Approved as an American NatlonalStandard

ANSI Approval Date: May 19,2009

ANSINEMA CC 1-2009

E k W b w r Connection ibr Substations

Published by:

National B e d r i d Manufacturers-ciation
1300 North 17th Street
Rmslyn, Virginia 22209

Contains October 2012 Emta

Q Copyright 2009 by the National Eledrical ManuWum Assodation. All rights inchding translation into
other languages, r e s m d under the Uniwrsal CopyrigM Comntion, the Berne Conwntion for the
Protection of Literary and Artistic Worb, and the Internationaland PanAmericern Copyright Cmntions.
CC 1-2009
Page ii

(In f o mtional) B dt Hole Spacings and Pad Dimnsians for Other mu n t h r ........... .50
(Infomrsrtbmal) C a m o n Types of S u W t b n Connectors........................................ 52

Tables

Minimum PhaseSpaungs and Ground Clearances.. ......................................................

.4
Minimum Connector Plllout StreHgth W G Cable Sizm)................................................ 4
Minimum Connector Pdlout Strewh (Metric Cable Sbes) ...............................................
5
Minimum Cantilewr Strength of Bus Supports............................................................... .5
Standard Threads fnr Stud Terminals.. ....................................................................... . l l
Connector Clanping Bdts U.S. Standard Conductors and Hardwm .............................. .14
Connector Clamping Bdts IS0 Standard Condudon and H a M r e .............................. .15
Nominal Toque Values ........................................................................................... . I 6
Example 1 ............................................................................................................. .I6

Figutes

91 Thermocouple Lomtiws.. .......................................................................................... .7

-&
3-2
33
Conductor Voltage Gradient for Sinlje Condldor.. .........
conductor voltage Gradient for Bunded Conduct
Line To Ground Vdtage for Si :Conductor (Th
,..::A
Line To Ground Voltage for BI led Conductor
U-Bolt fy flonnector ..... .......... .....
-
QElackleType Connector...

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The purpose of this publicationis to p d d e standard test methods and performance rqui~merrts
fnr the
electrical and mechanical characteristics of connectors under normal operating conditions.

User needs in the daopment of this Standards Publication ha* been recognized through the normal
marketing determination of customer acceptance done by indiudual NEMA members, and through the
procedures inherent in its ap-l as an American National Standard.

The ElectricalConnector Section of NEMA, in its constmt d e w of the publication, conlinues to s e k out
the uews of responsible users, which will contribute to the dewloprnent of better standards.

These standards are periodicalty d e w d by the Electrical Connector Section for any d s i o n s
necessary to k e q them up to date with admncingtechnology. Proposed or recommended h s i o n s are
wlcorne and should be submitted to:
Vice President,Tec hniml SeAces
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
1300 North 17th Street

t~ectricalConnecror

-
Section of the National Electrirl ManufacturersAssociation. At the time it was approwd, r!ectrical

"A tor ection had the _..)wing members:

t ;reg Nlenaber, Chairman

1
Vince Baclawski, Secretary

Name of Remntatlw:
Carl Wentzel
ACA Conductor Acoessories Gary Harter
Connector ManufacturingCompany Greg
Nienaber
ERICO, Inc. Mike
Gassman
FCI Bumdy Ronald Lai
Galvan Industries, Inc. Roger
Montambo
Hubbell P w r System, Inc. Jason
Bundren
ILSCO Corporation Carl Taylor
lmplo Technologies Inc. Genti Goja
Panduit Corporation Joe Chopp

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Sicame Corpomtion Scott Casler

South Atlantic, LLC Gregg Allen
m a s & Betts Corporation James
Zahnen
TYCO ElectronicsCorporation Mark
Johnson
Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Jake
Killinger

<This page is intentionally left blank.,

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Page 1

Section I
GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE
This standard coers uninsulated connectors and bus supports that are made of metal and intended for
use with conductors or bus made of copper or aluminum alloy and hund in substations. Connectors that
are supplied in equipment are cowred by the equipment standards and are excluded from this standard.

The bllowing publidions are adopted in part, by reference in this publication, and are amilable from the
organizations helm

Amerlcan Soclety of Mechanical Engineers W M E )

Three Park Awnue
New Yok, NY 100166890

Piscataway, New Jersey

Standand for Calculatingthe Cumnf-Te-ure of Bae Owhead Conductom

N8thnal EIecf~icalSafety Code

Inbrnatlonal Electrotechnlcal Commldon (IEC)

3, rue de Varembe
P.O. Box 131
1211 Genew 20
Switzerland

60028 Ed. 2.&I925 International sfandaid of mskiallce for copper

61284 Ed. 1W74M 0-d tines-Requimments and tesh form-

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1.3 DEFINITIONS
bolbd-lype comector: A connector in which the contact betwen the conductor and the connector is
made by pressure exerted by one or more clamping tmlts.

bus awpport: A metal member, usually mounted on an insulator, which supports a bus conductor.
conductor: A carrier of electric current that is constwcted from conducti~gmaterial.

connector: A d d c e t h t joins two or more cmdudnrs for the purpose of w d i q a contiruous electrical
path.

HV(hlgh vothge), EHV (extm-hlglwottage), and UHV (ultra-hlghwoltage), power conneetors: A

connector, bus support or other d d c e which, when installedon its condu-r, d w not generate corrrna or
electrical noise at nominal wltage.

expansion connear: A connector that p d d e s a flexible connection betwen rigid conductors or

betwen a rigid conductor and electrical apparatus.
EHV (exm hlghvo-): A class of nominal system wltages greater than 230 kilmlts but less than
1000 kilowtts.

HV (high vokage): A class of nominal svstem mltaaes equal to or greater than 100 kV and>eaual to or
less than 230 kV.

main conductor (run): A LUI I U IUOUS

~ othe~~ondwtmbranch.
conductg~hmwh~ch

moE ihm :oQe condwc=torske.

ra nge-taking (multisize) connector: A connect or that ~bturnrn~dates

stud term lnal connector: A te'rminal connector that joins a conductor to the round terminal sfud of
electrical appamtus.

tang: That podion of a connector that is wed to fasten a connector to a terminal pad.

b r m i m l mnector: A co-r thatjoim a conductwto a lead, termind pad (solid or laminated block),
or round terminal stud of electrical apparatus.
brminal pad: The flat conductiq part of a d d c e to which a terminal connector is fastened.

UHV ( u l m h u h vokqe): A class of nominal system wltages equal to or greater than 1000 kilowlts.

welcLtype connector: A con- in which the contact betwen the conductor and the comector is made
by wlding.

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Section 2
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

CURRENT RATINGS FOR CONNECTORS DESIGNED TO BE USED ON COPPER

CONDUCTOR

2.1.2 The cumnt rating ofthe connector may be based upon either the conductor sizes from tables
B-1 or B-2 or the cumnt rating of the equipment to which the connector is attached if it is specifically
designed to connect to one piece or type of equipment.

CURRENT RATINGS FOR CONNECTORS DESIGNEO TO BE USED ON ALUMINUM

CONDUCTOR
2.2.1 The 60-Hzcumnt ratings of aluminum conductors or aluminum pipe conductors are shown in
Annex B, Section B.2.

2.2.2 The current rating ofthe connector may be based upon either the conductor sizes from tables
B-3 or B-4 or the current rating of the equipment to which the connector is attached, if it is specifically
designed to connect to one piece or type of equipment.

2.3 CONNECTORCLASSES
Connector Classez-The connector class is based upon the operating voltage as follows:

2.3.1 HV (high v o l t a g e b q u a l to or greater than 100 kV and equal to or less than 230 kV.

2.3.2 EHV (extra high voltage)-greater than 230 kV but less than 1000 kl

2.3.3 UHV (ultm hlgh v o l h ~ ~ utoaor lg ~ a t ethan

r 1000 kV.

2.4 EHVAND UHV POWER CONNECTORS

2.4.1 Test Phase Spacims
The test requimrrts for EHV and UHV p w r cmnecbrs shal be based on the minimum design phase
spacing and distanoe from ground plane as s h m in Table 2-1 (see 3.3,Comna and RW tests). The u s d
corona and audible noise extinction mltagetest shall be at least 10% greater than the nominal opating
Mage. The radio influencewttage (RRI) lewl shal be belw200 rncrwlts at thiiwltage. All tests shall
be conducted under laboratory conditions.

