´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

ÃfZÂf
WXfBOÑûIYf¶fʳf

CX´f-ÃfZÂf
OXfCX³fÀMÑe¸f
½¹fUÀff¹f
ÀUfÀ±¹f, ÀfÔSXÃff AüSX ´f¹ffÊUSX¯f (Health, FIRE SAFETY
Safety and Environment-HSE) IYf ´fi¶fÔ²f³f

ÀfÔQ·fÊ AfBÊOXe: HYC/Q3601, Uþʳf ³fÔ. 2.0

NSQF Level 4

RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f

(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

}kjk çdkf'kr
;g iqLrd gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj fLdy dkmafly] vksvkbZMhch Hkou] V‚oj lh] nwljh eafty] Iy‚V uacj 2] fodkl ekxZ]
lsDVj 73] uks,Mk 201301 ¼;wih½ }kjk çk;ksftr gSA

lokZf/kdkj lqjf{kr © 2022

igyk laLdj.k] flracj 2022

Hkkjr esa eqfær

dkWihjkbV © 2022

fØ,fVo d‚eUl ykblsal ds rgr: CC-BY-SA

,fVªC;w'ku-'ks;j vykbd: CC-BY-SA

CC
BY SA

;g ykblsal vU; jhfeDl] V~ohd vkSj O;kolkf;d mís';ksa ds fy, Hkh vkids dke dks vkxs c<+kus nsrk gS] tc rd
fd os vkidks Js; nsrs gSa vkSj leku 'krksaZ ds rgr viuh ubZ jpukvksa dk ykblsal nsrs gSaA bl ykblsal dh rqyuk
vDlj "d‚ihys¶V" Ýh vkSj vksiu&lkslZ l‚¶Vos;j ykblsal ls dh tkrh gSA vkids vk/kkj ij lHkh u, dk;ksaZ esa ,d
gh ykblsal gksxk] blfy, dksbZ Hkh MsfjosfVo O;kolkf;d mi;ksx dh Hkh vuqefr nsxkA ;g fofdihfM;k vkSj blh rjg
ykblsal ifj;kstukvksa }kjk mi;ksx fd;k tkus okyk ykblsal gSA

[kaMu
blesa fufgr tkudkjh gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj fLdy dkmafly ds fo'oluh; lzksrksa ls çkIr dh xbZ gSA gkbMªksdkcZu
lsDVj fLdy dkmafly ,slh tkudkjh dh lVhdrk] iw.kZrk ;k i;kZIrrk ds fy, lHkh okjaVh dks vLohdkj djrh gSA
gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj fLdy dkmafly dh blesa fufgr tkudkjh esa =qfV;ksa] pwd ;k vi;kZIrrk ds fy, ;k mldh O;k[;k
ds fy, dksbZ nkf;Ro ugha gksxkA iqLrd esa 'kkfey d‚ihjkbV lkexzh ds ekfydksa dk irk yxkus dk gj laHko ç;kl
fd;k x;k gSA çdk'kd muds laKku esa yk, tkus ds fy, iqLrd esa fdlh Hkh pwd ds fy, vkHkkjh gksaxs; ftls mlh
ds Hkfo"; ds laLdj.kksa esa ykxw gksus ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k tk,xkA gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj fLdy dkmafly dh dksbZ Hkh
laLFkk bl lkexzh ij fuHkZj jgus okys fdlh Hkh O;fä dks gksus okyh fdlh Hkh rjg dh gkfu ds fy, ftEesnkj ugha
gksxhA bl çdk'ku dh lkexzh d‚ihjkbV gSA bl çdk'ku ds fdlh Hkh fgLls dks fdlh Hkh :i esa ;k fdlh Hkh ek/;e
ls ;k rks dkxt ;k bysDVª‚fud ehfM;k ij iqu: çLrqr] laxzghr ;k forfjr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS] tc rd fd
gkbMªksdkcZu {ks= dkS'ky ifj"kn }kjk vf/k—r ugha fd;k tkrk gSA

ii
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

IYüVf»f ÀfZ ¶fZWX°fSX ·ffSX°f IYf dUIYfÀf

WXû°ff WX`Ü A¦fSX WX¸fZÔ ·ffSX°f IYû dUIYfÀf
IYe AûSX »fZ þf³ff WX` °fû IYüVf»f
dUIYfÀf WX¸ffSXf d¸fVf³f WXû³ff ¨ffdWXE

ßfe ³fSXZ³Qi ¸fûQe

·ffSX°f IZY ´fi²ff³f¸fÔÂfe

iii
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

HYDROCARBON SECTOR SKILL COUNCIL

‘Fire Safety Technician’ ‘HYC/Q3601 NSQF Level 4’

Date of Issuance: March 4th, 2020

Valid up to*: March 3rd, 2024

Hydrocarbon Sector Skill Council

iv
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

èkU;okn@vkHkkj
gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj fLdy dkmafly ¼,p,l,llh½ mu lHkh O;fä;ksa vkSj laLFkkvksa dk èkU;okn vnk djrh gS]
ftUgksaus bl ÞçfrHkkxh iqfLrdkß dks rS;kj djus esa viuk ;ksxnku fn;k gSA muds ;ksxnku ds fcuk ;g iqfLrdk
iwjh ugha gks ldrh FkhA blds fofHkUu e‚MîwYl rS;kj djus esa lg;ksx djus okys yksxksa dks fo'ks"k èkU;oknA bu
e‚MîwYl dh led{k leh{kk ¼peer review½ djus okys lHkh fo}ku fo'ks"k ljguk ds ik= gSaA
gkbMªksdkcZu m|ksx txr ds lg;ksx ds fcuk bl eSuqvy dks rS;kj dj ikuk laHko ugha FkkA bldh 'kq#vkr ls
var rd m|ksx txr dh QhMcSd csgn mRlkgtud jgh gS vkSj muds buiqV dh enn ls gh geusa vkt m|ksx
txr esa gks jgh dkS'ky dh deh dks iwjk djus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA
;g çfrHkkxh iqfLrdk mu lHkh ;qokvksa dks lefiZr gS] tks vius Hkfo"; ds dke&dkt esa vkthou csgn vge
Hkwfedk fuHkkus okys dkS'ky vftZr djuk pkgrs gSaA

v
 ´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

bl iqLrd ds ckjs esa

ÞQk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku ¼rsy ,oa xSl½ß çf'k{k.k dk;ZØe esa vkidk Lokxr gSA ;g çfrHkkxh iqfLrdk çf'k{kqvksa@
çfrHkkfx;ksa dks gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj esa ,d ÞQk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku ¼rsy ,oa xSl½ß cuus ds fy, t:jh dkS'ky
fodflr djus ds fy, enn nsxh vkSj mUgsa çf'k{k.k nsxhA blds vfrfjä] ;g VªsulZ ¼çf'k{kdksa½ dks og Ldksi
¼dk;Z {ks=½ ds fuèkkZj.k esa Hkh l{ke cuk,xk] ftlds rgr ysoy 4 ij Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku ¼rsy ,oa xSl½ ds
fy, Vªsfuax vk;ksftr dh tk,xhA ;g çfrHkkxh iqfLrdk crkSj Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku ¼rsy ,oa xSl½ dk dk;Z djus
ds fy, t:jh Kku vkSj dkS'ky Hkh çnku djsxhA
,d Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku ¼rsy ,oa xSl½ og O;fä gksrk gS] tks Qk;j ls¶+Vh çfØ;kvksa dk ikyu djrk gS
vkSj vfXu'keu dk;ksZa dks djrk gSA rnkuqlkj] bl çfrHkkxh iqfLrdk esa bl dk;Z dks djus ds fy, t:jh
lHkh rduhdh vkSj O;kogkfjd dkS'ky 'kkfey gSaA ;g us'kuy fLdy DokfyfQ+ds'ku ÝseodZ ¼NSQF½ ls tqM+s
DokfyfQ+ds'ku iSd ¼QP½ ij vkèkkfjr gSA blesa 'kkfey gSa:
1- Qk;j ls¶+Vh fu;eksa ds vuqlkj dk;ZLFky dks rS;kj djuk ¼HYC/N3601½
2- dk;ZLFky ij Qk;j ls¶+Vh dk;ksZa dks djuk ¼HYC/N3602½
3- ,d Vhe esa çHkkoh <ax ls dke djuk ¼HYC/N9301½
gj ;wfuV ds var esa fofHkUu çdkj dh O;kogkfjd ¼çSfDVdy½ vkSj lS)kafrd ,DllkZbt+ ¼vH;kl½ nh xbZ gSa]
ftUgsa ,d fo"k; ij Vªsuh ¼çf'k{kq½ dh le> ds vkadyu esa bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA VªsulZ fuekZ.kkRed
¼formative½ vkSj ;ksxkRed ¼summative½ vkadyu ds fy, budk bLrseky dj ldrs gSaA ;g iqLrd ,d
'kq#vkr ek= gSA lh[kus dh lcls jkspd çfØ;k rks Dykl:e vkSj mlds ckn 'kq: gksxhA
bl dk;ZØe dks lQyrkiwoZd laiUu djus ds ckn Vªsuh dks ,d Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku ¼rsy ,oa xSl½ dk
çek.k&i= fn;k tk,xkA blls muds fy, jkstxkj ds volj c<+saxs vkSj lkFk gh ,d m|eh ds :i esa Hkh mudh
{kerkvksa dks etcwrh feysxhA

ç;ksx fd, x, fpUg

!

lh[kus ds pj.k vH;kl fVIl fVIif.k;ka ;wfuV ds mís'; lkjka'k

çeq[k ifj.kke

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 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

fo"k;lwph
Øe la- ekWMîwYl vkSj ;wfuV~l i`"B la[;k
1 ifjp; 1

;wfuV 1-1 Hkkjr esa gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj 3

;wfuV 1-2 ,d Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku dh Hkwfedk vkSj mlds nkf;Ro 8

2 Qk;j ls¶+Vh fu;eksa ds vuq:i dk;Z{ks= dks rS;kj djuk (HYC/N3601) 13

;wfuV 2-1 Qk;j ls¶+Vh fu;eksa ds vuq:i dk;Z{ks= dks rS;kj djuk 15

;wfuV 2-2 ls¶+Vh dk çn'kZu 34

3 dk;ZLFky ij Qk;j ls¶+Vh dk;ksZa dks djuk (HYC/N3602) 53

;wfuV 3-1 vfXu'keu midj.kksa dk bLrseky 55

;wfuV 3-2 Qk;j ls¶+Vh ds mik; 79

4 ,d Vhe esa çHkkoh <ax ls dke djuk (HYC/N9301) 93

;wfuV 4-1 ,d Vhe esa çHkkoh <ax ls dke djuk 95

5 vuqca/k 105

6 DGT/VSQ/N0102 jkstxkj dkS'ky ¼60 ?kaVs½

It is recommended that all trainings include the appropriate Employability

Skills Module Content for the same is available here:
https://www.skillindiadigital.gov.in/content/list
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY
1. ifjp;
;wfuV 1-1 Hkkjr esa gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj
;wfuV 1-2 ,d Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku dh Hkwfedk vkSj mlds nkf;Ro
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

lh[kus ds çeq[k ifj.kke

bl ekWMîwy ds var esa çfrHkkxh l{ke gksaxs%
1- rsy ,oa xSl {ks= ¼lsDVj½ vkSj blds mi{ks=ksa dk o.kZu djus esa
2- gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj esa rhu eq[; lsXesaV~l ¼segments½ dks lwphc) djus esa
3- viLVªhe] feMLVªhe vkSj MkmuLVªhe lsXesaV~l ds dk;Z crkus esa
4- gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj fLdy dkmafly dh Hkwfedk crkus esa
5- OISD LVSaMM~lZ crkus esa
6- ,d Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku dh Hkwfedk vkSj mlds nkf;Ro crkus esa

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 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

;wfuV 1-1 & Hkkjr esa gkbMªksdkcZu {ks=

;wfuV ds mís';
bl ;wfuV ds var esa çfrHkkxh l{ke gksaxs%
1- Hkkjr esa gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj ds ckjs esa crkus esaA
2- gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj esa rhu eq[; lsXesaV~l ¼segments½ dks lwphc) djus esaA
3- gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj dh miyfCèk;ksa ds ckjs esa crkus esaA
4- ,d Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku dh Hkwfedk ,oa mlds mÙkjnkf;Roksa dh igpku djus vkSj mUgsa vatke nsus esaA
5- rsy ,oa xSl m|ksx esa vfXu'keu midj.kksa vkSj ;a=ksa ds fy, OISD ekudksa dks crkus vkSj mudk ikyu djus esAa
6- ,d Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku ds fy, t:jh dkS'kyksa ¼skills½ dks crkus esaA
7- Qk;j ls¶+Vh ls tqM+h dSfj;j laHkkoukvksa dk çn'kZu djus esaA

1-1-1 Hkkjr esa gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj – ,d voyksdu

rsy ,oa çk—frd xSl lsDVj Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd çxfr dks vkxs c<+kus okys 8 eq[; ¼core & dksj½ m|ksxksa esa ls
,d gS vkSj ;g ns'k dh vkfFkZd çxfr esa ,d csgn vge Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA ;g m|ksx eq[; :i ls uhps fn,
x, fofHkUu lsXesaV~l esa ckaVk x;k gSA ;g foHkktu rsy ,oa çk—frd xSl ds vUos"k.k ¼exploration½ ,oa mR[kuu
¼extraction½] laxzg.k ,oa çkslsflax vkSj varr% vafre bLrseky ds fy, mudk forj.k djus ds vkèkkj ij fd;k
x;k gSA
bl ckr dh iwjh laHkkouk gS fd Hkkjr xSj&vksbZlhMh ¼OECD½ ns'kksa ds isVªksfy;e miHkksx esa lcls vfèkd ;ksxnku
nsus okys ns'kksa esa ls ,d gksxkA Hkkjr dk dPps rsy dk vk;kr o"kZ 2016&17 esa 70&72 vjc vesfjdh M‚yj ls
c<+dj o"kZ 2019&20 esa 101-4 vjc M‚yj gks x;kA Hkkjr dk rsy miHkksx 2016 esa 4-56 fefy;u cSjy çfrfnu
¼MBPD½ ls c<+dj 2019 esa 5-16 MBPD gks x;k vkSj bl nkSjku Hkkjr us nqfu;k ds rhljs lcls cM+s rsy
miHkksäk ds LFkku dks cjdjkj j[kkA
249-9 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu ¼MMT½ dh fjQkbfuax {kerk ds lkFk Hkkjr 1 vDVwcj] 2020 dks ,f'k;k dk nwljk lcls
cM+k fjQkbuj ns'k gSA foÙkh; o"kZ 2020&21 esa futh daifu;ksa ds ikl Hkkjr dh yxHkx 35-29% fjQkbfuax {kerk gSA
foÙkh; o"kZ 2020&21 esa Hkkjr esa rsy mRiknu 30-5 MMT FkkA foÙkh; o"kZ 2019&20 ds eqdkcys foÙkh; o"kZ
2020&21 esa Hkkjr dk rsy vk;kr 4-53 MBPD ls c<+dj 4-54 MBPD gks x;kA o"kZ 2040 rd Hkkjr dk çk—frd
xSl dk miHkksx 143-08 fefy;u Vu ¼MT½ gks tk,xkA foÙkh; o"kZ 2020&21 ds nkSjku Hkkjr dk fyfDoM uSpqjy
xSl ¼LNG½ dk vk;kr 33-68 fcfy;u D;wfcd ehVj ¼BCM½ FkkA
foÙkh; o"kZ 2019&20 ls 2020&21 ds nkSjku Hkkjr dk isVªksfy;e mRiknksa dk miHkksx 4-5% dh o`f) ds lkFk 213-22
MMT ls c<+dj 213-69 MMT gks x;k FkkA ns'k ls gksus okyk isVªksfy;e mRiknksa dk fu;kZr dk ewY; foÙkh; o"kZ
2019&20 esa 34-9 vjc vesfjdh M‚yj ls c<+dj 35-8 vjc vesfjdh M‚yj gks x;kA ns'k ls gksus okyk isVªksfy;e
mRiknksa dk fu;kZr foÙkh; o"kZ 2016&17 esa 60-54 MMT ls c<+dj 2020&21 esa 65-7 MMT gks x;kA
30 twu] 2020 dks ns'k esa xSl ikbiykbu dk 17,016 fdyksehVj dk baÝkLVªDpj FkkA
Hkkjr] o"kZ 2011 ls tkiku] nf{k.k dksfj;k vkSj phu ds ckn LNG dk pkSFkk lcls cM+k vk;krd gSA

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´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

c<+rh gqbZ ekax dks iwjk djus ds fy, ljdkj us dbZ uhfr;ka viukbZ gSaA blus] çk—frd xSl] isVªksfy;e mRiknksa
vkSj fjQkbufj;ksa lfgr bl lsDVj ds dbZ lsXesaV~l esa 100% FDI ¼fons'kh fuos'k½ dks eatwjh nh gSA vkt ;g {ks=
?kjsyw vkSj fons'kh] nksuksa çdkj ds fuos'k vkdf"kZr dj jgk gSA

1-1-2 gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj ds eq[; lsXesaV~l

;g m|ksx eq[; :i ls uhps fn, x, fofHkUu lsXesaV~l esa ckaVk x;k gSA ;g foHkktu rsy ,oa çk—frd xSl ds
vUos"k.k ¼exploration½ ,oa mR[kuu ¼extraction½] laxzg.k ,oa çkslsflax vkSj varr% vafre bLrseky ds fy,
mudk forj.k djus ds vkèkkj ij fd;k x;k gSA

viLVªhe
UPSTREAM
feMLVªhe
MIDSTREAM
MkmuLVªhe
DOWNSTREAM

fp=% 1-1-1- gkbMªksdkcZu lsXesaV~l

,utÊ lsDVj ds rhu eq[; {ks= gSa: viLVªhe] feMLVªhe vkSj MkmuLVªheA
1- viLVªhe% viLVªhe esa vUos"k.k ¼,DlIyksjs'ku½ vkSj mRiknu ¼çksMD'ku½ ¼E&P½ gksrk gSA blesa çk—frd
xSl ;k dPps rsy dh vaMjxzkmaM ¼Hkwfexr½ vkSj vaMjokVj ¼ikuh ds uhps½ dh [kkstchu 'kkfey gSA lkFk
gh] blesa rsy vkSj xSl dks fjdoj djus ds fy, ,DlIyksjs'ku osYl ¼wells½ dh fMªfyax vkSj LFkkfir
osYl esa fMªfyax djuk 'kkfey gSA
^viLVªhe* 'kCn esa okLrfod fMªfyax dk;ksZa esa 'kkfey gksus okys fofHkUu pj.k vkSj ^mRiknu* Hkh 'kkfey
gSA ^mRiknu* ls vk'k; rsy vkSj çk—frd xSl lalkèkuksa dks lrg ¼ljQsl½ rd ykuk gksrk gSA

fp=% 1-1-2- viLVªhe

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 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

2- feMLVªhe% blesa esa rsy vkSj xSl dk ifjogu] LVksjst vkSj çkslsflax djuk 'kkfey gksrk gSA lalkèkuksa dks
fjdoj djus ds ckn mudk ,d fjQkbujh rd VªkaliksVZs'ku fd;k tkrk gS] tksfd vDlj rsy vkSj xSl
fjtoZ ls nwj ,dne vyx HkkSxksfyd {ks= esa fLFkr gksrh gSaA VªkaliksVZs'ku esa VSadj tgktksa vkSj ikbiykbu
ls ysdj Vªdksa ds csM+s 'kkfey gks ldrs gSaA
feMLVªhe esa ikbiykbal vkSj bu lalkèkuksa dks yach nwjh rd ys tkus ds fy, t:jh ifEiax LVs'ku] VSad
Vªd] jsy VSad dkj vkSj Vªkal&d‚fUVusUVy ¼transcontinental½ VSadlZ tSlk baÝkLVªDpj 'kkfey gksrk
gSA

fp=% 1-1-3- feMLVªhe

3- MkmuLVªhe% MkmuLVªhe ls rkRi;Z viLVªhe pj.k esa feyus okys dPps eky dks fQ+YVj djuk gksrk gSA
bldk vFkZ gksrk gS dPps rsy dks fjQkbu djuk vkSj çk—frd xSl dks 'kq) djukA xzkgdksa vkSj vafre
mi;ksxdrkZvksa dks bu mRiknksa dh dbZ Lo:iksa esa ekdZsfVax dh tkrh gS vkSj O;kolkf;d forj.k fd;k
tkrk gSA bu mRiknksa esa çk—frd xSl] Mhty rsy] isVªksy] xSlksyhu] yqczdUV~l] feêh dk rsy ¼dsjlhu½]
tsV ¶;wy] ,sLQ‚YV] ghfVax v‚by] ,yihth ¼fyfDoM isVªksfy;e xSl½ ds lkFk&lkFk dbZ çdkj ds
isVªks&dSfedYl Hkh 'kkfey gksrs gSaA
rsy vkSj xSl mRiknksa dk bLrseky —f=e ekuo vaxksa] Jo.k
;a=ksa vkSj vfXu'kkedksa dh j{kk djus okys vfXu&jksèkh diM+ksa
ds fuekZ.k esa Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA okLro esa iSaV] Mkb] Qkbcj
vkSj ,sls nwljs lkekuksa ds fuekZ.k dk Hkh rsy vkSj çk—frd
xSl ls lacaèk gSA
vc rd vki Hkh tku pqds gksaxsA ^viLVªhe* esa HkwxHkZ ls rsy
vkSj xSl fudkys tkrs gSa( ^feMLVªhe* esa bUgsa gtkjksa ehy
dh nwjh rd lqjf{kr rjhds ls yk;k&ys&tk;k tkrk gS(
vkSj ^MkmuLVªhe* esa bu lalkèkuksa dks ,sls bZaèku vkSj vafre
mRiknksa esa ifjofrZr fd;k tkrk gS] ftu ij ge lc dh
jkstejkZ dh ftanxh fuHkZj djrh gSA
rsy vkSj xSl ds ;s rhu lsDVj lkFk feydj bZaèku vkSj mu
eSVsfj;Yl dh vkiwfrZ djrs gSa] tks gekjs thou dks csgrj
fp=% 1-1-4- MkmuLVªhe
vkSj lqjf{kr cukrs gSaA

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´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

1-1-3 gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj fLdy dkmafly ¼,p,l,llh -HSSC½

us'kuy fLdy fe'ku v‚Q bafM;k dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, isVªksfy;e vkSj çk—frd xSl ea=ky; ds rRokèkku esa
gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj fLdy dkmafly ¼,p,l,llh½ ds LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA Hkkjrh; gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj esa dkS'ky
fodkl xfrfofèk;ksa dk dk;kZUo;u djuk vkSj leqfpr :i ls çf'kf{kr eSuikoj dks i;kZIr la[;k ,oa xq.koÙkk ds
vuq:i fujarjrk ,oa fodkl ds lkFk iwjh oSY;w pkSu dh vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djuk bldk çkFkfed y{; gSA
eq[; mís';:
l Hkkjrh; gkbMªksdkcZu lsDVj esa dkS'ky fodkl ds fy, t:jh xfrfofèk;ksa dks 'kq: djuk] mUgsa fØ;kUof;r
djuk ,oa muesa lg;ksx nsuk vkSj leqfpr :i ls çf'kf{kr eSuikoj dks i;kZIr la[;k ,oa xq.koÙkk ds vuq:i
fujarjrk ,oa fodkl ds lkFk iwjh oSY;w pkSu dh vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djukA
l lsDVj ds fy, ,d dkS'ky fodkl ;kstuk ¼fLdy MsOyiesaV Iyku½ fodflr djukA
l lsDVj dh dkS'ky fodkl t:jrksa dh igpku djuk] varjkZ"Vªh; VªsaM~l dh leh{kk djuk vkSj lsDVj esa fLdy
xSi ¼fjärk½ ,oa rduhd dh igpku djukA
l iwjs {ks=@mi&{ks= dks doj djus djus okyh dk;Z Hkwfedkvksa ¼job roles½ ds fy, us'kuy vkD;wiS'kuy
LVSUMMZ ¼NOS’s½ fodflr djukA
l ,u,lMhlh }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ :i&js[kk ds vuq:i çf'k{k.k çnkrkvksa ¼Vªsfuax çksokbMlZ½ dh igpku djuk
vkSj mUgs lwphc) djukA
l dq'ky eSuikoj dk ,d iwy rS;kj djuk vkSj u, dkS'ky ,oa dkS'ky fodkl ds fy, ekunaM cukukA

