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Introduction & Theory

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Amos Korir
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14 views2 pages

Introduction & Theory

Uploaded by

Amos Korir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction

This experiment primarily aims to find the density of given material. Density being basically
mass per unit volume will require us to measure the mass and the volume of the material then
using the density formula to obtain the density of the material. Volume measurement involve
measuring various dimensions of the material under consideration using digital calliper and
micrometre and the mass of the material can be obtained using digital mass meter. To obtain
more accurate results various measurements will be taken for both volume and mass then
average is obtained from such data.
Theory
Density if the fundamental property of matter and is defined as mass per unit volume.
m
ρ=
v
Where ρ stands for desnsity ,m for mass∧v for volume .
Different materials have different densities and this stems from the simple fact that different materials
compose of different elements with different mass numbers brought about by varying number of
electrons and protons which are the basic building blocks of any matter.
To measure the density of any material one must determine its mass and volume. Mass can be
obtained using a balance while volume on the other hand can be easily determined if the material
under consideration has a regular shape using the formular:
V =l × w ×h
Where V stands for Volume, l for length, w for width and h for height of the material.
For the case of cylinder, volume is given by:
2
V =π r h
Where r is the radius of the cylinder and h is the height.
If we have a sphere, the volume is given by:
4 3
V= π r
3
Where r is the radius of a sphere.
For any irregularly shaped objects, the volume can be found using the water displacement
method, where the object is submerged in water, and the volume of water displaced is
measured.
In the case of liquid, the liquid is put in a container whose mass has been determined and the
weighed. From the results the mass of the liwiid can be obtained. To obtained the volume of
the liquid, a calibrated cylinder is used.
When determining density of any material, some factors such as temperature and pressure should be
considered. For most substances, density decreases as temperature increases because the substance
expands, increasing its volume. Conversely, increasing pressure typically decreases volume, thereby
increasing density. This relationship is particularly important in fields where precise control of
conditions is necessary.
Data collection, data analysis and error analysis are areas that need to be considered in experiments
such as these. For accurate results, the measuring instrument should be precise and accurate. Data
accuracy can also be improved if various data are taken as this will eliminate any bias and give close
to exact values in any such experiment.
In a laboratory setting, understanding and calculating density is vital for various applications,
from material identification to quality control. Accurate density measurements can help in
determining the purity of substances, identifying unknown materials, and even in designing
objects that need to float or sink in specific fluids. In general, Mastery of density calculations
and measurement techniques is essential skill for any scientist.

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