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Table 2-1
MINIMUM PHASE SPACINGS AND GROUND CLEARANCES

Nomlnal
Opemtlng Phase Spadng Motance from
Voltage mound Plane

kV m (ft) m (ft)
230 3.4 (11) 4.8 (1 5)
345 4.9 (16) 7.6 (25)
500 7.6 (25) 9.1 (30)
765 13.7 (45) 13.7 (45)
1100" 16.8 (55) 16.8 (55)
"1100 Wspaang and heightwre b m d uponwrkperformed forthemHz Mill, PA Teat Stahon.

2.4.2 In&allatlm P b Spaclngs

Phase stmanas used in installations shall be based uwn the current wnion of the National Electrical
C2-2007) in e M at the time of installation.
Safety code ~ E E E

2.5 FREQUENCY
The frequency of the power conn&ors cmred by this publication shall be 50 or 60 M z . -4
TEMPERATURERISE(SE
1
2.6.1
.6
Temperature Rlse of the Conn or
The temperature cise of an e l W c p m r wnne
the conductor wilh which it is intended to be used. lhe temperatm rise of an e l a c m r connedor that
connects conductorsof th ur ductor
highest temperature ri

2.6.2 Avemge Temperaturn of an k m o n Eluddc Pawer Connector

The awrage temperature of an exparsion eledric p o w r connector shall be in accordance with 2.6. I. The
hotspot temperature rise shall not exceed the awrage temperature rise by more than 10°C.

2.7 PULLOUT STRENGTH (SEE 3.2)

The minimum pullout strength of the connector shall be as shown in Table 2-2.
Table 2-2
MINIMUM CONNECTOR PULLOUT STRENGTH
(AWG Cable Slzes)

Wlre or Cable She Pullout Strength

AWG or k c r n ~ ~ mmg N IM
6110 (13-w 1334 (300)
21WO (67-107) 2224 (500)
250600 (127-253) 4448 (1000)
greater than 500 - (greater than 253) _ 88W (2000)

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Table 2-3
MINIMUM CONNECTOR PULLOUT STRENGTH
(Metric Cable Sizes)

Pullout Slmnuth

(greater than 240) 1 8896

2.8 CANTILEVERSTRENGTH OF BUS SUPPORTS (SEE 3.4)

When tested in accordance with 3.4, the minimum cantilwr strength of bus supports shall k in
accordance with Table 2 4

Table 2 4
MINIMUM CANTILEVER STRENGTH OF BUS SUPPOKE

Bronze Alumlnum
N (Ibf) N Ilbf)
2224 (500) 8896 (2000)

2.9

---
TORQUE STRENGTH OF BOLTED CONNECTORS
The connector shall withstand, without damage, a torque d u e 50% abow the appropriate torque values
gien in Table 4 4 , Nominal Torque Vdues. Damage is
naked eye.

2.10 ALUMINUM WELDMENT COUPLERS

The design of the couplershall be such that failure of the assembly will occur in the annealed tubular bus
when subjected to either a tensile or bending load test.

The wlded connections shall haw an electrical conductility equal to or greater than the original bus.

The recommended wlding methods are tuwsten inert gas (llG) or metallic inert gas (MIG).

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Section 3
TEST METHODS

At the discretion of the manuhctu~rs,temperature rise tests on electric p w r connectors shall be

conducted ether indoors or ouMoors. The temperahre rise shall be determined at 100, 125, and 150% of
the rated current in accordmce with 3.1.3, with equiCbrium temperatures obtained at each 1-1. Equilibrium
temperature is defined as a constah temperature (+I-2%) m e n thee sucoessiw measurements taken
fie minutes apart. Measlrements shal be made at i h end of the first 30 minutes and at onehour irtemls
theafter until completion of the test.
Note-Thiitest isnot intendsdtoqmliithe comecbrsforservice higherthanthe namal wting (2.0). If the uaardeaimto openhi the
condudorand wnnedonat a higher temperature rating, the teat cumnta &all be r a i d to a value agmed upon b e h i e n the
manufactu~rand user.

3.1.32 Test Current Debrmination

The current to be used fnr temperature rise tests of mrious typesof connectors shall be in accordance with
the following:

3.1.82.1 Termlnal Connectors

The current test shall be perfprmedat either the cumnt rating of the equipment to whi& the connector is
joined, or the cumnt rating of the conductor, whichewr is Iowr.

3.1.82.2 Angle and Stralght Connectors

The test current shall be based upon:
a. The smallest conductor grooe, and
b. The highest ampacity conductor accommodated in that g m

3.132.3 'T'Connectas
The test current shall be based upon:
a. The smallest conductor grooe, and
b. The highest ampacity conductor accommodated in that gmoe

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3.1.4 Expansion Connector Measurements

LOCATlON OF mERMOCOUPLES
(CENTER-TOP SURFACE)

H
LENGTH OF
FREE BRAID

The highest temperatue s hdl be recordedand compared to the requirements giwn in 2.5.
c. All of the temperature measurements shdl be awraged to obtain the awrage temperature
rise of the expansion connector.

3.2 PULLOUT STRENGTH TESTS

The pullout strength test of connectors shall be conducted with both the maximum and minimum size of
conductor, either aluminum or copper, that each particular connector is designed to accommodate. The
connector shall be fastened to the conductor and the clamping bolts tightened in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendation. Atensile load shall be applied between the jaws at a crosshead speed
not exceeding 20.8 mm per minute per meter of length (114 in. per minute per foot of length).
3.3 CORONA AND RIV TESTS
3.3.1 Test Setup
Connectors shall be tested while assembled with the conductor on which they are to be used.
Dimensionallyequimlent tubing shall be permitted to be substituted for stranded conductors. The connector
and conductor to be tested shall be in a clean, dry, and new condition.

3.3.2 Tests Performed under Single-Phase Conditions

Tests shall be permitted to be performedunder singlephase conditions, but results must be corrected to
prodde the connector rating at the center phase of a three-phase system. This shall be done as follows:

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a. Determine the conductorwltage gradient by usirg the corona-extinction test wltage and
the test condition in the formulae in Figures 3-2 and 3-3.
b. Determine the line-to-ground wltage at which the connector will operate by using the
wltage gradient determined in item 1 and the actual "operating rating" conditions in the
formulae in Figures 3-4 and 3-5.

Where:

distance from center of conductor to ground plane, centimeters.

radius of the indiudual conductor, centimeters.
conductor centerline spacing in the bundle, centimeters.
phase-to-phase spacing of bundle centerlines, centimeters.
line-to-ground coronaextinction test wltage, kV.
line-to-ground coronaextinction operating wltage, kV.
awrage wltage gradient at the surface of the conductor, kV1cm.
maximum wltage gradient at the surface of a single conductor, kVIcm.
equivalent single-conductor radius of bundled conductors, centimeters.
number of conductors in the bundle.
1 for I - , 2- and 3- conductor bundles; = I .2 for Cconductor bundles
natural logarithm.
-

GROUND PLANE

Figure 3-2
CONDUCTOR VOLTAGE GRADIENT
FOR SINGLE CONDUCTOR

GROUND PLANE

Figure 3 3
CONDUCTOR VOLTAGE GRADIENT FOR BUNDLED CONDUCTOR

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i
GROUND PLANE

Figure 3 4
LINE TO GROUND VOLTAGE FOR SINGLE CONDUCTOR (THREE PHASE)

3.3.3 Observationsfor Visual Corona

Obsermtions for usual corona shall be made in a darkened area after the eye has adapted to the dark.
Binoculars or image amplification equipment can be used to locate and 0bsen.e the presence or absence of
positie corona, neglecting any negatk glow corona, as only the positk corona contributes significantly to
the radio noise. A wltage up to 30% aboe the test wltage shall be applied to establish the critical corona
location, if any. The corona extinction wltage shall be obsered as the wltage is decreased.

3.3.4 RIV Measurements

RIV measurements shall be made in accordance with either:

3.3.41 ANNEX A, Methods of Measurement of Radio Influence Voltage (RN) of High Voltage
Apparatus

3.3.42 IEC 61284 Overhead Lines-Requirements and tests for fittings, Section 15 Corona and radio
interference wltage (RIV) tests

RIV measurements may be omitted if the test set-up a l l m completeUsual obsenration and all sources of
corona ha= been identified.

