West Bengal – 2017

Grade 12
Physics

Total time: 3 hours Total marks: 70

Instructions to the candidates:

i. You are required to comply with the directions given by the
head invigilator at the examination venue.
ii. Your student id card must be visible on your desk during the
entire examination.
iii. Marks will be deducted for bad hand writing.

Group A
Section -1

1. Choose the correct alternate: (1x14=14)

(i) Radio wave to fixed amplitude can be produced by
a. using filter b. using rectifier c. using FET D. using
oscillator
Answer: D
Explanation: An Oscillator generates a source of repetitive EM
Signal across its output terminals without needing any input. The
signal generated by the oscillator of constant amplitude.

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

(ii) For a transistor if β =100 then α will be
a. 0.99 b.1.01 c.100 d.0.01
Answer: A
Explanation: Relation between α and β is α=β/β+1
β=100 ,then according to relation 100/100+1= 0.99
(iii) A radioactive element emit 2 α particles and 3 β particles the
values of atomic number (Z) and mass number (A) of the new
element will be
a. (A+5), (Z-1) b. (A-5), (Z+1) c. (A-8), (Z-1) d. (A-8), (Z+1)
Answer:
(iv) When a green light is incident on a certain metal surface,
electrons are emitted but no electrons are emitted with yellow light.
If red light incident on the same metal surface
a. more energetic electrons will be emitted.
b. less energetic electrons will be emitted.
c. emission of electrons will depend on the intensity of light.
d. electrons will be emitted.
Answer: D
Explanation:- If red light will incident on the surface of metal
electrons will emits because red light has highest wavelength as
compare to green and yellow, since it has highest wavelength its
frequency is least as compare to the these two light and thats why
electrons will emits from its surface. Due to lowest frequency it has

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

largest value of threshold frequency.
(v). A parallel beam of white light falls on one face of a prism the
light emerging from the other face suffers.
a. angular deviation b. no dispersion c. dispersion d. no angular
Answer: C
Explanation: When the beam of sunlight falls on the surface of prism
it and passes through the prism it disperse into seven different colour
and it forms light spectrum, it shows that sunlight is made up of
seven different color.
(vi). A luminous object is separated from a screen by a distance D.
what is the greatest focal length that a lens should have to focus the
image of the object on the screen
a. D/4 b. D/2 c. D d. 4D
Answer: B
Explanation:
(vii). Electromagnetic waves does not carry
a. energy b. charge c. information d. momentum
Answer: B
Explanation: Electromagnetic waves do not carries any charge, it is
created by the result of vibration between electric field and magnetic
field, these waves are perpendicular to the direction of movement of
electromagnetic waves.
(viii). If L and R denote inductance and resistance respectively then

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

the dimension of L/R is
a. M0L0T0 b. M0L0T1 c. M2L0T0 d.M1L1T2
Answer: B
Explanation: E=1/2LI² this is the relation between L and E so,
dimension of L = dimension of energy/dimension of I²
= [ML²T⁻²]/[A²] = [ML²T⁻²A⁻²]
Similarly we know, relation between R and energy is E = I²Rt
So, dimension of R = dimension of E/dimension of i²t
= [ML²T⁻²][A²T] = [ML²T⁻³A⁻²]
dimension of L/R = dimension of L/dimension of R
= [ML²T⁻²A⁻²][ML²T⁻³A⁻²] = [T]
Answer: B
(ix).A proton with a speed of 2 x 107 ms enters a magnetic field of
flux density 1.5 Wbm-2 making an angle of 30 with the field the force
acting on the proton is
Answer: B
Explanation: 2.4 x 1012 N
The magnitude of the magnetic force on a charge particle is
F = |q| v B sin θ
Here q = charge on a proton = 1.602 x 10−19 C
V = 2 x 107 m/s
θ = 30°

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

B = 1.5 T
Substituting all these values in the expression for F, we get
F = 1.602 x 10−19 C x 2 x 107 m/s x 1.5 T sin 30°
= 2.403 x 10−12 N
(x). A straight conductor of length l m carrying a current 1A is bent
in form of semi-circle. The magnetic field (in tesla) at the center of
the semicircle is
(xi).Mutual inductance of two coils can be increased by
a. decreasing the number of turns on the coils
b. increasing the number of turns on the coils
c. winding the coils on the wooden core
d. none of these
Answer: B
Explanation: M α n1n2, so, with the increase in number of turns
mutual inductance increases.
(xii) The lengths, radii and specific resistances of two conducting
wires are each in the ratio of 1:3. If the resistance of the thinner wire
is 10. Then the resistance of the thinner wire is 10 then the resistance
of the other wire will be
a. 10 b. 20 c. 10 d.5
(xiii) Two capacitors of a capacitances C1 and C2 are connected in
parallel. If a charge q is given to the assembly the charge gets shared
the ratio of the charge on the capacitor C1 to the charge C2 is

