Chapter 3: Motion in a Plane
EXERCISES [PAGES 44 - 46]
Exercises | Q 1. (i) | Page 44
Choose the correct option.
An object thrown from a moving bus is on example of _____.
1. Uniform circular motion
2. Rectilinear motion
3. Projectile motion
4. Motion in one dimension
SOLUTION
An object thrown from a moving bus is on an example of Projectile motion.
Exercises | Q 1. (ii) | Page 44
Choose the correct option.
For a particle having a uniform circular motion, which of the following is constant
1. Speed
2. Acceleration
3. Velocity
4. Displacement
SOLUTION
Speed
Exercises | Q 1. (iii) | Page 44
Choose the correct option.
The bob of a conical pendulum undergoes
1. Rectilinear motion in horizontal plane
2. Uniform motion in a horizontal circle
3. Uniform motion in a vertical circle
4. Rectilinear motion in vertical circle
SOLUTION
Uniform motion in a horizontal circle
Exercises | Q 1. (iv) | Page 44
Choose the correct option.
For uniform acceleration in rectilinear motion which of the following is not correct?
1. Velocity-time graph is linear
2. Acceleration is the slope of velocity-time graph
3. The area under the velocity-time graph equals displacement
4. Velocity-time graph is nonlinear
SOLUTION
Velocity-time graph is nonlinear
SOLUTION
Exercises | Q 2. (i) | Page 45
Answer the following question.
Separate the following in groups of scalar and vectors:
velocity, speed, displacement, work done, force, power, energy, acceleration, electric
charge, angular velocity
SOLUTION
Scalars Vectors
Speed, work done, power, energy, Velocity, displacement, force,
electric charge acceleration, angular velocity (pseudo
vector)
Exercises | Q 2. (ii) | Page 45
Answer the following question.
Define average velocity and instantaneous velocity. When are they same?
SOLUTION
Exercises | Q 2. (iii) | Page 45
Answer the following question.
Define free fall.
SOLUTION
The motion of any object under the influence of gravity alone is called as free fall.
Exercises | Q 2. (iv) | Page 45
Answer the following question.
If the motion of an object is described by x = f(t), write formulae for instantaneous
velocity and acceleration.
SOLUTION
Exercises | Q 2. (v) | Page 45
Answer the following question.
Derive equations of motion for a particle moving in a plane and show that the motion
can be resolved in two independent motions in mutually perpendicular directions.
SOLUTION
4. Equations (1) and (2) can be resolved into their x and y components so as to get
corresponding scalar equations as follows.
5. It can be seen that equations (3) and (5) involve only the x components of
displacement, velocity and acceleration while equations (4) and (6) involve only the y
components of these quantities.
6. Thus, the motion along the x-direction of the object is completely controlled by the x
components of velocity and acceleration while that along the y-direction is completely
controlled by the y components of these quantities.
7. This shows that the two sets of equations are indepen dent of each other and can be
solved independently.
Exercises | Q 2. (vi) | Page 45
Answer the following question.
Derive equations of motion graphically for a particle having uniform acceleration,
moving along a straight line.
SOLUTION
1. Consider an object starting from position x = 0 at time t = 0. Let the velocity at
time (t = 0) and t be u and v respectively.
Exercises | Q 2. (vii) | Page 45
Answer the following question.
Derive the formula for the range and maximum height achieved by a projectile thrown
from the origin with initial velocity u at an angle θ to the horizontal.
SOLUTION
Exercises | Q 2. (viii) | Page 45
Answer the following question.
Show that the path of a projectile is a parabola.
SOLUTION
Exercises | Q 2. (ix) | Page 45
Answer the following question.
What is a conical pendulum?
SOLUTION
A simple pendulum, which is given such a motion that the bob describes a horizontal
circle and the string making a constant angle with the vertical describes a cone, is called
a conical pendulum.
Exercises | Q 2. (x) | Page 45
Answer the following question.
Define angular velocity.
SOLUTION
Angular velocity of a particle is the rate of change of angular displacement.
Exercises | Q 2. (xi) | Page 45
Answer the following question.
Show that the centripetal force on a particle undergoing uniform circular motion is -
mrω 2.
Exercises | Q 3. (i) | Page 45
Solve the following problem.
An aeroplane has a run of 500 m to take off from the runway. It starts from rest and
moves with constant acceleration to cover the runway in 30 sec. What is the velocity of
the aeroplane at the take-off?
SOLUTION
Exercises | Q 3. (ii) | Page 45
Solve the following problem.
A car moving along a straight road with a speed of 120 km/hr, is brought to rest by
applying brakes. The car covers a distance of 100 m before it stops. Calculate
(i) the average retardation of the car
(ii) time taken by the car to come to rest.
SOLUTION
Exercises | Q 3. (iii) | Page 45
Solve the following problem.
A car travels at a speed of 50 km/hr for 30 minutes, at 30 km/hr for next 15 minutes and
then 70 km/hr for next 45 minutes. What is the average speed of the car?
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
Exercises | Q 3. (v) | Page 45
Solve the following problem.
A man throws a ball to maximum horizontal distance of 80 m. Calculate the maximum
height reached.
SOLUTION
Exercises | Q 3. (vi) | Page 45
Solve the following problem.
A particle is projected with speed v0 at angle θ to the horizontal on an inclined surface
making an angle Φ (Φ < θ) to the horizontal. Find the range of the projectile along the
inclined surface.
SOLUTION
Exercises | Q 3. (vii) | Page 45
Solve the following problem.
A metro train runs from station A to B to C. It takes 4 minutes in travelling from station A
to station B. The train halts at station B for 20 s. Then it starts at station B and reaches
station C in next 3 minutes. At the start, the train accelerates for 10 sec to reach a
constant speed of 72 km/hr. The train moving at the constant speed is brought to rest in
10 sec. At the next station.
(i) Plot the velocity- time graph for the train travelling from station A to B to C.
(ii) Calculate the distance between the stations A, B and C.
SOLUTION
The metro train travels from station A to station B in 4 minutes = 240 s.
The trains halts at station B for 20 s.
The train travels from station B' to station C in 3 minutes = 180 s.
∴ Total time taken by the metro train in travelling from station A to B to C
= 240 + 20 + 180 = 440 s.
At start, the train accelerates for 10 seconds to reach a constant speed of 72 km/hr = 20
m/s. The train moving is brought to rest in 10 s at next station .
The velocity-time graph for the train travelling from station A to B to C is as follows:
Distance travelled by the train from station A to station B
= Area of PQRS
Exercises | Q 3. (viii) | Page 46
Solve the following problem.
A train is moving eastward at 10 m/sec. A waiter is walking eastward at 1.2m/sec; and a
fly is charging toward the north across the waiter’s tray at 2 m/s. What is the velocity of
the fly relative to Earth?
SOLUTION
Exercises | Q 3. (ix) | Page 46
Solve the following problem.
A car moves in a circle at a constant speed of 50 m/s and completes one revolution in
40 s. Determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the car.
SOLUTION 1
SOLUTION 2
Exercises | Q 3. (x) | Page 46
Solve the following problem.
A particle moves in a circle with constant speed of 15 m/s. The radius of the circle is 2
m. Determine the centripetal acceleration of the particle.
SOLUTION
Exercises | Q 3. (xi) | Page 46
Solve the following problem.
A projectile is thrown at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. What should be the range of
initial velocity (u) so that its range will be between 40m and 50 m? Assume g = 10 m s -2.
SOLUTION