1-1-4 vkWby baMLVªh ls¶+Vh MkbjsDVjV ¼Oil Industry Safety

Directorate & OISD½ ekunaM
v‚by baMLVªh ls¶+Vh MkbjsDVjV ¼vksvkbZ,lMh½ Hkkjr ljdkj ds isVªksfy;e ,oa çk—frd xSl ds rgr ,d
ç'kklfud laLFkk gS] tks Hkkjr esa rsy ,oa xSl m|ksx esa laj{kk dks c<+kus ds fy, t:jh Lo%&fofu;eu ¼self-
regulatory) mik;ksa dh ,d iwjh 'k`a[kyk rS;kj djrh gS vkSj muds dk;kZUo;u esa leUo; djus dk dke djrh
gSA
fjQkbufj;ksa] xSl çkslsflax] ,y,uth vkSj isVªks&dSfedy IykaV~l esa vkx yxus vkSj foLQksV gksus dk [krjk jgrk
gSA ;g [krjk vR;fèkd Toyu'khy æo] xSl vkSj ok"i dh gSaMfyax] çkslsflax ,oa LVksjst djus vkSj c<+s gq,
rkieku ,oa ncko ;k Øk;kstsfud ¼ifj'khru½ ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dke&dkt djus ds pyrs gksrk gSA ;g laHkkfor
[krjs çkslsl ds nkSjku gksus okyh xM+cM+] fo"ke HkkSfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj Toyu'khy gkbMªksdkcZu ds nq?kZVuko'k
fjyht gksus ds pyrs vkSj Hkh c<+ tkrs gSaA
isVªksfy;e mRiknksa dh LysV ¼slate½ ls vfèkdre oSY;w vftZr djus ds fy, gkfy;k o"kksZa esa rsy m|ksx dh iwjh oSY;w
pkSu esa isVªksfy;e fjQkbfuax esa dbZ cM+s vixzsMs'ku vkSj {kerk fodkl dk;Z gq, gSaA ,slk dSVfyfVd gkbMªks&VªhfVax
¼Catalytic Hydro-treating½] blksesfjl'ku ¼Isomerisation½] gkbMªksØSfdax ¼Hydrocracking½] ¶ywMkbTM
dSVfyfVd ØSfdax ¼Fluidized Catalytic Cracking½ vkSj fMysM dksfdax ¼Delayed Coking½ tSlh ubZ
rduhdksa ds lekos'k ls fd;k x;k gSA
rduhdksa esa bu vixzsMs'ku vkSj isVªks&dSfedYl dh vksj fofoèkhdj.k ¼diversification½ ds lkFk dke&dkt
esa tfVyrk,a dbZ xquk c<+ xbZ gSaA lkFk gh] rsy vkSj xSl daifu;ksa dh fcuk fdlh nq?kZVuk ;k vkl&ikl ds
okrkoj.k dks dksbZ uqdlku igqapk, fcuk dke djus dh ftEesnkjh Hkh c<+ xbZ gSA

6
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

gkbMªksdkcZu m|ksx esa ls¶+Vh çcaèku ,d cgqvk;keh dk;Z gS vkSj blls tqM+s gj O;fä dks vkx ,oa nq?kZVuk ds gj
laHkkfor [krjs ds çfr lpsr jgus vkSj mUgsa lekIr djus dk ç;kl djus dh vko';drk gSA dk;Z{ks= ij gksus
okyh dksbZ nq?kZVuk ;g ladsr nsrh gS fd mldk cpko vçHkkoh Fkk vkSj dqN Rofjr cnyko djus dh t:jr gSA
gekjs dk;Z{ks=ksa esa dke djus okys gj O;fä dks bl m|ksx esa iwoZ esa gks pqdh nq?kZVukvksa ls lh[kus dh t:jr gS]
rkfd mudh iqujko`fÙk jksdh tk ldsA
isVªksfy;e fu;eksa esa 6 OISD ekud 'kkfey fd, x, gSa:

Øe la[;k OISD ekud fooj.k

1 OISD STD 105 odZ ijfeV flLVe
2 OISD STD 116 isVªksfy;e fjQkbufj;ksa vkSj rsy@xSl çkslsflax IykaV~l ds fy, vfXu
lqj{kk lqfoèkk,a
3 OISD STD 117 isVªksfy;e fMiks] VfeZuYl] ikbiykbal laLFkkiukvksa ¼installations½ vkSj
ywc v‚by laLFkkiukvksa ds fy, vfXu lqj{kk lqfoèkk,
4 OISD STD 118 rsy vkSj xSl laLFkkiukvksa ds fy, ysvkmV~l
5 OISD STD 141 vUrnZs'kh; gkbMªksdkcZu ikbiykbal ds fy, fMtkbu ,oa fuekZ.k vko';drk,a
6 OISD STD 156 gkbMªksdkcZu gSaMy djus okys canjxkgksa ds fy, vfXu lqj{kk lqfoèkk,a
rkfydk% 1-1-1 isVªksfy;e fu;eksa esa 6 OISD ekud 'kkfey fd, x, gSa
xSl flysaMj fu;eksa esa 2 OISD ekud 'kkfey fd, x, gSa:
Øe la[;k OISD ekud fooj.k
1 OISD STD 105 odZ ijfeV flLVe
2 OISD STD 116 isVªksfy;e fjQkbufj;ksa vkSj rsy@xSl çkslsflax IykaV~l ds fy, vfXu
lqj{kk lqfoèkk,a
rkfydk% 1-1-2 xSl flysaMj fu;eksa esa 2 OISD ekud 'kkfey fd, x, gSa

vkWby ekbal jsX;qys'kal 2017 esa 16 OISD ekud 'kkfey fd, x, gSa :
Øe la[;k OISD ekud fooj.k
1 OISD STD 108 v‚by LVksjst vkSj gSaMfyax ds fy, vuq'kaflr ç.kkfy;ka
2 OISD STD 114 [krjukd jlk;uksa dh lqjf{kr gSaMfyax
3 OISD STD 116 isVªksfy;e fjQkbufj;ksa vkSj rsy@xSl çkslsflax IykaV~l ds fy, vfXu
lqj{kk lqfoèkk,a
4 OISD STD 117 isVªksfy;e fMiks] VfeZuYl] ikbiykbal laLFkkiukvksa ¼installations½ vkSj
ywc v‚by laLFkkiukvksa ds fy, vfXu lqj{kk lqfoèkk,a
5 OISD STD 118 rsy vkSj xSl laLFkkiukvksa ds fy, ysvkmV~l
6 OISD STD 128 vuQk;MZ çs'kj oslYl dk fujh{k.k
rkfydk% 1-1-2 v‚by ekbal jsX;qys'kal 2017 esa 16 OISD ekud 'kkfey fd, x, gSa

7
 ´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

;wfuV 1-2 ,d Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku dh Hkwfedk vkSj mlds nkf;Ro

;wfuV ds mís';
bl ;wfuV ds var esa çfrHkkxh l{ke gksaxs%
1- Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku dh Hkwfedk vkSj nkf;Ro dh igpku djus esa
2- ,d Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku ds fy, vko';d dkS'ky vkSj tkudkjh dh igpku djus esa

1-2-1 Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku dk ifjp;

,d Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku ,d daiuh esa ;k dk;ZLFky ij Qk;j ls¶+Vh lqfuf'pr djus vkSj mls cuk, j[kus ds
fy, ftEesnkj gksrk gSA Qk;j ls¶+Vh dksM~l vkSj jsX;qys'kal dh Bksl tkudkjh ds lkFk] os cpko mik;ksa dks ykxw
djrs gSa] fcfYMax ls¶+Vh ekudksa dks cuk, j[krs gSa] ls¶+Vh uhfr;ka cukrs ,oa ykxw djrs gSa vkSj leqfpr ls¶+Vh
çfØ;kvksa esa çf'kf{kr gksrs gSaA
Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku dh Hkwfedk vkSj nkf;Ro
l nSfud] lkIrkfgd] ekfld vkSj okf"kZd fujh{k.k djuk vkSj fofHkUu vfXu'kkedksa ,oa Qk;j&QkbfVax gkst+
ds fy, iwoZ lkoèkkuh j[k&j[kko dh lsok,a ¼preventative maintenance services½ nsukA lkFk gh]
v‚VkseSfVd fLçaxDyj vkSj Qk;j vykeZ flLVEl] jkbt+lZ] lsD'kuy okYOl] iEil vkSj Qk;j MkslZ ds lapkyu
esa enn djukA
l dk;ZLFky ij lHkh vfXu'kkedksa vkSj Qk;j gkst+ dks fjIysl ,oa fjis;j djuk] mUgsa Hkjuk vkSj mUgsa VSx djukA
l bysDVª‚fud vkSj@;k gLrfyf[kr fujh{k.k fjiksVZ dks le;c) rjhds ls iwjk djukA
l bysfDVªd dkV~lZ ¼carts½] gkbZ fy¶V~l ¼high lifts½ vkSj flt+j fy¶V~l ¼scissors lifts½ ds bLrseky esa
dq'ky gksukA
l Lora= :i ls dke djus esa l{ke gksuk vkSj Q+ky çksVsD'ku ¼fall protection½] ghfjax çksVsD'ku ¼hearing
protection½] vkbZ çksVsD'ku ¼eye protection½ vkSj gsM çksVsD'ku ¼head protection½ tSls miyCèk
O;fäxr lqj{kk midj.kksa ¼personal protective equipment – PPE½ dk bLrseky djukA
l nks&rjQk jsfM;ks dE;qfudsVlZ ¼radio communicators½ dks le>uk vkSj mldk bLrseky djukA

1-2-2 Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku ds dkS'ky

tkudkjh gksuh pkfg,:
l Qk;j ls¶+Vh vkSj lçs'ku ¼suppression½ ds fl)karksa ,oa ç.kkfy;ksa dhA
l ekud dk;kZy; midj.kksa dk lapkyu djus vkSj mUgsa Hkjus lfgr ekud dk;kZy; ç.kkfy;ksa vkSj çfØ;kvksa
dhA
l Qk;j@ykbQ ls¶+Vh flLVEl ds j[k&j[kko] ejEer vkSj mudh LFkkiuk esa ykxw gksus okys bysfDVªdy
fl)karksa ,oa muds dk;kZUo;u dhA
l Qk;j@ykbQ ls¶+Vh vykeZ vkSj lçs'ku flLVEl dh fMtkbu vko';drkvksa vkSj rduhdh lapkyu ds
C;kSjksa dhA
l Qk;j@ykbQ ls¶+Vh flLVe VªsM esa bLrseky gksus okys rjhdksa] eSVsfj;Yl] vkStkjksa] ls¶+Vh ç.kkfy;ksa vkSj
midj.kksa dhA

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 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

l midj.kksa vkSj eSVsfj;Yl ds lapkyu esa ls¶+Vh dkjdksa dhA

l ykxw gksus okys ls¶+Vh dksM~l] vè;kns'kksa vkSj jsX;qys'kal dh tkudkjhA
n{krk gksuh pkfg,:
l ncko esa vPNh rjg ls dke djus esaA
l vPNh fo'ys"k.kkRed vkSj laokn dq'kyrkvksa dk ikyu djus esaA
l vxz&lfØ; ¼pro-active½] vkRe&çsfjr ¼self-motivated½] ifj.kkeksUeq[kh ¼result oriented½ vkSj
,d is'ksoj rjhds ls dke djus esaA
l laiw.kZrk vkSj lVhdrk ds fy, vkfèkdkfjd nLrkostksa dh leh{kk djus ds fy, t:jh ewy ç.kkfy;ksa dh
tkudkjh çnf'kZr djus esaA
l usr`Ro Hkwfedk esa dke djus esaA
l vfXu'kked midj.kksa dk lkekU; ls eè;e tfVy fujh{k.k] lfoZl vkSj fjis;j djus esaA
l fujh{k.k dk;ZØeksa ds ekè;e ls folekU;rkvksa ¼deviations½ dh igpku djuk vkSj mUgsa fjiksVZ djukA
l ykxw gksus okys dkuwuksa] dksM~l vkSj jsX;qys'kal dk eryc fudkyus] mUgsa ykxw djus vkSj mudh O;k[;k
djus esaA
l CywfçaV~l] VsfDudy eSuqvYl] pkV~lZ vkSj vkjs[kksa ¼schematics½ dks i<+us vkSj muds vkèkkj ij dke
djus esaA
l Qk;j@ykbQ ls¶+Vh vykeZ vkSj lçs'ku flLVEl dk mi;ksx djus vkSj mudh fjis;j djus esaA
l tfVy Qk;j@ykbQ ls¶+Vh jsX;qys'kal] dksM vkSj ekudksa dks le>us vkSj mudh O;k[;k djus esaA
l iwjs fd, x, dk;ksZa ds lVhd fjd‚M~lZ vkSj fjiksV~lZ esUVsu ¼maintain½ djus esaA
l fofHkUu çdkj ds midj.kksa vkSj vkStkjksa dk lapkyu vkSj esUVsu djus esaA
l ekSf[kd vkSj fyf[kr vuqns'kksa dks le>us vkSj mudk ikyu djus esaA
l vko';drkuqlkj ls¶+Vh t:jrksa vkSj lqjf{kr dk;Z ç.kkfy;ksa ,oa rjhdksa dk ikyu djus esaA
l lg;ksxiw.kZ ¼cooperative½ dk;Z lacaèk LFkkfir djus vkSj mUgsa esUVsu djus esaA

1-2-3 dk;Z ifjfLFkfr;ka

i;kZoj.k:
l baMksj] dk;kZy; okrkoj.k vkSj vkmVMksj okrkoj.k] tyok;q ifjorZu ds lkFkA
l [krjukd ifjfLFkfr;kaA
l dke djus ds fy, ;k=k djuk Hkh 'kkfey gSA
'kkjhfjd vko';drk,a:
bl dke ds eq[; dk;ksZa dks djrs le; deZpkjh dks fu;fer :i ls [kM+k gksus] pyus] maxfy;ksa ls gSaMy ;k
vuqHko djus esa gkFk dk bLrseky djus] gkFkksa ;k ckagksa ls igqap cukus] >qdus] ?kqVus Vsdus] nqcddj cSBus] jsaxus
vkSj dHkh&dHkh 60 ikSaM rd ds Hkkjh lkekuksa dks mBkus vkSj@;k ykus&ys&tkus dh t:jr iM+rh gSA lkFk gh]
bl dke ls tqM+s t:jh dk;ksZa dks djus ds fy, bu 'kkjhfjd {kerkvksa dh Hkh vko';drk gksrh gSA
l lwpuk ds vknku&çnku ds fy, lquus vkSj cksyus dh {kerkA
l fLFkfr ds vuq:i dk;ksZa dks djus ds fy, gkFkksa dh n{krkA

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´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

l dk;Z dh ço`fÙk ds vuq:i feyus okys [krjksa vkSj tksf[keksa ds çfr tkx:d jgus ds fy, ns[kus dh {kerkA
l fu;fer :i ls [kM+s gksus] pyus vkSj yach vofèk ds fy, cSBus dh {kerkA
l p<+kbZ djus] >qdus] ?kqVus Vsdus] igqap cukus] èkdsyus] [khapus] idM+ cukus vkSj ckj&ckj nksgjk, tkus
dk;ksZa dks djus dh {kerkA
l fofHkUu Åapkb;ksa dh lhf<+;ka p<+us esaA
l rax txgksa] vVkfj;ksa vkSj lqjaxksa esa dq'kyrk ls dke djus esaA
l cgqr vfèkd Åapkb;ksa ij dke djus esaA

lkjka'k
l rsy ,oa xSl m|ksx esa rsy ,oa çk—frd xSl ds vUos"k.k ¼exploration½ ,oa mR[kuu ¼extraction½] laxgz .k
,oa çkslfs lax vkSj varr% vafre bLrseky ds fy, mudk forj.k djus dh fofHkUu çfØ;k,a 'kkfey gSAa
l ,utÊ lsDVj ds rhu eq[; {ks= gSa: viLVªhe] feMLVªhe vkSj MkmuLVªheA
l viLVªhe esa çk—frd xSl ;k dPps rsy dh vaMjxzkmaM ¼Hkwfexr½ vkSj vaMjokVj ¼ikuh ds uhps½ [kkstchu
'kkfey gSA
l feMLVªhe esa rsy vkSj xSl dk ifjogu] LVksjst vkSj çkslsflax djuk 'kkfey gksrk gSA
l MkmuLVªhe ls rkRi;Z dPps rsy dks fjQkbu djuk vkSj çk—frd xSl dks 'kq) djus ls gSA
l ljdkj dh o"kZ 2023 rd 5,000 dEçsLV ck;ks&xSl ¼lhchth½ IykaV~l yxkus dh ;kstuk gSA
l dPps rsy dk miHkksx o"kZ 2040 rd 3-60% dh lkykuk pØo`f) C;kt nj ls c<+dj 500 fefy;u Vu
gksus dh laHkkouk gSA
l çk—frd xSl dk miHkksx o"kZ 2040 rd 4-18% dh lkykuk pØo`f) C;kt nj ls c<+dj 143-08 fefy;u
Vu gksus dh laHkkouk gSA
l Hkkjr esa Mhty dh ekax o"kZ 2029&30 rd nksxquk gksdj 163 fefy;u Vu ¼MT½ gksus dh laHkkouk gSA
l ikbiykbu VsfDu'ku ,d rsy ;k xSl ikbiykbu flLVe ds lgh j[k&j[kko vkSj lapkyu ds fy,
mÙkjnk;h gksrk gSA
l ,d ikbiykbu VsfDu'ku esa lapkyu vkSj fu;a=.k djus] lekykspukRed rjhds ls lkspus] midj.kksa dk
j[k&j[kko djus vkSj xq.koÙkk fu;a=.k fo'ys"k.k djus tSls dkS'ky gksus pkfg,A

vH;kl
1- 249-9 fefy;u ehfVªd Vu ¼MMT½ dh fjQkbfuax {kerk ds lkFk Hkkjr 1 vDVwcj] 2020 dks ,f'k;k dk
nwljk lcls cM+k fjQkbuj ns'k FkkA ¼lgh@xyr½
2- Hkkjr] o"kZ 2011 esa tkiku] nf{k.k dksfj;k vkSj phu ds ckn fyfDoQkbM uSpqjy xSl ¼LNG½ dk pkSFkk
lcls cM+k vk;krd ns'k cukA ¼lgh@xyr½
3- okLrfod fMªfyax dk;ksZa vkSj rsy ,oa çk—frd xSl dks lrg ¼ljQsl½ rd ykus dks mRiknu dgrs gSaA bls
gh vDlj ^viLVªhe* dgdj lacksfèkr fd;k tkrk gSA
..........................................................................................................................................................
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10
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
4- ,sls rsy vkSj xSl mRikn] ftudk bLrseky —f=e ekuo vaxksa] Jo.k ;a=ksa vkSj vfXu'kkedksa dh j{kk djus
okys vfXu&jksèkh diM+ksa ds fuekZ.k esa Hkh fd;k tkrk gS] os gSaA
a) rsy vkSj çk—frd xSl
b) dPpk rsy vkSj çk—frd xSl
c) ,yihth vkSj çk—frd xSl
d) feêh dk rsy ¼dsjlhu½ vkSj ghfVax v‚by
5- OISD dk iw.kZ :i gS
..........................................................................................................................................................
6- Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku dh dksbZ nks Hkwfedk,a vkSj nkf;Ro fyf[k,A
..........................................................................................................................................................
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fVIif.k;ka

11
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

fVIif.k;ka

Scan the QR codes or click on the link to watch the related videos

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCqK7kHBpzg

Electrical Safety Measures in Workplace

12
2. Qk;j ls¶+Vh fu;eksa
ds vuq:i dk;Z{ks=
dks rS;kj djuk
;wfuV 2-1 ls¶+Vh ç.kkfy;ksa dks ykxw djuk
;wfuV 2-2 ls¶+Vh dk çn'kZu

,pokbZlh@,u 3601
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

lh[kus ds çeq[k ifj.kke

bl ekWMîwy ds var esa] çfrHkkxh l{ke gksaxs%
1- ls¶+Vh fu;eksa ds vuqlkj ls¶+Vh çfØ;kvksa dk ikyu djus esaA
2- Qk;j ls¶+Vh tkx#drk dk;ZØe ds fy, ls¶+Vh çn'kZu dk çcaèku djus esaA

14
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

;wfuV 2-1 Qk;j ls¶+Vh fu;eksa ds vuq:i dk;Z{ks= dks rS;kj djuk

;wfuV ds mís';
bl ;wfuV ds var esa] çfrHkkxh l{ke gksaxs%
1- dqfdax xSlksa ds çdkj vkSj muds xq.kksa dh igpku djus esaA
2- PNG la?kVu ds fcanq crkus esaA
3- Hkkjr esa uxj xSl forj.k vkSj blds ykHkksa ds ckjs esa crkus esaA
4- ?kjsyw PNG ds fofHkUu bLrseky crkus esaA
5- Toyu'khy xSl ds ewy xq.kksa dh O;k[;k djus esaA
6- Toyu'khy xSl dks dSls LVksj djsa] bldk o.kZu djus esaA

2-1-1 vkx ds çfr tkx#drk

vkx ,d jklk;fud fØ;k gksrh gSA bl fØ;k ds gksus vkSj tkjh jgus ds fy, rhu rRoksa dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA

fp=% 2-1-1- os rhu rRo] tks feydj vkx iSnk djrs gSa

1- ghV% vkx ds 'kq#vkrh çToyu] mls tyk, j[kus vkSj QSyus ds fy, ,d ghV ¼Å"ek½ lkslZ t:jh gksrk
gSA ghV] utnhdh bZaèku dks lq[kkdj ,oa çh&ghV djds vkSj pkjksa vksj dh gok dks xeZ djds vkx dks
QSyus esa enn djrh gSA
2- bZaèku% ;g fdlh Hkh çdkj dk Toyu'khy inkFkZ gksrk gSA vkxs dks yxkus ;k QSykus esa bldh Hkwfedk
blesa ueh dh ek=k] blds vkdkj] Lo:i ,oa ek=k vkSj fdl çdkj ;g ,d LFkku ij QSyk gqvk gS] ij
fuHkZj djrh gSA ueh dh ek=k gh eq[; :i ls ;g fuèkkZfjr djrh gS fd ;g fdruh vklkuh ls tysxkA
3- vkWDlhtu% gok esa yxHkx 21% v‚Dlhtu gksrh gS] vkSj T;knkrj vkx ds tyus ds fy, de ls de 16%
v‚Dlhtu dh t:jr gksrh gSA v‚Dlhtu] vkx yxus ds nkSjku gksus okyh jklk;fud fØ;k ds gksus esa
enn djrh gSA tc bZaèku tyrk gS] rks ;g vklikl mifLFkr v‚Dlhtu ds lkFk fØ;k djrk gS] ftlls
ghV fudyrh gS vkSj Toyu ¼combustion½ mRikn fudyrs gSa ¼xSlsa] èkqvka] vaxkjs vkfn½A ;g çfØ;k
v‚Dlhdj.k ¼oxidation½ dgykrh gSA

15
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

;s rhu rRo feydj ÞvfXu f=Hkqtß ¼fire triangle½ dgykrs gSaA vkx] gok esa bZaèku vkSj v‚Dlhtu ds chp gksus
okyh fØ;k dk ifj.kke gksrh gSA
vkx ds dkj.k
l bysfDVªdy% mnkgj.k ds fy, lfdZV~l ij gksus okyh vksojyksfMax] [kjkc] iqjkus ;k xyr dusD'kal ls
iSnk gksus okyh fpaxkfj;ka ;k iSnk gksus ghV lkslZ( bysfDVªdy midj.kksa ds [kjkc j[k&j[kko] osafVys'ku
;k dwfyax dh deh] LVSfVd bysfDVªflVh ¼static electricity½ vkfnA
l midj.kksa dk xeZ gksuk% mnkgj.k ds fy,] c‚bylZ ij lw[kus ds fy, NksM+s x, diM+s] [kqyh vkxksa ;k
LVksOl ij LikdZl xkMZ dk ugha gksuk] dwfyax ds nkSjku fcuk fdlh dh ns[k&js[k esa [kqyk NksM+uk]
Toyu'khy inkFkksZa ds ikl j[kuk] rkieku fu;a=.k dh [kjkc ç.kkyh dk gksuk vkfnA
l çfØ;k ds nkSjku gksus okys [krjs ¼process dangers½% mnkgj.k ds fy, e'khu dk vksojghV gksuk] ?k"kZ.k
ds pyrs iSnk gksus okyh ghV] vfu;af=r LikfdZax gksuk] dwfyax çfØ;k ds nkSjku [kjkc gksuk] jklk;fud
fØ;k] [kjkc xq.koÙkk dh osafVys'ku vkSj rkieku fu;a=.k çfØ;k vkfnA
l Toyu'khy èkwy% mnkgj.k ds fy, [kjkc bDLVªSD'ku ¼extraction½] ghV ;k LikdZ lkslZ ls çkslsl
çkfDlfeVh ¼process proximity½ gksuk] fdlh dUVSUeUV flLVe] e‚fuVfjax ;k es'kfjax ¼measuring½
flLVe dk ugha gksuk vkfnA
l ykijokgh% mnkgj.k ds fy, èkweziku( osfYMax] fMªfyax ;k dfVax ds nkSjku vi;kZIr iwoZ lkoèkkfu;ka j[kuk(
ls¶+Vh midj.kksa ds lkFk mèke ;k gLr{ksi djuk] lqj{kk xkM~lZ gVkuk vkfnA
l [kjkc j[k&j[kko% mnkgj.k ds fy, dk;Z{ks= vkSj midj.kksa dh eSUV~uUl dh deh] v‚by@¶;wy
ds fjlko vkSj fc[kjko dks utjankt djuk] fcUl ¼bins½ vkSj osLVckLdsV~l ¼wastebaskets½ dk
vksoj¶yks gksuk] Toyu'khy dpjs dks fMLikst djus dh lgh çfØ;k dk ugha gksuk vkfnA
l Lor% çToyu ¼spontaneous combustion½% mnkgj.k ds fy, jlk;uksa dks lgh rkieku ij ugha
LVksj djuk] jlk;uksa dks xyr rjhds ls fefJr djuk] Toyu'khy inkFkksZa vkSj dpjs dks fcuk fdlh dh
ns[k&js[k esa [kqyk NksM+uk vkfnA
l xyr fu.kZ; vkSj ekuoh; HkwyA
l Qk;j ls¶+Vh fn'kk&funZs'kksa dk ikyu djus esa vlQy jgukA
l [kjkc bysfDVªdy midj.kksa dk nq#i;ksx djukA
vkx dk oxÊdj.k
blls igys fd ge vkxs c<+sa vkSj vkx yxus ls jksdus ,oa blds fy, t:jh ls¶+Vh midj.kksa ds ckjs esa vè;;u
djsa] gesa fofHkUu çdkj dh vkxksa ds ckjs esa le>uk t:jh gSA ;g tkudkjh csgn egRoiw.kZ gS] D;ksafd blls
vkidks lacafèkr vkx dks cq>kus ds fy, leqfpr ekè;e dk p;u djus esa enn fey ldrh gSA