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3.4 CANTILEVERSTRENGTHOFBUSSUPPORTS
The cantilewr strmgth shall be determinedby apmng a load t r a n m e lo the c o r n o r lo~gihrdnalaxis.
The bus supportshal k bolted iu a flat suribce, using the hardware recommended by the manufactu~r.
3.5 TORQUE STRPlGTH TEST OF BOLTED-TYPE CONNECTORS
The conducto~s)shall be assembled in the con- and the bolts tightened unibrmly and alternately in
11.3 FCm (100 Ib-in.) increments until 50% m r the nominal toque a u e is achie& (see 4.6).

3.6 TENS1LE TEST OF W ELDm COUPLERS

The spliced m c t o r , with the coupler in M w e n , shall be fastened in a t d l e testing machine and a ked
shall be applied at a crossheadspeed not exceedng 20.8 mm per minuk per mekr (114 in. per minute per
foot) of sample l e w h

3.7 BENDINGTEST OF WELDED COUPLERS

A load shall be applied at twr,poids, at a distanoe of 76.2 mm (3 in.) from the w l d and transerse to the
conductor longitudinal axis.

The conductor shall t

x freely supported at each end.

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Section 4
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

A1.I Clamping Fadenemfor Copper Oecbic Power Connectom

Clamping fasteners for copper electric powr connectors shall meet the requirements of the Am&an
National Sta&wdfarSqtmm and h x B a s and a m , ASME B18.2 1, and Squatw andHex Nuts, ASME
B18.2.2. Washers shdl meet the requiremnts oftheAmeriEan Natbml StBndaMfwPldn Wishen, ASME
B18.22.1. Lockwashernareoptionaland, ifused, shall meet the requirements of the American National
S f m f o r L o c k Washers,ASME B18.21.1.
41.2 Clamplng Fastanerafor Alumlnum Electrlc P w r Connectors
A1 .PI Clamping fiisteners Ibr aluminum electric p w r connectors shall meet the requirements of the
Americen Netha1 Standad for M x Bolfs and S c ~ ,wAS ME B18.21.1, and S q m and ~ M x Nuts,
ASME B18.2.2. Flat washers shall meet the requirements of the American National Standard, ASME
B18.22.1. Lock washers shall meet the requiments of the American National Standard, ASME

equipment shall be as shown in Table 4-1- I

Table 4-1 ' I
STANDARD THREADS FOR STUD lERMlNAL CONNECTORS

* For reference on1y

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BOLT HOLES FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS WTH SINGLE TANGS OR MULTIPLE FLAT
BAR TANGS
4.3.1 The dimensions and the arrangement of bolt holes in the tangs of power connectors used in
North America shall be as shown in Annex C, Figures C-I to C6. Figures C-7 to C-9 show the typical
spacing for multiple flat bar tangs.

4.32 Metric terminal pad spacing and sizes used in some countries other than the U.S. are gien for
information in Annex D.

4.4 CONDUCTOR CLAMPING BOLTS FOR CONNECTORS

4.4.1 General
Bronze alloy bolts shall be used on copper alloy connectors and aluminum alloy bolts shall be used on
aluminum alloy conductors. Alternate alloy materials, including Steel or Stainless steel, shall be permitted to
be used for bolts if performance requirements are met and no aderse material compatibility or galling of
threads occurs and if approwd by the manufacturer.

4.4.2 Number and Diameter of Conductor Clamping Bolts

The number and diameter of clamping bolts for connectors are listed in Tables 4-2 and 4-3, unless
otherwise specified by the connector manufacturer.

4.4.21 U-Bolts (See Figure 4-1)

Each U-bolt shall count as two bolts.

Figure 4-1
U-BOLT TYPE CONNECTOR

4.4.22 Shackles(See Figure 4-2)

Each bolt of a single casting, wrap-around conductor shackle design shall count as two bolts.

Figure 4-2
SHACKLE TYPE CONNECTOR

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44.23 Dlfkrent SImsof Conductors

When two dikrent sizes of c o n d d r s are immlwd, the bolts specified for the smaller conductor shall be
permitted to be used.
4.4.24 Bceptlon when Thma Bobare SpecMed
When three bolts are specified, the bllowing exceptions shall apply:

a. Terminal lugs shal h m a minimm of four bolts or the equivalent for a single conductor.
b. Stud connectors shal ha\^ a minimum of four bolts or the equimlerrt for the stud portion.

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Ta ble 4-2
CONNECTOR CLAMPING BOLTS
U.S. STANDARD CONDUCTORS AND HARDWARE

N O T E 4 e e Appendkc forterminalpad confuuatiom

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Table 4 4
CONNECTOR CLAMPING BOLTS
IS0 STANDARD CONDUCTORS AND HARDWARE

Bolts Per Conrlucbr Bolts per Conductor

Slngle Slze slwle Range Rklng Rang. R l n . Slnglm SIm
Standard Dw Heavy Du
1 2 3 I S 6 7 8 g 10 11 12 13 14
Alurnlnum or
Standard
Copper CaM, ACSR Cable Stud Dla. Dla. Dla. Dla. Dla. Dla.
Plpe slre, .
mm
mm' Ohlde o
m No. (mm) Na (mm) No. (mm) (mm) No. imm)
Diameter, mm
16 t h r ~50 5.0 thru 10 1 12.0 2 M 10 3 M 10 4 M 10 2 MI2 '7MI2

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Table 4 4
NOMINAL TORQUE VALUES

NOTES
LA = LubriFated-Aluminum
SB = Slllcon bronze or steel
See 4.5 for amngement and Ares of boltsfor termlnal connectors.
' For e r e n c e onlv
4.4.3 ExamplesIIIustratin
4.4.&1 Example1
A straight coupler connectw or a Sodegree (1-57 radian) elbow connector is used to connect a conducfw
of 1W in. copper pipe to another conductor of 1% in. copper pipe. After locating the proper line for the t%
in. copper pipe in the first column of the table, the total number of bolts required can be determined from
the following information giwn for the connectors.

For standard duty connectors:

& B = 3Cx 2 = 6 A
For standard duty terminal or stud connectors:

AXB=C
4x2= 8
Where:
A = W in. diameter bolts per condu-r
B = Number of conductors
C = Number of 'A in. diameter M t s per littin9

Table 4 6
EXAMPLE 1

Bolb per Conductor

I Number of
Conductors I Minimum Number of
Bolts per Wttlng
I Comments

3 I 2 I 6 I Minimum
Bolt Size is 1/2 in.

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44.12 Example 2
A single size T cannector is used to connect a 3-inch Schedub 40 aluminum main tu a 397.5 kcmil ASCR
(201 mm2)tap (outside diameter = 0.743 in., 18.87 mm).

After locating the propr line fpr the 3inch pipe in the first column of the table, it can be seen that the
connectors require bur 518 in. diameter bolts per conductor (see columns 13 and 14 of Table 4-2).

After locatitg the proper line for the0.743inh oukide dimeter ACSR tap inthe ttird column ofthe table, it
can be seen that the connectors requirefour % inch diamter bolk per conductor (see columns 13 and 14
of Table 4-2).

In this case and inacclordancewith 4.4.3.1, the rnanufiictu~rhas the choice of using either four X-inch
diameter bolts per conductor or bur e inch diameter M s per conductor.

44.13 Example3
A copper stud connector hAng a Ic inch - 12 thead is came- to a copper cable wnging in size from
400 to 800 kcml(203 to 405 mm2). This connector is considered a range taking connector. U s i q the
fourth column for the stud and the second colunn for the copper cable, it can be seen that the connectors
requite the following bolts:

a. Four ci-inch diameter bolts per conductor for the 1c-inch stud, range-taking column.
b. Four 2-inch diameter bolts per conductor for the cable (based on largest bolts required for
the range, cowrs both 310 AWG thru 500 and 550 thru 300 kcmil cable).

In this caseand inaccordance with 4.4.3.1, the manufacturer has the choice of using either four d-inch
diameter bolts per conductor or four % in. diameter bolts per conductor

4.5 TENSILE STRENGTH OF BOLTS I

Bronzealloy and sbeel jindudii mintess std) bolts SM ham a mlnlmum tensile strength of w MP
(70,000psi) and aluminum alloy bolts shall haw a minimum tensile strength of 380 MPa (55,000 psi).
1
A6 EXPANSION CONNECTORS
Expansim c o m e d m shall permit a total mmment of one conductor in relation to the other as fpllows:

a) For copper conductors41.8 mm (13 in.) minimum.

b) For aluminum conductors or combination of aluminum and copper--50.8 mm (2 in.) minimum.