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

a. C1/C2
b. C2/C1
c. C1C2
d. 1/C1C2
Answer: B
Explanation:-The two capacitors have same V so for the formula
Q=CV you get C1=Q2/C2 so the ratio Q1/Q2=C2/C1.
(xiv) The no of electrons in 2 coloumb of charge is
Answer: C

Section II

2. Answer the following question in one sentence each. (1x4=4)

(i) What will be the change in focal length f of a concave mirror
when immersed in a liquid of refractive index n?
Solution: Focal length of a spherical mirror depends on the radius of
curvature of the mirror, since it is the geographical factor it will
remain same in air as well as in water, so the focal length of mirror
will remain same in the liquid.
F= R/2 which means focal length is half of length of radius of
curvature.
(ii) State one difference between a dynamo and a motor.
Dynamo: Convert mechanical energy into electrical energy

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

 Motor: Convert electrical energy into mechanical energy
(iii) On what physical quantity does the magnetic moment of an
electron revolving in an orbit depend?
Solution: Angular momentum is the only physical quantity on which
magnetic moment of an electron revolving in an orbit speed.
(iv) Is burlows wheel a motor? Give reason
Electric motor transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy.
In wheel of Barlow the metal wheel with a horizontal axis has the
edge outcropping in the mercury contained in a tank. An intense
magnetic field is generated by a magnet and convert energy into
mechanical energy.

Group –B

Answer the following question in very short (Alternative

are to be noted) (2 x 5=10)
1. Very high or very low resistance cannot be measured correctly
by using the Wheatstone bridge principle. Give reason
Solution: Wheatstone bridge cannot be used for the measurement of
very low resistance because wire resistance and lead resistance both
are very low and this much low value is taken as the error and if very
high resistance is there then very low current will pass and this
cannot be measured by the galvanometer.
2. A voltmeter of resistance 300 ohm can be used to measure up to
150 V find the value of shunt to be added to make it an ammeter to
measure the flow of 8A current.

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

Solution:- R=300Ω

V=150V

Let the shunt be ‘r’

I=8 Amphere

To convert into ammeter the resistance should be minimum; using

V=IR

150=8*[i/r+1/300]

75/4=[300r/300+r]

75(300+r)=1200r

22500= 1200r-75r

R= 22500/1125=20Ω

OR

Define current sensitivity and voltage sensitivity of a moving coil

galvanometer.

Solution: Current sensitivity is defined as the deflection shown by

the galvanometer when unit current is passed through it.

Voltage sensitivity is defined as the deflection show by the

galvanometer when unit voltage is applied across the terminals of
the circuit.

3. What are the quantities that oscillate in an electromagnetic wave?

Show by means of a diagram the relative orientation of the direction

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

of the electric vector, magnetic vector and propagation of
electromagnetic wave.

Solution: An electromagnetic wave consists of two waves that

are oscillations of the electric and magnetic fields.
An electromagnetic wave travels in a direction that is at right angles
to the oscillation direction of both fields.

OR
Why is the ozone layer lying on the upper part of stratosphere helpful
for survival of man?
Solution: Ozone layer absorbs the harmful radiation of ultraviolet
radiation which causes skin cancer, Actinic keratosis due to which
ozone layer is important for life on earth.
4. The voltage supplied across the cathode and anode an x-ray
penetrating machine is 50,000V. Determine shortest wavelength of
the x ray emitted. Given h=6.62x10-34 Js
OR
Write down the β equation decay. Why the detection of neutrons is
is difficult?

