
compelling.
The idea is; similar to that of calling cells, ranges, and formulas in the Name
Manager. The defined titles of the LET function are unique in that they only
appear within the scope of a specified formula but nowhere else.
LET has the following syntax and values:
In which:
Name1: This is mandatory and must be an alphabet.
Name_value1: This is the mandatory term and contains the value for name1.
Name2 /name_value2: It is an optional term that contains name2 and its value.
Calculation: It is the mandatory term that results in the computation of values
assigned to names.
The LET function can quickly compute up to “126” names or value sets at once.
Availability:
LET is now a beta feature open exclusively to Office Insiders. It is planned to
be available to all Microsoft 365 customers within a few months.
Basic LET formula:
If you don't understand your function already, an illustration of the LET formula
in its most basic form can help you concentrate on the fundamentals. Consider
the following basic equation: “x+y.”
We have two factors here, “x” and the “y.”
If the value of X is two and the value of Y is five, then we can multiply them
together by using this formula:
Type “=” then type “LET” without any space and finally enter “(x,2, y,5, x * y)”
Insert this given formula inside a block, and excel will provide you with ten as
a resultant value.
You may be thinking, "What was the benefit of over-complicating factors?" after
gazing at the above equation. Why not only say:
=B2*B3
A natural multiplication is, of course, more straightforward in this situation.
The aim is to make the idea clearer. The LET feature takes on a whole new
level of utility due to more complicated formulas with repetitive equations, as
seen in the following examples.
Example #2
The LET feature has several advantages, one of which is that it simplifies things
by removing duplication. E.g., in the formula below, the SEQUENCE function is
used to produce all dates from May 1, 2020, till May 15, 2020, which would
then be extracted using the FILTER function only to contain weekdays. Thus, the
formula is as follows:

The vector dates are declared in the first statement, and the resultant output
value from the SEQUENCE has been assigned to dates in the current argument:

Cells C4 and C5 have the starting and ending dates individually.

Dates will be used in the final estimation, which is dependent on the FILTER
function until they have been allocated a value:
FILTER (dates, WEEKDAY (dates, 2) <6)) // filter out weekends
Dates are used repeatedly in this example: once by the FILTER feature and then
by the WEEKDAY function. The actual dates from SEQUENCE are transferred
into the FILTER method to filter in the first case.
The dates from SEQUENCE are moved into the WEEKDAY feature in the
second case, which checks for weekdays (i.e., not your Sat or Sun).
The reasoning used to filter the initial dates is the product of WEEKDAY.
SEQUENCE will have to occur twice in the formula without the LET element,
each with the same (unnecessary) structure.
The LET function requires the SEQUENCE function to occur just once in the
formula and be initialized.
Usage notes:
By having a method to declare and allocate values to variables, the LET feature
allows it simpler to compose more complicated formulas. After naming a
number, somebody may give it a fixed value depending on a procedure. The
procedure will apply to a variable by title many times as necessary, although the
variable's meaning is only specified once.
In pairs, variables are called, and values are allocated, differentiated by a “,”
(comma) (name1 comma value1 comma name2 comma value2 comma, etc.).
Only the first name/value pair is needed. LET can be used to manage up to one
hundred and twenty-six name or value pairs. The use of the current LET
parameter and the other nested functions given as under are the domain of each
vector. The end product is a resultant calculation or previously measured
attribute. The very last parameter to the process is always the product of LET.
To render a complicated formula easy to use, the LET function is often paired
with the LAMBDA function. LAMBDA allows you to rename a procedure and
use it as a custom feature in a worksheet.
 CHAPTER 6:

Excel Pivot Tables

ou have a lot of statistics on your worksheet, but do you realize what the
Y figures mean? Is your data comprehensive enough to satisfy any of your
questions? PivotTable reports may aid in the analysis and interpretation
of numerical results.
Through PivotTable results, you can examine the same data in various ways
with some mouse clicks. Data appears, answers inquiries, and explains what
the data entails.
For PivotTable posts, you can get responses to both of these questions—it's
like converting a crowd into a concert band. A PivotTable report condenses
all of the information into small, easy-to-understand files that teach you
precisely what you need to understand.
Add a Pivot Table
Place the mouse anywhere within the data until it's ready. Then, as in the
Tables group, press PivotTable on the Insert key. The dialogue box for
creating pivot tables appears.
The option to Pick a table or range has already been chosen for you. The
distribution of the chosen Data is shown in the Table/Range box.
New Worksheet is also selected for you as the place where the report will be
placed (you can click Existing Worksheet if you don't want the report placed
in a new worksheet). Click Ok.
When you first create your pivot table, you should see two different tables.
The first is the Pivot Table. The Pivot Table will appear on the left side of
your screen. The second is the Pivot Table Field List. It will appear on the
right side of your screen.
Notice that PivotTable Tools appear on the Ribbon, including the Analyze
and Design tabs.
Creating the Pivot Table
Pivot tables can be used to get all of the data together while still allowing
you to process and sort it in various ways. Tick the beside the field name to
build a PivotTable, and right-click the field name to select a place to shift the
object to (i.e., Add to Column Labels, Add to Row Labels, Add to Report
Filter, and Add to Values).
You may also move an object from the Pivot Table Category List to one of
the fields below by clicking on each field name, keeping down the cursor,
and moving it to one of the fields below.
The most interesting thing to note regarding Pivot Tables is that they allow
you to generate relevant data without needing to pick and enter manually.
Often, keep in mind that any changes you create can be quickly undone if you
later find they aren't essential.
A PivotTable Field List disappears when you click outside the layout region
(of a PivotTable report). Click within the PivotTable layout region or report
to restore the field list.
Class as an example you'll add a few of the required fields into columns and
rows and used the Pivot Table you just created so you can start working with
the results. First, in the Rows sector, type Topic, and in the Values field, type
Ex. Teacher and Ex. Course.
Mostly on the left side of a report, the information in the Subject area is
automatically shown as rows. The data in Ex. Course and Ex. The teacher,
which does include figures, appears accurately in a right-hand field. It will
show us the number of these fields for every subject matter right away. Click
the downward arrow in front of each value in the fields array, Values >
>Value Field Settings >> Average, or right-clicking on the column title inside
the PivotTable to adjust this to average. It's worth noting that you have many
choices to choose from.
Click PivotTable Analyze Behavior >> Actions party >> Clear >> Clear
Everything on the Ribbon to restart the report and delete all the fields so you
can start again.
Insert Slicer
A slicer is like inserting a Report Filter, as you did above, but it allows you
to display the modifications to the Chart in a more immersive manner. You'll
use the Word as a slicer for the sake of keeping the class illustration.
Just go to the PivotTable Analyze tab >>Filter >> Insert Slicer to do this. The
fields you use on the PivotTable Field Chart would be mentioned in a list.
Click Well after selecting the object you want to transform into a slicer. Add
Term for class purposes.
The slicer would then show FA18, SP19, and SU18 on the Chart, which is at
the upper part of the window for you to see. Click on a word to pick it, and
the results would be sorted to the left. Keep down the CTRL key when
clicking the countries you want to add to your list to pick several items.
This feature, like most others in Microsoft Office, can be formatted in a
variety of ways. The Slicer tool button appears when you attach a slicer,
offering you a few formatting choices. By dragging after selection on the
box's corners, you will resize the slicer. To change the slicer color, you have
to go to the Options tab and press the More button within the Slicer Styles
tab (dropdown arrow) to find all of the formatting choices for the slicer.