47 TERMINAL CONNECTORS
On Oket Pad connedors there shall be a mininum dearance of3.18 mm (c inch) M w m any part of the
clamp or hardware and the contact surface of the pad. (See Figures C11 AND C12)

The size of flat (plain) washers shall hin accordance with Table G4.

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Section 5
RECOMMENDATION FOR MAKING CONNECTIONS

The conmcbr and conductor surfaces should be ugorously cleaned with a wire brush or emery cloth. A
shiny, brigti surhoe is needed. A contad compound shorld be appCed imnediatelyfpllowing the cleaning
of the sumce.

Some connectors am plated with other metals. The surfaces of these connectolg should not be abraded
since this may remow a portion of the plating. They may be cleaned with a compatible solwnt, if
necessary.

Since it is the aluminum (anode) that corrodes in a cow-al~minum eledmlytic cell, aluminum cable and
tubing should not be used with unplatedcopper alloy connecbors. The m e ,h o w ~ r(copper
, wnbdor
and aluminum connector) is functionally acceptable p d d e d the aluminum connector is "massiw" in
comparisonto the copper cmducbr (i.e., the aluninum connector shall be s i d to handle the hll current
ratitw of the c o . , ~ conductorl.
m

copper and aluminum

attack copper. Thus, it is best to install, wherewr possible, the aluminum conductors abow the copper
conductor. This will pree the washina of copper salts o w the aluminum.

In the case of an underhunrcopper switch pad, it is recommended that a copper bar extension Rrst be
W e d dlrectlyto the pad. This can be foilowed by direclly bokiog a massie aluminum connector property
Arebrushed and an appropriatejoint compound applied to the upper sudace of the bar extension. This
installation procedure m i d 8 the positioning of the aluminum terminal beneath the copper switch pad.

Another comnon aluminumbcopper oonnecb is an aluminum con&ctor janed b a copper sW. Such a
connectim can be madesalisfactuiiy by dire* joiring a massk aluminun connector, wire-brushed and
an appropriate joint compound applied to the copper stud.

53 SILVER-PLATEDALUMINUMCONNECTORS
Sikr-plated aluminum conmcbrs should not be used on unplated alunSnum bus.

54 WEDED CONNECTIONS
It is recommended that a wlder qualified for the material perfnrm the wlding. Prior to wlding, i t is
recommended that a test w l d be made on a typical aluminum casting (see 2.10).

55 TONGUE MOUNTING FASTENERS

Where an aluminun wnnedor is used fPr makinga connedin to a copper pad, tin-plated silicon-bronze or
stainless s h l bolts, nut and washers are suggested. Fasteners of other suitable materials may also be
used p d d e d they meet the intent of the fnwoing paragraph, 5.2, concerning galwnic comion. With
steel or silicone brom hardware, spriw-type (Bellecille) washers should be used to compensate for the
dilkrent thermal c d i c k n t of expnsim betwen dissimilar metals and the flow of aluminum. Aluminum

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hardwarn is not recomnended in a copper comectin under corrosiw condtions due to the &ct of copper
salts on the underside of the connection.

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Section 6
MARKING REQUIREMENTS

The following minimum amount of information shall be gien on all electric power connectors:
a. Manufacturer's designation.
b. Nominalsizeorrangeofsizesoftheconducbrswithwhichtheconnectorisirrtendedto
be used.

6.2 MARKING OF C O N N m R S I E S
The size of an elechic p m connector shall be marked in t e r n of the size, or other sizes of conductors
that the connectoraccommodates. The size ofconductors shall be gien in the following units:
6.2.1 For WIm and Cable Conductom
6.2.1.1 American Wire Gauge ( A m or thousands of circular mils (kunil) . Reference is also made to
the equiwlent metric (rnm2) sizes for AWG or kcmil series conductors.

6 . 2 . Metric or mm2size

6.2.2 ForTubing
6.2.21 Nominal Pipe Size
extra heay (EHPS or SCH 80) sizes, except for expansion or internal connectors. The connector
marked NPS or IPS indicatesthat it is designed to accommodate both SPS (SCH 40) and EHPS (SCH
80). Special marking is required if the connector is limited to SPS (SCH 40) or EHPS (SCH 80) only

6.2.22 In nominal metric pipe size.

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Annex A
METHODS OF MEASUREMENT OF RADIO INFLUENCE VOLTAGE (RN)
OF HIGH WLTffiE APPARATUS

(Formerly NEMA Standards Publication No. 107-1987 (1993) )

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD .......................................................................................................... 23
Scope................................................................................................................. 2 4
Sectlon 1 REFERPlCED STANDARDS AND DEFIMllONS .................................................... 2 5
Sectlon 2 GENBAL TEST CONUllONS ................................................................................. 27
SecUon3 IABURATORYANDFACTORYRRITESTS+I.OlS TO 30MEGAHERTZ..................... 31
Section4 FlELDMEASURUllENTSOFW.015TO30 ......................................................... 34
Sectlon 5 HIGH-VDLTEETESTURCUT 001rRONENTS ....................................................... 35

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FOREWORD

This standard slpemedes and is an extensiw d s i o n of NEMA Stmdards Publication No. 107-
1- (R 1971,1976, 1981), M 3 f h o d s o f ~ u # m e n tOfRadio Influence Volfage (Rw obH@bW&p
Appa~us.

Users of this NEMA Standards P & l M i n are adusedthat radio influencew l t q e (RRI)
measurements are not meant to be similar to corona measurementsewn though the saurce phenomena
may be the same.

In the preparation of this Standards Publidon, input of users and other int- parties has
been sought and d u a t e d . Inquiries, m e r t s , and prop- or recomnded d s i o n s should be
submitted to the concerned N E W subdiusion by conlactingthe:

Manager, Engineering Department

National Electrical Manufacturers Association
2101 L Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20037

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This standard c m r s the methods of measurementof radio irrfluenoeunltage inthe frequency rage
of 0.015 to 30 megahertzthat may be associatedwith high-mltw power apparatus used on transmission
and distribution systems at line wltages of 0.6 kibwlts and a b m .
The decisionas bwhether this standard applim b a spedfic test sample may be &mined from
the specifidions w standardswhich apply to the equipmert in question.

The radio influenceWage which is of prindpal comm in ttis standard is t M wltage appeariy at
the terminals of test samples, or on conducbrs of p w r systems, which M s the coordination w n
powr and communicatim drab. bpEable Iowlewl radii irfluenoew l t q e measuredon the termimls of
powr equipment may not alTect the coordination behrreen powr systems and comnunicatim arc~ik,but,
may be of concern inthe Ibof the equipments internal insublion.

Because ofthe lsrge atage range and, consequently, the large chatqe in dimensions of high
M a g e test eqlipment, it is not feasibleto define a sinde stamlard highwltagetest drwit The general fprm
of the test arcuit is defined, and nominal limits are placed on conponerrts of the amit In order that unifprm
and significant radio irAuencew l t q e measurnmenis may be made, it is neoessary t k t ihe test drwib be
accurately calbrakd as desuibed in this standard By mars oft hi dibtabin, the effedsof circlit dements
and stmy circ* consbnts ofthe t ~cimit t a~ t a k n into eonsider;rtion.

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Sectlon 1
REFERENCED STANDARDS AND DEFINITIONS
1.1 REFERENCED STANDARDS

The folioing publications are adopted, in h o l e or in part as indicated, by referenae in

this standards publication.

Amerlcan Natlonal Standards lnstltute (ANSI)

1430 Broadway,
New York, NY 10018

ANSI C63.2-1980 American National Standard, Spedcatims i b EledhmgnefEeNois a d

FkM-- i n ~ t ~ ~ ~to IMGHzh , l ~

ANSlC63.4-1981 AmricanNationalStandard,Methodof~asravementofEmi~sbnsfmm
Low V o h EAecthI
~ andEie&mk Equipment in the Raw of 10kM fu 1
Gm

lowing definitions apply s p e c l c a l ~ . - m

ddditio$d"e%itions see ANSlllEEE 100-1984.
NEMA Standard 527-1987.