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

Solution: The β decay is of two types:
(i) β+ decay: In β+ decay, or "positron emission". The mass
number of the radioactive nucleus unchanged but its atomic number
decreases by one. A positiron and a few neutrino are emitte from
nucleus. The equation is:
AZX AZ-1X’ + e- + ve
(ii) β− decay:- β− decay,the mass number of the radiactive
nucleus remain unchanged but its atomic number increses by one.
An electron and a few particle antineutrino are emitted from
nucleus. The equation is:
AZX AZ+1X’ + e- + ve
5. Define amplitude modulation. The height of a tv tower is 12.5
meter. Find the maximum distance up to which transmitted signal
from the tower is available.
Solution: Amplitude Modulation, or AM as it is often called is an
electronic communication systems technique wherein the baseband
signal is superimposed with the amplitude of the carrier wave

Group – C

Answer the following questions in short (Alternative are

to be noted) (3x9=27)
6. Define surface density of electric charge.
Two large conducting spheres carrying charge Q1 and Q2 are
brought close to each other. Is the magnitude of the electrostatic
force between them exactly given by Q1Q2/4 π ε0 r2. Where r is the
distance between their centers.

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

Solution: Surface charge density (σ) is the quantity of charge per
unit area, measured in coulombs per square meter (Cm−2).
The force between two conducting spheres is not exactly given by
the expression, Q1Q2/4 π ε0 r2, because there is no non uniform
charge distribution on the spheres.
OR
Define dielectric constant. Two charges 20x106 coulomb placed
2mm apart form an electric dipole. Determine the electric field at a
point 10cm away from the center of the dipole on its perpendicular
bisector. Given 1/4 π ε0 r2=9x109 Nm2C-2.
Solution: Dielectric constant is defined as the ratio of the permitivity
of a substance to the ratio of permitivity of free space. It shows the
concentration of electric flux produces by a material.
7.(a) Define dielectric polarisation.
Solution: Polarization is defined as the behaviour shown by the
material when external electric field is applied.
(b) Deduce an expression for the potential energy stored in a parallel
plate capacitor.
Solution: There is a charge +q on one plate and -q on the other.
Potential of capacitor =q/C
Work done in giving additional charge dq to capacitor is
dW= q/Cxdq
total work done in giving a charge Q to the capacitor is q.
Q=Q
W=1/C Q2/2

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

Energy stored in the capacitor
U=W=1/2 Q2/C
WE know that Q=CV
U=1/2 (CV)2/C =1/2 CV2
Now CV=Q
U=1/2 QV
Result U=1/2 Q2/C
=1/2 CV2
=1/2 QV
8 (a) what is cyclotron frequency? Is it possible for a cyclotron to
accelerate neutron?
Solution: The cyclotron frequency is the frequency of a charged
particle moving perpendicular to the direction of a uniform magnetic
field B.
The equation for the cyclotron frequency is. f = q x B /(2 x π x m)
Cyclotrons work on the principle of Lorentz force. A particle can
experience a Lorentz force only if it is charged. Neutrons being
uncharged are not accelerated by a cyclotron.
(b) Write down the mathematical form of ampere’s circuital law
related to magnetic field produced by electric current.
Solution: According to Ampere’s law, magnetic fields are related
to the electric current produced in them. The law specifies the
magnetic field that is associated with a given current or vice-versa,
provided that the electric field doesn’t change with time.

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

 OR
(a) Define electromagnetic unit of flow of current.
Solution: A unit of electrical charge equal to the amount of charge
transferred by a current of 1 ampere in 1 second. coulomb.
(b) A wire of length ‘l’ is bent in the form a circular loop with a
number of turns and is suspended in a magnetic field of intensity B.
Find the expression for the maximum torque produced on the
circular loop when a current ‘I’ is passed through it.
Solution: We need to find the magnetic moment which is given as,
M=NIA
Where, N= Number of turns.
I= Current in the coil.
A= Area of the coil,which is a circle.
When the wire of length L is bent in the form of the circle, the
perimeter of the circle will be L.
So, 2πr=L
⇒r=L2π
So you can find the area now which is,
A=πr2=π×L24π2=L24π
Here N=1
So magnetic moment has a magnitude of,
M=NIL24π

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

9. A. State one defect of Huygens’s wave theory.
Solution: The Huygens principle states that every point on the wave
front is the source of wavelets. The wavelets spread out in the
forward direction, at the same speed as the source wave. The new
wave front is a line tangent to all of the wavelets.
B. Prove the laws of reflection by using Huygens principle.
Solution: Consider a wave front AE incident on the plane reflecting
surface XY. No the wave front and the reflecting surface being
perpendicular to the plane of paper.
Solution: The ability of an optical instrument to separate or
distinguish small or closely adjacent images.