16
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

vkx ds çdkj
Class A
;s vkx lkfyM eSVsfj;y ¼Bksl inkFkksZa½ ls lacafèkr gksrh gSa ¼ydM+h] isij] diM+k]
dwM+k] jcM+ ,oa IykfLVd] pkdkZsy vkfn½

Class B
;s vkx Toyu'khy æoksa ls lacafèkr gksrh gSa ¼isaV] Mht+y] xSlyhu] isVªksfy;e v‚by]
vkSj isaV½

Class C
;s vkx Toyu'khy xSlksa ls lacafèkr gksrh gSa ¼ÅtkZ ls pyus okys bysfDVªdy
midj.k tSls& eksVj] ;a=] VªkalQ‚eZj( çksisu] vkSj esFkSu½A bysfDVªdy midj.k
tSls& vIykbvUl ¼;a=½] okbfjax] vkSj czsdj iSuYl] vkfnA
tc vkx fctyh dh lIykbZ çkIr ugha dj jgh gS] rc bl çdkj dh vkx Class
A, B vkSj D çdkj dh vkx cu tkrh gSA
Class D
;s vkx Toyu'khy èkkrqvksa ls lacafèkr gksrh gSa ¼Toyu'khy eSVsfj;Yl tSls
,Y;qfefu;e] lksfM;e] iksVSf'k;e] eSXusf'k;e½A
;s vkx cgqr vfèkd rkieku ij tyrh gSa vkSj bUgsa cq>kus ds fy, fo'ks"k dkjdksa
¼,tsaV~l½ dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA

Class E
;s vkx fctyh ls pyus okys lkekuksa] okbfjax vkSj bysfDVªdy midj.kksa ls lacafèkr
gksrh gSaA
;s vkx [kjkc ghVlZ ;k bysfDVdy midj.kksa ds vksojghV gksus ds pyrs yxrh gSaA

Class K
;s vkx [kk| rsy vkSj ouLifr olk ¼vegetable fat½ ,oa i'kq olk ¼aanimal fat½
ls lacafèkr gksrh gSaA

rkfydk% 2-1-1 vkx dk oxÊdj.k

17
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

2-1-2 Qk;j ls¶+Vh çfØ;kvksa ls ifjp;

blesa dksbZ jgL; ugha gS fd rsy dh fMªfyax] ifjogu vkSj gSaMfyax ,d csgn [krjukd dke gSA vkx vkSj foLQksV
gksus dh laHkkouk bl m|ksx ds fy, lcls xaHkhj tksf[keksa esa ls ,d gSA

rsy vkSj xSl lqfoèkkvksa esa vkx ls cpko ds mik;

vfèkdrj dk;ZLFkyksa ds ikl vkx ls cpus dh i;kZIr çfØ;k,a vkSj fu;a=.k gksrs gSa] ysfdu rsy vkSj xSl lkbV~l
¼sites½ ij blds fy, dqN fo'ks"k çkoèkku gksus pkfg,A ,d lkekU; rsy vkSj xSl lkbV ij vkx yxus ls tqM+s
fofHkUu [krjs gksrs gSa] tSls&
l rsy] xSl vkSj muds lg&mRiknksa ls fudyus okyh Toyu'khy ok"iA
l çk—frd :i ls fudyus okyh xSlsa ¼csUt+hu] esFkSu] gkbMªkstu lYQkbM vkfn½A
l VªkbZ&,Fkhyhu Xykbdksy ¼Triethylene glycol½A
l feujy fLçVl vkSj nwljs Dyhfuax dsfedYlA
l dEçsllZ] ghVj VªhVlZ ¼treaters½ vkSj rsy ,oa xSl mRiUu djus okys nwljs midj.kA
l bysfDVªdy midj.kA
l g‚V odZ ¼Hot work½A
l lw[kh ?kkl] >kM+h ;k ouLifrA
tgka Hkh ,d ghV lkslZ] ,d ¶;wy lkslZ vkSj v‚Dlhtu mifLFkr gksrs gSa] ogka vkx yx ldrh gSA blfy, dfeZ;ksa
ds fy, ;g t:jh gS fd os vkx dks 'kq: gksus ls jksdus vkSj mudh lkbV ij vkx yxus ij D;k fd;k tk,]
;g tkuus esa l{ke gksus pkfg,aA
1- Toyu'khy inkFkksZa dh gSaMfyax% Toyu'khy inkFkZ bl çdkj ls LVksj vkSj bLrseky fd, tkus pkfg,] fd
mudk vkx çTofyr djus okys lzksrksa ls laidZ gh ugha gksA Toyu'khy inkFkksZa ds NksVs dUVSulZ flQZ
Qk;j&çwQ dSfcusV~l esa gh LVksj fd;k tkus pkfg,A Toyu'khy æoksa vkSj nwljs eSVsfj;Yl LVksj djus
okys vuqeksfnr LVksjst dSfcusV~l ÞToyu'khy] nwj jgsaß ds lkFk yscy fd, gksus pkfg,aA Toyu'khy
eSVsfj;Yl dh cM+h ek=k,a vkx çTofyr djus okys lzksrksa ls nwj lkbV ij gh vyx VSadksa ;k vyx
fcfYMax esa LVksj fd, tkus pkfg,aA.
vkx yxkus okys ydM+h] isij ;k diM+s tSls fdlh Hkh eSVsfj;y
dks çTofyr lzksrksa vkSj Toyu'khy eSVsfj;Yl ls nwj j[kuk pkfg,A
dfeZ;ksa dks lHkh Toyu'khy eSVsfj;Yl dks vuqeksfnr dUVSulZ esa gh
VªkaliksVZ djuk pkfg,] lcls de Toyu'khy eSVsfj;y dks dke esa
bLrseky djuk pkfg, vkSj mldh flQZ mruh gh ek=k bLrseky FLAMMABLE
Toyu'khy

djuh pkfg,] ftruh dke iwjk djus ds fy, t:jh gksA

Toyu'khy æoksa dks iksVZscy dUVSulZ esa mM+syrs le; dfeZ;ksa dks KEEP FIRE AWAY

;g lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg, fd ewy dUVSuj tehu ij j[kk gS vkSj

iksVZscy dUVSuj lkslZ dUVSuj ls tqM+k ¼bonded½ gqvk gSA ;fn
,d VSad ;k lkslZ dUVSuj ds ikl iksVZscy dUVSulZ ds fy, ckfUMax
dscy ¼bonding cable½ gS] rks dfeZ;ksa dks iksVZscy dUVSuj dks fp=% 2-1-2- okfuZax ¼psrkouh½ yscy
gj ckj Hkjrs le; bls bLrseky djuk pkfg,A
var esa] ,d fjx ¼rig½ lkbV ij midj.kksa dks lkQ djus esa
bLrseky fd, tkus okyk dksbZ Hkh jSx ¼rag½ Toyu'khy eSVsfj;Yl ls dksV ¼coat½ fd;k gqvk gks ldrk
gSA tc rd mUgsa lkQ fd;k tk, ;k lkbV ls gVk;k tk,] rc rd bls ,d vuqeksfnr vkSj Qk;j&çwQ
fMLikst+y dUVSuj esa fMLikst+ fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

18
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

2- gkmldhfiax ¼j[k&j[kko½% fjx lkbV dks lkQ vkSj lqO;ofLFkr j[kus ls uk flQZ lkbV ij vkx yxus
dk [krjk de gksrk gS] cfYd blls vkx yxus dh fLFkfr esa vklkuh ls ckgj fudyus esa Hkh enn feyrh
gSA iSny pyus ds lHkh jkLrs] ckgj fudyus ds jkLrs] QqVikFk vkSj okgu pyus ds LFkku midj.kksa vkSj
dpjs ls eqä gksus pkfg,A ckgj fudyus okys jkLrksa] vykeZ vkSj nwljs vkikrdkyhu midj.kksa ds jkLrs
esa #dkoV cuus okyh fdlh Hkh oLrq dks gVk nsuk pkfg,A
lHkh jks'kuh nsus okys vkSj vkikrdkyhu midj.k vPNh ofdZax dfUM'ku ¼fLFkfr½ esa gksus pkfg,A {kfrxzLr
midj.k ;k iqjkus gks pqds cYc dh ;k rks rqjar ejEer dh tkuh pkfg, ;k mUgsa cny fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
3- vkap jksèkh diM+s ¼Flame-resistant clothing – FRC½% rsy vkSj xSl deÊ dk vkx ds dbZ [krjksa ls
lkeuk gksrk gS] blfy, dk;ZLFkyh; laj{kk ,oa LokLF; ç'kklu ¼occupational safety and health
administration - OSHA½ rsy ,oa xSl dfeZ;ksa dks vDlj vkap jksèkh diM+s ;k FRC miyCèk djkrs gSaA

fp=% 2-1-3 vkap jksèkh diM+s ¼Flame-resistant clothing – FRC½

FRC ,sls eSVsfj;y ls cus gksrs gSa] tks ,d ckj çToyu ¼ignition½ lkslZ ds gVus ds ckn tyuk can
gks tkrs gSa vkSj tks lfØ; yiVksa ds fo#) LFkk;h bUlys'ku ¼vojksèk½ miyCèk djkrs gSaA lfoZl dk;ksZa]
mRiknu dk;ksZa ;k ,d lfØ; gkbMªksdkcZu t+ksu esa fMªfyax tSls ¶yS'k&Qk;j ¼flash fire½ fjLd okys
dk;ksZa dks djus ds nkSjku FRC dh vko';drk iM+rh gSaA
bl ckr dk è;ku j[ksa fd ÞyiV&jksèkhß gksuk] ÞQk;j&çwQß gksus ds leku ugha gksrk gSA ;fn ,d [kqyh
yiV tSlk dksbZ çTofyr lkslZ mifLFkr gS] rks FRC ty tk,axsA FRC dbZ çdkj ds vkSj dbZ jsfVax
esa vkrs gSaA ¶yS'k Qk;j ls cpko ds fy, igus x, FRC, ,d lfØ; isVªksfy;e Qk;j dks cq>kus tSlh
fdlh vuojr ¼sustained½ ifjfLFkfr ls fucVus ds fy, vDlj jsV ugha dh tkrh gSA
dfeZ;ksa ds FRC esa ,d yach ckag okyh ckgjh ijr vkSj yach iSaV~l gksuh pkfg,A ;g muds }kjk igus x,
diM+ksa dh lcls ckgjh ijr gksus pkfg,] flok; ml fLFkfr ds tc mUgksaus dksbZ dsfedy ,sçu ¼apron½
;k vU; çksVsfDVo dofjax ugha iguh gksA dksbZ gkMZ gSV ;k vU; gsMxh;j Hkh FRC-jsVsM gksuk pkfg,A
u‚u&VªhfVM i‚yh,LVsj ¼non-treated polyester½ vkSj nwljs flUFksfVd eSVsfj;Yl vkx ds dkj.k deÊ
dh Ropk ij fi?ky ldrs gSaA blfy, dfeZ;ksa dks vius FRC ds vanj flQZ lwrh ;k Åu tSls uSpqjy
eSVsfj;Yl gh iguus pkfg,A
FRC dh eSUV~uUl] Dyhfuax vkSj fjis;j djus dh fo'ks"k t:jrsa gksrh gSaA bu t:jrksa ds iwjk ugha gksus
dh fLFkfr esa eSVsfj;y viuh Qk;j çksVsD'ku jsfVax [kks Hkh ldrk gSA {kfrxzLr FRC dks rqjar cny
tkuk pkfg,A
4- bZetZUlh ,D'ku Iyku ¼vkikrdkyhu dk;Zokgh ;kstuk½% lkbV~l ij ,d fyf[kr bZetZUlh ,D'ku Iyku
gksuk pkfg,] ftlesa vkx] [kjkc ekSle] jlk;uksa ds fjlko vkSj nwljh vkikrdkyhu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds nkSjku
v‚u&lkbV dfeZ;ksa }kjk mBk, tkus okys lHkh dne Li"V :i ls fy[ks gksus pkfg,A

19
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

;g Iyku] vkidh odZ lkbV ds fy, ;wuhd ¼fof'k"V½ gksuk pkfg, vkSj blesa] vkidh odZ lkbV ds lHkh
vykeZ] muds eryc vkSj gj vykeZ dks lquus ds ckn vkidks ,oa vkids lgdfeZ;ksa dks D;k djuk pkfg,]
;g 'kkfey gksuk pkfg,A Iyku esa lkbV ds gj {ks= ls ckgj fudyus dh çfØ;k,a] vkx ;k nwljs
vkikrdkyksa dks fjiksVZ djuk vkSj ,d vkikrdky ds nkSjku dkSu ls dfeZ;ksa ds fo'ks"k nkf;Ro gksaxs] ;g
Hkh doj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

fp=% 2-1-4- bZetZUlh ,D'ku Iyku

dbZ lkbV~l vkSj IykaV~l vyx&vyx çdkj ds vkikrdkyksa dks crkus ds fy, fofHkUu çdkj ds v‚Mcy
¼audible½ vkSj fotqvy ¼visual) vykeZ dk bLrseky djrs gSaA vkx yxus ;k ,sls nwljs vkikrdky]
ftuds nkSjku yksxksa dks ckgj fudkyus dh vko';drk iM+rh gS] ds nkSjku vkerkSj ij ^LVSUMMZ v‚Mcy
bZetZUlh boSD;w,'ku flXuy* uke ds ,d fof'k"V] Fkzh&iYl iSVuZ ¼three-pulse pattern½ dk bLrseky
fd;k tkrk gSA dqN lkbV~l g‚uZ] lk;ju ;k ?kafV;ksa dk Hkh bLrseky dj ldrs gSaA lkbV ij fotqvy
vykeZ Hkh miyCèk gks ldrs gSa vkSj blesa ¶ySf'kax ;k fLFkj ykbV gks ldrh gSA
5- vfXu'kked dk bLrseky% vfXu'kkedksa dks vyx&vyx çdkj dh vkx ds vuq:i jsV fd;k tkrk
gSA vfèkdrj vfXu'kked 'kq"d jklk;fud bfDLVaxfXo'kj ¼extinguisher½ gksrs gSa] tksfd class a dh
lkfyM&¶;wy vkx] class b dh Toyu'khy&æo vkx vkSj class c dh bysfDVªdy vkx dks cq>k ldrs
gSaA dqN cM+s rsy ,oa xSl midj.kksa esa vkx dks cq>kus ;k nckus okys eSVsfj;Yl varfuZfgr ¼built-in½
gksrs gSa] tcfd nwljs midj.kksa ds ikl ;k mu ij LVksj fd, gq, iksVZscy bfDLVaxfXo'kj gksrs gSaA
gkykafd] flQZ çf'kf{kr dfeZ;ksa dks gh vkx cq>kus dh dksf'k'k djuh pkfg,] ysfdu gj deZpkjh] ckgj
fudyus okys jkLrs dks Dyh;j djus esa bfDLVaxfXo'kj dk bLrseky djus esa çf'kf{kr gksuk pkfg,A ,d
vfXu'kked dks bLrseky djus ds pj.kksa dks ÞPASSß ,sØfue ¼ifjo.kÊ 'kCn½ ls ;kn fd;k tk ldrk gSA

PASS
PULL AIM SQUEEZE SWEEP

fiu dks iqy ukt+y dks ,se ¼aim yhoj dks LDoht+ ,dSweep
Squeeze vksj ls nwfrom
ljh vksj
Pull the pin Aim the nozzle
¼pull½ dhft, – yf{kr½ dhft, ¼squeeze½
the lever ¼sweep
dhft, Lohiside ½ dhft,
to side

fp=% 2-1-5 vfXu'kked dk bLrseky

20
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

2-1-3 ifeZV Vw odZ ¼Permit to work½

,d ifeZV Vw odZ ¼ihVhMCY;w½ flLVe ,d ,slk nLrkost gksrk gS] tks fd, tkus okys dke] mlesa 'kkfey gksus okys
lHkh laHkkfor [krjksa ds fy, yh tkus okyh iwoZ&lkoèkkfu;ksa dk fuèkkZj.k djrk gS vkSj midj.k dks gSaMvksoj djrs
le; mldh voLFkk dks fjd‚MZ djrk gSA ;g nLrkost vius&vki esa dke dks lqjf{kr ugha cukrk gS] cfYd ;g
dke djus ds rjhds dks Qqy&çwQ cukrk gSA
odZ ifeZV~l dh t:jr ,sls dkeksa ds fy, gksrh gS] ftuesa ,d deZpkjh dks rax txgksa esa ?kqlus ,oa dke djus(
fctyh ds midj.kksa dh fjis;j] eSUV~uUl ;k fujh{k.k djus ;k cM+s vFkok tfVy midj.kksa dk bLrseky djus
dh vko';drk gksrh gSA

ifeZV&Vw&odZ flLVe dh Hkwfedk vkSj mís';

tc ,d dke ds nkSjku xaHkhj pksV igqapus ;k e`R;q gksus dh laHkkouk jgrh gS] rks ;g t:jh gS fd mu dk;Z
çfØ;kvksa dks vkSipkfjd :i fn;k tk,] ftu ij lgefr cuh gSA blls fn'kk&funZs'kksa ds ikyu esa pwd gksus]
mUgsa Hkwy tkus ;k mudk xyr vFkZ fudkyus ls cpko gksrk gSA
lkFk gh] Bsdsnkj ¼occupier½ ;k lqijokbtj vkSj os deZpkjh] ftUgsa ;g dke lkSaik x;k gS] os ;g lR;kfir dj
ldsaxs fd dke 'kq: djus ls igys ;k dke ds nkSjku lHkh t:jrksa vkSj 'krksZa dks iwjk dj fy;k x;k gSA

ifeZV ds çdkj
ifeZV&Vw&odZ ¼ihVhMCY;w½ fofHkUu çdkj ds ifjpkyuksa ¼operations½ vkSj dkeksa dks doj djrk gSA dqN ,sls
dke] ftuds fy, ifeZV~l ds ckjs esa fopkj djuk pkfg,] muds mnkgj.k uhps fn, x, gSaA
l ,sls dke ftuesa ghV dk bLrseky gksrk gS ;k ghV iSnk gksrh gS] mnkgj.k ds fy, osfYMax] xzkbfUMax]
vkfnA
l ,slk dke] ftlesa ,d Toyu'khy ;k [krjukd inkFkZ ds dUVSUeUV ¼containment½ dks rksM+k tkuk
gSA
l ,slk dke] ftlesa ,d çs'kj flLVe ds dUVSUeUV dks rksM+k tkuk gSA
l bysfDVªdy midj.kksa ij dkeA
l VSadksa vkSj nwljh rax txgksa ij dkeA
l ÅapkbZ ij dkeA
l ,slk dke] ftlesa [krjukd inkFkZ 'kkfey gSaA
l osy bUVoZsU'ku ¼Well intervention½A
l Mkbfoax v‚ijs'kal ¼Diving operations½A
l ,slk dke] ftlesa çs'kj VsfLVax djuk 'kkfey gSA
1- gkWV odZ ifeZV% ;g ,sls dke ds fy, tkjh ¼issue½ fd;k tkrk gS] ftlesa Toyu'khy ok"i j[kus okys
osly ;k midj.k ij ghV ;k fdlh bfXu'ku lkslZ ¼ignition source½ dks vIykbZ fd;k tkrk gSA
lkFk gh] ,sls {ks=ksa ds fy, Hkh] ftuesa ,d Toyu'khy okrkoj.k gks ldrk gSA g‚V odZ ifeZV vkerkSj
ij yky jax esa ;k jsM&,TM ¼red-edged½ gksrs gSaA
2- dksYM odZ ifeZV% ;g ,sls dkeksa ds fy, tkjh fd;k tkrk gS] ftuesa [krjukd xfrfofèk;ka 'kkfey gksrh
gSa vkSj os g‚V odZ ifeZV }kjk doj ugha fd, tkrs gSaA
3- bysfDVªdy odZ ifeZV% tSlk fd bldk uke n'kkZrk gS] tc fdlh lqjf{kr midj.k ;k ,d lfdZV
ij dke fd;k tkrk gS] rc bl ifeZV dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA ,d ykbo ¼lfØ;½ midj.k ij
dHkh Hkh bl ifeZV dk bLrseky ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

21
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

4- dUQkbUM Lisll~ ,aVªh lfVZfQdsV ¼Confined spaces entry certificate½% tc dke djus ds
fy, fdlh rax txg esa ?kqluk t:jh gS] rc bl lfVZfQdsV dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA buesa] mu
lHkh t:jh iwoZ&lkoèkkfu;ksa dk ftØ fd;k tkuk pkfg,] ftuls ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tk lds fd
rax txg esa ços'k djus ls igys] ogka ls [krjukd èkqvksa ;k ,d v‚Dlhtu dh deh okys okrkoj.k
dks lekIr dj fy;k x;k gSA gkykafd] lfVZfQdsV dks ;g lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg, fd rax txg ne
?kksaVus okyh xSlksa ;k [krjukd èkqvksa ls eqä gS] bls nwljs tgjhys lzksrksa ls gksus okys fdlh Hkh laHkkfor
uqdlku ls cpus esa lgk;d iwoZ&lkoèkkfu;ksa dks Hkh fof'k"V :i ls mfYyf[kr djuk pkfg,A tSls&
l nwljs lzksrksa ls fudyus okys ok;qtfur lanw"kdksa ¼airborne contaminants½ dk ços'k gksukA
l rax txg ds vanj gh vo'ks"kdksa ¼residues½ ls [krjukd èkqvksa dk fudyukA
l v‚Dlhdj.k gksus ds pyrs gksus okyh v‚Dlhtu esa dehA
bu iwoZ&lkoèkkfu;ksa esa 'kkfey fd, tk ldrs gSa :
l QksLMZ osafVys'ku ¼forced ventilation½ dk bLrsekyA
l Üolu midj.kksa ¼breathing apparatus½ lfgr O;fäxr lqj{kk midj.kksa ¼PPE½ dh O;oLFkkA