1I Radio Noiise

1.2.1. IBROAD-BAND RADIO NOISE

Radio naise hAng a spectnrm which is broad comparedwith the nominal bandwidth of the radio-
noise meter.
NEMA Standard 527-1987.

1.2.1.2 IMPULSIVE RADIO NOISE

Radio naise characterized by non+lapping t mnsient disturbances.This indudes m n a and

other high-vnltage disckges.
NEMA S t d a r d 527-1987.

The wltage that appears on the conductors of electric equipmerrt or cirwits, as measuredwith a
standard radianoise meter used as a 2-terminal wltmetw in accordance with the methods desui bed
herein.
NEMA Standard 527-1987.

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1.2.2.1 Clmult RIV F m ( P )

The ratio of the wltage at the terminals of the radio-noisemeter (Ed to the signal generator
wttage (Ed. Thus, EJE, = P.
NEMA Standard 527-1987.

Tests that can be made in a factory or outdmr area, using a calibrated high-wltagetest circuit,
with the test sanple enerFjzed at its rated test mltage so thd oped- conditions are simulated.
NEMA Standard 527-1987.

Tests which can be made (usually in an outdoor area) on energized w r sysbrn equipmnt or
lines, using a high-wltage coupling capadtor and the c h i b y descrbed herein.
NEMA Standsrd 527-1987.

'J

Tests that aE
enclosure, using a callaraw high-wltage test circuit and a filtered p h r supply, withihe test sample
energized so that
NEMA Standard 5-27-1 987.
1
1
lewl. Test samples shall be pemitw to indude any power system equipment, such as insubto
bushings, t ransformet's, w i t w e a r , conductors, and so forth.
4
The equipment (unit, component assembly or system) which is to be tested to determine the R

NEMA Standard 527-1 987-

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Section 2
GENERAL TEST CONDITIONS
TEST AREA

For labomtoy, M o y , or Ield tests,the test area shdl be of a slitable size to maintain adequate ckmnces
so that the electtic Ield arocnd the test sample is not distorted. See F i i 2-1.
NEMASQnctard527-1987.

HIGH-VOLTAGE BUS
TO HIGH-VOLTAGE
TEST TRANSFORMER
t
RADIO FREQUENCY
CHORE

I I
I

t
HIGH-VOLTAGE
CWPUNG CAPACITOR

GROUND PLANE

Figure 21
Setup of High-VoHage RW Test Cimit

It is desirable that the ambient W led at each measlrement frequency be measued fb tehence
puposes at the requred test mttage vAth the test sample d i s m e d . Where an allcwakle RNlimit is specikd in the
a p p l i i speckahon or standad, it is usually desirable that the ambient W le\el be at least 6 decibels belw (one
the specrCed limit.
A u h k e d Ergiwng hbmakn6n-1987.

2.1.2 Calibration Accuracy

E\idenceshallbegi\en thatthecdibrationsdthemeasuing instnmenkusedareaccuatebrthe

ternperatue atwch they are used. Futher, the test sample, r a d i i s e meters, indiing &ices and eqipment
shall be at the test location fb a suRcient time prior to making calibrations and rneaslrements to dlw the ternpemtue
of theequpment to become stabilizedvith tespect to the tempdue of the testing location.
NEMAStandard 6-27-1987.

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2.1.4 Ternpedure

TESTSAMPLE S m P

2.2.1 RIV ~ e svoltage

t
all be as stated in the indrudual eq~ipmerdspxkat!on or standard. .a
NEMAStardard 5-27-1987.

Condttlonina of

-
b t sa
canbeobGn*~1ontkspecinenpiwto~rgmeas~.

1
2.2.3
1 1
Test Srr mple GroudRg

2.2.4 Test Sample Leads

2.3 1NSTRUNENTATK)NAND MEASUREMENTS

2.3.1 RIV Impulses

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2.3.2 Radio-Nob m r Calibration

Calibrations and adjuslmerrts shal be ma& as spedfied in the i n s t d o n manual for the radio-
noise meter.
NEMA Standard 527-1987

2.3.3 Debctor Furdon S e w o n

The detector firnction seledor switch shdl be set to the quasi-mk position on the radio-noise
meter.
NEMA Standard 527-1987

When it is desied to identify the character of the RW, measuremen9should be monitored using
either a headset, IwcCspakr, or asdlloscope. Precalrtions should be herken to dermine whether these
M c e s a w t the radiorwrise meter i n d i d o m during measurements.
Authorized Engimriw lrrfprmationW-1W

R a d i o interference studies ha^ indicated that ~frad~oinfluence wltages are generaled by power
system apparatus, readings can be obtained at 1 megakrk, t k appoximate midpoint of the AM broadcast
band. Because of ths, radio influence t s t s at the singk frequency of 1 megaherlz can be considered to
produce representalk test results. and tests on high-voltage powr system a ~ a r a t u smay tp carried out at
this single frequency. . -
- -

2.3.6 Othc?rMeasurement Frequencie:

0.0f5 to 30 megahertz, t b t&frequenues g i ~ tn

For tesfs te;qulringmeasumrrts iMi~ n Table
2-1 a= recommended.
Authorbed mi&
rrg lnfprmatin5-27-1987

Table 24
MEGAHERTZ

2.3.7 Not Llsted Freqwndes

Other hquencies which ate not listed for measurement in Table 2-1 can be scmned whle
monitoring wilh a headset or spedrer. ifany indicated peab occur during scanning, m u r e m r t s should
be taken at each tequemy where such a peak ocwrs. If an unwanted radiosignal is encornered at any of
the listedfrequencies, another frequency on either side of the signal shodd be substitued.
ALlthorhed h&matiar M-IW

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2.4 ACCEPTABLE RIV TEST LEVEL

The RRI 1- of a test sample shall be considered a m b l e as long as the measured RW l m l ,

which include both Ihe test a m ambient and test sample RRI, is belanr the limit specmed in the applicable
test sample specificationstandard.
NEMA Standard 527-1987

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Section 3
LABORATORY AND FACTORY RIV TESTS-0.015 TO 30 MEGAHERTZ

3.1 TEST Cl RCUlT

For laboratory and factory RIV tests, the circuit shown in Figure 3-1 shall be used. Because of
the wide frequency range to be cowed by this test circuit and the wriable attenuation factors which
will occur due to stray circuit constants (see C, and CS,stray capacitances, and the series
inductance, LJ, the circuit shall be calibrated for each frequency at which R N measurements are
made. Below 1.0 megahertz where the reactance of the high-wltage coupling capacitor, C, is
generally high, a wriable inductor (circuit element L,) which is capable of producing series resonance
in the high-wltage measuring circuit at the test frequency shall be introduced.
NEMA Standard 5-27-1987

See Paragraph(s)

B High-voltage bus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5.10

..
Ls Bus inductance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5.10
..
C High-voltage coupling capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.7.1, 5.7.2
C, and C2 Stray capacitance of test circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.10
F Power line filter.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.3
L Radio-frequency choke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5.6
L, Variable inductor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5.8 .
S, Series shorting switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..5 . 9
T High-voltage test transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.5.
V Variable voltage soune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.4 ..
Point ab Position of test sample or calibrating signal generator. .....3.2.1., 1.2.2.1

Figure 3-1
Circuit for the Measurement of Radio-Influence Voltage of
High-Voltage Apparatus, 0.015 to 30 Megahertz

TEST CIRCUIT CAUBRAllON

High Voltage Apparatus

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The Figure 3-1 circuit shall be calibrated by applying at points " a " and "b,"with the test
specimen not connected; the unmodulated sine waw output of a signal generator tuned to the desired
test frequency. The output of this signal generator shall be set to a lewl at least ten times the ambient
noise lewl which is measured by the radio-noise meter when tuned to the output of the signal
generator. If tests are to be made at or aboe 1.0 megahertz, switch S1shall be closed. For tests
below 1.0 megahertz, switch S1shall be open and mriable inductance Ll, mried until a maximum
signal is obtained on the radio-noise meter. The inductance of L, shall be held constant while the
wltages E, (signal generator wltage at point ab) and E, (wltage at the radio-noise meter terminals,
point cd) are measured.
NEMA Standard 5-27-1987