Label Filter
You will filter the report using various filters to meet specific requirements.
Right-click column A (row labels), point to Filter and then choose Label
Filters. A dialogue box called Label Filter will appear. For the in-class
illustration, choose begins with and type "a" before clicking Ok.
The filtered collection now restricts the data in the report. Click within the
filter cell, point to Filter, and select Clear Filter from Subject. Place the
mouse over the filter next to the Request date field within the PivotTable
Field List to clear the filters. Clear the filter of Order date by clicking the
arrow that appears.
Changing the Report's Perspective
● Method of Dropping and Dragging: Mostly on the right-hand side
of the window, go to PivotTable Field List and choose the field you
want to pass. Drag the field into the target field below when holding
down the mouse button (i.e., Values, Report Filter, Row Labels, or
Column Labels).
● Right-click and drag: Go to the left-hand side of the window and
click on the field you want to pass. Switch Add to Column Tags by
right-clicking and selecting Move.
● Right-click in the PivotTable Category List: In the PivotTable
Category List, go to the right corner of the window. Right-click the
field you want to pass and choose Values, Report Filter, Row
Labels, or Column Labels from the dropdown menu.
Changing the Pivot Table's Format
A report's style can be changed easily. Anywhere in the book is a good place
to start clicking. Select the Design button under PivotTable Tools on the
Ribbon at the top of the screen. Click the More button in the PivotTable
Styles group to show all of the styles. Each style is seen in a temporary
overview in the report as you pass the pointer over it. To see all of the
current models, scroll down. If you find one you want, press it to apply it to
your pivot table.

To test the choices, choose the Banded Rows and Banded Columns
checkboxes. To remove banded rows or columns, remove the checkbox after
selecting them.
The Row Headers and Column Headers checkboxes in the PivotTable Style
Options group can also be used to switch off and on row and column header
formatting. Press the dropdown arrow within the Style group and choose how
you'd like the pivot table to look to attach blank rows or adjust the layout.
Changes to the pivot table layout may be made under the Design tab, but they
would have little effect on the data.
Creating a Pivot Table Chart
Go to the PivotTable Analyze section and choose Pivot Chart from the Tools
community to generate a chart from the pivot table. Choose the Chart you
want to make in the Insert Chart dialogue box, then press Ok. The Pivot Chart
tab will appear after you've built a chart from the pivot table results, and
you'll be able to format it. Click the More button in the Chart Styles group on
the Design tab to display all the options, then click the type you like. The
benefit of making a chart from the Pivot Table is that it is interactive,
allowing you to filter data from inside the panel. You have the choice of
sorting the Word and Subject in the class illustration.
Formatting a Pivot Table Chart
Using Add Chart Component feature under the Design tab, you can add
names, axes, and gridlines to the Chart. Go to the Chart Layouts tab and then
to the Attach Chart Element tab to attach a Chart Title. The choice to add a
chart title is available here. There are various choices for formatting the
PivotTable Chart under the Format tab.
Adjust the color and type of the text in the Pivot Table Chart by going to the
Format tab and selecting WordArt Styles. You may even apply outlines to the
content in the Chart by going to the Format tab and selecting WordArt Styles.
Inserting a slicer into a Pivot Table map is also an alternative. Select the
Analyze button from the Pivot Chart tab. Pick Insert Slicer from the Insert
Slicer icon. Click Well after selecting the data type you want to use as a
slicer.
How to Filter a Pivot Table in Excel
Pivot tables are a terrific method to organize and analyze data in Microsoft
Excel, and the more you may know about them, the more you will get away
with them. Filtering pivot table, for example, is a wonderful method to
concentrate on certain data, and you'll frequently find this functionality
included in dashboards. But Fortunately, a filtering pivot table is simple.
Before we can begin filtering, we will need a pivot table, so we'll create a
pivot table that is shown in Figure A using the data from the same sheet. In
order to do this, go to any point inside the data set and do the following
steps:
Select PivotTable from the Tables group on the Insert tab.
Click Existing Worksheet options in the resulting dialog to display the data
and PivotTable at the same time, and then enter the F1 (in Figure B) just as
location.
When you click Ok, Excel will show you a PivotTable frame as well as a
field list.
Build pivot table in Figure A using Figure C as a reference.
Figure A
Figure B
Figure C
This simpler pivot table shows the daily amount for each individual,
aggregating amounts that fall on the same day. Excel automatically inserts
date components, like a quarter, month, and year, since there is a date. I've
kept month as the default. The order of the data in data collection is
unimportant. The PivotTable is a nice report in itself. However, you may
want to concentrate on certain data.
How to Use an AutoFilter in Excel
You may start filtering right immediately once you've built a pivot table by
utilizing what is already there. The AutoFilter in Row Label cell is
comparable to the filter you'd use in regular data collection. When you click
it, you'll be presented with a number of choices, most of which you're
already acquainted with. A variety of filters that are built-in are available,
including Does Not Contain, Contains, Equals, and so on.

By clicking the [-] button to the left of Luke and Martha's names, you may
also collapse their territories. The only difference is; they will still be able
to see their names and total sums. You're merely erasing their information.
You could also perform a search of the filter by providing a complete or
partial value in the Row Labels field. For example, let's utilize this
functionality to see all the people whose names begin with the letter a:
 1. If required, fully extend the pivot table.
2. Enter the letter A in the search box.
3. Press the Ok button.

It's difficult to conceive doing such a search in this basic and artificial case.
However, once you're working with a large amount of data and a variety of
search items, you will be grateful this functionality exists. Also, the filter
item at the bottom of the window will adapt for you automatically. It's also
worth noting that this period of filtering has no effect on the structure of the
pivot table. It will not be the case in the next section.
So these searches are useful for a fast check, but they're not very user-
friendly. Even if the others are working with pivot tables, you will want to
include more intuitive filters.
Refreshing Excel Pivot Table Objects
Pivot Table object is only as great as the data they are based on, which might
change often. If pivot tables are parts of the dashboard, adjustments at the
source level may not be reflected. Refreshing the pivot tables may be
critical, depending on the data they include.
How to refresh:
 1. Refresh when opening the workbook
The users may forget to reload after making changes to underlying data.
Furthermore, you'll require current values if pivot tables are connected to an
external source. The easiest technique to ensure that users receive the most
current data is to require. When opening the file in Excel; the pivot tables
will be updated.
Choose the PivotTable Option from the submenu that appears when you
right-click any pivot table.
Click the Data tab in the resulting window.
Check the option to Refresh data when opening the file (Figure A).
To confirm the modification, click Ok.
Figure A
If you check this box, the chosen PivotTable (or all the pivot tables with the
same data sources) will be updated. Set the options for all pivot tables that
have different data sources if you have more than one.