2-1-4 vfXu lqj{kk ds ladsr ¼Fire safety signs½

vfèkdrj yksx vfXu lqj{kk ladsrksa dks gYds esa ysrs gSaA fdlh vke fnu Hkys gh dksbZ mu ij è;ku ugha fn;k
tk,] ysfdu ,d okLrfod vkikrdky ds nkSjku ;s ladsr ftanxh vkSj ekSr ds chp ds varj gks ldrs gSaA blls
otg ls ;s fdlh lkbV dh vfXu lqj{kk j.kuhfr ds vfHkUu egRoiw.kZ fgLls gksrs gSaA fofHkUu çdkj ds vfXu lqj{kk
ladsrksa dks uhps ns[k ldrs gSaA
vfXu lqj{kk ladsr brus egRoiw.kZ D;ksa gksrs gSa\
;g csgn t:jh gS fd fcfYMax@lkbV esa ekStwn gj O;fä dks utnhdh Qk;j ,fXtV] ,Ldsi :V~l ¼ckgj
fudkyus ds jkLrs½ vkSj vfXu'keu ;a= dgka feysaxs] bldh Hkfy&Hkkafr tkudkjh gksuh pkfg,A tc dksbZ vkx
yxrh gS] rc vfXu ladsr fdlh Hkh dk;ZLFky ij dke djus okys yksxksa dk ekxZn'kZu djus esa vge Hkwfedk
fuHkkrs gSaA
vfXu ladsrksa ds oxZ
fofHkUu çdkj ds vfXu lqj{kk ladsr] tksfd fdlh lkbV@fctuslksa ds ikl vo'; gksus pkfg,] os gSa%
vkx yxus ls cpkus okys:
l fu"ksèk ¼Prohibition½ ladsr% og ladsr] tks bl oxZ esa 'kkfey
gksrs gSa] muesa Þèkweziku ughaß ¼no smoking½ uksfVl 'kkfey gksrs
gSaA ;s lans'k mu fu"ksèk dk;ksZa dks n'kkZrs gSa] ftuls vkx dk tksf[ke
¼fjLd½ c<+rk gSA
l vko';d ¼Mandatory½ lans'k% ;s ladsr mu dneksa dks n'kkZrs
gSa] ftUgsa Qk;j jsX;qys'kUl ¼regulations½ ds vuqikyu esa vo';
mBkuk pkfg,A ,d vko';d ladsr dk mnkgj.k gS ,d ÞvfXu NO
njokts dks can j[ksaß ¼fire door keep shut½ uksfVlA SMOKING
l psrkouh ladsr% ;s ladsr yksxksa dks Toyu'khy inkFkksZa dh mifLFkfr
ds ckjs esa tkx:d j[kus ds fy, t:jh gksrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,]
,d LVksj vkyekjh] ftuesa laHkkfor [krjukd æoksa dks j[kk tkrk fp=% 2-1-6- fu"ksèk ¼Prohibition½ ladsr
gSA

22
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

vkx ls ckgj fudyus vkSj vkx dks cq>kus esa enn ds fy,
l lqjf{kr fLFkfr ladsr ¼Safe condition signs½% ;g ladsr ,d vkikrdky ls fucVus vkSj fcfYMax
ls ckgj fudyus esa enn djus okys Qk;j ,Ldsi :V~l] Qk;j vlsacyh i‚baV~l vkSj çkFkfed fpfdRlk
midj.k dh vksj ladsr djrs gSaA
l Qk;j ,fXtV ladsr% Qk;j ,fXtV~l dh yksds'ku ¼location½ dks crkus ds fy, bu ladsrksa dh t:jr
iM+rh gS] rkfd fcfYMax ls ckgj fudyus okys yksxksa dks tYnh ls ;g irk py tk,] fd mUgsa fdl
njokts dh vksj tkuk gSA
l vfXu midj.k ladsr% ;s uksfVl] yksxksa dks vfXu'kked ;a=ksa tSls bfDLVaxfXo'klZ ;k Qk;j gkst+l~ vkSj
Qk;j vykeZ ,sfDVos'ku ¼activation½ {ks=ksa dh fn'kk fn[kkrs gSaA fcfYMax ds ysvkmV ds vkèkkj ij] ;fn
midj.k vius vki gh vPNh rjg ls fn[kkbZ iM+ jgk gS] rks 'kk;n bldh t:jr ugha Hkh iM+rh gSA
l vfrfjä lwpuk ladsr% vfrfjä lwpuk nsus ds fy,] bu ladsrksa esa ,d fn'kk fn[kkus okyk rhj ;k
vklikl ds uksfVlksa dks foLrkj ls le>kus okyh iBuh; lkexzh ¼text½ gks ldrh gSA

fp=% 2-1-7- ,fXtV ladsr

Qk;j ls¶+Vh ladsrksa dh dyj&dksfMax dSls dh tkrh gS\

Åij fn, x, Qk;j ls¶+Vh ds oxÊdj.k dk vyx&vyx jaxksa vkSj Lo:iksa ds lkFk ekudhdj.k ¼standardisation½
fd;k x;k gSA urhtru] os rqjar gh igpkus tk ldrs gSa vkSj ,d vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr esa rsth ls mudk vFkZ
fudkyk tk ldrk gSA
1- Qk;j ,fXtV ladsrksa dk jax% vkx ls ckgj fudyus ls tqM+s Qk;j ls¶+Vh ladsr
gjs jax ds gksrs gSa] tksfd Þtkusß ds fy, loZHkkSfed ¼;wfuolZy½ jax cu pqdk
gSA bl çdkj ds uksfVl cukoV esa oxZ ¼LDosj½ ;k vk;kr ¼rectangle½ gksrs FIRE
gSa vkSj mu ij lQsn jax ls fy[kk tkrk gSA ,fXtV uksfVlksa dks çdk'keku
¼illuminated½ j[kus dh t:jr iM+ ldrh gS] rkfd os vfXu njokts ladsr
EXIT
vuqns'kksa ds vuqikyu esa gksaA çdk'k dh fofHkUu fLFkfr;ksa esa mUgsa n'kZuh;
¼fot+cy½ cukus ds fy, bZetZUlh ykbfVax dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA
2- vfXu midj.k ladsrksa dk jax% ,slk dksbZ Hkh Qk;j ls¶+Vh ladsr] tks vfXu'keu
midj.k ls lacafèkr gksrs gSa] os yky jax ds gksrs gSaA ;g Lo;a midj.k ds
vuq:i gh gksrk gS] ftldk yky jax dk gh gksuk t:jh gSA bu ladsrksa ij
fy[kkoV vkSj fp= lQsn jax ds cuk, tkrs gSaA bl çdkj ds ladsr dk ,d
mnkgj.k ,d Qk;j gkst+ uksfVl gS] tksfd vfXu'keu midj.k dh yksds'ku dks
n'kkZrk gSA

23
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

3- uhys vkSj lQsn LokLF; ,oa lqj{kk ladsrksa dk vFkZ% lQsn fy[kokV ds lkFk
uhys lqj{kk ladsr mu vko';d iwoZ&lkoèkkfu;ksa dks n'kkZrs gSa] ftudk ikyu
,d fcfYMax ds vanj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;s vko';d ladsr cukoV esa AUTOMATIC
xksykdkj gksrs gSaA bl çdkj ds ladsr dk ,d tkuk&ekuk mnkgj.k ,d vkx FIRE DOOR
yxus dh ?kVuk ds nkSjku lqj{kk nsus okyk ,d ÞvfXu njoktk] can j[ksaß uksfVl KEEP CLEAR
gSA

4- ihys lqj{kk ladsr D;k lans'k nsrs gSa\ ihys lqj{kk lans'k psrkouh ladsr nsrs gSa
vkSj ;s f=Hkqt dh cukoV esa gksrs gSaA bu ij ,d dkyk fpUg gksrk gS] tks fdlh
fo'ks"k {ks= esa ik, tkus okys [krjs dks n'kkZrk gSA ,d ihys jaxs ds psrkouh
lans'k dk mnkgj.k gS ,d vfXu tksf[ke fpUg ¼Qk;j fjLd lkbu½A

rkfydk% 2-1-2 vfXu lqj{kk ds ladsr vkSj jax

vfXu lqj{kk ladsrksa ds oxksZa ds mnkgj.k

vfXu lqj{kk ladsr dk çdkj ladsr dk jax ladsr dh lans'k ladsr dk mnkgj.k
cukoV

vko';d ladsr] tks ;g lQsn fy[kkoV

vfXu njoktk] FIRE DOOR
dh tkuh ^pkfg,*] okys ;k ladsrksa ds lkFk xksykdkj KEEP SHUT
can j[ksa
fØ;kdykiksa dks n'kkZrs gSa uhyk

lQsn cSdxzkmaM
fu"ksèk ¼prohibition½ ¼i`"BHkwfe½ ds lkFk dksbZ fpaxkjh
fpUg] ^ugha djus pkfg,* yky vkmV~ykbu ;k yiV ugha
xksykdkj
okys fØ;kdykiksa dks n'kkZrs ¼[kkdk½ vkSj ¼no naked
gSa chp esa ,d yky flames½
LVªkbd ¼strike½

psrkouh ladsr] tks ,d

dkys fooj.k ds vfXu tksf[ke
fcfYMax esa vfXu tksf[ke f=Hkqtkdkj
lkFk ihyk ¼Qk;j fjLd½
dks n'kkZrs gSa

lqjf{kr fLFkfr vkSj Qk;j lQsn fy[kkoV

Qk;j ,fXtV bl
,fXtV ladsr] tks ,Ldsi vkSj ladsrksa ds vk;rkdkj
vksj gS
:V n'kkZrs gSa lkFk gjk

24
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

vfXu lqj{kk ladsr dk çdkj ladsr dk jax ladsr dh lans'k ladsr dk mnkgj.k
cukoV
vfXu'kked ;a= ladsr] tks lQsn fy[kkoV
yksxksa dks vfXu'kkedksa vkSj vkSj ladsrksa ds
gkst+l~ dh fn'kk crkrs gSa lkFk yky xksykdkj ;k vfXu'kked ;gka
vk;rkdkj vofLFkr gS
FIRE
EXTINGUISHER

vfrfjä fn'kk fn[kkus ds gjk] yky ;k ihyk

fy, vfrfjä lwpuk ladsr lfgr dbZ jax ckgj fudyus
vk;rkdkj dk jkLrk ¼,Ldsi
:V½

rkfydk% 2-1-3 vfXu lqj{kk ladsrksa dk oxÊdj.k

2-1-5 vfXu lqj{kk midj.k

vfXu lqj{kk midj.k dbZ çdkj ds gksrs gSaA gj midj.k] vyx&vyx okrkoj.k esa vyx&vyx çdkj dh vkxksa
ls fucVus dk dke djrs gSaA
1- vfXu'kked% vfèkdrj fcfYMaxksa esa gkFk ls pyus okys vfXu'keu ;a= gksrs gSaA bl çdkj ds midj.k
NksVh vkxksa dks] muds QSydj fu;a=.k ls gksus ls igys] mUgsa cq>kus esa enn djus ds fy, cus gksrs gSaA
iksVZscy Qk;j bfDLVaxfXo'klZ fofHkUu çdkj ds vkx cq>kus okys ,tsaV~l ds lkFk miyCèk gksrs gSaA ,d
iksVZscy bfDLVaxfXo'kj esa vkx cq>kus okys ;s inkFkZ 'kkfey gks ldrs gSa%
ikuh
l

l Qkse

l 'kq"d ¼Mªkb½ ikmMj

l dkcZu&MkbZ&v‚DlkbM

l ue jlk;u ¼Wet chemical½

2- Qk;j CySadsV~l ¼Fire Blankets½% Qk;j CySadsV ne?kksaVw ¼smother½ class f çdkj dh vkxksa ds fy,
fMtkbu fd, tkrs gSaA blfy, Qk;j CySadsV~l dks jlksbZ ds okrkoj.k esa vfèkd yxk;k tkrk gS] tgka
class f çdkj dh vkxksa ds yxus dk [krjk vfèkd jgrk gSA
3- Qk;j gkst+ jhYl ¼Fire hose reels½% Qk;j gkst+ jhYl class a vkxksa dks cq>kus ds fy, vkn'kZ gksrh
gSaA ;kfu] isij] jcM+] ydM+h] vkSj nwljs vlaoguh; ¼non-conductive½ inkFkksZa ls yxus okyh vkxA
pwafd Qk;j gkst+ jhYl ls ikuh fudyrk gS] blfy, budk bLrseky bysfDVªdy vkx dks cq>kus esa ugha
fd;k tk ldrk gSA bysfDVªdy vkx ls fucVus ds fy, nwljs çdkj ds Qk;j ls¶+Vh midj.k fMtkbu
fd, tkrs gSaA tSls – dkcZu&MkbZ&v‚DlkbM vfXu'kkedA
4- ladsr% lHkh vfXu midj.kksa ij ekud ladsr yxs gksus pkfg,A ,slk] mi;ksxdrkZvksa dks ,d vkikrdky
ds nkSjku midj.k dh yksds'ku vkSj mlds çdkj dh igpku djus esa enn djrk gSA vfXu lqj{kk ladsrksa
ds fy, fofHkUu çdkj ds fn'kk&funZs'kksa dk ikyu fd;k tkrk gSA

25
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

5- fLçaxDylZ% ;g cgqr rsth ls çfrfØ;k nsrs gSa] blfy, ;s lcls çHkkoh vkSj dq'ky vfXu lqj{kk midj.k
gksrs gSaA ;s ,d vkx ls ekSr ;k pksV ds [krjs dks de djrs gSa] D;ksafd ;s cgqr rsth ls ghV] yiVksa vkSj
èkq,a dks de djrs gSa vkSj yksxksa dks vkx ls fudyus esa enn djrs gSaA
6- çkFkfed fpfdRlk fdV~l ¼First aid kits½% tc vki fofHkUu çdkj ds vfXu lqj{kk midj.kksa ds ckjs esa
fopkj djsa] rc 'kk;n çkFkfed fpfdRlk fdV~l dk fopkj vkids fnekx esa ugha vk,A ysfdu vkx ds
ckn budh csgn vge Hkwfedk gksrh gSA çkFkfed fpfdRlk ds i;kZIr lkèku gksus ls vkx yxus ds nkSjku
igqaph NksVh&eksVh pksVksa ds bykt esa enn feyrh gSA
7- vkikrdky vkSj fudklh ¼,fXtV½ ladsr% ,d bZetZUlh ds nkSjku vfXu'kked midj.k dk bLrseky
djuk csgn t:jh gS] ysfdu tc vkx fu;a=.k ls ckgj gks tk,] rks fcfYMax [kkyh dj nsuh pkfg,A
bZetZUlh vkSj ,fXtV ladsr ,d vkx ds nkSjku ,fXtV rd ,d Dyh;j jkLrk nsus esa enn djrs gSaA
Li"V ladsr vkSj çdk'k feyus ls ?kcjkgV dks fu;af=r djus esa enn feyrh gS vkSj ;g vkidh Vhe ds
lnL;ksa dks le; ls ,d mfpr ,fXtV rd igqapk nsrk gSA
8- Leksd vykElZ ¼Smoke alarms½% dqN vfXu lqj{kk midj.k vkx dk irk yxkus ds fy, cuk, tkrs
gSaA lHkh O;kolkf;d vkSj ?kjsyw fcfYMaxksa esa Leksd vykElZ yxk, tkus pkfg,A

2-1-6 rsy dk fc[kjko vkSj xSl yhd gksuk ¼Oil spills and gas leaks½
rsy ds fc[kjko gekjs oU;&thou ¼wildlife½ dks uqdlku igqapk ldrs gSa vkSj ;fn ;s rkts ikuh ds lzksrksa rd
igqap tk, ;k feêh vFkok gok dks nwf"kr dj nsa] rks ekuo thou ds fy, Hkh tksf[ke iSnk djrs gSaA rsy ,oa xSl
m|ksx dk fo'kky vkdkj vkSj mRikfnr gksus okys rsy ,oa ikuh dh fo'kky ek=k dks gSaMy] LVksj vkSj VªkaliksVZ
djus ds pyrs gj lky rsy ds gtkjksa fc[kjko gksrs gSaA
ysfdu lHkh fc[kjko leku ugha gksrs gSa: mudk vkdkj] yksds'ku] fc[kjko dk çdkj vkSj fdruh tYnh fc[kjko
dks lkQ fd;k tk ldrk gS] ;s lHkh rsy fc[kjko ds i;kZoj.k ij gksus okys vlj dks çHkkfor djrs gSaA
fc[kjko nks eq[; lsfVaXl esa gksrs gSa: osy lkbV ¼well site½ ij ;k mlds utnhd] vFkok v‚bYQhYM]
fjQkbufj;ksa] vkSj xzkgdksa ds chp VªkaflV ds nkSjkuA v‚byQ+hYMl esa gksus okys rsy fc[kjko vkerkSj ij NksVs vkSj
lkQ djus esa vklku gSa] tcfd cM+s ifjogu ds nkSjku ,slk ugha gksrk gS: fMªy lkbV~l esa bl mís'; ds fy,
xzSoy ¼gravel½ vkSj nwljs eSVsfj;Yl ls cus fo'ks"k ÞiSM~lß gksrs gSa] tks rsy ds fc[kjko dks feêh ;k vaMjxzkmUM
ikuh rd igqapus ls jksdrs gSaA lkFk gh] fyfDoM LVksjst VSadksa ;k fiV~l ds vkl&ikl cpko ds nwljs mik;]
midj.k vkSj cpko deÊ rsy ds fc[kjko ls tYn fucVus ds fy, vkerkSj ij ogka ekStwn gksrs gSaA
rsy fc[kjko vkSj xSl yhd ls yxus okyh vkx dk i;kZoj.k ij iM+us okyk çHkko
vkx flQZ tku&eky dks gh uqdlku ugha igqapkrh gS] cfYd ;g i;kZoj.k ij Hkh çHkko Mkyrh gSA vkx ls i;kZoj.k
ij FkksM+s le; ds vkSj yacs le; ds] nksuksa rjg ds uqdlku gksrs gSaA ;fn vkx ls iSnk gq, çnw"kd Hkwfexr ty
dh vkiwfrZ ij vlj Mkyrs gS.k] rks ;s vlj n'kdksa rd ;k mlls Hkh vfèkd le; rd jg ldrk gSA ufn;ka]
lhoj] ukys vkSj ty forj.k ç.kkyh dh vU; lqfoèkk,a çnw"kdksa dks rsy fc[kjko okyh txg ls nwj rd ys tkrs
gSa] ftlls rsy fc[kjko dk vlj cgqr nwj rd ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
;fn çnw"k.k fu;a=.k ds i;kZIr mik; igys ls ekStwn gSa ;k rqjar miyCèk djk, tk ldrs gSa] rks dbZ ekeyksa esa
çnw"k.k dh ?kVukvksa dks jksdk Hkh tk ldrk gSA bu ekeyksa esa vkdfLed ;kstuk lQyrk dk ea= gS] blfy,
cpko ,oa j{kk mik;ksa rFkk nq?kZVuk çfrfØ;k j.kuhfr dks csgn lkoèkkuh ls cukuk vkSj dk;kZUof;r djuk pkfg,A

26
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

2-1-7 vkx dk i;kZoj.k ij çHkko

vkx flQZ tku&eky dks gh uqdlku ugha igqapkrh gS] cfYd ;g i;kZoj.k ij Hkh çHkko Mkyrh gSA vkx ls i;kZoj.k
ij FkksM+s le; ds vkSj yacs le; ds] nksuksa rjg ds uqdlku gksrs gSaA ;fn vkx ls iSnk gq, çnw"kd Hkwfexr ty
dh vkiwfrZ ij vlj Mkyrs gS] rks ;s vlj n'kdksa rd ;k mlls Hkh vfèkd le; rd cuk jg ldrk gSA ufn;ka]
lhoj] ukys vkSj ty forj.k ç.kkyh dh vU; lqfoèkk,a çnw"kdksa dks rsy fc[kjko okyh txg ls nwj rd ys tkrs
gSa] ftlls rsy fc[kjko dk vlj cgqr nwj rd ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
;fn çnw"k.k fu;a=.k ds i;kZIr mik; igys ls ekStwn gSa ;k rqjar miyCèk djk, tk ldrs gSa] rks dbZ ekeyksa esa
çnw"k.k dh ?kVukvksa dks jksdk Hkh tk ldrk gSA bu ekeyksa esa vkdfLed ;kstuk lQyrk dk ea= gS] blfy,
cpko ,oa j{kk mik;ksa vkSj nq?kZVuk çfrfØ;k j.kuhfr dks csgn lkoèkkuh ls cukuk vkSj dk;kZUof;r djuk pkfg,A

vkx yxus dh ?kVuk ds nkSjku çnw"kdksa ds lzksr

tyus dh gj çfØ;k esa i;kZoj.kh; çnw"k.k QSykus dh {kerk gksrh gSA dqN ekeyksa esa vkx ouLifr vkSj thoksa
dks lhèks rkSj ij çnwf"kr djrh gSa] tcfd nwljs ekeyksa esa çnw"k.k gok] tehu vkSj@;k Hkwfexr ty ds ekè;e
ls QSyrk gSA vkx ,¶ywvUV ¼effluent – çokg½ ls gksus okys çnw"k.k dh ek=k bl ij fuHkZj djrh gS fd vkx
fdruh cM+h gS] D;k ty jgk gS vkSj rkieku ,oa tyus dh ifjfLFkfr;kaA fdlh fo'ks"k txg ij yxus okyh vkx
i;kZoj.k dks dSls çHkkfor djrh gS] bl ij fopkj djrs gq, ;g è;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd çnw"k.k dbZ jkLrksa ls gks
ldrk gS] ftlesa 'kkfey gSa:
l lkbV ds ljQsl okVj MªSut flLVe ds tfj,] lhèks rkSj ij ;k v‚Q&lkbV ljQsl okVj lholZ ds
eè;e lsA
l ikuh ds utnhdh lzksrksa esa lhèks cgdj ;k tehu esa tkdj] ftlls Hkwfexr ty ds fy, [krjk iSnk gksrk
gSA
l [kjkc MªSut flLVe ds ekè;e ls] blls çnw"kd ;k rks lhèks lhost VªhVesaV esa ls ikl gksrs gSa ;k mlds
dke dks çHkkfor djrs gSa] ftlls i;kZoj.k dks uqdlku igqaprk gSA
l okrkoj.k esa fMiksfl'ku ¼deposition – teko½ ds ekè;e ls] tSls osij IywEl ¼vapour plumes½A
tyus dh ,d çfØ;k ds nkSjku vufxur feJ.k ¼compound½ iSnk gksrs gSaA tc fdlh vkx esa dqN lkekU;
fcfYMax eSVsfj;Yl vkSj lkexzh 'kkfey gksrs gSa] rks os tgjhys] djksflo ¼{kj.k djus okys½ vkSj@;k dSaljtud èkq,a
iSnk djrs gSaA èkqvksa ds vfrfjä] dkfy[k ;k nwljs lg&mRiknksa ds :i esa fudyus okys gkfudj.k d.k i;kZoj.k
ds fy, cM+k [krjk iSnk djrs gSaA
vkx ds ifj.kke Lo:i i;kZoj.k dks çnwf"kr djus okys dqN lkekU; çnw"kd gSa%
l lYQj MkbZ&v‚DlkbM
l dkcZu eksuks&v‚DlkbM
l csUt+hu
l ,lhVksu
l i‚yh&DyksjhusVsM ckbZQsfuYl ¼Polychlorinated biphenyls½
l vfXu'kked ikuh@Qkse ju&v‚Q ¼Fire-fighting water/foam run-off½
l ,sLcsLVl
l vkblks lkbZusV~l & lkbukbM ¼Isocyanates – cyanide½

27
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

vkx ds i;kZoj.kh; çHkko dks de ls de djus dh iwoZ&;kstuk

vfèkdrj vkS|ksfxd ,oa O;kolkf;d lkbV~l esa [kklk i;kZoj.kh; uqdlku igqapkus vkSj ikuh ds lzksrksa ,oa
tu&LokLF; dks uqdlku igqapkus dh {kerk gksrh gSA

fp=% 2-1-8 m|ksx esa vkx nq?kZVuk

i;kZoj.k çnw"k.k ls cpko ds fy, pkgs fdrus mik; dj fy, tk,] lkekU; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vkx vkSj mlds vo'ks"kksa
,oa Nydkoksa ls i;kZoj.k dks uqdlku igqapus dk [krjk cuk gh jgrk gSA jlk;uksa vkSj rsy ls gksus okys lkekU;
[krjs ds vfrfjä] [kkus vkSj is;&inkFkksZa tSls euq"; ds fy, vgkfudkjd inkFkksZa ls Hkh i;kZoj.k dks xaHkhj [krjk
iSnk gks ldrk gSA vkx ls iSnk gksus okyk viokg ¼run-off½ cgqr uqdlkunk;d gks ldrk gS vkSj okrkoj.k esa
tgjhys çokgksa dk fjlko ,d cgqr cM+s {ks= ij yacs le; ds fy, uqdlkunk;d vlj NksM+ ldrk gSA
,d vkx dk i;kZoj.k ij yacs le; rd vlj jg ldrk gS] vkSj ,¶ywvUV~l ds Hkwfexr ty dks nwf"kr djus
dh fLFkfr esa rks ;g vlj n'kdksa rd cuk jg ldrk gSA urhtru] vkx ds dkuwuh ifj.kke vkSj lkQ djus
ds dk;Z cgqr egaxs lkfcr gks ldrs gSaA ufn;ka] lholZ] Hkwfexr ukfy;ka] ukys] ljQsl okVj] ikuh forj.k dh
Hkwfexr ç.kkyh esa [kjkch ;k fjlko] ;s lHkh çnw"kdksa dks vkl&ikl ds okrkoj.k ¼ljQsl okVj vkSj xzkmaM okVj
lfgr½ esa rsth ls ?kqlus ds jkLrs miyCèk djkrs gSaA blfy, ,d fMLpktZ ds çHkko lkbV ij 'kk;n ugha fn[kkbZ
nsa] ysfdu dqN nwjh ij t:jh fn[kkbZ ns ldrs gSaA fdlh ?kVuk dh çfrfØ;k ds fy, cukbZ tkus okyh ;kstuk esa
Hkwfexr ty ij gksus okys [krjs] lkbV ds uhps dh txg vkSj mlls gksus okys cgko dh fn'kk esa] dks Hkh 'kkfey
djuk pkfg,A
;fn çnw"k.k fu;a=.k ds i;kZIr mik; igys ls ekStwn gSa] rks vfèkdrj ekeyksa esa vkx dh ?kVuk dk i;kZoj.k ds
Åij iM+us okys vlj dks jksdk Hkh tk ldrk gSA
1- ?kVuk çfrfØ;k ;kstuk ¼Incident response plan - IRP½% ,d ?kVuk çfrfØ;k ;kstuk] vkx yxus
ds nkSjku mlls fucVus okys igys jhLikUMlZ ¼responders½ vkSj ogka ekStwn yksxksa dh vfèkd ls
vfèkd lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus ds nkSjku vkx ls fucVus ds dke dks çHkkoh <ax ls djus ds fy, t:jh
vkikrdkyhu çfrfØ;k vkSj tehuh j.kuhfr;ksa ds tksf[keksa ,oa Q+k;nksa dk ewY;kadu djrh gSA ;kstuk
cukus ls thou] laifÙk vkSj lalkèku cpk, tk ldrs gSaA ;kstuk rS;kj djuk Hkys gh egaxk uk gks] ysfdu
;g ,d ?kVuk ds nq"ifj.kkeksa dks de t:j dj ldrh gSA