3.2.2 Energized Power System

The Figure 3-2 circuit shall be calibrated by applying at points "a" and "b," with point "a" not
connected to the power conductor "PC," the unmodulated sine waw output of a signal generator
tuned to the desired test frequency. The signal generator output and other calibration provisions shall
be the same as outlined in 3.2.1.
NEMA Standard 5-27-1987

I - I s'ee subfigurcs 3-33-d lor

MeterlCable Diagrams 1 I-
Description See Paragreph(s)

C High-voltage coupling capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.7.1,5.7.2

L, Variable inductor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.8
PC Power system conductor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.7.11
S, Series shorting switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.9
S2 Capacitor grounding switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Point ab Position of calibrating signal, switch S2 open,
point "a" not connected to PC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..3.2.2,
12 2 . 1

Figure 3-2
Circuit for the Measurement of Radio-Influence
Voltage from an Energized Power System

3.2.3 Voltage Measurement

Calibrating wltages may be measured by either a high-frequency electronic wltmeter and

oscilloscope or the radio-noise meter " M " when used as a 2-terminal wltmeter.
Authorized Engineering Information5-27-1987

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Both calibratiq wltages (E* and Edshall be measured by the same instrument so that
emr is minimized. The coaxial cable, CA, of the length to be used fpr RRI measurements shall be in
the circuit when the test circuit calibration is made.
NEMA Standard 527-1987

The circuit RRI factor (P) should be held a b m 0.25 at midband at approximately 1
megahertz. The circuit RRI Factor (P) fPr other test frequencies betwen 0.03 and 5 megahertz
should preferably be held greater than 0.2.
Authorized Engineering lnfprmation 5-27-1987

3.2.6 RIV F eC m

Since this factor (P) will wry with frequency, a curue of the RRI hctor can beobtained fnr the
test circuit. The calibration c u m so obtained may not be wlid if the circuit components or the circuit
corrfiguration is changed.

- .
Authorized Engineering lnfprmation 5-27-1987
' M n E R REAMNG
0
t-ni er
leaulnas shallbebade in the manner described in 2.3. lT- leading'so obtained shall then be

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Section 4
FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF RIV 0.015 TO 30

For the measurements of RRIfrom the conductors and apparatus of an energized m r system,
the measuring circuit shown in Figure 3-2 may be used. Extrem care s h d d be taken to i n s m that the
application of this rneasurirlg circut to the p w r system does not irterfere with the normal operatian of the
circuit and that proper grounding of the lowwttage mwuring amit is carried out so that the equipmert
and the operators are not endangered.
Authorized Engineering Information5-27-1987

The measuring circuit may be caCbrated in accordanoe with 3.1 b e f n the

~ highwltage cwplig
capacitor is conned-edto the p w r system. In caving out this field calbration, precautions should be
taken to insure that radio inlluencelields and conduded inlluencewitages (RIF and RIV) from the p o w r
system do not affect the mlibration.
Authorized Engineering lnfprmation 5-27-1987

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Sectlon 5
HIGH-VOLTME TEST-CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
GENERAL

The fnllowing components refier to items which are associated with the highwltage RRI test
circuits indicated schematically in Figum 3-1, 32, and S3,and illustrated in Figure 2-1.
Authorized Engineering Information 5-27-1987

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R 1 = 50 O h Interne1M* lnpedance
R3 = 100 Ohm No~Ind&a Resrstor
L3 = 60 Hz Drain Coil (Impadance at Test Frequency
greeter than 1500 Ohm)
CA = 50 O h Cabla lmpadancs
Fy)ure3- 50 Ohm Coax Cable, 50 Ohm Impedance RIV Meter

R, = 50 O h Intamel MacK lnpedance

RZ = 25 O h Non-Inductive Resistor
R3 = 75 O h Non-lnducfivs Resistor
L3 = 60 Hz Drain Coil (Impedsncaat Tesf Fmquency
greeter than 1500 O h )
CA = 75 O h Cable Impedance
Five 3 3 b 75 Ohm Coax Cable, 50 Ohm Impedance RIV Meter

R, = 50 O h Internal M&er lnpedance

R4 = 50 O h Nmlnductiva Resistor
Z = 18Y5O Ohm Matching Impedance 8ndbrAltenuate
L3 = 60 Hz Drain Coil (lmpedsnceat Test Frequency
m e r than 1500 Ohm)
CA = 185 Ohm Cable tmpedance
Rgure 3-3d 185 Ohm Coax Cable, 50 Ohm Impedance RIV Meter

Item See Para~eph(s)

CA Coaxial cable. .......................................5.15

G P r o t d e gap. ..................................... .5.14
L3 60Hzdraincoil ....................................... 5.17
M Radionoise meter. ...................................2.3
.
R, R2. R3, R4 Non-indudwe resistors ........................... .5.12
Z 185/50 Ohm matching impedance andlor attenuator.. ........
.5.13
Point ab RIV measurement point or place at wtich & is measured ....
.3.2.4., 1.22.1

Figure 3 3
Circuit Diagramsfor Use of 50, 75, and 185-Ohm
Coaxial Cable in Conjunction with Figure 3-1 and 3-2

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604ERTZ VOLTAGE SOURCE

The p o w r supply for the high-wltage test circuit shall ha= a kVA rating which is suAicient to
supply a 60+lertz sine waw vnltage of acceptable commercial standard as defined in ANSI C50.10.
NEMA Standard 527-1987

POWER LINE F I L m(F)

The p o w r line filter, when employed, shall not distort the supply wltage. It shall suppress
any RRI which may be on the p m r mains so that the conditions giwn in 2.1.1 will be met.
NEMA Standard 527-1987

VARIABLE VOLTAGE (V)

A wriable and undistorted -age shall be supplied to the prirnay of the tighwltage k t
transformer.
NEMA Standard 5-n-1987

HIGH-VOLTAGETESTTRANSWRMER (T)

The high--age test transformer should be h e of RW within the mltage range at which
tests aw to k-made
r -

ation 5-27-1987
5.6 RADIO-FREQUENCY C H O E (L
1'
MA radio-frequency choke dih an impedance less than '1W0 dhms at ihe&asu&ma$t
frequency shall be installed at or near the top of the high~wltage8c~upllng capa&ar*=s elmwit
shall limit the loss of conducted radiefrequency energy forthe t ~ t - ~ m p T e m d s hbefree
# of@v-
within the wltage range nf the test cimue.
I, m I NEMA,&andard
57 HIGH-VOLTAE COUPLING CAPACTTOR (C)

The highdage coupling capacitor of the required wltage rating shall befree of RW within
the wltage range of the test circuit.
NEMA Standard 527-1987

A coupling capacitor of small capacitance will d m a minimum cumnt, but at the Iowr test
frequencies it will appear as an excessiwiy high reactiw element and produce a Iw RRI factor (P)
as described in Section 3. It is wcommended that the capacitance be not less than 0.001 microfarad.
The capacitance CPom the bottom end of the coupling capacitor to ground should be kept small so
that this capacitance will not appreciably reduce the impedance of 150 ohms obtained from the
metering system (Figum 3-3).
Authorized Engineering Information5-27-1987

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VARIABLE lNDUCTOR (L1)

A wriable inductor or inductors shall be used at the l o w r test frequencies (below 1

megahertz) to balance out the capacitie reactance of the high-mltage coupling capacitor, C.
NEMA Standard 527-1987

S W W SHORTlNGSWrrCH (53

A series shorting switch shall be applied across wriable inductor L1, when is used, to short
out the inductor during RRI t a t s at 1.0 megahertz and a b m .
NEMA Standard 5-27-1987

HIGH-VOLTAGE BUS (B)

A corona-free bus shall be connected from the high-wltage coupling capacitor to the test
sample. This bus shall be supported by a minimum number of RN-free insulators to minimize stray
capacitance (C2)to ground and shall be as short as possible to minimize series inductance (LJ.
NEMA Standard 5-27-1987
CONDUCTOR DIAM€IER

T h e smooth conductor diameter for a corona-free bus for mltages up to 400 @b\rol&may be
obtained by alloLling at least 0.01 inch of bus diameter per kilowlt of test wltage. A b v 400 kilomlts
bundled conductors may be preferred to sin& conductors. C