2. Refresh at intervals
You may need to update the PivotTable often depending upon how important
the data is or if it is a part of the dashboard, which is inconvenient. Excel
may update pivot tables at regular intervals to guarantee that visitors see the
most up-to-date information. When you construct a pivot table, you must save
it to the data model as follows:
Within the data set, press anywhere.
Select PivotTable from the Tables group on the Insert tab.
Check the option to add the data to Data Model in the subsequent dialog
(Figure B).
Any other options should be changed.
Click the Ok button. (It might take minutes to add data to the data model.)
Figure B
Arrange pivot table just as you typically would at this stage. When you're
finished, configure the interval like this:
Within the pivot table, press anywhere.
Select Connection Property from the Change Data Sources menu on the
contextual Analyze tab (in Data group).
Check Refresh all options in the Refresh control sections of the resultant
dialog. Enter a minute interval to the right (Figure C).
Press the Ok button.
Figure C
This option is very useful when working with dashboards and other data
sources.

3. Preserve cell formatting

It's inconvenient to apply straight formatting to a completed pivot table just to
have it vanish when the pivot table is refreshed. To emphasize a particularly
noteworthy value, you may bold a few headers or use a fill color. Why waste
time if Excel is going to get rid of it? Fortunately, you can instruct Excel to
ignore your direct formatting by using the following command:
Choose PivotTable Options from the submenu that appears when you right-
click the pivot table.
Select the Layout and Format option from the dropdown menu.
Check Preserve cell formatting on update at the bottom of the choices (Figure
D).
Click the Ok button.
Figure D

It's a simple method to save yourself a lot of time and aggravation.

How to Combine Excel VLOOKUP() and PivotTable for Simple
Solutions
Many problems call for more than just a basic filter or function. If your
organization pays stipends for traveling, for example, you'll almost certainly
add a similar amount for each employee on trip days. Now, what if your firm
provides a separate stipend for every worksite location, and an employee
may receive many stipends in one day? So the answer isn't as complex as it
seems, but it is more sophisticated than just adding a certain amount on the
travel days using an IF() phrase.
Employees that work at various off-site sites in a single day will be
accommodated by the framework. For every location record, the
VLOOKUP() procedure will return the right stipend. The data validation
controls will limit input to certain sites, preventing invalid sites and typos.
Finally, the PivotTable will provide a stipend total earned by employee and
date for each employee.
Figure A shows a basic sheet with 2 Table objects. One on the left keeps
track of how many hours an employee spends at various work locations.
Each site's daily stipend is shown in the table to the right. You could
remember the quantities and keep track of them in the hourly record, although
that's a recipe for disaster: You may input the incorrect amount, and each time
you manually input data, you risk making a mistake. You can assure the
veracity of data by establishing a steady list. However, how do they compare
and contrast them? The most straightforward solution is to utilize the
VLOOKUP() function.

Figure A: To get a stipend for the hourly record, use the VLOOKUP()
method.
Before we go any further, there are some things to keep in mind:
● In a single day, each employee may visit 1 or more work locations.
As a result, we'll need to combine those sums into a single everyday
stipend total.
● An employee may work from home for some hours or a full day,
with no stipend.
● The importance of data input cannot be overstated. To prevent
issues, location values in the hourly list should match the location
values in the stipend list.
Referring to the list on the left as hourly list and the list on the right as
stipend list throughout the post. We're using Table objects to make it easy to
change the Stipend Lists without having to update the references. To make a
Table object out of a conventional data range, perform the following:

1. Within the data range, press anywhere.

2. Select Table from the Tables category on the Insert tab.
 3. Indicate if there are any headers in the data (demonstration data
must do).
4. Click the Ok button.
You do not have to utilize Table objects if you're dealing with your own data.
Combo Solution
An effective solution, as is frequently the case, needed a mix of efforts. The
VLOOKUP() method was utilized to add crucial information to a tracking list
in this scenario. We also included a stipend amount for each site where we
worked. Then, in two separate methods, we utilized a Pivot Table to add the
stipend rates.
How to use built-in choices to show only top rows inside an Excel Pivot
Table.
For PivotTables, Microsoft Excel offers a built-in filter that allows you to
see the top (or the bottom) records. In this tutorial, you'll learn how to build a
basic Pivot Table and then utilize a built-in filter to show just the top ten
entries from the data source. And Then, we'll talk about some issues with the
findings and potential remedies.
 CHAPTER 7:

Excel Charts

harts are essential in any business and for personal use. It's utilized for
C comparison and analysis. Many businesses use graphs to display their
annual results. Charts are useful tools that can also be used in the
classroom.
A chart is a graphical depiction of data that uses symbols, slices, structures,
or bubbles to represent the data. In this chapter, I'll go through some of the
different types of charts that can be plotted in an Excel spreadsheet.
Histogram Chart and Plotting
A Histogram is among the major chart types I learned in my secondary school
days. The chart plotting is fun, but you can mess up your answer if you fail to
group your data properly. Histogram chart is a core part of Statistics. In this
kind of chart, you are to choose intervals of numbers and plot your graph
with the groups. In a histogram, categories are ranges of numbers.
A histogram is a sort of chart that divides numbers into categories.
The steps for making a histogram are as follows:

1. Prepare your data in an Excel spreadsheet.

 2. Draw attention to the data that has been prepared.
3. Select the Insert tab.
4. Click the See All Charts icon in the Chart group.
5. Choose Histogram from the dropdown menu.
6. You can choose any chart style you wish.
7. Click the Ok button.

How to Make a Map Diagram

You can easily display different countries or regions in a chart in the form of
a map with a Map Chart. For example, if I am a businessperson who sells
products in several nations throughout Europe and North America, I can use
the Map Chart to depict my sales. The map chart tool was only accessible in
Excel 365 at the time of publication of this book.
How to Represent Data in a Map Chart: A Step-by-Step Guide
Follow these procedures to portray information in a map chart:

1. Use an Excel spreadsheet to organize your information.

 2. Highlight the data that has been prepared.
3. Excel's Insert tab is selected.
4. Under the Charts group, select Maps.
5. Click the image that appears, which looks like a map.
The map graphic will be put into your Excel spreadsheet as soon as you
complete the preceding step.
After you've inserted the chart, if the system asks if you want Bing to save the
map chart and information, simply click the Accept option.
You can drag the chart from the top image to whatever portion of the
spreadsheet you wish. You can also give the map chart any unique title by
clicking the Chart Title portion of the chart. I can give it the label Sales in
North America and Europe based on my own statistics.
Scatter Chart
Scatter Chart Potting Instructions