28
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

'kV&v‚Q
okYo
,lMCY;wvk
Vh@bZ
IykaV dsfedy LVksj

ç'kklfud Cy‚d

LVªhe
Warehouse

v‚by lsijsVj
çkslsl ,fj;k ,lMCY;wvks
dkj ikdZ

Qkmy lhoj ¼yky½

ljQsl okVj
ljQsl okVj lhoj ¼uhyk½ vkmVQky
,lMCY;wvks
ltsLVsM cwfeax i‚baV

fp=% 2-1-9 ?kVuk çfrfØ;k ;kstuk

;kstuk bl fo"k; esa leqfpr n{krk,a j[kus okys yksxksa }kjk rS;kj dh tkuh pkfg,A dbZ ekeyksa esa ;g ckgjh ,tsafl;ksa
;k bl {ks= ds fo'ks"kKksa dh lykg ij cukbZ tk ldrh gSA bl ;kstuk esa 'kkfey gksus pkfg,:
l daiuh dk uke vkSj lkbV dk iwjk Mkd irkA
l lkbV ij dh tkus okyh eq[; O;kolkf;d xfrfofèk;ksa dk laf{kr fooj.k ¼i;kZoj.k dks uqdlku igqapkus
dh {kerk j[kus okyh xfrfofèk;ksa dks fo'ks"k :i ls n'kkZ,½A
l ;kstuk ds rS;kj gksus dh rkjh[k vkSj ftl fnu bldh leh{kk dh tkuh gS] og rkjh[kA
l daiuh ds ,d ofj"V çcaèkd }kjk ;kstuk ij gLrk{kjA
l iwjh ;kstuk dks çkIr djus okys yksxksa dh lwphA
l ,d laidZ lwph] ftlesa 'kkfey gksus pkfg,%
□ vkikrdkyhu lsok,aA
□ lacafèkr i;kZoj.kh; fofu;ked ¼regulators½A
□ LFkkuh; ty vkiwfrZdrkZ vkSj lhoj çnkrkA
□ gsYFk ,aM ls¶+Vh bXthD;wfVo ¼HSE½A
□ lQkbZ djus okys fo'ks"kK BsdsnkjA
□ lkbV dh pkch j[kus okys yksxA
l lkbV dk ,d MªSut Iyku] tks n'kkZrk gS%
□ cgko dh fn'kk vkSj Mªsu doj lfgr xans ljQsl okVj dk MªSutA
□ ljQsl okVj vkSj VªsM ,¶ywvUV ds fy, fMLpktZ i‚baV~l@lksd vost~ ¼soak aways½A

29
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

□ lhost VªhVesaV] ftlesa lhost vkSj VªsM ,¶ywvUV fMLpktZ gksrk gSA
□ lkbV ds vanj ;k mlds vkl&ikl vofLFkr ty&èkkjk] fLçax ;k cksjosyA
l fcfYMax dk lkekU; ys&vkmV] ftlesa 'kkfey gksuk pkfg,%
l vkikrdkyhu lsokvksa ds fy, lkbV rd igqapus ds jkLrsA
□ VªsM ,¶ywvUV ;k MksesfLVd lhost ds fy, v‚u&lkbV VªhVesaV lqfoèkk,aA
□ dPps eky] mRiknksa vkSj dpjs dh LVksjst esa bLrseky gksus okys {ks= ;k lqfoèkk,aA
□ LVksj fd, x, mRiknksa vkSj mudh vuqekfur la[;k ds lkFk ifjc) ¼bounded½ {ks=ksa dk fooj.kA
□ èkkj.k ¼retention½ {kerkA
□ gkbMªUV~l] ^Qk;j c‚Dlst* vkSj fLiy fdV~l dh yksds'kuA
□ çnw"k.k dk fMVsDV djus ds fy, bULisD'ku i‚baV~lA
□ v‚by lsijsVlZ ¼Oil separators½A
□ jhVsU'ku ;k cSyfUlax VSadA
□ Qk;jokVj jhVsU'ku iksaM~lA

vkikrdkyhu ç.kkfy;ka
foLr`r vkikrdkyhu ç.kkfy;ka rS;kj jguh pkfg,] ftlesa vkx] fc[kjko vkSj dUVSuj ds yhd gksus tSlh fdlh
?kVuk ds le; LVkQ dh ftEesnkfj;ksa vkSj çfØ;kvksa dk fooj.k 'kkfey gksuk pkfg,A çfrfØ;k dk Lrj LokHkkfod
:i ls LokLF; ,oa lqj{kk ls tqM+s fo"k;ksa] LVkQ dh Vªsfuax] O;fäxr lqj{kk midj.kksa ¼PPE½ dh miyCèkrk vkSj
fdlh ?kVuk dh ç—fr ij fuHkZj djsxkA blfy, vkikrdky ls fucVus ds fy, ç.kkfy;ka lkbV ds vuqlkj gh
rS;kj dh tkuh pkfg,A bu vkikrdkyhu ç.kkfy;ksa dks rS;kj djrs le; ;g è;ku j[kuk Hkh t:jh gS fd cqjh
ls cqjh fLFkfr esa D;k gks ldrk gSA
uhps] mu dkeksa dh ,d tkap&lwph ¼checklist½ nh xbZ gS] tksfd ,d lexz vkikrdkyhu ç.kkfy;ksa dks rS;kj
djrs le; mlesa 'kkfey djus okys fo"k;ksa ds p;u esa bLrseky dh tk ldrh gSA ,slh fdlh Hkh tkap&lwph esa
'kkfey gksus pkfg,%
l vkx vkSj cpko lsok ds lkFk lger dh xbZ lkbV vfXu'keu j.kuhfrA ;fn ^fu;af=r :i ls tyuk*
,d lgefr ds lkFk viuk;k x;k fodYi gS] rks ;g Li"V :i ls fy[kk tkuk pkfg,A
l ,d ?kVuk ls çHkkfor gksus okyh utnhdh laifÙk;ksa] MkmuLVªhe vCLVªSDVlZ ¼downstream abstractors½
;k i;kZoj.k ds çfr laosnu'khy txgksa dks vyVZ djus dk rjhdkA
l ,d ?kVuk ls utnhdh laifÙk;ksa ds çHkkfor gksus ds ifj.kkeksa dh x.kuk ¼quantification½A
l og rjhdk] ftlls ,d ?kVuk ds ckjs esa lkbV ds LVkQ vkSj tgka rd leqfpr gks] utnhdh lkbVksa dks
vyVZ fd;k tk ldsA
l lacafèkr vkikrdkyhu lsokvksa] lacafèkr ,tsalh] yksdy vFk‚fjVh vkSj nwljs laxBuksa ls laidZ djus] vkSj
ehfM;k ls Mhy djus dh foLr`r O;oLFkk,aA
l ,slk dksbZ Hkh inkFkZ] ftlls tksf[ke gks] og ?kVuk çfrfØ;k ;kstuk esa fjd‚MZ fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
l lcafèkr PPE dh O;oLFkk vkSj çcaèkuA
l yhd djus okys dUVSulZ dks lqjf{kr cukus okyh O;oLFkk,aA
l yhd] fLiYl ,oa Qk;j QkbfVax ju&v‚Q dks jksdus vkSj fdlh v‚u&lkbV VªhVesaV IykaV dh j{kk ds
fy, ç.kkfy;kaA

30
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

l fLiy fdV~l] Mªsu Cy‚dlZ ,oa nwljs çnw"k.k fu;a=.k midj.kksa dh t:jr vkSj çnw"k.k fu;a=.k ;a=ksa ds
dk;Z] Li"V :i ls fy[ks tkuk pkfg,A
l nwljs laxBuksa }kjk LFkkuh; Lrj ij j[ks tkus okys çnw"k.k fu;a=.k ;a=ksa vkSj eSVsfj;Yl ds LV‚d dh
igpku dh tkuh pkfg,A lQkbZ ¼clean-up½ djus okyh daifu;ksa ds laidZ fooj.k vi&Vw&MsV j[ks tkus
pkfg,A
l fLiYM mRiknksa dh fjdojh ,oa lqjf{kr gSaMfyax vkSj ,d ?kVuk ls fudyus okys osLV ds dkuwuh&lEer
fucVku dh çfØ;kA

ty vof'k"V dks jksduk ¼Containing water run-off½

vkx ds ?kVukLFky ls cgus okys çnwf"kr ty ls vkl&ikl dh tehu vkSj ty&lzksrksa ij [kklk i;kZoj.kh; çHkko
iM+ ldrk gSA vkx cq>kus esa bLrseky gksus okyk ikuh vkx ls fudkyus okys vof'k"Vksa ls ges'kk çnwf"kr gksrk gS
vkSj blesa vkx ds pyrs iSnk gksus okys nwljs çnw"kd Hkh ekStwn gks ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ,d dksYM LVksjst
fMiks esa yxh vkx ls cM+h ek=k esa [kk| inkFkZ [kjkc gks ldrs gSa] ftlls cM+s tSfod [krjs iSnk gks ldrs gSaA
vkx ds pyrs i;kZoj.k dks gksus okys uqdlku dks de ls de djus ds fy, ;g lqfuf'pr djuk t:jh gS fd
,slh nq?kZVuk dh fdlh laHkkfor txg ij i;kZIr vkdfLed bartke] vkikrdkyhu lkeku ,oa midj.k rFkk osLV
eSustesaV dh O;oLFkk,a gksuh pkfg, vkSj vkx cq>kus dh j.kuhfr;ka vkSj ju&v‚Q eSustesaV ij i;kZIr è;ku fn;k
x;k gSA
1- vkikrdkyhu fu;a=.k ç.kkyh ¼containment½% cqaM ¼bund½] ,d ,sls LFkku ij ,d fo'ks"k mís'; ls
cuk;k x;k ckaèk gksrk gS] tgka ,d fLifyt ¼fc[kjko½ gksus dh laHkkouk gksrh gSA cqaM lkekU; rkSj ij
v‚by LVksjst VSadksa ds vkl&ikl ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA fdlh Hkh dkj.k ls ,d fLiy gksus dh fLFkfr esa
[krjukd inkFkZ dks cqaMsM {ks= ds vanj fu;af=r fd;k tk ldrk gSA
dqN ekeyksa esa] [kkl rkSj ij NksVh txgksa ij] vkx cq>kus esa bLrseky gq, ikuh ls cgus okys vof'k"V
dks dher vkSj txg dh deh ds pyrs fu;af=r djuk vO;kogkfjd gksxkA ,sls ekeyksa esa] LFkk;h fu;a=.k
ç.kkfy;ka ;k çnw"k.k fu;a=.k eSVsfj;Yl miyCèk gksrs gSaA vkx cq>kus esa bLrseky gq, ikuh ls cgus okys
vof'k"V ds i;kZoj.kh; çHkko dks de ls de djus ds fy, budk bLrseky djuk pkfg,A
gkykafd] ;fn nwljs ntZs ds bu mik;ksa ij fuHkZjrk j[kh tk,] rks bUgsa rS;kj djus ds fy, i;kZIr le;
nsus gsrq dqN nwljs LFkkuh; fu;a=dksa ds bLrseky dh Hkh t:jr iM+ ldrh gSA çnw"k.k ?kVuk çfrfØ;k
;kstuk esa muds bLrseky ,oa yksds'ku dks Li"V :i ls fn[kk;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj lkbV ij mUgsa] muds
bLrseky ds rjhdksa dks n'kkZus okys fVdkÅ ladsrksa ds lkFk n'kkZ;k tkuk pkfg,A
vkikrdkyhu fu;a=.k ds mik; dbZ çdkj ds gksrs gSa] ftudk bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gS] buesa 'kkfey gSa%
l lSØfQ'ky ¼Sacrificial½ {ks=A
l okguksa dh ikfdZax vkSj nwljh gkMZ LVSfUMaXl dh cqafMaxA
l xïs vkSj [kkbZA

l iksVZscy VSaDl] vksoj Mªe vkSj VSadlZA

2- vkikrdkyhu eSVsfj;Yl vkSj midj.k% vkikrdkyhu fu;a=.k {ks=ksa esa fc[kjkoksa vkSj fLiYl ls fucVus ds
fy, dbZ çdkj ds ^v‚Q&nh&'ksYQ* ¼off-the-shelf½ mRikn miyCèk gSaA dksbZ Hkh eSVsfj;y ;k midj.k
vklkuh ls igqap okyh txgksa ij j[ks tkus pkfg,A bUgsa] muds bLrseky ds rjhdksa dks n'kkZus okys fVdkÅ
ladsrksa ds lkFk ekdZ tkuk pkfg,A
blds vfrfjä] gj midj.k dke djus ds fy, fQV voLFkk esa vkSj bLrseky ds fy, vPNh rjg ls
eSUVSu fd;k gqvk gksuk pkfg,A çnw"k.k ?kVuk çfrfØ;k ;kstuk esa çnw"k.k cpko midj.k] eSVsfj;Yl vkSj

31
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

mudh yksds'ku dh igpku gksrh gSA ,d vkx ds i;kZoj.k ij gksus okys çHkkoksa dks de djus okys
eSVsfj;Yl vkSj midj.kksa esa 'kkfey gSa%
l jsr vkSj feêh% fu;a=.k ds ;s ewy eSVsfj;y rsy ,oa jlk;uksa ds fc[kjko dks lks[kus esa bLrseky fd,
tk ldrs gSaA lkFk gh] budk bLrseky jsr ;k feêh ds cksjksa esa Hkh fd;k tkrk gS] tksfd Mªsu dks Cy‚d
djus ;k ,d cgko dks ,d fuf'pr fn'kk esa eksM+us ds fy, mi;ksx esa yk, tkrs gSaA jsr dks lw[kk
j[kuk pkfg, vkSj buds bLrseky esa yxus okys QkoM+s ;k nwljs ekè;e Hkh vklkuh ls miyCèk gksus
pkfg,A nwf"kr jsr ;k feêh dk leqfpr rjhds ls fucVku fd;k tkuk pkfg, ¼uhps nsf[k,½ vkSj] bls
Mªsust flLVe esa fcYdqy Hkh cgkuk ugha pkfg,A
l ççkbvVsjh ,sClkWcZUV~l ¼vo'kks"kd½% ;s jsr vkSj feêh dk gh dke djrs gSaA ;s O;kolkf;d rkSj ij
xzSU;wYl ¼granules½] 'khV~l] fiyksl~ ¼pillows½ ;k ,d ywt ikmMj ds :i esa miyCèk gksrs gSaA
vfèkdrj ,sCl‚cZUV~l v‚by fLiYl ds fy, cus gksrs gSa] ysfdu dsfedy fLiYl ds fy, fo'ks"k mRikn
miyCèk gksrs gSaA
l dUVSulZ ds fy, lhy djus okys inkFkZ vkSj midj.k% tc ,d VSad] LVksjst Mªe] okYo ;k ikbi vkx
ls iapj gks tkrk gS ;k vkx ls mls uqdlku igqaprk gS] rc bu midj.kksa vkSj eSVsfj;Yl dk bLrseky
fd;k tkrk gSA yhd lhfyax fMokbl ¼midj.k½ ,d iSM ;k ,d f'kdats dk :i ys ldrh gS] ftls
,d IykLVj dh rjg {kfrxzLr Hkkx ij yxk;k tk ldrk gSA os çh&'ksIM Hkh gks ldrs gSa vkSj mUgsa
{kfrxzLr Hkkx esa ?kqlkdj mls QSyk;k tkrk gSA yhd lhfyax iqfê;ka Hkh jsMhesM ;k ikuh ds lkFk
feykus ds fy, lw[ks ikmMj ds :i esa miyCèk gksrh gSaA bUgsa {kfrxzLr Hkkx ij ,d vLFkk;h lhy
cukus ds fy, yxk;k tkrk gSA
l Mªsu lhYl% Mªsu lhYl dk bLrseky Mªsu dks doj djds ;k Cy‚d djds Mªsust fxzM dks vkSj ,d
ikbi esa fQV gksus okyh phtksa dks lhy djus ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA Mªsu lhy dbZ çdkj dh
gksrh gSaA [krjukd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls buds cpko vkSj ikuh cgus okyh txgksa ;k Mªsust flLVe esa dgha
ls nwf"kr æoksa dk vksoj¶yks ugha gks] ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, bUgsa yxkrs le; fo'ks"k lkoèkkuh
cjruh pkfg,A
l cwe% ty&èkkjkvksa ij bLrseky ds fy, cus cwEl ¼booms½ dk bLrseky Mªsu dks vkblksysV djus ;k
MkboVZ djus ;k lkbV ij fc[kjkoksa dks fu;af=r djus esa Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA nks vyx çdkj
ds cwe gksrs gSa( gkbMªksdkcZu] ,Dohvl ¼aqueous½ dsfedYl ;k nksuksa ds fy, leqfpr vo'kks"kdksa ls
Hkjs cwe( vkSj os tks lkekU; IykfLVd ds cus gksrs gSa vkSj çnw"kdksa ds QSyko dks jksdus ds fy, ,d
fQftdy cSfj;j dk :i ysrs gSaA

vH;kl
1- Class A vkx esa Toyu'khy æo 'kkfey gksrs gSaA ¼lgh@xyr½
2- ;fn laHko gks] rks gkWV odZ dks djus ;k mUgsa ykus&ys&tkus dk dke ,slh txgksa ij djuk pkfg,] tgka [krjs
dh de laHkkouk gksA ¼lgh@xyr½
3- bysfDVªdy vkxksa ds fy, ,;j çs'kjkbTM okVj bfDLVaxfXo'klZ ¼APW½ mi;qä gksrs gSaA ¼lgh@xyr½
4- ,fXtV :V dk gj njoktk ltkoV ;k ladsrksa ls eqä gksuk pkfg,] tks njokts ds -------esa #dkoV Mkyrs gSaA
5- vkx ds fy, t:jh rhu rRoksa esa 'kkfey gSa%
a) bZaèku b) vkWDlhtu
c) ghV ¼Å"ek½ d) mijksä lHkh

32
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

6- ,d vfXu'kked ds leqfpr bLrseky ds fy, ,sØfue ¼laf{kIr uke½ gS%

a) PAST b) PASS
c) PALS d) mijksä esa ls dksbZ ugha
7- buesa ls dkSu lh xfrfofèk;ka Þg‚V odZß ekuh tkrh gSa\
a½ osfYMax b½ dfVax
c½ Qsjl esVYl dks xzkbUM djuk d½ mijksä lHkh
8- ,d vkikrdkyhu dk;Z ;kstuk ds rgr] yksxksa dks ,d bZoSD;oS'ku ¼fudklh½ ds ckjs esa ,yVZ djus
ds fy, çR;sd laxBu esa fuEu esa ls fdl dh vko';drk gksrh gS\
a½ deZpkjh vykeZ ç.kkyh b½ fcfYMax dk ¶yksj Iyku
c½ fudklh ç.kkfy;ksa dk Mªk¶V d½ Vªsfuax M‚D;wesaV~l
9- odZ ifeZV dk bLrseky djus ds nks t:jh dkj.k D;k gSa\
a½ dke ds ckjs esa laokn vkSj mls fu;af=r djus ds fy,
b½ Bsdsnkjksa vkSj vkikrdkyksa dks VªSd djus ds fy,
c½ çfrfufèk;ksa dks ukfer ¼designate½ djus vkSj muls laokn djus ds fy,
d½ dke ds ?kaVksa vkSj Bsdsnkjksa ds uke VªSd djus ds fy,
10- [krjukd {ks=ksa esa ge odZ ifeZV~l dk bLrseky D;ksa djrs gSa\
a½ ,d fufnZ"V ¼designated½ çfrfufèk dh igpku djus ds fy,
b½ fjlholZ dh igpku ds fy,
c½ [krjksa vkSj iwoZ&lkoèkkfu;ksa dh igpku ds fy,
d½ bDLikbMZ ¼expired½ lfVZfQds'ku dks psd djus ds fy,
11- fuEufyf[kr LokLF; vkSj laj{kk ladsr D;k n'kkZrs gSa\
a½ Qk;j vykeZ dh yksds'ku b½ vfXu'kked dh yksds'ku
c½ ,fXtV djus dk jkLrk fdl vksj gS d½ cVu dks ugha nckb,
12- fuEufyf[kr fp= fdl çdkj ds vfXu'kked n'kkZrs gSa\
a½ Qkse vfXu'kked b½ dkcZu MkbZ v‚DlkbM vfXu'kked
c½ 'kq"d ikmMj vfXu'kked d½ ue jlk;u vfXu'kked
13- ,d odZ lkbV ij vkx yxus dh laHkkouk iSnk djus okys dke ds fy, fdl çdkj ds ifeZV dh
vko';drk gksrh gS\
a½ ,d Qk;j ifeZV b½ ,d g‚V ifeZV
c½ ,d odZ ifeZV d½ fdlh ifeZV dh vko';drk ugha gS
14- ,d dkcZu MkbZ v‚DlkbM vfXu'kked dk bLrseky djus ds ckn ukt+y csgn BaMh gks tkrh gSA ;g
ladsr gS fd:
a½ vkidks bls bLrseky ugha djuk pkfg, b½ vkxs tkjh j[kus ds fy, ;g lqjf{kr gS
c½ vanj ds eSVsfj;Yl de gks jgs gSa d½ mijksä esa ls dksbZ ugha
15- Leksd vykElZ:
a½ vkx ls gksus okyh e`R;q ls cpus esa vkidh loZJs"B lqj{kk gS
b½ os rHkh dke djrs gSa] tc vki muesa ,d vPNh cSVjh j[krs gSa
c½ os Bhd ls dke dj jgs gSa] ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, mUgsa gj eghus VsLV djuk pkfg,
d½ mijksä lHkh

33
 ´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

;wfuV 2-2 & ls¶+Vh dk çn'kZu

;wfuV ds mís';
bl ;wfuV ds var esa] çfrHkkxh l{ke gksaxs%
1- yksxksa dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds rjhdksa dh igpku djus vkSj mudk ikyu djus esaA
2- lqjf{kr vkx fudklh ç.kkyh dh igpku djus vkSj mls cukus esaA
3- vkx ls tqM+h pksVksa ij çkFkfed fpfdRlk djus ds rjhdksa dh igpku djus esaA
4- lhihvkj ¼CPR½ djus esa-