1851504HMMATCHING IMPEDANCEANOIOR ATENUATOR (a

A 185150-ohmmatching inpedanoeandlrx dienuator shal be behwa t k coaxhl meterim cable
and RRI meter-= a 185ahm cable is used with a low impedance RRI meter (See Figure 3 3 d).
Authorized Engineeri~gInformation=-I=

5.14 PROTECTIVE GAP (G)

~ ( b r e a m not to exceed 500 mHs) shdl be conmded a m circuit

A suitable p m W i \ gap
element L,(Figm 3-3 a 4 .
NEMA Standmi 527-1987

515 COAXIAL CABLE (CA)

50-, 79, and 1 8 5 4 m coaxialcab& cm be used p d d i n g the proper cable terminations at the
sending and receicig ends are utilbed. See Fiure 3 3 a d fpr the proper nodndmliw resistus or 185150-
ohm matching impedanceandlor atknuabr spedfidms. The cmial cable desigmm may be either R G
8, RG-11, or RG114
Authorized k g i n e e r i ~
lnfnrmation 527-1987

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COAXIAL CABLE LENGTH

Because of cable atteruation,it is m m n d e d that the cable length be kept as short as possble
in order to meet the circuit RRI factor (P) tecommndations.
Authorized Engineering Information 527-1987

A WHz drain coil with an impedance of not less than 1500 ohms at the measuremntkquency,
shall be in-stalled in the metering c i c ~ iacross
t gap (GI.For safiety masons, this unitshall be substantial in
size, and all eledhd connediom shall be made mechanicaly and elecbicaly secm.
NEMA Standard 5-27-1987

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Annex B
(IN FORMATIONAL)
CONDUCTOR CURRENT RATINGS

The %Hz c u m ratings of copper conductors haung a conductiuty of 98 percent lACS (International
Annealed Copper Standard) and copper tubing condudors sM I be in accordance with Tables B-1 and B-2.
Table 5 1
CURRENT (A) FOR BARE COPPER CABLE CONDUCTORS'

She of Conductors Current (A)

A M or k m l l Indoor Outdoor
Solld Conductor

NOTES
1. Table B-1 calculated according to ANSIIIEEE Std 738-2006.
2. The mlnlmundldance b-n condudomahall be 457 mm (1 8 In .), unlsm the proxlmlty eRed should be takn Into
conaderation.

8 CopyrigM 2009 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association.

 Table 5 2
CURRENT (A) FOR BARE COPPER TUBING CONDUCTORS'

Standard Pipe S i e Current (A)=

Indoor Outdoor
Trade 8be QR Schedule Schedule Schedule Schedule
In. In. mm 40 80 40 80
112 0.840 21.00 380 420 510 580
314 1.050 26.25 540 590 710 780
1 1.315 32.88 650 750 8!50 1010

I'

#
I

1
- 1 I
I1

upon WEMB~t$k*q w ~v7-I~~I-O.

Z Toe m h ' i m ~ W # ~ abWgnZt@
~p 1,,J&~UG@*.~F~IIbe w'p.m ,unle~tmpax~ty.qm~.stlqu~z
tsie
taken hdo wn&rfmfton~

B.1.1 Ampacity Raiing Basisfor Copper Conducto ;

1.1.1 Indoor ratings are calculatedfpr a 30°C rise a b m the ambient temperature of 40°C in still but
unconfined air.

81.1.2 Outdoor ratings ate gien for a wind elocity of 0.8 meters per second (2 R per second), an
ambient air temperature of 4oaC,a conductor tempemhe of 70'C (30nCrise), and emissiuty, e, equal to
0.35. Sun efkct was not taken into consideration because of the wide wriation depending upon the
location. The designer should recalculate these wlues to take sun effect into consideration once the
installation location is determined.

B.1.1.3 If higher current ratings are desired, connector test currents per 3.1.1 should be adjusted
accordingly.

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CURRENT RATINGS FOR ALUMINUM CONDUCTORS AND PIPECONDUCTORS

The 6UHz cumnt ratings of aluminm conductors or aluminun pipe cmdudors shdl be in accordancewith
Tables B-3 and B 4 .

Table 6 4
CURRENT (A) FOR BARE ALUMINUM CABLE CONDUCTORS'

Slze of Conductors current (A)&'

AWG or kcmll mmr Indoor Outdoor

So11d Conduetor
110 54 120 190
210 67 140 220
410 107 210 300
Sanded Conductor
110 54 130 200
210 67 150 230

NOTES
1. Table 8-3 calculated according to ANSlllEEE Std 738-2006.
2. Cumnt Ratlngsam based upon 57431% mndudlvlty IACS Cable.
3. The mlnlmum dldance b e w e n condudors ahall be 457 mm (18 In), unles the pmldmlty effect Is takn Into
conslderatlon.

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Table B4
CURRENT (A) FOR BARE ALUMINUM PIPE CONDUCTOM'

Standard Plpe Slze Current (A)*'

Indoor Outdoor
Trade Sbe 0.R Schedule Schedule Schedule
in. in. mm 40 80 40
112 .840 21.00 315 360 400
314 1.050 26.25 400 455 495
1 1.315 32.88 535 605 650
1-114 1.m 41.50 680 780 810
1-112 1.900 47.50 790 910 930
2 2.375 59.38 1000 1175 1155
2-112 2.875 71.88 1365 1570 1550
3 3.500 87.50 1670 1935 1895
9112 4.000 100.00 1945 2265 2170
4 4.500 112.50 2230 2805 2460
4112 5.001 127.03 2515 2W5 2750

1.
2.
d.
Thewrrentratings1nthistabIeaebased;u
m EMAStd8-16-195l,Re~.7-d3j&~
Current Ratlngsare based upon 53% condu' M f y ACS. Pipe orTubing available in Dth6k
table. See B.&Z below.
~ f i #mi
6 nlm urh &libti&'beWR~7&HuHdrs'a l l ,Msislm (Wqh'j, M e s s th'e.pr&h~lfy ahould b&t'&WlWd
arnddentim.

B.2.1 AmpaclQ RaUng W s for Alurnlnurn Conductors

B.2.1.1 Indoor ratings are calculatedfor a 30°C rise aboe the ambient temperature of 40°C in still, but
unconfined air.

82.1.2 Outdoor ratings are giwn fnr a wind #locity of 0.6 meters per second (2 It per second), an
ambient air temperature of 40mC,a conductor temperaim of 70'C @UmC rise), and emissiuty, e, equal to
0.35. Sun e k c t was not taken into consideration because of the wide wriation depending upon the
location. The designer shwld recalculate these wlues to take sun effect into consideration once the
installation location is determined.

82.1.3 if higher current ratings are desired, connector test cumnts per 3.1.1 should be adjusted
accordingly.

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82.2 Curmnt Ratlngsfor Dlfkmrrt Alurnlnum ConeLuctlvlty

For aluminum tubing with conductiuties other than 53014, the current ratings should be adjusted in
accordance with the fpllowing fprmula:

IWWW = ~ , ~ ( ~ o n d ~ # : toifvnew
i i y aiiofl. 53)"
I(Nw --Current Rating of New Alloy
,I 4 u m n t Rating of 53% alloy h m the table a b m

Example: To find the outdoor rating of 2 in., 6061-T6 Schedule 40 pipe.

I=)= 1155A
w
dnduct idty of8081 pipe = 43%

82.3 Curmnt Ratlw for Otherconductor Types

For other condudor lypes, such as ACSS and ACCC, Ihe current rating of that condudar sholld be used.

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Annex C
(NORMATIVE)
North American Dimensional Standards

C. 1. DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BOLT HOLES FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS

SHAPE

HOLE DIAMETER =
D +.062 f.032
1 - (1.6 f.8)
WHERE D STUD
DIAMETER

-
1-----1
Figure C-I - C-2
Fiqure
l HOLE NAL PAD HOLE lNEM
/

Figure C 3 Figure C 4
4HOLE NEMA PAD 4-HOLE WIDE NEMA PAD
(2 X 2 BOLT HOLE PATIERN) (2 X 2 BOLT HOLE PATIERN)

Figure C b Figure C-6

6HOLE NEMA PAD 6-HOLE WIDE NEMA PAD

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(2 X 3 BOLT HOLE PATERN) (2 X 3 BOLT HOLE PATERN)

2 X 3 BOLT HOLE PATIERI,

FOR MULTIPLE BLAT BAR TANGS

Figure C-8
TYPICAL SPACING FOR
MULTlPLE FLAT BAR TANGS

NOTES-
All dimensionsin inchesand (mm).
Fortongue dimensionsand drilling,see FiguresC-2 through G6.