1. Follow these instructions to make a scatter chart in an Excel

spreadsheet:
2. In the Excel file where you wish to plot the scatter chart,
properly compose/prepare your data.
3. Highlight the data that has been prepared.
4. Navigate to the Insert tab.
5. Locate the Scatter chart tool by moving your mouse to the chart
portion.
6. The Scatter chart can be found by clicking here.
7. The scatter chart is immediately put in your spreadsheet after
you complete this last step.
Take a look at the one I made with my prepared data:
The blue-colored dots represent the number of females, while the orange-
colored dots represent the number of men.
Radar Chart
A radar chart is a graphical representation of multivariate data in the form of
a two-dimensional graph. The graph begins with a single point. In addition,
the variables or, to put it another way, the values are represented by two
different colors.
If I have data that includes both males and females, for example, when the
numbers are depicted on a radar chart, the males' numbers are represented
with a different hue than the females' numbers.
The spider, web, or star chart is another name for a radar chart. The use of a
radar chart in quality control to highlight the performance parameters of any
ongoing program is common. Another use for this type of graph is in sports.
It's utilized to track each team's players' strengths and weaknesses.
Creating a Radar Chart in Excel: A Step-by-Step Guide
Take the following steps to build a radar graphic quickly:
1. Use an Excel spreadsheet to organize your information.
2. Click Insert tab.
3. In the radar chart, highlight the data you want to represent.
4. Locate the radar chart command on the Insert tab of Excel and
click it to insert it into your spreadsheet.
5. Select Radar from the collection of charts accessible there. The
radar graphic will be added to the spreadsheet as soon as you
click Radar, as shown in the image below:

6. To give the radar chart a title, click the Chart Title button.
Waterfall Diagram
A waterfall chart is a type of data visualization that shows the cumulative
effect of successively introduced positive or negative numbers. This chart is
also known as a flying bricks chart, a Mario chart, or a bridge chart. It's a
term used in the business world to describe when a company makes a profit
or loses money.
Employers in some companies also use it to explain when their wages have
increased or decreased. It will be good if earnings increase, but it will be
negative if earnings decline. Individuals that get royalties from many
companies also use the waterfall chart to illustrate their monthly revenues. If
they make more money than the previous month, it becomes positive; if they
make less money the following month, you input the data with a negative sign
to indicate a decrease in royalty.
The total values are represented in the first and last columns of a waterfall
chart. Before I forget, a column chart is a waterfall chart. This means that the
numbers shown in this type of chart are in the Excel spreadsheet's columns.
How to Draw a Waterfall Chart: A Step-by-Step Guide
To make a waterfall chart, follow these steps: Use an Excel spreadsheet to
organize your information.
The first step is to get your data ready.
To demonstrate, I will use my own data. It contains information on sales
made over the course of several months. A few months show a decrease in
revenue, as shown by the (-) symbol in front of the number. The negative sign
implies a drop in sales revenue from the previous month. The data that was
prepared for the table is as follows:
APRIL, JULY, and OCTOBER have a minus sign in front of them in the
provided statistics, indicating a decrease in sales revenues for those months.
By default, those numbers appear in orange or red when plotted in a
waterfall chart. The values are distinguished from other positive values by a
different color.
In the waterfall chart, highlight all of the data you want to represent.
Navigate to the Insert tab.
Locate the waterfall chart in the Insert tab's chart section and click it.
The values will appear in the waterfall chart as soon as you complete the
previous step. Regarding my prepared data, see the following: To give your
waterfall chart a title, click the Chart Title button. You'll notice a plus-like
design on the right-hand side of the chart and a brush-like design when you
click it once it's been put. You will be shown some designs when you click
the plus-like design known as Chart Styles. You can insert any of them into
your chart by clicking on them.
Column Chart
As the name implies, a column chart is used to represent information in
columns arrangement. In this type of chart, each category is represented by a
rectangle, with the height of the rectangle being proportional to the values
being plotted. It is used to show how things change over time. Column chat is
also referred to as a vertical bar chart.
How to Plot Column Chart in Excel
In most excel applications, you can select the chart type you want to plot via
the Insert tab. It is when you click the Insert tab that you are shown some
groups of commands. In the chart group, click the See All Charts icon. You
can make your choice of a chart from there.
How to Create Pie Chart in Excel
Creating a pie chart in excel is easy. To carry out that task, these are the
things you need to do:

1. In the spreadsheet, prepare the data you want to represent in the

pie. An example is the one I prepared showing the rough
estimate of major ingredients used in making soup in
percentage.
2. Select the prepared data that you want to represent in a pie
chart.
3. Click the Insert tab of excel and select the See All Charts icon.
4. Click the All Charts heading in the dialog box.
5. Select Pie from the list of charts and select any chart style of
your choice.
6. Click the Ok button for the chart to be inserted into your
spreadsheet.
 7. You can click the Chart Title part to add the title to the inserted
chart.

Line Charts
Line graphs, which are also known as line charts, show how numbers have
changed over time. This kind of chart is used when you have data that are
connected, and to show trends, for example, average patients’ temperature in
days of a week. In line charts, the lines can go up, down, and up again.
In the above picture, the information contained is the weather temperatures of
different days in a location. If you are asked to represent the data in line
charts, these are the steps you are to take:

1. Select the data as shown in the picture below:

2. Click the Insert tab and select the See All Charts icon.
3. See All Charts icon shown by the arrow at the bottom left.
4. Click the All Charts heading in the dialog box.
5. Select Line from the list of charts and select any chart style of
your choice.
6. Click the Ok button for the chart to be inserted into your
spreadsheet.
 CHAPTER 8:

Common Tools Used in Excel

xcel includes a plethora of features to make the modifying process as

E simple as possible. Learning and using Excel's features can save you a lot
of time when it comes to data preparation.
Sorting Data
In MS Excel, sorting data rearranges the rows depending on the contents of a
certain column. Sorting a table to place names in alphabetical order is a good
idea. Alternatively, you might arrange data by amount from smallest to
greatest or from biggest to smallest.
Here's an example of a table with carelessly organized records. The states
aren't in alphabetical order, and the months aren't in chronological order.
Let's start by sorting the data by state alphabetically. The steps for sorting a
table are outlined below. Choose the table, then select Sort and Filter from
the Home menu. A sorting dialogue box appears.
This dialogue box enables you to add more than one level of sorting to the
usual one. In the Sort by box, choose State and A to Z in the Order box. The
final product may be seen below.
In the sorting dialogue box, you may add an additional level of sorting. This
would be beneficial for sorting tables such as those used in national
population censuses. You may choose to arrange by state first (from Abia to
Zamfara) and then by Local Government Areas. As a result, you'll have a
configuration similar to the one shown below. The next step is to arrange the
months in the natural sequence that we are used to—January to December.
This will need a form of sorting known as "Left to Right," as opposed to the
"Top to Bottom" sorting we just completed.
Filtering Data
Filtering Filter is one of the most often used tools among Excel power users.
It lets you pick what parts of a table you wish to see and conceal the rest.
It's really simple to use and can be accessed from three distinct Excel
locations. Filter may be accessed by right-clicking and choosing Filter.
Select Sort and Filter from the Home menu on the right. From the Data
dropdown menu. You'll notice a dropdown box beside the table headings
after you've switched on the Filter tool by clicking on it. By selecting the
dropdown box, you may see all of the unique items in that area and choose
which ones you wish to see (hiding the rest). All things are chosen by default,
so you'll have to deselect the ones you don't want to view. Except for the
BBQ Chicken, all of the pizza toppings were left unselected in the screenshot
below (meaning only BBQ Chicken was selected). The blue row numbers
are Excel's method of graphically indicating that certain rows have been
buried since they do not include the things we wish to look at.