First the wave front touches the reflecting touches the reflecting
surface at B and then at the successive points towards C. In
accordance with Huygens principle from each point on AC,
secondary wavelets start growing with the speed c. During the time
the disturbance from A reaches the point c, the secondary wavelet
from B must have spread over a hemisphere of radius AB=BC =ct,
where t is the time taken by the disturbance to travel from E to C.
The tangent plane CD drawn from the point C over this hemisphere
of radius ct will be the new refracted wave front. Let angle of

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

incidence and reflection be I and r respectively. In ABC and AEC
we have.
∠BAC= ∠CBA
AC=AC
EC=BA
So triangle ABC= triangle DCB
∠i= ∠r
Hence the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Thus
this proves the law of reflections.
OR
(a) Define resolving power of an optical instrument.
Solution: Resolving power is defined as the reverse of the distance
between two objects which can be just resolved when viewed
through the optical instrument.
10. (a) Under what condition will be object and image always be on
the same side of the focus of a concave mirror.
Solution: It is well said that concave mirror usually forms real and
inverted image and formed image is on the opposite side of the
mirror.
But there is one exception in concave mirror when the image formed
is on the same side of the mirror.
In this case image formed is virtual, erect and enlarged in size.
Moreover this image is formed when the object is kept in between
pole and principal focus of the mirror.

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

(b) An image of size 1/n times the object size is formed in a convex
mirror. If r is the radius of curvature of the mirror. What would be
the object distance?
Solution:- U=-Ve
F=+ve
V=+ve
m=v/u=i/n
u=nv => v=u/n
using mirror lens formula:-
1/v+1/u=1/f
n/u-1/u=1/f
n-1/u=1/f
u=f(n-1).
OR
(a) Why is red light used as danger signal?
Solution: Red light is used as the danger signal because it has highest
wavelength, due to highest wavelength is scatters less by the air
molecules and it is visible from distance.
(b) Explain by using graph the minimum angle deviation of a ray of
light passing through a prism
Solution:

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

 From ΔMQR (i-r1) + (e-r2) = δ
(i+e) - (r1+r2) = δ
FROM Δ PQN
r1+r2+ ∠QNR=180
A+ ∠QNR=180
A=r1+r2
i+e-A= δ
At minimum deviation,
i=e, r1=r2 and δ= δm
i=(A+ δm)/2
r=A/2 , μ=sin i /sin r
μ={sin(a+ δ)/2}/sin (A/2)}

11. (a) Production of x ray and emission of electron in photoelectric

effect are two opposite phenomenon justify the statement.
Solution:
Photo-electric effect and x-ray production are opposite phenomenon
because

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

In production of x-ray, electrons are accelerated and made to hit a
target to get emission of characteristic x-rays. Accelerated electrons
produce electromagnetic radiation. But In photo-electric emit, light
which is electromagnetic radiation incident on photo-sensitive
material and electrons are emitted with kinetic energy.
OR
Explain the characteristic of photoelectric effect on the light of
Einstein’s equation
Solution:
(i) For a given metal and frequency of incident radiation, the number
of photoelectrons ejected per second is directly proportional to the
intensity of incident radiation.
(ii) Maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photo electron is
independent of the intensity of incident radiations.
(iii) Emission of photoelectrons is instantaneous
In a magnetic field the curvature of the path of a β-particle is greater
than of α-particle of the same speed. Explain why.
Solution: Beta Particles (electrons) are much smaller in mass as
compared to other particles like proton and Alpha Particles.
R=mv/Bq where R is radius, v is velocity of, B is magnetic field, q
is charge
As m is small for a Beta Particle, R is also small as compared to
other particles so that why it deflect more.
OR
12. Why is nuclear fusion reactions called a thermonuclear
reactions?

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

Solution: Condition requires for nuclear fusion is extremely high
temperature and hence create a large amount of energy due to which
it is called thermonuclear reaction.
13. If two inputs of a NAND gate are joined, what type of a gate is
formed? Draw V-I characteristic curve for forward and reverse bias
in p-n junction diode
Solution: Truth table of NAND gate:-
NAND gate truth table
1 1 | 0
1 0 | 1
0 1 | 1
00|1
1 denotes high voltage.
0 denotes low voltage.
V-I characteristic in forward biasing

Important feature of the graph:

Initially the current increases very slowly almost negligible till the
voltage across the diode crosses a certain value called threshold

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

voltage. Before this characteristic voltage the depletion layer plays
a dominant role in controlling thr motion of charge carriers
After the cut-in voltage the diode current increases rapidly even for
a very small increase in the dipole bias voltage. Here the majority
charge carriers feel negligible resistance at the junction.
V-I characteristic in reverse biasing