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DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BUS SUPPORTS AND OFFSET PAD CONNECTORS

C.2.1 Height of Bussupport Clarnps(Fittings)
The distance from the centerline ofthe bus to the top of the insulator, as shown in Figure C-10, shall be in
accordance with Table C-I .
Table C-I
HEIGHT OF ALUMINUM AND COPPER BUS SUPPORT CLAMPS (FITTINGS)
(See Figure C-10
1 Standard Pipe Size Height
- of Conductor Centerline above the Insulator Top
Bolt Circle Diameter

1 F,","
in. in.
O.D.
rnrn in.
3 in. (76.2rnrn)
rnrn
5 and 7 in. (127.0 and 177.8 mrn)
in. rnrn
112 .840 21.00 *
1-314 1/16 *
44.4 1.6 *
2-118 1/16 *
54.0 1.6
314 1.050 26.25 2&1116 50.8 & 1.6 2-114 k 1/16 57.2 & 1.6
1 1.315 32.88 *
2 1/16 *
50.8 1.6 *
2-114 1/16 *
57.2 1.6
1-114 1.660 41.50 *
2-114 1/16 *
57.2 1.6 *
2-318 1/16 60.3k 1.6

Figure C-10
BUS SUPPORT CLAMP

C.2.2. Offset Pad Terminal Connectorsfor Tubular Bus

The distance from the centerline of the bus to the pad contact, as shown in Figures C-I 1 and C-12, shall be
in accordance with Table C-2.

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Table C-2
HEIGHT OF OFFSET PAD TERMINAL CONNECTORS FOR TUBULAR BUS
(See Figures C-11 and C-I 2)
Pipe Size Height f % in. (f13 mm)
Trade 0.D.
Bolted Connectors Welded Connectors
Size
in. in. mm in. mm in. mm
1I2 .840 21.OO 1-318 35 15116 24
314 1.050 26.25 1-318 35 1 25
1 1.315 32.88 1-318 35 1-118 29
1-114 1.660 41.50 1-112 38 1-114 32
1-112 1.900 47.50 1-518 41 1-112 38
2 2.375 59.38 1-314 44 1-314 44
2-112 2.875 71.88 2-118 54 2 54
3 3.500 87.50 2-318 60 2-318 60
3-112 4.000 100.00 2-518 67 2-518 67
4 4.500 112.50 3-118 79 2-718 73
5 5.563 125.03 3-314 95 3-318 86
6 6.625 165.63 4-318
-
-
111 4 102

.115
-(3.21-
MIN

PAD CONTACT SURFACE -

Figure C-11
BOLTED OFFSET PAD TERMINAL CONNECTOR

Figure C-12
WELDED OFFSET PAD TERMINAL CONNECTOR

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THREAD DlMPlSlONS FORSTUD TERMINAL CONNECTORS

Table C 4
STANDARD THREADS FOR STUD TERMINAL CONNECTORS

2-112 63.5 12 UN-2B

3 76.2 12 UN-2B
* For reference on1y

Table C 4 1
F U T WASHEWBOLT WMBlNATIQ
W h e r Blze A
inside,mmefer- O-Ie Dlamewr
M5lm Ma%
- Max-
-
In. mm In. mm In. mm
lw qQA3 TI4 6 I . 71a 222
-y14.2r
@I6
11116 117.41 1-112 38.1

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ANNEX D
(INFORMATIONAL)
BOLT HOLE SPACINGS AND PAD DIMENSIONS FOR OTHER COUNTRIES

Figure D-I

E2
BOLT HOLE PAITERN FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS

C
-As? D
Tab,. M f
t
l y
mm mm mm mm mm
40 82 45 16 48

Figure D-2
2 X 2 BOLT HOLE PAlTERN FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS

Table D-2
COUNTRY C D (min) E F K N
mm mm mm mm mm mm
France 76 80 45 45 16 16
Germany 100 100 50 50 14 25
Sweden 76 76 40 40 14 18

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Figure D 3
2 X 4 BOLT HOLE PAlTERN FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS

Table D 3

mm rnm - _,
mm - ,/mm- rnm

Figure D 4
3 X 3 BOLT HOLE PAlTERN FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS

Table D 4
COUNTRY C D (min) E F K N
mm mm mm mm mm mm
France 125 125 45 45 16 16
Sweden 120 120 40 40 14 20

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ANNEX E
(INFORMATIONAL)
COMMON TYPES OF SUBSTATION CONNECTORS

angle connector: A connector that joins two conductors end to end at a specified angle.

angle of a connector: The angle of a

connector is: a) In the case of an
angle connector,the deflected angle.
b) In the case of a branch connector,
the least angle between the branch
and the main conductor.

which the conta~

conductor and the

bussupport: A metal member, usually mountedon an

insulator, that slpports a bus conductor.

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combined "t" and straight connector ("t" coupler): A combined "T' and
straight connectorjoins two main conductors end toend and also joins a
--:::-I
+- =+---
- - --~= - ---
- ----

branch conductor to the mainconductors at an angle of 90 degrees.

conductor: A carrier of electric current that is constructed from conducting material.

connector: A device that joins two or more conductors for the purpose of providing a contitwous electrical
path.

cross connector: A comector that joins two

branch conductors to the main conchtor. The
branch conductors are oppositeto each other
and perpendicular to the main conductor.

hot-line clamp (live-line connector): A connector that is

designed so that it may be installedwhile the conductor is
energized.

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"L" connector: An A connector that joins two conductors end to end at

an angle of 90 degrees.

main conductor (run): A continuous conductor from which other

conductors branch.

pad (solid or laminated block) angle terminal connector: A

connector that joins a conductor to the terminal pad (solid or
laminated block) of electrical apparatus at a specified angle.

parallel connector: A connector that joins two parallel

conductors, which may owlap each other.

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pressed-tubular terminal connector: A terminal connector that is fabricated

or pressed from tubing.

pressure-type connector: A connector in which the pressure to fix the

connector to the electrical conductor is applied by integral screw, cone, or
other mechanical parts.

range-taking (multiize) connector: A connector that accommodates more

than one conductor size.

shrink-fit-type connector: A connector in which the contact between the conductor and the connector is
made by a shrink fit.

singledze connector: A connector that accommodates only one conductor size.

soldered-type connector: A connector in which the contact betweenthe conductor and the connector is
made by a soldered joint.

split-sleeve connector: A connector that is of split-skew form and is tinned for soldering.

straight adapterconnector (straight adapter): A connector that joins

two conductors of different shapes end to end in a straight line.

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straight connector: A connector that joins two lengths of condctor end

to end in a straight line.

straight coupler connector (coupler): A connector that joins two

conductors of equal sizes end to end in a straight line.

straight reducer connector (reducer): A connector that joins two

conductors of unequalsizes end to end in a straight line.

stud angle terminal connector: A connector that joins a conductor to

the round terminal stud of electrical apparatus at a specified angle.

that joins a conductor

electricd apparatus.

"T" connector: A branch connector that joins a branch conductor to the

main conductor at an angle of 90 degrees.

tang: That portion of a connector which is used to fasten a connector to a terminal pad.

tap conductor: A conductor that branches off from a main conductor.

terminal connector: A comector that joins a conductor to a lead, termind pad (solid or laminated block),
or round terminal stud of electrical apparatus.

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terminal pad: The flat conducting part of a device to which

a terminal connector is fastened.

threaded-type connector: A connector in which the contact between thecondctor and the connector is
made by pressure exerted on a threaded part.

twisted sleeve connector: A pardlelcomectw in which the contact between the conductors is obtained
by forming a spiral twist in the connector and conductors after they are assembled.

"V" connector: A connector that joins M o branch conductors to a main

conductor. The branch conductors are perpendicular to the main conductor and
ha= an included angle bebeen them of less than 180 degrees.

"Y' connector: A connector that joins two branch conductors to the main
conductor at an angle. The three conductors are in the same plane.

weld-type connector: A connector in M c h the

contact between the conductor and the
connector is made by welditg.
weld WeM

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