2-2-1 vkx dh ,d ?kVuk ds nkSjku yksxksa dh lqj{kk

fcfYMaxksa esa vkx dh ?kVuk ds nkSjku yksxksa dh lqj{kk vkikrdkyhu ç.kkfy;ksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA ;s ç.kkfy;ka
fcfYMax dh vfXu lqj{kk fMtkbu [kwfc;ksa dk iwjk mi;ksx djds vkSj ,d vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr ds nkSjku ogka ds
yksxksa ds O;ogkj dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, cukbZ tkrh gSaA
çHkkoh vkikrdkyhu ç.kkfy;ksa dks ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds mís'; ls cuk;k tkrk gS fd ,d fcfYMax ds yksxksa
dk Qk;j ,¶ywvUV~l ;k ghV ls dHkh lkeuk ugha gksA ;fn lkeuk gks Hkh tk,] rks blls muds ckgj fudyus
¼,Ldsi½ esa dksbZ #dkoV ugha gks vkSj blls yksxksa ds LokLF; ij dksbZ xaHkhj vlj ugha gksA
,d vkx ds nkSjku yksxksa dh èkkj.kk ¼perception½ vkSj O;ogkj
,d fcfYMax ds fMtkbu esa vfXu lqj{kk dks fcfYMax ds vanj yksxksa dks ,d lqjf{kr okrkoj.k miyCèk djkus ds
mís'; ls cuk;k tkrk gSA ,d vkikrdky ds nkSjku yksxksa dks ,d lqjf{kr LFkku ij bZoSD;,sV ¼evacuate½
fd;k tkrk gS] blfy, fcfYMax ds vanj ds lHkh yksxksa dks lqjf{kr rjhds ls ckgj fudkyus dk çkoèkku Hkh fd;k
tkrk gSA ,d fcfYMax ds vanj ls ckgj fudyus ds mik;ksa dh çHkko'khyrk LokHkkfod rkSj ij bl ckr ij fuHkZj
djrh gS fd vkikrdky ds nkSjku vyx&vyx yksx budk mi;ksx dSls djrs gSaA
vkx ds [krjs ds çfr fcfYMax esa dksbZ O;fä dSls O;ogkj djsxk] ;g csgn tfVy gksrk gSA gj O;fä dh
euksoSKkfud çfrfØ;k] mldh fdlh ifjfLFkfr ds çfr èkkj.kk ij fuHkZj djrh gS] ftlesa og [kqn dks ikrk gSA yksx
vkx ds [krjs dks fdl èkkj.kk ls ns[krs gSa] bls le>us ds fy, lsUljh ¼sensory½ fl)karksa dks le>uk t:jh gSA
tc ,d O;fä ,d vkikrdky ds çfr tku x;k gS] rc og çfrfØ;k ns ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] mUgsa D;k
djuk pkfg,] blds ckjs esa lkspdj ;k pyuk 'kq: djdsA ;g fu.kZ; bl ckr ij fuHkZj djsxk fd os tksf[ke
dks fdruh xaHkhjrk ls ns[k jgs gSa vkSj muds ikl ckgj fudyus ds fy, fdruk le; gSA blfy, ;g ns[kk tk
ldrk gS fd ckgj fudyus esa yxus okys le; esa O;fäxr èkkj.kk csgn egRoiw.kZ gksrh gSA
1- laosnh ¼sensory½ èkkj.kk ds fl)kar% yksx tksf[ke dks ftl èkkj.kk ls ns[krs gSa] og O;fäxr utfj,]
dkS'ky] çf'k{k.k] vuqHko] O;fäRo] Le`fr vkSj laosnh tkudkjh dks çkslsl djus dh mudh {kerk ij fuHkZj
djrk gSA laosnh tkudkjh dks çkslsl djuk og çfØ;k gksrh gS] ftlls ge fdlh lwpuk dk irk yxkrs
gSa vkSj mldk vFkZ fudkyrs gSa] ;kfu gekjs vkl&ikl ds ekgkSy ls lwpuk dh igpku djrs gSaA
l fMVsD'ku ¼igpku½ djuk% ;g ckgjh nqfu;k ls lwpuk dks xzg.k djus dh çfØ;k gksrh gSA fMVsD'ku
çfØ;k esa lHkh laosnh vax 'kkfey gksrs gSa%

34
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

□ fotqvy buQkeZs'ku xzg.k djus ds fy, vka[ksaA

□ vkokt lfgr gok esa daiu dk irk yxkus ds fy, dkuA
□ ukd vkSj thHk dqN jklk;fud mÙkstukvksa ¼stimuli½ ds çfr laosnu'khy gksrs gSaA
□ Ropk ncko] rkieku esa ifjorZu vkSj nnZ ls tqM+h fofHkUu mÙkstukvksa ds çfr çfrfØ;k nsrh gSA
□ gekjs tksM+ksa] ulksa vkSj ekalisf'k;ksa esa ekStwn dadkyh; ¼skeletal½ <kaps ds jhlsIVlZ 'kjhj ds
fgyus&Mqyus ¼ewoesaV½ vkSj iksth'ku ds çfr laosnu'khy gksrs gSaA
l vFkZ fudkyuk ¼O;k[;k½% ;g çfØ;k fnekx esa gksrh gSA laosnh vax] ckgjh nqfu;k ls feyus okyh
mÙkstukvksa ¼stimuli½ dks uoZl bEiYlksa ¼impulses½ esa ifjofrZr djds lans'kksa dks fnekx dks Hkstrs
gSaA laosnukvksa ls feys MsVk ls ,d fLFkfr ;k oLrq dh igpku ds fy,] fnekx MsVk ds ,d lewg dks
fiNys iSVuksZa ls eSp djus dh dksf'k'k djsxkA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ,d cPpk ,d dqÙks ds Lo:i] mlds
O;ogkj] mldh xaèk vkSj mls eglwl djus ds ckjs esa lh[ksxkA blds ckn tc mls ,slk dqN Hkh
fn[kkbZ nsxk] tks ,d dqÙks dh rjg fn[kkbZ ns] mldh rjg O;ogkj djs] mldh rjg xaèk ns ;k mldh
rjg eglwl djk,] rks og mls ,d dqÙkk gh le>sxkA

fp=% 2-2-1 lwpuk dk vFkZ fudkyuk

l èkkj.kk cuke okLrfodrk% èkkj.kk O;fä ij fuHkZj djrh gS] tksfd laosnh MsVk dk dbZ çdkj ls vFkZ
fudky ldrs gSaA uhps fn, x, fp= esa fn[kk;k x;k byw'ku ¼Hkze½ ,d lVhd èkkj.kk ugha gS( cfYd
;g ,d çn'kZu gS] tks n'kkZrk gS fd ,d èkkj.kk] nwljh èkkj.kk ls dSls vyx gks ldrh gSA ,d
lsDlksQksu ¼saxophone½ dh igpku Hkh mruh gh lgh gS] ftruh ,d ;qok efgyk dh igpkuA
;g mnkgj.k n'kkZrk gS fd èkkj.kk ,d lfØ; ¼,sfDVo½ çfØ;k gS( euq"; igpkuh tkus okyh okLrqvksa
vkSj ?kVukvksa dks mRiUu djus ds fy, laosnh MsVk dk yxkrkj vFkZ fudkyrs jgrs gSaA
,d okLrfodrk ds ckjs esa fdlh dh O;fäxr èkkj.kk ds lkFk tqM+h leL;k dks igpku djus ls tqM+s
fuEufyf[kr fl)karksa ij fopkj djds le> tk ldrk gS%
o ,d iwjh rLohj cukus ds fy, xSIl ¼gaps½ dks Hkjdj phtksa dks ,d lexz :i esa ns[kus dh
ço`fÙk gksrh gSA
o phtksa dks ,d fuf'pr vkdkj] Lo:i] jax vkSj muds nwljs xq.kksa ds :i esa ns[kus dh ço`fÙk gksrh
gSA
o dHkh&dHkh fdlh fuf'pr oLrq dks cnyrh gqbZ oLrq ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,]
,d {k.k rks ,d oLrq fn[kkbZ nsrh gS] vkSj nwljs gh {k.k ,d ls vfèkd oLrq,a fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA

35
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

2- ckgj fudyus ds fy, t:jh le;% ckgj fudyus dh çfØ;k esa 4 vyx&vyx pj.k gksrs gSa
l Qsl 1% vkx 'kq: gksus ls ysdj mlds irk yxus@igpku djus rd dk vyVZ VkbeA
l Qsl 2% O;ogkj ds pyrs çh&ewoesaV esa yxus okyk le;] tksfd ,d O;fä dks ,Ldsi :V@:V~l
ls MkboVZ djrk gSA
l Qsl 3% ,d ,fXtV xsV rd igqapus esa yxus okyk le;A
l Qsl 4% ¶yks Vkbe] ;kfu fcfYMax esa ekStwn yksxksa ds ,Ldsi :V ds fofHkUu pj.kksa ds tfj, ckgj
fudyus esa yxus okyk le;A njokts] lcls vfèkd ¶yks Vkbe okys ,oa lcls vçHkkoh lkèku gksrs
gSa vkSj ;s ,Ldsi :V ij ckèkk Mkyrs gSaA

Qsl 1 Qsl 2 Qsl 3 Qsl 4

vyVZ çh&ewoesaV VªSoy Vkbe ¶yks Vkbe
vkx 'kq: gksus ls ml O;ogkj ds ,d ,fXtV xsV rd ,Ldsi Iyku ds
mldk irk yxkus@ pyrs yxus okyk igqapus esa yxus okyk fofHkUu pj.kksa ds
igpku djus rd le;] tksfd ,d le; tfj, ckgj fudyus
yxus okyk le; O;fä dks ,Ldsi esa yxus okyk le;A
:V@:V~l ls
MkboVZ djrk gS

3- lqjf{kr ckgj fudyus dks çHkkfor djus okys yksxksa ds vfHky{k.k ¼characteristics½% çh&ewoesaV vkSj
bZoSD;oS'ku ¼evacuation½ esa yxus okys VªSoy Vkbe] nksuksa ds nkSjku fcfYMax ds vanj ds yksx dSls
çfrfØ;k djsaxs] ;g bl çfØ;k esa 'kkfey yksxksa ds vfHky{k.kksa ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ,d fcfYMax ls ckgj
fudyus ds rjhdksa dks cukrs le;] ,d fcfYMax ds vanj ds yksxksa dh la[;k] muds ?kuRo vkSj fcfYMax
esa muds forj.k dks è;ku esa j[kuk t:jh gSA
gkykafd] bu ^vkD;iUlh Q+SDVlZ* ¼occupancy factors½ ds vfrfjä vkSj Hkh nwljs dbZ igyw gSa] tks
,d fcfYMax esa vkx dh fdlh vkikrdkyhu ?kVuk ds le; yksxksa ds O;ogkj dks çHkkfor djrs gSaA ,d
vkikrdkyhu fudklh ç.kkyh cukrs vkSj eSust djrs le; budk Hkh fo'ks"k è;ku j[kuk pkfg,A blesa
'kkfey gSa:
l laosnh ¼sensory½ fLFkfr
l fQft+dy ¼HkkSfrd½ fLFkfr
l gks'k ¼conciseness½ dh fLFkfr
l vkjafHkd çfrfØ;k,a
l fofHkUu çdkj ds lVsDl ¼fgr½
o foÙkh; fgr
o uSfrd fgr
o oSèkkfud fgr
l fcfYMax esa vkx vkSj@;k ghV
l fcfYMax dh fMtkbu [kwfc;ka
4- ØkmM ¼HkhM+½ dk ewoesaV% tc cgqr lkjs yksx ,d lkFk bdës gksrs gSa] rks dqN yksxksa dk O;ogkj leL;k
[kM+k dj ldrk gSA 'kksèk ls ,d HkhM+ ds O;ogkj dks çHkkfor djus okys dbZ egRoiw.kZ dkjdksa ds ckjs

36
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

esa irk pyk gSA ,d HkhM+ esa tc yksx vdsys gksrs gSa ;k NksVs lewgksa esa gksrs gSa] rc HkhM+ esa Hkh bu yksxksa
dk O;ogkj ckdh yksxksa ls vyx gks ldrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,(
l ,d HkhM+ esa ekStwn dqN yksx] mlh HkhM+ esa ekStwn nwljs yksxksa ds fØ;kdykiksa ls dkQh gn rd
çHkkfor gksrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn ,d HkhM+ esa ,d ;k nks yksx dksbZ 'k‚VZ dV ysrs gSa] rks nwljs
yksx Hkh mUgha dk vuqlj.k ¼Q‚yks½ djrs gSaA
l HkhM+ esa dqN yksx cgqr vfèkd ykbu yxus ls gksus okyh nsjh ds fo#) viuh lkewfgd dqaBk
¼frustration½ fn[kk ldrs gSaA
l HkhM+ esa dqN yksx esa ?kcjkus dh vfèkd laHkkouk gks ldrh gS vkSj HkhM+ esa ,d ckj ?kcjkgV 'kq: gksus
ds ckn ;g rsth ls QSy ldrh gSA
l vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr;ksa ds nkSjku tYnh ckgj fudyus ds fy, dqN yksx vfèkd vkØed gks ldrs gSAa
l HkhM+ esa dqN yksxksa dk tks'k ¼emotions½ vDlj c<+ tkrk gSA dHkh ;g HkhM+ ds euksjatu ds pyrs
gksrk gS] rks dHkh ;g yksxksa ds ,d cM+s lewg esa gksus dk vuqHko gksus ds pyrs gksrk gSA
vkx yxus dh ?kVuk ds nkSjku yksxksa ds O;ogkj ls tqM+h leL;kvksa ds fuokj.k vkSj yksxksa dh lqjf{kr fudklh
lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, fd;s tkus okys t:jh mik;
,d vfXu vkikrdky ds nkSjku yksxksa ds O;ogkj dks çHkkfor djus okys dbZ dkjd gksrs gSaA bu dkjdksa ds fofHkUu
vkSj tfVy la;ksx fdlh ?kVuk ds nkSjku yksxksa ds ewoesaV esa yxus okys le; vkSj mldh fn'kk dks çHkkfor djrs
gSaA ysfdu dqN pqfuank lkekU; mik;ksa ds tfj, buesa ls vfèkdrj O;kogkj&xr leL;kvksa ls futkr ikbZ tk
ldrh gSA uhps fn;k x;k gj mik; vkx dh ,d ?kVuk ds nkSjku yksxksa dh lqjf{kr fudklh lqfuf'pr djus ls
tqM+h O;ogkj&xr leL;kvksa ls futkr ikus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gS%
1- vkikrdkyhu ;kstuk% ,d vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr ds nkSjku yksxksa ds O;ogkj ls iSnk gksus okyh leL;kvksa
dks de ls de djus ds fy, t:jh gS fd ,d lexz vkikrdkyhu ;kstuk cukbZ tk,A ;kstuk ;fn
lksp&le> dj cukbZ vkSj yksxksa dks Li"V :i ls crkbZ tk,] rks yksx bl ij foÜokl djsaxs vkSj viuh
Hkwfedk fuHkkus ds bPNqd gksaxsA ;kstuk esa u flQZ ,d vkikrdky esa yksxksa }kjk fd, tkus okys visf{kr
dk;Z] cfYd fctusl dh fujarjrk cuk, j[kus dh O;oLFkk,a 'kkfey gksuh pkfg,A
,d fcfYMax ls fudklh dh vkikrdkyhu ;kstuk vfXu tksf[ke vkadyu ij vkèkkfjr gksxhA dbZ NksVh
fcfYMaxksa esa vkikrdkyhu ;kstuk ,d vkx yxus ds le; ogka LVkQ }kjk mBk, tkus okys dneksa dks
n'kkZus okys lkèkkj.k fn'kk&funZs'kksa rd lhfer gks ldrh gSA
deZpkfj;ksa] foftVlZ] Bsdsnkjksa vkSj Qk;j lfoZl dks fcfYMax dk ,d Li"V Iyku miyCèk gksus ls dbZ
çdkj ds ykHk gksrs gSa] ftlesa 'kkfey gSa%
l fu;ksäk ¼employer½ dks vkikrdkyhu ;kstuk dks csgrj <ax ls le>us esaA
l ckgj fudyus ds rjhdksa ds vklku çcaèku esa lgk;rk nsukA

l deZpkfj;ksa] foftVlZ] Bsdsnkjksa vkfn dks ls¶+Vh dh czhfQax nsus esa enn feyrh gSA

l ,d vkikrdky ds nkSjku vfXu'keu dk;ksZa esa enn feyrh gSA

2- fMVsD'ku ¼vkx dk irk yxkuk½% ,d vkx ds nkSjku yksxksa dks fcfYMax ls ckgj fudyus esa vfèkd ls
vfèkd le; nsuk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, t:jh gS fd tSls gh vkx yxs] mls fMVsDV djus dh i;kZIr
O;oLFkk,a ekStwn gksaA
lHkh vkxksa ls ghV] çdk'k vkSj èkq,a fudyrs gSa vkSj vyx&vyx rjhdksa ls bu lcdk irk py ldrk
gSA ,sls dqN txgksa ij] tgka pkSchlksa ?kaVs yksx jgrs gSa] ogka euq"; }kjk vkx dk irk yxk, tkus ij

37
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fuHkZj jguk i;kZIr gks ldrk gSA tSls& yksxksa }kjk èkq,a dh xaèk dks lwa?kuk ;k yiVksa dks ns[kukA gkykafd]
vfèkdrj ekeyksa esa flQZ ,d çdkj dk v‚VkseSfVd flLVe gh] vkx dk irk yxkus dk ,dek= ekè;e
gksrk gSA
vkx idM+us dk v‚VkseSfVd flLVe gksus ls vDlj vkx dh yksds'ku dh tYn igpku dh tkrh gSA ;g
vkx vkSj fcfYMax esa QSys èkq,a dh ek=k dk ,d vanktk Hkh ns ldrk gS] ftlls ckgj fudyus vkSj tYn
çfrfØ;k nsus esa enn feysxhA
,d cgqeaftyk bekjr esa Qk;j fMVsD'ku flLVe vyx&vyx eaftyksa ij yxk, tkrs gSa] ftlls t:jr
iM+us ij fcfYMax ds vanj ds yksxksa dks leqfpr rjhds ls ckjh&ckjh ls fudkyus esa enn feyrh gSA
3- psrokuh ladsr% ,d bZetZUlh bZoSD;oS'ku dh t:jr gS ;k ugha] ;g lqfuf'pr djuk iwjh rjg ls vkx
dh ?kVuk dks fjiksVZ djus okys O;fä dh èkkj.kk vkSj mlds }kjk fLFkfr ,oa mlds laHkkfor çHkkoksa dks
le>us dh mldh {kerk ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
bZetZUlh ,D'ku ç.kkyh dks lqfuf'pr djus vkSj mls ,fDVosV djus ds fy, ,d lkekU; flLVe miyCèk
gksuk pkfg,A ;g [krjs ls tksf[ke vkSj@;k mlls lkeuk gksus ds Lrj ds ckjs esa foÜoluh; lwpukvksa
ds leqfpr laokn ij Hkh fuHkZj djrk gSA
;fn psrokuh dks ,d iwoZ&lkoèkkuh ds rkSj ij fy;k tk,xk] rks ckgj fudyus dk fu.kZ; ysus esa FkksM+h
nsj Hkh dh tk ldrh gS vkSj dqN ekeyksa esa rks bls utjankt Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g dkQh gn rd
vuko';d bZoSD;oS'ku ds fiNys dqN vuqHkoksa ls dkQh gn rd çHkkfor gksxkA

fp=% 2-2-2 èkqvka@Qk;j vykeZ

4- ,Ldsi :V~l dk ys&vkmV% blesa ,d fcfYMax ls ckgj fudyus ds jkLrksa ls tqM+s fofHkUu igyw 'kkfey
gksrs gSaA gkykafd] ,Ldsi :V~l ds vkdkj] la[;k] pkSM+kbZ vkSj yackbZ ds vfrfjä ;g Hkh t:jh gS fd ;s
:V~l bl çdkj ls cuk, vkSj n'kkZ, tk,a fd ,d vkikrdky ds nkSjku mUgsa bLrseky djus okys yksx
fudyus dh fn'kk dks vklkuh ls le> ldsaA ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, fd fcfYMax esa miyCèk ckgj
fudyus ds jkLrksa dk bLrseky djus esa yksx f>>dsa ugha] t:jh gS fd%
l i;kZIr ladsr yxs gksa] tksfd gsYFk ,aM ls¶+Vh ¼ls¶+Vh] lkbu ,aM flXuYl½ jsX;qys'kal 1996 ds vuqikyu
esa gksaA
l ckgj fudyus ds jkLrksa vkSj ladsrksa ij i;kZIr çdk'k gksA

l iwjs jkLrs ij fdlh lqj{kk ;a= dks pykus ls lacafèkr tkudkjh Li"V fy[kh gksuh pkfg,] tSls ^[kksyus
ds fy, ckj dks iq'k djsa* ;k ^[kksyus ds fy, ukc ¼knob½ dks ?kqek,a*A
l ckgj fudyus ds jkLrs lgt gksus pkfg,A

5- vkikrdkyhu funZs'k% ;g lqfuf'pr djuk t:jh gS fd fcfYMax ds vanj ds yksxksa dks fn, tkus okys
vkikrdkyhu funZs'k Li"V] leku] lkekU; vkSj vklkuh ls le>us okys gksaA deZpkfj;ksa dks vkikrdkyhu
funZs'k dbZ voljksa ij fn, tkus pkfg,] mnkgj.k ds fy, tc LVkQ ,d laLFkk dks t‚bu djsa ;k laLFkk
ds vanj gh mudk LFkkukarj.k gksA

38
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(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

Bsdsnkj vkSj nwljs yksx tc fdlh lacafèkr fcfYMax ds vanj ços'k djsa] rc mUgsa vkikrdkyhu funZs'k fn,
tkus pkfg,A vke yksxksa vkSj nwljs yksxksa dks vkikrdkyhu funZs'k nsus ds fy, fcfYMax esa fofHkUu txgksa
ij uksfVl yxkuk i;kZIr gSA
uksfVl esa fn, x, vkikrdkyhu funZs'kksa esa ,d vkx dk irk yxus ,oa vykeZ lqukbZ nsus ij mBk, tkus
okys dneksa vkSj dksbZ Hkh t:jh vfrfjä lacafèkr lwpuk 'kkfey gksuh pkfg,A
6- jhglZy ¼Rehearsal½% ,d fcfYMax ls ckgj fudyus ds ekè;e vkSj muls tqM+s flLVEl pkgs ftrus
vPNs gksa] ,d vkikrdkyhu ç.kkyh dh fjglZy djuk ges'kk t:jh gksrh gSA
Qk;j fMªYl djus ds ykHk gSa%
l fofHkUu flLVEl vk'kkuq:i lgh ls dke dj jgs gSa] ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, mudh fu;fer
VsfLVax
l fcfYMax ds yksxksa dk fofHkUu ç.kkfy;ksa ls tku&igpku ¼familiarity½ c<+kuk

l ,sls yksx] ftuds ikl pkfc;ka jgrh gSa] tSls Qk;j okMZu vkSj Qk;j bfUlMUV ¼incident½ daVªksylZ]
mUgsa viuh Hkwfedk,a fuHkkus ds volj nsuk
l LVkQ vkSj çorZu ¼enforcement½ laLFkkvksa dks ;g fn[kkuk fd vkx yxus dh fLFkfr esa yksxksa dks
çHkkoh rjhds ls ckgj fudkyus ds fy, i;kZIr O;oLFkk,a dj yh xbZ gSaA

2-2-2 çkFkfed fpfdRlk

çkFkfed fpfdRlk] fdlh nq?kZVuk ds f'kdkj ;k pksVxzLr ;k vpkud chekj gq, O;fä dks ,d ,Ecqysal] ,d
ijk&fpfdRlh; ;k fpfdRlh; O;fä ds igqapus ls igys ;k ml O;fä dks is'ksoj fpfdRlk lsok miyCèk djkus
okyh txg ij igqapkus ls igys nh tkuh okyh igyh lgk;rk ;k fd;k tkus okyk igyk bykt gksrk gSA
çkFkfed fpfdRlk ds mís';
çkFkfed fpfdRlk ds mís'; gSa:
l thou cpkuk
l fdlh O;fä dh fpfdRlk voLFkk dks [kjkc gksus ls cpkuk
l mldh fjdojh esa enn djuk] vkSj
l O;fä dks utnhdh LokLF; lqfoèkk rd ys tkuk lqfuf'pr djus esa enn djukA
çkFkfed fpfdRlk nsus okyh dh Hkwfedk% pact ;kn j[ksa

P - Protect (j{kk djuk)

A - Assess (vkadyu djuk)

C - Care (ns[kHkky djuk)

T - Transport (ys tkuk)-Triage (ojh;rk nsuk)

39
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

(A) thou y{k.k (Vital signs)

thou y{k.k 'kjhj ds ewy dk;ksZa dks ekius dk ekè;e gksrs gSaA thou ds lkekU; y{k.k vk;q] fyax] otu]
,DllkZbt+ djus dh {kerk vkSj O;fä dh iwjh LokLF; fLFkfr ij fuHkZj djrs gSaA thou ds pkj eq[; y{k.k]
ftudh vkerkSj ij fuxjkuh dh tkrh gS] bl çdkj gSa:

thou y{k.k vPNk [kjkc

ân; xfr 60&100 èkM+dusa çfr feuV 60 ls de ;k 100 ls vfèkd çfr feuV

Üolu 14&16 lkalsa çfr feuV 14 lkalsa çfr feuV ls de

Ropk xeZ] xqykch vkSj 'kq"d BaMh] ihyh vkSj ue

psruk ¼gks'k½ ltx ¼vyVZ½ vkSj dsafær lqLr ;k csgks'k

rkfydk% 2-1-1 thou y{k.k

(B) pkj a’s

tkudkjh vkadyu dk;Zokgh ns[kHkky

l xkSj ls ns[kuk l vkadyu dhft, l tks vki ls gks ldrk l ihfM+r dh enn
l enn ds fy, #duk fd D;k djus dh gS] og dhft, ds ckn] fo'ks"kK
t:jr gS l fo'ks"kK fpfdRlk lgk;rk vkus rd
l vius vki ls iwfN,] enn cqykb, mlds lkFk gh jfg,
^D;k eSa dj ldrk l viuh vkSj n'kZdksa
gwa\ dh lqj{kk dk [;ky
jf[k,
rkfydk% 2.1.2 pkj a’s

