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3 views10 pages

Matrices_Practical_File

Uploaded by

bhattbhavesh885
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Matrices - Practical File

Name:

Class: 12

Roll Number:

Subject Teacher's Name:

Session:
Index

1. Introduction to Matrices - Page 3

2. Types of Matrices - Page 4

3. Matrix Operations - Page 5

4. Transpose and Inverse - Page 6

5. Applications of Matrices - Page 7

6. Determinants - Page 8

7. Solving Systems of Equations - Page 9

8. Conclusion - Page 10
Introduction to Matrices

Definition: A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows and columns.

Notation: A matrix is usually denoted by capital letters, e.g., A, B, C, etc.

Example:

[1 2 3]

[4 5 6]

Order of a Matrix: m x n (rows × columns)


Types of Matrices

1. Row Matrix: [1 2 3]

2. Column Matrix:

[1]

[2]

[3]

3. Square Matrix: [1 2]

[3 4]

4. Diagonal Matrix: Non-zero only on main diagonal.

5. Identity Matrix: Diagonal elements = 1.


Matrix Operations

1. Addition: A + B = [6 8]

[10 12]

2. Scalar Multiplication: Multiply each element by scalar.

3. Matrix Multiplication: Defined only if cols(A) = rows(B).


Transpose and Inverse

Transpose: Interchange rows and

columns. If A = [1 2]

[3 4], then A^T = [1 3]

[2 4]

Inverse: For 2x2 matrix A = [a b]

[c d], A^-1 = 1/(ad-bc)[d -b]

[-c a].
Applications of Matrices

1. Representing systems of linear equations.

2. Computer graphics and image transformations.

3. Cryptography and encoding information.

4. Economics and solving linear programming problems.


Determinants

Definition: A scalar value associated with square matrices.

Example: For A = [a b]

[c d], det(A) = ad - bc.

Properties: Switching rows changes determinant sign. If all elements in a row/column

are zero, determinant = 0.


Solving Systems of Equations

Cramer's Rule: Solve systems of equations using

determinants. Example: Solve 2x + 3y = 5, 4x + 6y = 10

using matrices.

Matrix form: AX = B, where A is coefficient matrix, X is variable matrix, and B

is constant matrix.
Conclusion

Matrices play a crucial role in solving mathematical problems. They have

applications in fields like physics, engineering, and economics. Mastering matrix

operations is key to understanding advanced mathematical concepts.

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