Filtering is as simple as that.

Data Cleaning
A lot of the time, the data you're given to work within Excel isn't in a format
you can work with and has to be cleaned up before you can proceed with the
study you planned. Most of the time, you'll have to manually clean the data
and correct any faults it has one by one before moving on to the original study
you planned to run on it. Fortunately, Excel offers a number of useful features
that may assist you in automating portions of the data cleansing process.
Removing duplicates and Text to Columns are two of the most prevalent.
Then we'll go through a unique tool that may assist you in quickly
categorizing your data: Substantial. Finally, we'll look at Data Validation, a
clever technique for eliminating data input mistakes in Excel spreadsheets.
Getting Rid of Duplicates
You may sometimes have a table where you wish to eliminate duplicate
entries. If it were a sales transaction table, the duplicate sales entries could
be removed. It's a table of things (Pizzas) in the example below, and we want
to delete the duplicate entries so that only unique elements remain. As seen
above, you select all of the records first, then go to the Data menu and choose
to Remove Duplicates. A confirmation dialogue box will appear. Click the
Ok button. The number of duplicate values identified and the number of
unique values identified will be shown as a result. Remove Duplicates
basically leaves one record for each item and deletes all the additional
records it finds for that item.
When you pick a table with multiple field entries, the Remove Duplicates
command removes only entries that have the same value in all fields as a
previous item, unless you specify specific fields to exclude from the
duplicate search.
We removed Car Sales from the fields to include in the duplicates search in
the screenshot below. As a result, all rows except one will be eliminated if
they contain identical entries in all other fields.
Columns to Text
There can be occasions when you have data that you would rather be divided
over numerous columns than crammed into one. This often occurs when you
transfer data into Excel from an external source or open data produced from
other company applications such as CRMs and ERPs. If there is a
distinguishable character dividing each field or they have predetermined
lengths per field, Excel's Text to Columns tool is the magic tool for dividing
such data inputs into many columns. A basic example of separating a whole
name into first and last name fields in one column is shown below. The
delimited option specifies that each field is separated by a recognized
character. Every initial name and surname are separated by a space in this
example. When you pick the suitable delimiter, Excel displays a line between
the first and last names (space, in this case). After that, click Next and
Finish.
Subtotal is a well-kept Excel trick for quickly analyzing a table. It
categorizes the data and groups it into groups that offer you varying degrees
of information. It's also quite simple to operate. We'll utilize it in the example
below.

It's a market research data table that displays the various automobile brands
offered at three distinct auto dealerships. We can do some interesting
analysis by applying a subtotal to this. Choose the table, then select Subtotal
from the Data menu. Tick all the fields that contain numeric values (excluding
those that you don't want to see a numeric analysis of) in the "Add subtotal
to" portion of the dialogue box that appears.
Now that you’ve been taught illustrated data cleaning, here are a few tips for
you to keep your excel work surface clean in general. Misspelled words,
persistent trailing spaces, unnecessary prefixes, inappropriate cases, and
nonprinting characters all contribute to a poor initial impression. That isn't
even an exhaustive list of the ways your data might be tainted. Bring your
sleeves up to your elbows. It's time to do some serious spring cleaning on
your Microsoft Excel spreadsheets.
You don't always have control over the format and kind of data you import
from a database, text file, or Web page. It's common to have to clean up data
before you can examine it. Fortunately, Excel provides a number of functions
that might assist you in obtaining data in the format you want. Sometimes the
work is simple, and you can rely on a single function to do it for you. Spell
Checker, for example, can quickly clear up misspelled words in columns
with comments or descriptions. Alternatively, you may use the Eliminate
Duplicates dialogue box to swiftly remove duplicate rows.
In other instances, you may need to change one or more columns by
converting the imported data into new values using a formula. For example,
if you want to eliminate trailing spaces from your data, you may use a
formula to create a new column, fill it with data, convert the formula in the
new column to values, and then delete the old column. The following are the
fundamental procedures for cleaning data:

1. Import data from a third-party database.

2. In a separate worksheet, make a backup copy of the original
data.
3. Make that the data is in a tabular format, with comparable data
in each column, all columns and rows visible, and no blank
rows in the range. Use an Excel table for the best results.
4. Do things like spell-checking or utilizing the Find and Replace
dialogue box first if you don't need to manipulate columns.
After that, work on activities that need you to manipulate columns. The
following are the general procedures for altering a column:

1. Add a new column (B) adjacent to the one that has to be cleaned
(A).
2. Add a formula at the top of the new column that will alter the
data (B).
3. In the new column, fill in the formula (B). A calculated column
is automatically formed with data filled down in an Excel table.
4. Select the new column (B), copy it, then paste it into the new
column as values (B).
5. Remove the first column (A), which changes the new column's
name to A.
Consider recording a macro or developing code to automate the process of
cleaning the same data source on a regular basis. If you don't have the time or
resources to automate the process yourself, there are a variety of external
add-ins built by third-party companies, which are included in the Third-party
suppliers section.
Data Validation Functioning
Data validation is a spreadsheet feature that can provide you with the ability
to create a list of specific entries that will then restrict what values you can
place in each cell. You can also create a message elaborating on what types
of data will be allowed in the cells, add warning when the wrong type of
data is put into the cells, and check for cells filled with the wrong
information through the use of the Audit function. Finally, you can set a range
of specific values to be placed in any cell or determine this range based on
the results of a different cell.
Use the Audit toolbar to find improper entries.
After you have set limits as to what data can be applied to which cells, this
technique will allow you to double-check that all of the information has been
entered using acceptable values. Incorrect cells will be circled for easy
identification.
Select the menu labeled Tools before choosing the option labeled Customize.
Chose the option labeled Toolbars from the resulting dialog window before
ensuring the box labeled Auditing is already selected and closing the
window.
Select the toolbar labeled Auditing before choosing the option related to
circling data that is invalid.
Fixing the errors will remove the circle.
Validate a cell based on the contents of another cell.
Cells can also be set to only allow certain values based on their relationship
to other cells.
Select the menu labeled Data before selecting the option labeled Validation
and choosing the tab labeled Settings.
Choose the list labeled Allow and the option labeled Customize.
Select the formula box and add the following to it: =IF(cell1>cell2, TRUE,
FALSE) where cell1 and cell2 are the cells you wish to relate to one another.
This formula can be used with any function, not just IF, it must always contain
the equal sign as well as the true and false evaluation.
Select Ok to save your function.
Employee records are included in the table below. We want individuals to be
forced to input just the departments listed on the left side of the table. In fact,
we want them to be able to quickly access a pre-populated dropdown list
and choose a department from the possibilities. Choose the cells to which
this feature should be applied, then go to the Data menu and select Data.
 CHAPTER 9:

Getting Help in Excel

o access help in Excel, click on the Help command button on the Help tab
T on the Ribbon. This will display the Help pane on the right side of the
screen. You can use this pane to search for the topic you want help on.
A quick way to access help is to press the F1 key on your keyboard (while
Excel is the active window). This will display the Help pane on the right
side of the screen.

