SYNOPSIS

Bidirectional Visitor Counter with Automatic Light

and Fan Control using Arduino

Submitted by

DIMPAL CHOUDHARY SAKSHI CHALAK MANSI PATIL

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Dhole Patil College of Engineering, Pune
Savitribai Phule Pune University
2024-2025
 ABSTRACT

This project presents the design and implementation of an Automatic Room Light and Fan
Controller with a Bidirectional Visitor Counter. The system is designed to improve energy
efficiency by automating the control of electrical appliances based on real-time room
occupancy. Using a pair of infrared (IR) sensors at the entrance, the system counts the
number of people entering and exiting the room. A microcontroller processes the sensor
inputs and updates a counter to track the occupancy. Lights and fans are automatically turned
ON when the room is occupied and turned OFF when it is vacant. The current occupancy
count is displayed on a digital screen, providing a clear visual indication. This project is
costeffective, energy-efficient, and scalable, making it suitable for applications in homes,
offices, classrooms, and other indoor spaces where automated control and energy
conservation are essential.

The automatic visitors counter a reliable circuit that takes over the task of counting number
of persons / visitors in the room very accurately and beeps a warning alarm when the number
of visitors exceeds the capacity limit of the auditorium/hall. When somebody enters the room
then the counter is incremented by one (+1) and when any one leaves the room then the
counter is decremented by one (-1). The total number of persons inside the room is also
displayed on the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). The microcontroller is used for detecting an
entry or exit action and computing the figures (addition and subtraction) to acquire accurate
results. It receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is operated under the control
of embedded programming code which is stored in ROM of the microcontroller. The
microcontroller continuously monitors the Infrared Receivers. When any object pass through
the IR Receiver's then the IR Rays falling on the receivers are obstructed.
INTRODUCTION

This project will help you to create a Bidirectional visitor counter and automatic light control
system using an Arduino. This project is based on a pair of IR (infrared) sensors that detect
an obstruction when there is an interrupt. Actually, the system can detect visitors from both
directions. Basically, the number of visitors entering and also the number of visitors
leaving.

This Arduino based Bidirectional Visitor Counter can calculate the number of individuals
entering the project room, shopping center, office, entrance works. we can also use it at the
gates of parking areas and other public places. The device calculates the total number of
individuals entering through the gate and also the total number of individuals leaving through
the same gate. At the same time, it calculates the total number of individuals currently in
the room. When nobody is in the room, the total number of people is 0 (zero), then the light
in the room is automatically turned “OFF“. When a single person is found inside the room,
the lights again turn “ON“. We automated the lighting control system based on the presence
of visitors.

We built an IoT based system which can automatically switch ON room lights and fan when
at least one person is present in the room. If room is empty, the lights and fan will
automatically get switch off. It also displays count of persons present in the room.We build
this system using Arduino and IR sensor module.

SCOPE OF PROJECT

• Energy Conservation
• Automation and Efficiency
• Wide Applicability
• Scalability and Integration
• Cost-effectiveness.
• Educational and Developmental Potential
• Environmental Impact
SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

Arduino Uno:

Acts as the central processing unit of the system. It reads data from sensors, processes
it, and controls the relay and display based on logic. Arduino UNO or Nano is typically
used due to its ease of programming, sufficient I/O pins, and compatibility with sensors
and displays.

Infrared (IR) Sensors:

Detect the motion of individuals entering or exiting the room. Each sensor emits an
infrared light that reflects off objects. The reflected light is detected by the
photodiode, signaling the presence of an object (or person). Two sensors are
positioned at the entrance. They work in pairs to determine the direction of motion. If
Sensor 1 is triggered first, it's an "entry."

Relay Module:

Acts as a switch to control high-power devices like lights and fans. Allows the
lowpower microcontroller to control high-voltage electrical appliances safely. Isolates
the microcontroller's circuit from the high-voltage circuit. When a control signal (5V)
is received from the microcontroller, the relay activates and completes the circuit for
the appliance.
Display Module:
Displays the number of people currently in the room. o 16x2 LCD:- Can display text
and numbers. Useful for additional information, such as "Room Occupied" or
"Vacant."

LED Lights and Fans:

Provide lighting and ventilation in the room. These appliances are controlled
automatically based on room occupancy.

Power Supply:
Provides power to all components of the system. Separate power supplies may be
required for the microcontroller, relays, and appliances. 5V DC: For the
microcontroller, IR sensors, and display module.

Jumper Wires:
Connect components on a breadboard or PCB.

Breadboard/PCB:
Breadboards are used for prototyping, while PCBs provide a more permanent and
reliable setup.
APPLICATION:

• Use in Seminar hall to count the People

• Use in Conference hall to count the people

• Can be also used in school and college classes

• can also be used in parking

PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS:

HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

• Arduino Nano • IR Sensor

• OLED Display

• Relay Module

• Jumper Wires

• Breadboard

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

• ARDUINO IDE(PROGRAMMING)
SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Block diagram of Bidirectional Visitor Counter

FUTURE SCOPE:
• Multi-Room or Large-Scale Integration :- Develop a system to manage multiple
rooms or an entire building from a single hub.
• Send notifications when a room is left occupied but unattended for a long time.
• Include dimmable LEDs and variable-speed fan controllers.
REFERENCES:

Highly Accurate Real-Time Human Counter with Minimum Cost

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9392459

Automated People Counting System

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10617353

Field Study of Internet of Things-Based Solutions for Automatic Passenger Counting

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8784355/9312708/09570777.pdf

APC: Automatic Passenger Counting and Seat Occupancy Detection Using 3D LiDAR and
RGB Cameras
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10370009

Automatic Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter

https://www.researchtrend.net/ijet/pdf/44-S-837.pdf

Bidirectional Visitor Counter with Security System and Automated Room Light Controller
https://ijisrt.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Bidirectional-Visitor-Counter-with-security-
system-and-Automated-Room-Light-Controller-1-1.pdf