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(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

(C) tyu dk Lrj

igys Lrj dh tyu nwljs Lrj dh tyu rhljs Lrj dh tyu pkSFks Lrj dh tyu

dqN fnuksa esa [kqn gh xaHkhj] ysfdu dqN cgqr xaHkhj vkSj Ropk vR;ar xaHkhj vkSj
Bhd gks tk,xk g¶rksa esa Bhd gks tk,xk dh xzkf¶Vax dh t:jr Bhd gksus esa dbZ ckj
t:jh dk;Zokgh% cgrs t:jh dk;Zokgh% tys gksxh IykfLVd ltZjh djus
gq, ikuh ds vanj jf[k, gq, fgLls ij lkQ xhys t:jh dk;Zokgh% tys ds lkFk dbZ o"kZ yxsaxs]
diM+s dks jf[k, gq, fgLls ij ,d lw[kk thou dks [krjk
gqvk diM+k jf[k, gksrk gS
t:jh dk;Zokgh% [kqyk
NksM+sa vkSj laØe.k
ls cpk,a

rkfydk% 2-1-3 tyus ds Lrj

(D) lkekU; pksVksa ds fy, çkFkfed fpfdRlk rduhdsa

lkekU; pksVksa ds fy, çkFkfed fpfdRlk dh dqN lkekU; rduhd gSa:

pksV y{k.k djsa ugha djsa

ÝSDpj l nnZ gksuk l çHkkfor fgLls dk fgyuk&Mqyuk l çHkkfor
fgLls dks
¼Fracture½ l lwtu gksuk can djsa fgyk,&Mqyk, ugha
l gìh dk fn[kkbZ nsuk l çHkkfor fgLls dks fLFkj djsa l pksVxzLr fgLls dks èkks,a

l ,d diM+s dks iêh ¼sling½ ds rkSj ;k mldh iM+rky ugha

ij bLrseky djsa djsa
l cksMZ dks ,d iêh ds rkSj ij
bLrseky djsa
l ihfM+r dks lkoèkkuh ls ,d LVªspj
ij VªkalQj djsa

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´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

pksV y{k.k djsa ugha djsa

tyu ¼tyu l Ropk dk yky gks l fctyh ls tyus ij ikoj lIykbZ l tyh gqbZ Ropk ls
rkfydk ls tyus tkuk can djsa fpids gq, diM+ksa dks
dk Lrj ns[ksa½ l Nkyk iM+uk l vkx yxus ij dacy ;k dksV ls [khapsa ugha
l pksV ds fu'kku vkx dks cq>k,a l ?kko ij cQZ ugha j[ksa

l ljnnZ@>Vds l yiVksa dks cq>kus ds fy, ikuh dk l ?kko dks doj djus ds

¼seizures½ bLrseky djsa fy, #bZ dk bLrseky

l çHkkfor fgLls ls fdlh Hkh vkHkw"k.k ugha djsa
dks gVk nhft,
l ?kko dks ikuh ls èkksb,

jälzko ¼[kwu l [kjksapsa l ihfM+r dh lkalksa dh tkap dhft, l ?kko dks ckgj ls vanj
cguk½ l 'kjhj ls jä gkfu l ?kko dks ân; ds Lrj ls Åij dh fn'kk esa lkQ ugha
fn[kkbZ nsuk mBk, djsa
l [kkalh ds lkFk [kwu l lkQ diM+s ;k gkFkksa ls ?kko ij l T;knk ncko ugha Mkysa

vkuk lhèkk ncko Mkysa ¼15 feuV ls vfèkd

l ?kko@pksV ds l ?kko ij fn[kkbZ ns jgh fdlh Hkh
ugha½
fu'kku pht dks ogka ls gVk nsa l ihfM+r dks ikuh ugha nsa

l jä gkfu ds pyrs l [kwu cguk #dus ds ckn iêh ckaèk

csgks'k gksuk nsa
l pDdj vkuk

l ihyh Ropk

rkfydk% 2-1-4 lkekU; pksVksa ds fy, çkFkfed fpfdRlk rduhdsa

vkx ds ?kko ds fy, çkFkfed fpfdRlk rduhdsa

lHkh çdkj dh tyu ds fy,
tyu ¼burning½ dks rqjar jksdsaA
l vkx cq>k nsa ;k xeZ æo] Hkki vFkok fdlh vU; xeZ lkeku ls O;fä ds laidZ dks lekIr djsaA
l èkq,a dh yiVksa ls O;fä dks ÞLVkWi] MªkWi vkSj jksyß djus esa mldh enn djsaA
l ,sls fdlh Hkh eSVsfj;y] ftlls ne ?kqVrk gks] mls O;fä ds ikl ls gVk nsaA

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l xeZ ;k tys gq, diM+ksa dks gVk nsaA ;fn diM+s Ropk ls fpid x, gSa] rks mUgsa ?kko ds ikl ls dkV ;k QkM+
nsaA
ladkspd ¼constrictive½ diM+ksa dks rqjar gVk,a
l vkHkw"k.k] csYV vkSj rax diM+s gVk nhft,A ?kko rsth ls lwt ldrk gSA

blds ckn ;s dne mBkb,

1- igys Lrj dh tyu ds fy, ¼Ropk dh Åijh ijr dks çHkkfor djus okyh½A
tyu dks BaMk dhft,:
l tc rd nnZ de uk gks] rc rd tyh gqbZ Ropk dks cgrs gq, 'khry ¼BaMs ugha½ ikuh ds vanj ;k
BaMs ikuh esa Mqcksdj jf[k,A
l ;fn cgrk gqvk ikuh miyCèk ugha gS] rks dEçsl ¼compress½ dk bLrseky dhft,A
l tyu ds ?kko dh j{kk dhft,A
l LVsjkby] ugha fpidus okyh cSfUMt ;k lkQ diM+s ls bls doj dhft,A
l eD[ku] rsy] yks'ku ;k Øhe ¼[kklrkSj ij ;fn os [kq'kcwnkj gksa½ dks er yxkb,A çfrfnu nks ls rhu
ckj ,d isVªksfy;e&vkèkkfjr ejge ¼ointment½ yxkb,A
nnZ dk bykt dhft,:
l ,lhVkfeuksQsu ¼panadol, tylenol½] vkbcwçksQsu ¼advil, motrin, nuprin½ ;k uSçksDlsu ¼aleve,
naprosyn½ tSls vksoj&nh&dkmaVj ¼fcuk uqL[ks okys½ nnZ fuokjd nhft,A

MkWDVj ds ikl dc tk,a

fpfdRlh; enn ysa] ;fn:
l ;fn vki c<+s gq, nnZ] ykyh] lwtu] cq[kkj ;k fjlko ¼oozing½ tSls laØe.k ds y{k.k ns[krs gSaA
l fiNys Vhds dh rkjh[k ds vkèkkj ij O;fä dks fVVsul ;k cwLVj 'k‚V dh t:jr gSA gj 10 lky
esa fVVsul dk cwLVj fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
l tyu dk Nkyk nks bap ls cM+k gS ;k mlls fjlko gks jgk gSA
l ykyh ;k nnZ dqN ?kaVksa ls vfèkd le; ls cus gq, gSaA
l nnZ c<+ tkrk gSA
l gkFk] iSj] psgjk ;k tuukax ty x, gSaA
2- nwljs Lrj dh tyu ds fy, ¼Ropk dh Åijh 2 ijr çHkkfor gksrh gSa½A
tyu ds ?kko dks BaM djsa:
l 10 ;k 15 feuVksa ds fy, BaMs ikuh esa Mqcksdj j[ksaA
l ;fn cgrk gqvk ikuh miyCèk ugha gS] rks dEçsl dk bLrseky djsaA
l cQZ ugha yxk,aA ;g 'kjhj ds rkieku dks de dj ldrk gS vkSj nnZ ,oa uqdlku dks c<+k ldrk
gSA
l Nkys dks QksM+sa ugha ;k ml eD[ku ;k ejge ugha yxk,a] blls laØe.k gks ldrk gSA

43
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tyu ds ?kko dh j{kk dhft,:

l LVsjkby ,oa ugha fpidus okys cSfUMt ds lkFk <hys rjhds ls doj dhft, vkSj x‚t+ ¼gauze½ ;k
Vsi ds lkFk txg ij flD;qj dhft,A

>Vdksa ls cpkb,
;fn O;fä dks flj] xys] ;k iSj esa pksV ugha gks] ;k blls ijs'kkuh gks] rks:
l O;fä dks lhèks fyVkb,A
l iSjksa dks yxHkx 12 bap mBkb,A
l ;fn laHko gks] rks tys gq, fgLls dks ân; ds Lrj ls Åij mBkb,A
l O;fä dks dksV ;k dacy ls doj dhft,A
MkWDVj ds ikl tk,a:
l M‚DVj ?kko dh xaHkhjrk dh tkap dj ldrk gS] ,aVh&c‚;ksfVd ,oa nnZ&fuokjd nokb;ka ysus dh
lykg ns ldrk gS] vkSj ;fn t:jr gks] rks fVVsul dk 'k‚V ns ldrk gSA
3- rhljs Lrj dh tyu ds fy,

,Ecqysal dks cqyk,a

tys gq, fgLls dh j{kk djsa:
l LVsjkby ,oa ugha fpidus okys cSfUMt ds lkFk <hys rjhds ls doj dhft,A cM+s fgLlksa ds fy, ,d
iêh ¼sheet½ ;k ?kko esa Q+ksgs ugha NksM+us okys nwljs eSVsfj;y ls doj dhft,A
l tys gq, iatksa vkSj maxfy;ksa dks lw[kh] LVsjkby ifê;ksa ls vyx&vyx dhft,A
l ?kko dks ikuh esa ugha Mqcks, ;k ml ij ejge ;k eD[ku ugha yxk,aA blls laØe.k gks ldrk gSA

>Vds ls cpkb,
;fn O;fä dks flj] xys] ;k iSj esa pksV ugha gks] ;k blls ijs'kkuh gks] rks:
l O;fä dks lhèks fyVkb,A
l iSjksa dks yxHkx 12 bap Åij mBkb,A
l ;fn laHko gks] rks tys gq, fgLls dks ân; ds Lrj ls Åij mBkb,A
l O;fä dks dksV ;k dacy ls doj dhft,A
l ;fn Üolu ekxZ ¼airway½ ty x;k gS] rks ysVs gq, O;fä ds flj ds uhps rfd;k er yxkb,A
blls Üolu ekxZ can gks ldrk gSA
l psgjs ij tyu okys O;fä dks fcBk nhft,A
l tc rd bZetZUlh enn vk,] rc rd >Vdksa dh tkap ds fy, èkM+du vkSj lkal dh fuxjkuh jf[k,A
MkWDVj ds ikl tk,a:
l ;fn t:j gksxh] rks M‚DVj v‚Dlhtu vkSj ¶ywbM ¼fluid½ nsxk] vkSj ?kko dk bykt djsxkA

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2-2-3 dkMÊvksiqYeusjh fjlflVS'ku ¼Cardiopulmonary

resuscitation & ân; QqIQqlh; fpfdRlk½
dkMÊvksiqYeusjh fjlflVS'ku ¼CPR½ ,d thouj{kd rduhd gSA tc ,d O;fä dk ân; dke djuk vkSj lkal
ysuk can gks tkrs gSa] rc 'kjhj esa ;g jä vkSj v‚Dlhtu ds çokg dks cuk, j[kus dk dke djrh gSA dksbZ Hkh
çf'kf{kr O;fä CPR ns ldrk gSA blesa Nkrh dks ckgj ls nckuk vkSj lkal dks nksckjk gkfly djuk 'kkfey
gksrk gSA ân; ds #dus ds 6 feuV ds vanj ¼CPR½ nsus ls fdlh O;fä dks fpfdRlh; enn vkus rd ftank
j[kk tk ldrk gSA
ewy :i ls bls thou ds abc ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA ,d vkirdky ds nkSjku bl çfØ;k dk ges'kk bLrseky
fd;k tkrk gS:

CPR IS AS EASY AS

C-A-B

COMPRESSIONS AIRWAY BREATHING

Push hard and fast on
¼nckuk½ Tilt¼Üolu ekxZ½ head
the victim’s ¼lkal nsuk½
Give mouth-to-mouth
the center ofdksvictim’s
ihfM+ r dh Nkrh chp ls ihfM+ r ds flj dks ihNs
back, and lift the chin lka l dks nks
rescueckjk gkfly
breaths djus ds
dM+kbZ ls vkSchest
j rsth ls nckb, >qdtokb,open the airway
vkSj Üolu ekxZ fy, eq a g ls eq a g es a Qw a d ekjdj
dks [kksyus ds fy, BksM+h dks ¼mouth&to&mouth½ gks'k esa
mBkb,A ykb,A
fp=% 2-2-3 CPR çfØ;k

45
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

flQZ gkFkksa ls CPR nsuk

;fn dksbZ O;fä lkal ugha ys jgk gS] rks mldh lkals #d tk,axhA CPR ds ;s mik; ¼Nkrh dks nckuk vkSj lkal
dks nksckjk gkfly djuk½ v‚Dlhtu ds lD;Zqys'ku vkSj 'kjhj esa v‚Dlhtu igqapkus esa enn djsaxsA

HANDgkFkks a dh IyslesaV vkSj&iksPOSITION

PLACEMENT th'ku

ADULTS
o;Ld
o;Ld CHILDREN
cPps INFANTS
uotkr
1-8 YEARS
1&8 lky

nksuksa gkFk
BOTH HAND
,d gkFk
ONE HAND
22 maFINGERS
xfy;ka
Interlocked
fuIiyksa dsbetween nipples
chp baVjykW d Between
fuIiyks nipples
a ds chp esa Just below
fuIiy ykbu dsnipple line
Bhd uhps

CHEST COMPRESSIONS
Nkrh dks nckuk

Press
uhps down
nckb, Press
uhps down
nckb, Press
uhps down
nckb,
22 baINCHES
p 22 baINCHES
p 1.5
1-5 INCHES
bap
30 compressions at
çfr feuV 100&200 dEçs'kal ¼compressions½ dh nj ls
30per
100 -120 compressions dEçs 'kal allow chest to recoil
minute
between
nsus lscompression
Nkrh dks dEçs'ku dsimmediately follow
chp esa fjdkWby ¼fBBdus with
½ djus rescue
dk volj breaths
feyrk gS
blds rqjar ckn jsLD;w lkalsa nsa
fp=% 2-2-4 CPR ds LVsIl djuk

46
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

LVsi 1% vius gkFkksa dks iksth'ku djsa

lqfuf'pr djsa fd ihfM+r ,d Bksl lrg ij viuh ihB ds cy ysVk
gqvk gSA mldh cxy esa ?kqVus Vsfd, vkSj vius gkFk ds fupys fgLls
dks mldh Nkrh ds chp esa jf[k,A

LVsi 2% maxfy;ksa dks baVjy‚d dhft,

viuh ckagksa dks lhèkk j[krs gq, vius igys gkFk dks nwljs gkFk ds
fupys fgLls ls doj dhft, vkSj nksuksa gkFkksa dh maxfy;ksa dks
baVjy‚d dhft,A viuh maxfy;ksa dks mBk gqvk jf[k,] rkfd os
ihfM+r dh Nkrh ;k ilfy;ksa dks ugha Nw,aA

LVsi 3% Nkrh ij ncko nhft,

vkxs >qd tkb,] rkfd vkids daèks ihfM+r dh Nkrh ds Bhd Åij
gksa vkSj Nkrh ij yxHkx 2 bap rd nckb,A çs'kj dks fjyht
dhft,] ysfdu vius gkFkksa dks er gVkb,] vkSj Nkrh dks okil
viuh lkekU; voLFkk esa vkus nhft,A çfr feuV 100 dEçs'kal
¼compressions½ dh nj ls 30 dEçs'kal nsus rd bls nksgjkb,A

LVsi 4% lkal ds jkLrs dks [kksfy,

ihfM+r flj dh vksj tkb,A mlds flj dks eksfM+, vkSj mlds lkal
ds jkLrs dks nksckjk [kksyus ds fy, mldh BksM+h dks mBkb,A mlds
eqag dks [kqyus nhft,A
LVsi 5% jsLD;w lkals nhft,
gkFkksa ls can fd, gq, uFkquksa dks ml gkFk ls fiap dhft,] tks ekFks
ij Fkk vkSj ihfM+r dh BksM+h dks vius nwljs gkFk ls liksVZ nhft,A
,d lkekU; lkal yhft,] vius eqag dks ihfM+r ds eqag ij jf[k,
vkSj tc rd mldh Nkrh Qwyrh gqbZ uk fn[kkbZ ns] rc rd Qwad
ekjrs jfg,A
LVsi 6% Nkrh dks fxjrs gq, nsf[k,
vius eqag dks ihfM+r ds eqag ls gVkb, vkSj Nkrh dks fxjrs gq, cjkcj
ls nsf[k,A LVsi 5 vkSj 6 dks nksgjkb,A
LVsi 7% Nkrh nckus vkSj lkals nksckjk gkfly djus dh çfØ;k dks
nksgjkb,
vius gkFkksa ls Nkrh dks fQj ls nckb, vkSj 30 dEçs'kal nsus ds
pØ dks nksgjkb,A blds ckn nks jsLD;w lkalsa nhft,A bl pØ dks
tkjh jf[k,A
rkfydk% 2-2-1 cpr LVsIl djuk

47
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

2-2-4 vfXu lqj{kk fujh{k.k

vkx dh fdlh Hkh ?kVuk esa tku vkSj eky nksuksa dks xaHkhj uqdlku igqapkus dh {kerk gksrh gSA ,d Qk;j ls¶+Vh
v‚fMV fdlh txg ds vfXu lqj{kk ekudksa dks vkadus dk lcls çHkkoh ekè;e gksrk gSA ;g ekfydksa dks mu
ekeyksa dh igpku djus esa enn djrk gS] tgka lqèkkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA lkFk gh] ;g vkikrdkyhu rS;kfj;ksa
vkSj e‚d fMªYl ds vfrfjä Hkh ,d ,D'ku Iyku cukus esa enn djrk gSA
vfXu lqj{kk midj.k fujh{k.k tkap&lwph
vkx ls cpko vkSj lqj{kk midj.k vfXu fujh{k.k esa ,d vge dkjd gksrs gSaA vfXu'keu ;a=] Qk;j vykeZ]
Leksd fMVsDVlZ] Qk;j fLçaxdyj flLVEl] ;s lHkh vkx ls cpko esa ,d vge Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA blfy, ;g
lqfuf'pr djuk t:jh gS fd lHkh midj.k dke djus ds fy, lgh voLFkk esa gSa vkSj Qk;j ls¶+Vh dksM~l ds
vuqikyu esa gSaA
l vfXu'kked ;a= fu;eksa ds vuqlkj i;kZIr la[;k esa miyCèk gksus pkfg, ¼lkbV ij fdlh Hkh txg ls 75
QqV dh nwjh ds vanj½A
l vfXu'kkedksa dk vkdkj] jsfVax vkSj çdkj] ;s lHkh fctusl ¼dke&dkt½ ls esy [kkus pkfg,aA
l vfXu'kked ;a=] Qk;j vykeZ iSuy ,oa Qk;j fLçaxdylZ] ;s lHkh fiNys lfoZl fd, gq, gksus pkfg,a
vkSj budk fujh{k.k fd;k gksuk pkfg,A
l lHkh vfXu'kked] vfXu lqj{kk vuq'kalkvksa ds vuq:i nhokj ij yxs gksus pkfg, ¼;fn vfXu'kkedksa dk
otu 18 fdyks ls vfèkd otu gS] rks mudh nhokj ij ÅapkbZ 3-5 QqV ls vfèkd vkSj blls gYds gksus
ij 5 QqV ls vfèkd ugha gksuh pkfg,½
l Qk;j vykeZ iSuy ij dksbZ Hkh okfuZax ykbV ugha gksuh pkfg,A
l Qk;j fLçaxdyj fM¶ysDVlZ ds vkl&ikl i;kZIr DyhjUl ¼varjky½ gksuk pkfg, ¼de ls de 18 bap
vuq'kaflr gS½A
l fdlh Hkh midj.k ij yhdst] {kfr ¼physical damage½ ;k {kj.k ¼corrosion½ ds dksbZ Hkh fu'kku
ugha gksus pkfg,A
l okYo] gkst+ dusD'ku vkSj okVj çs'kj Qk;j dksM dh vko';drkvksa ds vuq:i i;kZIr gksus pkfg,A
Qk;j ,fXtV :V~l tkap&lwph
;g lsD'ku ;g lqfuf'pr djrk gS fd ,d vfXu vkikrdky ds nkSjku fcfYMax ls ckgj fudyrs le; yksxksa
dks fdlh ckèkk dk lkeuk ugha djuk iM+rk gSA blesa iSFk&os] ,fXtV~l] vkbYl ¼xfy;kjs½ vkSj okd&ost+ 'kkfey
gksrs gSaA
l fu;ekuqlkj de ls de nks Qk;j ,fXtV~l miyCèk gksus pkfg,aA
l tc fcfYMax ds vanj yksx ekStwn gksa] rc ,fXtV njokts vo'; vuy‚d gksus pkfg,aA
l Qk;j ,fXtV ls vkus&tkus okys lHkh xfy;kjsa ckèkk eqä gksus pkfg,aA
l ,fXtV njoktksa dh vksj ys tkus okys iSny jkLrs i;kZIr :i ls pkSM+s gksus pkfg, ¼de ls de 36 bap pkSM+s½A
l Qk;j ,fXtV~l esa iSfud gkMZos;j vo'; gksuk pkfg,A
l Qk;j ,fXtV ds lHkh njokts vkikrdky ds le; vklkuh ls [kksys tk ldus okys gksus pkfg,aA
l vfXu'kkedksa vkSj Qk;j vykeZ daVªksy iSuy tSls lqj{kk midj.k vklkuh ls igqap esa gksus pkfg,A
l ,fXtV dh vksj tkus okys jkLrksa ij i;kZIr çdk'k vkSj ekfdZax gksuh pkfg,A
l ,d vfXu vkikrdky ds nkSjku ykbVksa ds can gksus ij ,fXtV ladsrksa ds ikl cSdvi cSVfj;ka gksuh pkfg,a
¼de ls de 90 feuV dk ikoj cSd vi nsus ds fy,½A