Microsoft Search Another way to get help in Excel is to use the Microsoft
Search box on the Ribbon, above the tabs. Click the Microsoft Search box, or
press ALT+Q to activate the search box.
Before you type anything, the search box will display a dropdown list of
recently used actions and other suggestions based on what you appear to be
doing. If any of the suggestions point to what you’re seeking help for, select it
from the list. Otherwise, you can enter words or phrases regarding actions
you want to perform or a topic for which you want further information.
Depending on the topic or how direct your question is, Excel will either list
the steps needed to complete the task, take you to the appropriate dialog box,
or display information related to the topic in the Help pane.
 CHAPTER 10:

How Data can be Entered in a Workbook?

ntering data in a workbook is a simple task to do. But as a beginner, it is

E my duty to teach you how that can be done. If you have not used excel
before, that means this part is for you but if you know how data can be
enter in your workbook then no need of reading this subheading. Inputting
data in your workbook can be done in this way:
1. Select the cell which you want to input text into.
2. On your keyboard, type any text you wish to have there.
3. When you are done typing the text you want, click outside of the cell or
click on another cell.
Comment in Excel
A comment in excel is a tool used to add words in the form of comment to
excel spreadsheet. The comment tool is located at New Comment Command
button on the Ribbon's tab (Alt+RC) or the comment button on the Insert tab
(Alt+NC2) or press Shift+F2.

Fig 3.4: The comment tool of excel in Insert tab

When you click the Comment tool, a comment text box will appear. This text
box does contain name of the user as it appears in the user name text box on
the general tab in the excel options dialog box (Alt+FT) and the insertion box
is located at the beginning of a new line below the user name. Type in the text
you want to have in it and click out.
This comment tool is used when you want to send someone some file, it is a
word attached to the file telling the person what to do with already sent file
through you. The comment is used when you want to drop some details about
a file.
To change the column width
Column C is too limited in our example below to represent all the content in
these cells. By adjusting the width of column C, we can make all of this
content apparent.
Move the mouse along the column line in the column heading until the cursor
transforms into a double arrow.

To change the column width, click and drag the mouse.

Release the mouse. The width of the column will be modified.
To modify all columns or rows
Rather than resizing columns and rows one at a time, you can adjust the
height and width of all columns and rows at once. This method helps you
make each row and column in your worksheet the same size.
To select all cells in the worksheet, locate and click the Select All button just
below the name box.
Set the mouse along a row line, until the cursor is a double arrow.
Increase or decrease the row height by clicking and dragging the mouse, then
releasing the mouse when you're done. The row height for the entire
worksheet will be modified.
 CHAPTER 11:

TIPS AND TRICKS

Look at the top ten suggestions below for individuals in need of a fast dose of
Excel knowledge.
Conditional Formatting

It's difficult but necessary to make sense of the data-rich, loud environment.
When used correctly, Conditional Formatting may bring forth patterns of
cosmos that your spreadsheet has collected. This is why both Excel
professionals and users rank this as the most significant feature. This has the
potential to be complex. However, even little color changes may be really
effective. Assume that your sales crew sells a certain amount of product each
month. With only three clicks, you can find out who the top 10 % of
salespeople are and start a crucial business discussion.
Paste Special

One of the most popular Excel tasks is grabbing (or copying) Pasting data
from 1 cell into another. However, there is a lot that you may copy (value,
formatting, comments, formula, and so on), and you won't always copy
everything. The most typical scenario is when you wish to get rid of the
formatting. This information will be saved in a spreadsheet of your own with
the formatting of your own. Placing formatting from another source is
inconvenient and unattractive. So just duplicate the values & you'll receive
nothing but text, number, or whatever value is. Alt E S V is after duplicating
the cell, the shortcut (Ctrl C) - it's simpler than it seems. Transpose is the
other significant one. This changes the order of rows & columns in a matter
of seconds. Alt E + S + E is a keyboard shortcut.
Multiple Rows can be added

Probably the most often performed spreadsheet operations. The shortcut is

Ctrl Shift +, although It takes more time than simply right-clicking mostly on
the Excel row number display's left side. As a result, we propose Right
Click. If you wish to combine several, choose the number of columns or rows
you wish to add, so Right Click & Add it.
Absolute References

Unavoidable! F4 toggles between the four potential combinations, with the

dollar sign ahead of the letter fixing the column and the dollar sign ahead of
the number fixing the row. Use the following activity to put it to the test. In
cells C1, B1, D1 (Granola, Olives, Tomatoes), type three foods horizontally
and three colors in cells B2, A2, C2 (Blue, Green, Yellow). Now enter
'=A2&" "&B1' in column B2. Congratulations on your achievement: Olives
in their natural state! Add dollar signs now - and this is the exercise - so
when you duplicate the calculation over, you get everything green. Or just the
Granola, but in a variety of colors. Try new things!
Print Optimisation

Excel printing is a pain for everyone. Consider what would happen if

everything you have written was exactly what you planned. It CAN be done.
Print preview, fit to one page, altering margins, print options, printing
headers, portrait versus landscape, and spreadsheet design are all things to
consider. Spend the time to get acquainted with it. This is a job that you will
do many times during your career.
Extend Formula Across/Down

Excel's scalability is one of its most appealing features. Excel will churn out
the correct calculation a million times if you get the formula correctly the
first time. The + crosshair is quite useful. If you have continuous data,
double-clicking it will take it all the way down. You may find that copying
and pasting (either standard paste or paste formulae) is quicker.
Flash Fill

Let's say you have two columns of names and need to generate email
addresses from all of them. Simply do that for the first row, and Excel will
figure out what you're talking about and complete the rest for you. This is a
lot quicker now, and it WILL impress people. If Flash Fill is enabled (File
Options Advanced), it should begin functioning as soon as you start typing.
Alternatively, you may start it manually by selecting Data > Flash Fill or
pressing Ctrl E.
COMMON PROBLEMS IN EXCEL AND ITS SOLUTIONS
Spreadsheets are perhaps the most used software in the office. More than
problems, they are habits that make use difficult because, in the end, a
spreadsheet (like any software) serves to make decisions. When the
spreadsheet is better designed, the easier it will be to work and use it. These
are typical problems:
Merged Cells
Several cells that become one, usually for aesthetic reasons (so that it looks
good) and difficulty deleting rows or columns or changing design in the table.
It is best not to merge them and improve the design in another way (e.g.,
removing and putting edges).
How to overcome it?
By following the steps below, you can find all the merged cells in the
spreadsheet and then separate those cells.
Click Start> Search and select> Search.
Click Options> format.
Click alignment> merge cells> OK.
Click Search all to see a list of all merged cells in the spreadsheet.
When you click on an item in the list, Excel selects the combined cell in the
spreadsheet. You can now override the cell combination.
Use as a Text Processor
It is common to use the spreadsheet to print tables. It is due to the ease of
adjusting rows and columns, but a spreadsheet is, especially for calculating.
How to overcome it?
To write text documents, for example, a table without formulas or operations
it is better to use a word processor
Very Complex Tables
Ideally, a table handles a few concepts, that is, it is not too complex. Some
tables are impossible to understand because they have infinite rows and
columns.
How to overcome it?
It is solved by separating tables according to concepts (the information you
want to tell) and linking one information with another.
Separation Calculations / Report
When a spreadsheet is used to report (for example in economic reports), the
summary (calculated) data is mixed with the source data of that calculation.
That is, operations are mixed with the data that matters.
How to overcome it?
This is solved by creating a specific summary sheet and putting the origin of
the data on another sheet. That way they don't mix.
 CHAPTER 12:

