Light

Note : In the assessment write only the question and answers only without the options

Topic : Reflection of Light

LO: To illustrate the reflection of light by a plane mirror
Pre- Test
Vocabulary
Incident ray
Reflected ray
Normal
Angle of incidence
Angle of reflection

Assessment
1. What is the angle of incidence?
Ans: (write your answer)

SDG 7 – Affordable and Clean energy

Topic : Laws of Reflection

Pre - test
1. Angle between incident ray and the normal is called ___________
2. The angle that the reflected ray makes with the normal at the point of incidence is called -
_______________
Laws of reflection
 Task

Assessment (write only question and answer)

1. In a reflection scenario, if the angle of incidence is 30°, what is the angle of reflection?
A) 30° B) 60° C) 45° D) 90°
2. In which of the following situations does the law of reflection apply?
A) Light passing through a lens B) Sound waves hitting a wall
C) Light bouncing off a smooth surface
3. What is the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection?
A) They are always equal. B) The angle of incidence is double the angle of reflection.
C) The angle of incidence is half the angle of reflection. D) They are unrelated
Characteristics of image formed by a plane mirror
Lo: To explain the characteristics of image formed by a plane mirror
To apply the laws of reflection to locate the image formed by a plane mirror

Formation of image on the plane mirror

When object is a point source of light

When object is an extended source of light

 Assessment
1. Rahul’s height is 1.8m .He stands in front a large vertical plane mirror. If the distance between the
image formed by the mirror and Rahul is 6m, then how far is Rahul standing from the mirror?
Ans) _________

Topic: Multiple Images

LO: To analyze the multiple images formed by two plane mirrors

Number of images formed by two plane mirror when they are inclined to each other

Task

sl Angle between the mirrors No. of images

no
1 90
2 60
3 0
4 180
Assessment
When you see through a kaleidoscope you see several patterns in the tube. What causes the kaleidoscope to
form these patterns
Ans) (write your own answer )

Dispersion of light
LO:To demonstrate dispersion of light by a prism

When white light passes through a

glass prism, it splits into its
spectrum of colors (violet, indigo,
blue, green, yellow, orange, and
red). This splitting of white light
into its constituent colors is called
dispersion.

Assessment
1. What is the process of splitting light into colors called?
a) Reflection
b) Dispersion
 c) Absorption
d) Scattering
2. What is the order of colors in the spectrum of light?
a) Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
b) Violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red
c) Green, yellow, red, violet, blue, orange, indigo
d) Red, yellow, orange, green, blue, violet, indigo
3. Why does dispersion happen?
a) Different colors of light refract at different angles
b) Light gets absorbed by the prism
c) Colors mix inside the prism
d) Light bends equally for all colors

TOPIC : HUMAN EYE (Draw the diagram )

Parts of the Human Eye and Their Functions

1. Cornea
o The transparent, dome-shaped outermost layer at the front of the eye.
o Function: Focuses light entering the eye.
2. Iris
o The colored part of the eye surrounding the pupil.
o Function: Controls the size of the pupil, regulating the amount of light entering the eye.
3. Pupil
o The black circular opening in the center of the iris.
o Function: Allows light to enter the eye.
4. Lens
o A transparent, flexible structure located behind the iris and pupil.
o Function: Focuses light onto the retina for clear vision.
5. Retina
o A thin layer of light-sensitive cells lining the back of the eye.
o Function: Converts light into electrical signals sent to the brain via the optic nerve.
6. Optic Nerve
o A bundle of nerve fibers at the back of the eye.
o Function: Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
7. Sclera
o The tough, white outer layer of the eye.
o Function: Protects and maintains the shape of the eye.
 8. Choroid
o A layer between the retina and sclera containing blood vessels.
o Function: Supplies nutrients and oxygen to the eye.
9. Vitreous Humor
o A clear, jelly-like substance filling the space between the lens and retina.
o Function: Maintains the eye’s shape and allows light to pass through to the retina.
10. Aqueous Humor
o A clear fluid in the space between the cornea and lens.
o Function: Provides nutrients to the cornea and lens and maintains intraocular pressure.

These parts work together to capture light, focus it, and transmit signals to the brain, enabling us to see.

Assessment

Which part of the eye controls the amount of light that enters?

 a) Cornea
 b) Retina
 c) Iris
 d) Lens

Which part of the eye is responsible for converting light into electrical signals?

 a) Iris
 b) Retina
 c) Pupil
 d) Optic nerve

The colored part of the eye that surrounds the pupil is called the:

 a) Retina
 b) Sclera
 c) Iris

Working of the Human Eye

1. Light Entry:
Light enters the eye through the transparent cornea, which bends the light and begins focusing it.
2. Control of Light:
The light passes through the pupil, whose size is regulated by the iris. The iris expands or contracts to control
the amount of light entering the eye.
3. Focusing the Light:
The lens, located behind the pupil, adjusts its shape to focus the light rays onto the retina. This process is called
accommodation.
4. Image Formation:
The retina, lined with light-sensitive cells (rods and cones), captures the light and converts it into electrical
signals. Rods help in dim light, while cones detect colors.
5. Signal Transmission:
The optic nerve carries these electrical signals from the retina to the brain.
6. Image Interpretation:
The brain processes the signals to form a clear, upright image, allowing us to see.

This entire process occurs instantly, enabling us to perceive the world around us in real-time.
Power of Accommodation

The power of accommodation is the eye's ability to adjust the focus to see objects at different distances. This happens
because the ciliary muscles change the shape of the lens:

 For Distant Objects: The ciliary muscles relax, making the lens thin, so distant objects can be seen clearly.
 For Nearby Objects: The ciliary muscles contract, making the lens thick, so nearby objects can be seen clearly.

Assessment

What does the power of accommodation in the eye refer to?

 a) The ability to adjust the size of the pupil

 b) The ability to change the shape of the lens to focus on objects at different distances
 c) The ability to detect colors
 d) The ability to detect light intensity

What is the condition called when a person has difficulty seeing distant objects clearly?

 a) Hyperopia
 b) Myopia (short-sight)
 c) Astigmatism
 d) Presbyopia

Which defect of vision causes difficulty in seeing nearby objects clearly?

 a) Myopia (short-sight)
 b) Hyperopia (long-sight)
 c) Astigmatism

Learning materials ( Write highlighted questions only in the notebook, Copy questions from textbook)