When the diode is reverse diode, the reverse bias voltage produces a
very small current about remains constant with bias. This small
current is called reverse saturation current.
When the reverse voltage across the p-n junction reaches a sufficient
high value the reverse currrent suddenly increses to a large value.
This voltage at which brekdown of the juncton diode occurs is
callled zener breakdown voltage or peak-invere voltage.
14. (a)State one difference between p type n type semiconductor.
Solution:- for making p-type semiconductor 3rd group element of
periodic table is used for doping while for making n-type element
5th group elements are added, n-type semiconductor have 5 valance
electron while p-type have 3 valance electron.
(b) In a transistor emitter base junction is always forward biased,
while the collector base junction is reverse-biased. Why?
Solution:- When the base emitter junction is forward biased and the
collector base junction is reversed biased the electrons moves from

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

n-type region, when the reach each other they combine enabling a
current flow across the junction.

GROUP-D

Answer the following question (Alternatives will be

noted): (5 x 3=15)
15.(a) Show that equivalent resistance in parallel combination is
always less than each of the individual resistance connected in the
combination.
Solution:- There are resistances R1, R2 ..Rn and equivalent
resistance be Rq .so 1/Rq=1/R1 +1/R2 + ..1/Rn
and let the smallest resistance be R1 (suppose)………so ..1/Rq >
1/R1
since 1/Rq=1/R1+1/R2 ..1/Rn which is always greater than 1/R1
so Rq< R1…………hence smaller than the smallest resistance.
(b) How can be sensitivity of a potentiometer be increased?
Solution: Sensitivity of potentiometer can be increased by increasing
the length of potentiometer and reducing the current in the circuit.
OR
Draw a graph representing the change in specific resistance with
temperature.
Solution:

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

Relation between specific resistance and temperature ρt = ρ0 [1 + α
(T – T0).
As the temperature increase resistivity will increase and vice-versa.
Find the equivalent resistance between two ends A and B of the
following circuit.
Solution:-

3 x 1/R=1/Req
Req=R/3
Now, they will be in
R/3+R/3=2R/3
(c) Define lost volt. State the factors on which the internal resistance
of cell depends.

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

Solution: Potential energy which is lost during the transfer of current
from one point to the point in the circuit is called lost current.
Factors which affects this are internal resistance of cell, distance
between the electrodes of cell and conductivity of the electrodes.
16. (a) Define Wattless current.
Solution: when the average power consumed in such circuit
corresponds to Zero. Such current is also called as wattles Current.
(b) Show that Len'z law obeys the law of conservation of energy.
Solution: Lenz's Law states whenever induce a current in a wire via
a changing magnetic field, the current flows through the wire in such
a direction so that its magnetic field opposes the change that
produced the current.
So, moving a wire in which current flows through magnetic field the
mechanical energy of moving wire is converts into electrical energy
due to which energy is conserved and Lenz law follow conservation
law.
Show that in a.c circuit the average power dissipated per cycle in a
pure conductor is zero.
Solution: Formula of average power supplied by a source over a
complete
P=VI Cos θ
Cos θ is the power factor.
For pure inductive circuit
The phase difference between the voltage and current is π/2
Due to which P=VI Cos π/2
Cos π/2 =0, P=0

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions

And average power dissipates is zero.
OR
Compare between inductive resistance and capacitive resistance
Solution: Inductive resistance is to cause the current to lag the
voltage. Where as capacitive reactance is to cause the current to lead
the voltage.
State the factors on which the peak value of alternating current
depends
Solution: The pick value depends on impedance of the circuit. The
more the AC waveform departs in smoothness from a square wave,
the higher will be the likely peak value of the AC voltage. Obviously
the highest peak voltage will be the case where the
entire voltage exists for only a very short time interval in
each voltage half-cycle.
17. (a) With diagram, state the reason for short sightedness and
mention its remedies
Solution: Short sight occurs because the light coming from the
object fall and make focus in front of retina. It happens because
eyeball is too long or cornea is too curved.
Remedies: (i) Prescription lenses: By wearing corrective lenses
which increase the curvature of cornea and helps in focusing the
light on the retina.
(ii) Refractive surgery: This can be treated by the surgery in which
shape of cornea is reshaped which result into the formation of image
on the retina.

Class XII www.vedantu.com PYQP Solutions