Shortcuts, Tips, and Solutions to Common

Problems

SHORTCUTS

U sing
Excel shortcuts or shortcut keys is an often-overlooked way of
efficiency while operating with an Excel model. When used rather than
clicking in the toolbar, these shortcut keys execute large functions that
greatly improve performance and speed. Consider hitting just two to three
keys on the keyboard rather than shifting the hand to the cursor, moving the
button, then clicking several times.
There are lots of keyboard Excel shortcuts available to help you get
something done in Excel. These shortcuts may be used for a variety of tasks,
ranging from basic spreadsheet navigation to formula filling and data
grouping.
Excel's Basic Shortcut Terminology
Before diving into Excel shortcuts, it's a good idea to go through the basic
terminology for the various Excel components.
Any of the several boxes in the Excel spreadsheet is referred to as a cell.
Excel's active cell is the one that is actually chosen. There can be only one
active cell at any given time.
The active cell, or even a group of cells, is referred to as a selection. If the
range contains more than one cell, the active cell will be displayed in white,
while the remainder of the selection will be grey.
A column is a collection of vertical cells in Excel that are referred to by
letters ranging from A to Z. Excel can repeat letters a second time after
column Z. As a result; column AA is the next column after column Z,
preceded by column AB.
A row is a set of horizontal cells in Excel that are referred to by integers in
ascending order from 1 to n.
Inside Excel, there are many various types of data.
Text is a type of data that is made up of letters. Text data may also contain
numbers. These numbers, on the other hand, must be used in combination
with letters or manually set to text.
Numbers are data sets that are mostly made up of numbers. Number type data
cannot use characters, unlike text type data, which does.
Numbers are used in combination with a currency marker in
currency/accounting info.
Dates are pieces of information that represent a date and/or period. In Excel,
dates may be formatted in a variety of ways.
Data of the percentage kind is a subset of numerical data that has been
transformed into a percentage. These can be translated back into data of the
number type and vice versa. When you convert a percentage to a number, the
result is a decimal. Eighty-nine percent, for example, would be converted to
0.89.
You will save time by using the Excel keyboard shortcuts mentioned below.
You may either scroll down the collection or use the Index to easily find the
section you're looking for.
Basic Excel Shortcuts
These shortcuts are for Windows computers.
WHEN YOU PRESS THIS THE RESULT YOU WILL GET
SHORTCUT
Ctrl+W A workbook becomes closed.
Ctrl+O Option to open a new workbook is
given.
Ctrl+A All spreadsheet cells are selected.
Ctrl+P A page for printing excel document
opens.
Ctrl+H Find and Replace dialog box opens.
Ctrl+S The workbook you are working on is
saved.
Ctrl+C Your selected text is copied.
Ctrl+V Copied content is pasted.
Ctrl+Z Undo action is carried out.
Ctrl+Y Redo action is carried out.
Ctrl+X The selected content is cut.
Ctrl+B The selected text is made bold.
Ctrl+9 Hide the selected rows.
Ctrl+0 Hide the selected columns.
Ctrl+1 Opens format cells dialogue box.
Ctrl+K Opens window to insert a link.
Ctrl+I Makes selected text be in italic.
General Shortcuts Keys
Ask for assistance ( F1 )
Undo the previous activity ( Ctrl ) + ( Z )
Repeat the last action ( F4 )
Cut the selected text ( Ctrl ) + ( X )
Display the Special Paste ( Ctrl ) + ( Alt ) + ( V )
Display find and replace with the Find tab ( Ctrl ) + ( F )
chosen
Display find and replace with the Replace tab ( Ctrl ) + ( H )
chosen
Find the previous match [after initial Find] ( Ctrl ) + ( Shift ) + ( F4 )
Find the next match [after initial Find] ( Shift ) + ( F4 )
Insert embedded chart ( Alt ) + ( F1 )
Insert chart on a new sheet ( F11 )
Toggle the Auto filter ( Ctrl ) + ( Shift ) + ( L )
Filter Activate ( Alt ) + ( ↓ )
Create table ( Ctrl ) + ( T ) OR ( Ctrl ) + (
L)
Chose table row ( Shift ) + ( Space )
Chose table column ( Ctrl ) + ( Space )
Chose table [when the active cell is in table] ( Ctrl ) + ( A )
Filter for clear slicers ( Alt ) + ( C )
Run Spellcheck ( F7 )
Toggle Thesaurus ( Shift ) + ( F7 )
The Macro dialog box opens ( Alt ) + ( F8 )
VBA Editor opens ( Alt ) + ( F11 )
Duplicate text, formula, object ( Ctrl ) + ( D )
Select to grid [whilst dragging] ( Alt )
Seen or hidden objects ( Ctrl ) + ( 6 )
The Modify Cell Style dialogue box will ( Alt ) + ( ' )
appear
Show the right-click menu ( Shift ) + ( F10 )
Display the control menu ( Alt Space )
Number Formatting Shortcuts Keys
General format use Ctrl + Shift + ~
Number format use Ctrl + Shift + !
Time format use Ctrl + Shift + @
Date format use Ctrl + Shift + #
Currency format use Ctrl + Shift + $
Percentage format use Ctrl + Shift + %
Scientific format use Ctrl + Shift + ^
Workbook Shortcuts Keys
Open/Create a new workbook ( Ctrl ) + ( N )
Workbook opens ( Ctrl ) + ( O )
Workbook is saved ( Ctrl ) + ( S )
Save as ( F12 )
Move/Go to the next workbook ( Ctrl ) + ( Tab )
Move/Go to the previous workbook ( Ctrl ) + ( Shift ) + ( Tab
)
Current workbook window is minimized ( Ctrl ) + ( F9 )
Current workbook window is maximized ( Ctrl ) + ( F10 )
Protect the workbook ( Alt ) + ( R, P W )
Current workbook is closed ( Ctrl ) + ( F4 )
Excel is closed ( Alt ) + ( F4 )
Ribbon Shortcuts Keys
Collapse/Expand the ribbon ( Ctrl ) + ( F1 )
Access keys activate ( Alt )
Shift/Move through groups and Ribbon tabs → ← ↑ ↓
Open or Activate selected control ( Space ) OR ( Enter )
Confirm the control change ( Enter )
Go to the help on the selected control ( F1 )
Drag and Drop (After Selecting Cells)
Pull/Drag & cut Drag
Pull/Drag & copy Ctrl + Drag
Pull/Drag & insert Shift + Drag
Pull/Drag & insert copy Ctrl + Shift + Drag
Pull/Drag to the worksheet Alt + Drag
Pull/Drag to the duplicate worksheet Ctrl + Drag
Navigation Shortcuts Keys
Go/Move one cell right →
Go/Move one cell left ←
Go/Move one cell up ↑
Go/Move cell down ↓
Go/Move one screen right Alt + PgDn
Go/Move one screen left Alt + PgUp
Go/Move one screen up PgUp
Go/Move one screen down PgDn
Go/Move to the right edge of the data region Ctrl + →
Go/Move to the left edge of the data region Ctrl + ←
Go/Move to the top edge of the data region Ctrl + ↑
Go/Move to the bottom edge of the data region Ctrl + ↓
Go/Move to the beginning of the row Home
Go/Move to the last cell in worksheet that Ctrl + End
contains data
Go/Move to the first cell in a worksheet Ctrl + Home
Turn End mode on End
Selection Shortcuts Keys
Choose/Select the entire row Shift + Space
Choose/Select the entire column Ctrl + Space
Choose/Select the current region if the worksheet Ctrl + A
contains data. Again, press to select the current
region and summary rows. Again, press to select
the entire worksheet
Expand the selection Shift + Click
Add non-adjacent cells to selection Ctrl + Click
Shift/Move right between the non-adjacent Ctrl + Alt + →
selections
Shift/Move left between the non-adjacent Ctrl + Alt + ←
selections
'Add to Selection' mode Toggle Shift + F8
'Add to Selection' mode Exit Esc
Active Cell Shortcuts Keys
Choose the working cell (when there are already Shift + Backspace
several cells selected)
Display the working cell on the worksheet Ctrl + Backspace
Shift/Move the working cell clockwise to the Ctrl +.
corners of the selection
Shift/Move the working cell down in the selection Enter
—wrap to the next column
Shift/Move the working cell up in the selection— Shift + Enter
wrap to the previous column
Shift/Move the working cell right in a selection— Tab
wrap to the next row
Shift/Move the working cell left in a selection— Shift + Tab
wrap to the previous row
Formulas Shortcuts Keys
Start by entering a formula = OR +
Toggled (in cell edit mode) relative and absolute ( F4 )
references
The Insert Function Dialog Box would display ( Shift ) + ( F3 )
Auto sum ( Alt ) + ( = )
Switch on and off the display of formulas ( Ctrl ) + ( ` )
Insert arguments to the function ( Ctrl ) + ( Shift ) + ( A )
Filled in the array formula ( Ctrl ) + ( Shift ) + (
Enter )
Worksheets to calculate ( F9 )
Calculate the active worksheet (operational) ( Shift ) + ( F9 )
Force all worksheets to be calculated ( Ctrl ) + ( Alt ) + ( F9 )
(In cell edit mode) evaluate part formula ( F9 )
The formula bar expanded or collapsed. ( Ctrl ) + ( Shift ) + U )
Dialog box for feature arguments to be displayed ( Ctrl ) + ( A )
Open the Name Manager application. ( Ctrl ) + ( F3 )
In rows, columns create name from values ( Ctrl ) + ( Shift ) + ( F3 )
Into the formula, Paste the name ( F3 )
Auto-complete accept feature ( Tab )
Columns and Rows Shortcuts Keys
Show the Insert Dialog box ( Ctrl ) + +
Add the selected number of rows ( Ctrl ) + +
Add the selected number of columns ( Ctrl ) + +
Show the Delete dialog box ( Ctrl ) + -
Remove the selected number of rows ( Ctrl ) + -
Remove the selected number of columns ( Ctrl ) + -
Remove the contents of selected cells ( Delete )
Hide the columns ( Ctrl ) + ( 0 )
Hide the rows ( Ctrl ) + ( 9 )
Unhide the rows ( Ctrl ) + ( Shift ) + ( 9 )
Group columns or rows with columns/rows ( Shift ) + ( Alt ) + ( →
selected )
Ungroup columns or rows with columns/rows ( Shift ) + ( Alt ) + ( ←
selected )
Show Group Dialog Box, no rows/cols selected ( Shift ) + ( Alt ) + ( →
)
Show Ungroup Dialog Box ( Shift ) + ( Alt ) + ( ←
)
Show or Hide outline symbols ( Ctrl ) + ( 8 )
Pivot Tables Shortcuts Keys
Make pivot table ( Alt ) + N, V
The entire pivot table is selected ( Ctrl ) + A
Group pivot table elements ( Alt ) + Shift + →
Ungroup pivot table elements ( Alt ) + Shift + ←
Hide the pivot table element (filter it out) ( Ctrl ) + -
Unhide the pivot table elements (clear the filter ( Alt ) + H, S C
on)
Create a pivot chart ( Alt ) + N, S Z C
Dialog Boxes Shortcuts Keys
Go to the next control ( Tab )
Return to the previous control ( Shift ) + ( Tab )
Go to the next tab ( Ctrl + ( Tab )
Return to the previous tab ( Ctrl ) + ( Shift ) + (
Tab )
Accept and Apply ( Enter )
Box to check and uncheck ( Space )
Close the dialogue box and cancel ( Esc )
it
 Conclusion

T hank you for reading this book. Microsoft Excel 2021 brings together
detailed and concise information on using all aspects of the latest and
most relevant version of Microsoft Excel.
This is intended to assist irrespective of just how much or how little
knowledge you have with the task. Excel 2021 offers its users almost
unlimited versatility too much veiled in technical jargon and overshadowed
by explanations that might understand even a software engineer.
Excel skills are some of those skills that have become very important in the
job market today. They carry a lot of weight because Excel does not just
represent one type of skill, but a wide range of skills that employers are
interested in so much. That is why people with good Excel skills stand a
better chance of securing a job than those people who have little or no
knowledge about the spreadsheet.
Excel skills will make things much easier for you in a job setting. You can for
instance gather data easily if you are required to, analyze it if this is needed,
and also draw some conclusions from the data. Sometimes you might be
required to present a section of that data to people who make decisions for
the business. You need excellent Excel skills to be able to do this and this is
what will help you advance in your career from one rank to the other.
This book has taken you through some basic and powerful Excel functions
that you can put to the test today right now.
Mastering these basic Excel skills is what you need to do to make your life
easier—and maybe impress those in your workplace. Whatever you do, keep
developing your Excel skills—it will not only help you keep track of your
own earnings, but it can also lead to a better potential job opportunity.
Microsoft Excel learning can be an ongoing and fulfilling process, just take it
slow and build on your knowledge step by step. Microsoft Excel allows you
to analyze, manage, and share data in further ways than it has ever been,
assisting you in making better, more informed decisions. Excel allows you
greater consistency and versatility to achieve your targets, whether you're
making accounting results or handling personal expenditures.
Excel provides simple forms for people to collaborate on workbooks and
improve the efficiency of their work. Excel allows it easy to get what you
need to be completed faster, with greater consistency and more performance.
This book has covered all of the advanced Excel features and strategies that
one would find useful in speeding up existing tasks or optimizing data, as
well as providing new tools and insight into certain features that provide
them a lens through which they may manipulate and analyze their data from an
entirely new perspective and control information from a new perspective.
Excel is often unavoidable in marketing, but with the tips mentioned above, it
doesn't have to be so intimidating. Practice makes perfect, as they say. These
formulas, shortcuts, and methods will become second nature the more you
utilize them.
Good luck.