48
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

lkjka'k
l bysfDVªdy] midj.kksa dk xeZ gksuk] çfØ;k ds nkSjku gksus okys [krjs ¼process dangers½] Toyu'khy
èkwy vkfn vkx yxus ds dqN dkj.k gSaA
l çHkkoh vkikrdkyhu ç.kkfy;ksa dks ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds mís'; ls cuk;k tkrk gS fd ,d fcfYMax ds
yksxksa dk Qk;j ,¶ywvUV~l ;k ghV ls dHkh lkeuk ugha gksA
l laosnh èkkj.kk ¼sensory perception½ og çfØ;k gksrh gS] ftlls ge vius okrkoj.k ls fdlh lwpuk
dk irk yxkrs gSa vkSj mldk vFkZ fudkyrs gSaA
l vkx ds fofHkUu çdkj gSa: clas A, B, C, D, E, KA
l fofHkUu çdkj ds vfXu'kked: ikuh ds vfXu'kked] 'kq"d jlk;u vfXu'kked] Qkse vfXu'kked] dkcZu MkbZ
v‚DlkbM vfXu'kked] fo'ks"k 'kq"d ikmMj vfXu'kkedA
l vfXu'kkedksa dks pas rduhd dk ikyu djds bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA
l Toyu'khy inkFkZ bl rjg ls LVksj vkSj bLrseky fd, tkus pkfg,] ftlls mudk çToyu lzksrksa ls lkeuk
ugha gksA
l O;fäxr lqj{kk midj.k ¼PPE½ og diM+s ;k midj.k gksrs gSa] ftUgsa deZpkjh fofHkUu [krjksa ls cpus ds
fy, igurs gSaA
l vfXu'kked] vyx&vyx çdkj dh vkx ls fucVus ds fy, cuk, tkrs gSaA
l ,d ifeZV Vw odZ ¼ihVhMCY;w½ flLVe ,d ,slk nLrkost gksrk gS] tks fd, tkus okys dke] mlesa 'kkfey
gksus okys lHkh laHkkfor [krjksa ds fy, yh tkus okyh iwoZ&lkoèkkfu;ksa dk fuèkkZj.k djrk gS vkSj midj.k
dks gSaMvksoj djrs le; mldh voLFkk dks fjd‚MZ djrk gSA ;g nLrkost vius&vki esa dke dks lqjf{kr
ugha cukrk gS] cfYd ;g dke djus ds rjhds dks Qqy&çwQ cukrk gSA
l ckgj fudyus dh çfØ;k esa 4 vyx&vyx pj.k gksrs gSa: vyVZ Vkbe] çh&ewoesaV Vkbe] VªSoy Vkbe] ¶yks
VkbeA
l ,d vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr ds nkSjku yksxksa ds O;ogkj ls iSnk gksus okyh leL;kvksa dks de ls de djus ds
fy, t:jh gS fd ,d lexz vkikrdkyhu ;kstuk cukbZ tk,A blesa fMVsD'ku] okfuZax flaxuYlA ,Ldsi
:V~l dk ys&vkmV vkSj vkikrdkyhu fn'kk&funZs'k 'kkfey gksrs gSaA
l vko';d ¼Mandatory½ lans'k mu dneksa dks n'kkZrs gSa] ftUgsa Qk;j jsX;qys'kUl ¼regulations½ ds
vuqikyu esa vo'; mBkuk pkfg,A ;s yksxksa dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, fMtkbu fd, tkrs gSaA
l psrkouh ladsr yksxksa dks Toyu'khy inkFkksZa dh mifLFkfr ds ckjs esa tkx:d j[kus ds fy, t:jh gksrs gSaA
l ?kVuk çfrfØ;k ;kstuk ¼IRP½] vkx yxus ds nkSjku mlls fucVus okys igys jhLikUMlZ ¼responders½
vkSj ogka ekStwn yksxksa dh vfèkd ls vfèkd lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus ds nkSjku vkx ls fucVus ds dke dks
çHkkoh <ax ls djus ds fy, t:jh vkikrdkyhu çfrfØ;k vkSj tehuh j.kuhfr;ksa ds tksf[keksa ,oa Q+k;nksa
dk ewY;kadu djrh gSA
l çkFkfed fpfdRlk] fdlh nq?kZVuk ds f'kdkj ;k pksVxzLr ;k vpkud chekj gq, O;fä dks ,d ,Ecqysal ds
igqapus ls igys nh tkuh okyh igyh lgk;rk ;k fd;k tkus okyk igyk bykt gksrk gSA
l çkFkfed fpfdRlk nsus okys dks ges'kk pact ;kn j[kuk pkfg,] tksfd gS: Protect ¼j{kk djuk½] Asses
¼vkadyu djuk½] Care ¼ns[kHkky djuk½ vkSj Transport ¼ys tkuk½ – Triage ¼ojh;rk nsuk½A
l igys Lrj dh tyu dqN fnuksa esa [kqn gh Bhd gks tkrh gS] nwljs Lrj dh tyu xaHkhj] ysfdu dqN g¶rksa
esa Bhd gks tkrh gSA rhljs Lrj dh tyu cgqr xaHkhj gksrh gSa vkSj buesa Ropk dh xzkf¶Vax dh t:jr
gksrh gSA pkSFks Lrj dh tyu vR;ar xaHkhj gksrh gSa vkSj buds Bhd gksus esa ckj&ckj IykfLVd ltZjh ,oa
xzkf¶Vax djus ds lkFk dbZ o"kZ yxsaxsA
l dkMÊvksiY q eusjh fjlflVS'ku ¼CPR½ ,d thouj{kd rduhd gSA tc ,d O;fä dk ân; dke djuk vkSj
lkal ysuk can gks tkrs gS]a rc 'kjhj esa ;g jä vkSj v‚Dlhtu ds çokg dks cuk, j[kus dk dke djrh gSA

49
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

vH;kl
1- vkx ds ,d [krjs ds çfr ,d fcfYMax ds vanj ds yksx ftl rjg ls vyx&vyx O;ogkj djsaxs] og ----
----------------------------- gksrk gSA
2- ,d csgks'k O;fä ds Üolu ekxksZa ¼airway½ dks vkidks dSls [kksyuk pkfg,\
a½ flj dks >qdkb, vkSj BksM+h dks mBkb, b½ tcM+s ij tksj nhft,
c½ flj dks >qdkb, vkSj tcM+s ij tksj nhft, d½ BksM+h dks mBkb,
3- vki ;g fdruh nsj rd ns[ksaxs fd ,d csgks'k O;fä lkekU; :i ls lkal ys jgk gS\
a½ 10 lsdsaM ls vfèkd ugha b½ yxHkx 10 lsdsaM
c½ iwjs 10 lsdsaM d½ de ls de 10 lsdsaM
4- çkFkfed nsus okys vki ,d vdsys O;fä gSa vkSj vkids ikl ,d csgks'k o;Ld O;fä gS] ftldh lkals ugha
py jgh gSaA vkidks lcls igys D;k djuk pkfg,\
a½ Nkrh ds 30 dEçs'kal ds lkFk CPR nhft,
b½ 5 'kq#vkrh jsLD;w lkals nhft,
c½ 911@112 ij d‚y dhft, vkSj AED ¼defibrillator½ ,oa ,Ecqysal dk vuqjksèk dhft,
d½ 2 'kq#vkrh jsLD;w lkals nhft,
5- ,d o;Ld dks fn, tkus okys CPR esa Nkrh ds dEçs'kal vkSj jsLD;w lkalksa dk lgh vuqikr D;k gksrk gS\
a½ 2 dEçs'kal% 30 jsLD;w lkalsa b½ 5 dEçs'kal% 1 jsLD;w lkal
c½ 15 dEçs'kal% 2 jsLD;w lkalsa d½ 30 dEçs'kal% 2 jsLD;w lkalsa
6- ;fn vki dks 'kd gS fd ,d ihfM+r dks ân;?kkr vk;k gS] rks vkidks dkSu lk VsLV bLrseky djuk pkfg,\
a½ Qsl] vkElZ] Lihp] VsLV b½ vyVZ] o‚;l] isu] vujhLikfUlo
c½ jhLikUl] ,;jos] czhfnax] ljD;qys'ku d½ iYl] jsLihjsVjh jsV] VsEijpj
7- nwljs Lrj dh tyu dk lcls vPNk bykt D;k gS\
a½ bl ij ,syks osjk yks'ku yxkb, b½ ikuh
c½ ?kko ij cQZ yxkb, d½ diM+s ls <d nhft,
8- ukd ls cgus okys [kwu dks jksdk tk ldrk gS%
a½ bartkj djds b½ uFkwuksa dks BksM+h nsj fiap djds
c½ fiykus ds fy, dqN BaMk nsdj d½ ukd esa d‚Vu dh #bZ yxkb,
9- vki lkalksa dh tkap dSls djrs gSa\
a½ lqudj b½ Nkrh dk Qwyuk ns[kdj
c½ xkyksa dks eglwl djds d½ nsf[k,] lqfu, vkSj eglwl dhft,
10- lcls vfèkd ikWbt+fuax ¼fo"kkäu½ ?kj ij gh gksrh gS ¼lgh@xyr½
11- ---- vfèkd xaHkhj tyu gksrh gS] ftlesa Ropk dh ckgjh vkSj mlds ckn dh ijr] MfeZl çHkkfor gksrh gSA
bUgsa Bhd gksus esa vfèkd le; yxrk gSA
12- CPR dh Qqy QkWeZ gS -------------------------------------------------------
13- lkekU; ân; xfr D;k gksrh gS\
a½ 12&20 b½ 15&20
c½ 60&100 d½ 50&80

50
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

Scan the QR codes or click on the link to watch the Scan the QR codes or click on the link to watch the
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Classes of fire Basic Safety Rules

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Offshore Oil Rig Safety Rules and Emergency Response Work Permit System

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How to Inspect Fire Extinguisher How to Inspect Fire Extinguisher

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Ensuring the safety, security and reliability of oil & gas Animation of April 26, 2018, Explosion and Fire at the Husky
power equipment centers Energy Refinery in Superior, Wisconsin

51
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

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BP Texas City Explosion Animation Fire extinguishing agents

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Fire Suppression System Environment Pollution Oil Spill

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Impacts of Oil Spills
Natural gas liquids, and what happens if they leak?
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Effects of oil spills or gas leakage

52
3. dk;ZLFky ij Qk;j
ls¶+Vh dk;ksZa dks djuk
;wfuV 3-1 vfXu'keu midj.kksa dk bLrseky
;wfuV 3-2 Qk;j ls¶+Vh ds mik;

,pokbZlh@,u 3602
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

lh[kus ds çeq[k ifj.kke

bl ekWMîwy ds var esa] çfrHkkxh l{ke gksaxs%
1- vfXu'kked ;a=ksa dk bLrseky igpkuus esaA
2- Qk;j ls¶+Vh mik;ksa dk çn'kZu djus esaA
3- ls¶+Vh ls tqM+s fjd‚MZ dhfiax flLVe dks djus esaA

54
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(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

;wfuV 3-1 & vfXu'kked ;a=ksa dk bLrseky

;wfuV ds mís';
bl ;wfuV ds var esa] çfrHkkxh lQy gksaxs%
1- vkx ds lzksr vkSj vfXu'kked ;a=ksa dh igpku djus esaA
2- vfXu'keu ç.kkfy;ksa dh igpku djus esaA
3- vfXu vkikrdkyksa ds nkSjku bLrseky gksus okys fofHkUu PPE dh igpku djus esaA
4- vkx cq>kus ds mfpr rjhdksa dk çn'kZu djus esaA

3-1-1 vfXu'keu ;a=

vyx&vyx çdkj dh vkxksa ls fucVus ds fy, vyx&vyx çdkj vfXu'keu ;a= cuk, tkrs gSaA vkx 5
vyx&vyx çdkj dh gksrh gSa vkSj dbZ çdkj ds vfXu'keu ;a= gksrs gSaA

vfXu'kked ;a=ksa ds igpku

çdkj bLrseky Qk;j Class dyj dksM
¼vkx dk
oxZ½
ikuh dk vfXu'kked l ikuh ghV dks nwj djrk gS vkSj vkx Class A ladsr yky
dks cq>krk gS vkx
l fctyh ds midj.k ykbo gksus dh
fLFkfr esa ikuh dk bLrseky ugha djuk
pkfg,] D;ksafd blls bysDVªD;w'ku
¼fctyh ls ekSr½ gks ldrk gS
l èkkrq vkxksa ij ikuh dk bLrseky
fcYdqy Hkh djuk pkfg,

Mªkb dsfedy ikmMj l DCP vfXu'kked] ¶;wy ds ljQsl ij Class B vkSj C lapkyu vuqns'kksa ds
¼DCP½ vfXu'kked dsfedy ikmMj dh dksfVax djds vkx vkx Åij ,d uhys iSuy
cq>krk gS ds lkFk yky
l ;g gok esa ekStwn v‚Dlhtu dks ¶;wy
ls vyx djrk gS vkSj ikuh dh ok"i
cuus ls jksdrk gS

55
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

vfXu'kked ;a=ksa ds igpku

çdkj bLrseky Qk;j Class dyj dksM
¼vkx dk
oxZ½
Qkse Vkbi ds l bfDLVaxfXof'kax ,tsaV ikuh esa Class A vkSj lapkyu vuqns'kksa ds
vfXu'kked dkUlUVªSV ¼lkaæ½ cukus okyh ,sDohvl B vkx Åij ,d Øhe iSuy
¼aqueous½ fQYe gksrh gS] tksfd ds lkFk yky
,d ,sLijsfVax ¼aspirating½ ukt+y
ds tfj, fMLpktZ gksus ij ,;j Qkse
cukrh gSA
l tSls&tSls ;g ¶;wy ij QSyrk gS] ,d
CySadsfVax bQsDV dk bLrseky djds
v‚Dlhtu dks ¶;wy ds ljQsl ls
vyx djrk gSA
l tyrs gq, æoksa dh lrg ls ok"i cuus
ls jksdrk gSA
dkcZu MkbZ vkWDlkbM l CO2 vkl&ikl dh gok ls v‚Dlhtu Class B vkSj lapkyu vuqns'kksa ds
vfXu'kkeds dks gVkdj vkx cq>krh gSA C vkx Åij ,d dkys iSuy
l lS)kafrd :i ls bldk ykHk ;g gS fd ds lkFk yky
;g dksbZ Hkh vof'k"V Hkh NksM+rk gSA
l ;g bysfDVªdy@bysDVª‚fud midj.kksa
ij bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA
l èkkrq ij yxus okyh vkxksa ij bLrseky
ds fy, CO2 mi;qä ugha gSA

Lis'ky Mªkb ikmMj l èkkrqvkxksa dks cq>kus ds fy, fo'ks"k Class D vkx lapkyu vuqns'kksa ds
bfDLVaxfXof'kax ,tsaVksa dh t:jr Åij ,d uhys iSuy
iM+rh gSA ds lkFk yky
l Mªkb ikmMj esVy ljQsl ij ,d
ØLV cukdj gok dks vyx djds vkx
cq>krk gS vkSj esVy ljQsl ls ghV Hkh
vo'kksf"kr djrk gSA

rkfydk% 3-1-1 vfXu'kkedksa ds çdkj

,d vfXu'kked ;a= dk lgh bLrseky

,d vfXu'kked dk bLrseky djus dk rjhdk gS] PASS dk ikyu djukA PASS ,sØfue gS: fiu dks pull dhft,
¼P½] aim ¼A½] squeeze ¼S½ vkSj sweep ¼S½A
1- fiu dks pull ¼iqy½ dhft,% ,d vfXu'kked ;a= dks lgh rjhds ls bLrseky djus ds fy, igyk dne
gS mlds gSaMy dh fiu dks iqy djukA

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(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

2- y{; ¼Aim½% vxyk dne gS vfXu'kked dh ukt+y ls y{; ¼aim½ yxkukA y{; dh fn'kk vkx ds
vkèkkj ij gksuh pkfg,A ,slk blfy, gS D;ksafd V‚i ij Lçs fd;k x;k Qkse flQZ Åij dh vkx dks
gh de djsxk ;k cq>k,xkA ;g ml mís'; dh iwfrZ ugha djsxk] ftlds fy, vfXu'kked dk bLrseky
fd;k tkrk gSA cq>h gqbZ fpaxkjh dks ;fn v‚Dlhtu ;k dksbZ Toyu'khy lkexzh fey tk,] rks og fQj
ls thfor gks ldrh gSA
3- LDoht+ ¼Squeeze½% blds ckn ,d csgn fu;af=r rjhds ls vkidks ,tsaV dks fjyht djus dh t:jr
gSA ;g fVªxj dks LDoht+ djds fd;k tk ldrk gSA
4- Lohi ¼sweep½% ;fn vki nwljs pj.k dks ns[ksa] rks vki igys gh i<+ pqds gSa fd ukt+y dks vkx ds
vkèkkj ij ,se ¼aim½ djuk pkfg,A vfXu'kked ds ukt+y dks ckbZa ls nkbZa vksj Lohi djsaA bl çfØ;k dks
rc rd nksgjkrs jgsa] tc rd fd vkx cq> uk tk,A vkidks rsth ls dke djus dh t:jr gS] D;ksafd
vfèkdrj vfXu'kked ;a=ksa dk fMLpktZ Vkbe yxHkx 10&20 lsdsaM gksrk gSA
PASS rduhd

1 2

yscy ij fn, x, vuqns'k ds vuqlkj ls¶+Vh fiu ukt+y dks vkx ds vkèkkj ij ,se dhft,
dks iqy dhft,

3 4

yhoj dks LDoht+ dhft, vfXu'kked ds fMLpktZ dk bLrseky djds

vkx dks Lohi dhft,
rkfydk% 3-1-2 vfXu'kked ;a= dk bLrseky djus dk lgh rjhdk

57
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

vkx ds lkFk dSls fucVsa

;fn ?kj esa vkx yx xbZ gS] rks vkidks ;s dne mBkus dh t:jr gS:
l ;fn vkx cgqr NksVh gS vkSj mlls fucVk tk ldrk gS] rks vkidks blls [kqn gh fucVuk pkfg,A ugha
rks] vkidks vius ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk ?kj ls ckgj fudy tkuk pkfg,A
l Qk;j fczxsM dks vkSj iM+ksfl;ksa dks Hkh enn ds fy, cqykb,A
l ;fn vkids diM+ksa esa vkx yx xbZ gS] rks Q'kZ ij ysV tkb, vkSj xksy&xksy yq<+fd,] rkfd yiVsa cq>
tk,aA
l ;fn vki ,d dejs esa ,d vkx esa Qal x, gSa] rks vius ?kqVuksa ds cy ij >qd tkb, vkSj ftruk laHko
gks lds] èkq,a dh lkal ugha ysus dh dksf'k'k dhft,A
l ftruh tYnh gks lds] vkidks ,fXtV dh vksj jsaxuk pkfg,A
l NksVh vkxksa ij vki vfXu'kked dk bLrseky dj ldrs gSa] ysfdu vkidks [kqn dks blds fy, çf'kf{kr
djkuk pkfg,A

vkx dks LVkoZ ¼starve½ djus ds rjhds

,d vkx dk irk yxus ij] v‚Dlhtu vkSj Toyu'khy eSVsfj;y gVkdj vkx dks LVkoZ djus ds fy, gjlaHko
ç;kl djuk pkfg,A vkx ls cpko dk rjhdk bl çdkj gS(
l lHkh njoktksa vkSj f[kM+fd;ksa dks can dj nhft,(
l pksVh vkxksa dks dacy ;k nwljs leqfpr lkekuksa ls <d nhft,(
l vkx dks BaMk dhft,(
l Toyu'khy lkekuksa dks gVk nhft,(
l fctyh ds lHkh esu fLopksa dks can dj nhft,( vkSj
l ;fn miyCèk gS] rks mfpr vfXu'kkedksa dk bLrseky dhft,A
rek'kkb;ksa dks [krjs okyh txg ls ,d lqjf{kr txg ij Hkst nhft,A Qk;j fczxsM ;k vkikrdkyhu lsokvksa ds
fy, igqap dk ,d jkLrk [kqyk jf[k, vkSj yqVsjksa dk è;ku jf[k,] D;ksafd dherh leku pqjkus ds fy, yksx vkx
ls iSnk gqbZ vQjk&rQjh dk Qk;nk mBk ldrs gSaA

vfXu vkikrdky ç.kkyh ¼djsa vkSj ugha djsa½

csfld Qk;j&QkbfVax djrs le; lkekU; fl)kar ¼djsa vkSj ugha djsa½ bl çdkj gSa%
djsa
l ,d vkx ls fucVus ls igys lqfuf'pr djsa fd vfrfjä ¼back&up½ lgk;rk miyCèk gS(
l ,d vkx ls fucVus ls igys lqfuf'pr djsa fd ,Ldsi :V miyCèk gS(
l vfXu'kked ds yscy ij fn, x, vuqns'kksa dk ikyu djsa(
l vfXu'kked ekè;e dks yiVksa ds vkèkkj ij yxk,a vkSj ukt+y dks rsth ls ,d lkbM ls nwljs lkbM esa
?kqek,a(
l yiVksa dks vius ls nwj cgk,a*
l yacor vkxksa ds fy,] yiVksa ds vkèkkj ls 'kq: djsa vkSj Åij dh vksj tk,a(
l vkx ;fn [kqys esa yxh gS] rks gok dh vksj ls vkx dks vçksp djsa(

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l vkx dks vçksp djrs le; ,d >qdus okyh eqæk esa vk,a] blls vkidks ghV vkSj èkq,a ls lqj{kk feyrh gS(
l vkx ds iSVuZ esa fdlh cnyko ds çfr lrdZ jgsa(
l bysfVªdy midj.k ls tqM+h fdlh vkx ls fucVrs le;] vkx dks nksckjk HkM+dus ls jksdus ds fy, ftruh
tYnh gks lds mruh tYnh ikoj dks gVk nhft,( vkSj
l lqfuf'pr dhft, fd vkx iwjh rjg ls cq>k nh xbZ gS vkSj dksbZ fpaxkjh ugha cph gSA
ugha djsa
l [kqn dks [krjs esa ugha Mkysa(
l ;fn vkx T;knk cM+h gS] rks rqjar ml txg ls ckgj fudfy,(
l tc rd fd vfXu'kked VuZvksoj Vkbi dk ugha gks] rc rd dke ds nkSjku fdlh vfXu'kked dks >qdkb,
;k mYVk er dhft,(
l tc Hkh ,d Toyu'khy fc[kjko dh vkx dks cq>k jgs gSa] rks dHkh Hkh fc[kjs gq, æo ij er pfy,A blls
yiVksa ls gksus okyh tyu ls cpk tk ldrk gS(
l ,d dUVªksycy fMLpktZ Vkbi ds vfXu'kked dk bLrseky djds Toyu'khy æoksa dh vkx ls fucVrs
le; tc rd fd vkx iwjh rjg ls cq>k uk tk,] rc rd Lçs djrs jfg,( vkSj
l ,d ckj vkx cq>us ds ckn èkhjs&èkhjs ihNs gfV, vkSj dHkh Hkh viuh ihB dks vkx dh vksj er dfj,A

vkx ls ckgj fudyus ds dne (Fire evacuation steps)

vkx ls fudklh djus dk Øe gS
l fMVsD'ku ¼irk yxkuk½
l fMfl'ku ¼fu.kZ;½
l vykeZ ¼psrkouh nsuk½
l fj,D'ku ¼çfrfØ;k½
l ,d 'kj.kLFky ;k ,d vlsacyh LVs'ku@{ks= ¼bdëk gksus okyh txg½ ij tkuk
l VªkaliksVZs'ku ¼ifjogu½

vkx yxus dh ,d ?kVuk ds nkSjku cpko dh rduhdsa

(A) vkx ds çfr çfrfØ;k nsuk
l Qk;j vykeZ flLVe vo'; 'kq: fd;k tkuk pkfg,] vkSj ,d vyVZ vo'; tkjh fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
l vkx ls fucVus ls igys ,d lqjf{kr fudklh jkLrs dh igpku dj yh tkuh pkfg,A
l mi;qä çdkj ds vfXu'kked dk p;u fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
l vkx cq>kus ds fy, PASS rduhd dk vo'; bLrseky fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
l ;fn vfXu'keu ;a= [kRe gks x;k gS vkSj vkx vHkh yxh gqbZ gS] rks rqjar fudklh dh tkuh pkfg,A
l lqj{kk vkSj LFkkuh; vkikrdkyhu lsokvksa dks cqykb,A
l tYn ls tYn vfXu'keu lsokvksa dks cqykb,A
l ftruk laHko gks èkq,a ls nwj jfg,] D;ksafd èkq,a esa tgjhyh xSlsa gks ldrh gSaA
l ,d xhys diM+s ls vius eqag vkSj ukd dks <fd,A ihfM+r ij Hkh ,d xhyk diM+k Mkfy, vkSj lqfuf'pr
dhft, fd og tgjhyh xSlsa lkal ds tfj, vanj ugha ysaA

59
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

l utnhdh ,fXtV :Vl <waf<, vkSj ,sls yksxksa dks cqykb,] ftUgsa vki vius lkFk ys tk ldrs gSaA
l ,d njoktk [kksyrs le; njokts dks igys viuh gFksyh ds fiNys fgLls ls Nwb,A
l O;fä dks vkx ls cpkus ds fy, ml ij ,d dacy yisV nhft,A
l pwafd vkidks ,d O;fä dks lkFk ysdj ckgj fudyuk gS] blfy, fcfYMax ls èkhjs&èkhjs ckgj fudyuk
'kq: dhft,A
l ges'kk lhf<+;ksa dk bLrseky djsa] fy¶V ¼elevator½ dk ughaA
l tYnckth ugha djsaA
l fcfYMax ls ckgj fudyrs le;] tks dksbZ Hkh lkeus vk,] mls lkFk ysaA
l ges'kk uhps dh vksj tk,a vkSj tc rd vfXu'kked ¼fire-fighters½ ugha vk tk,a] rc rd vkx okyh
txg ij okil ugha ykSVsaA
(B) fudklh 'kq: djsa
l viuk dke rqjar can djsa] ysfdu ?kcjk,a ughaA
l bdëk gksa vkSj fudyus ls igys flQZ lsy Qksu tSlh egRoiw.kZ oLrq,a gh vius lkFk ysaA
l Þ,fXtVß ladsr okys lcls utnhdh njokts ds tfj, ?kj ls fudfy,A
l ;fn ihfM+r ds ifjtu ;k nksLr ekStwn ugha gSa] rks muls Qksu ls laidZ dhft,A
l enn gsrq vfXu vkikrdky ds fy, 101 ij ;k nwljh çk—frd vkink ds fy, 108 ij d‚y dhft,A
l ihfM+r dk çkFkfed fpfdRlk ds tfj, bykt dhft,A
(C) vkikrdkyhu fudklh çfØ;k
l fudklh vykeZ ;k ?kj ds ckgj ;k vanj fdlh O;fä ls vkx ds ckjs esa lquus ds ckn lHkh dkeksa dks
rqjar can djsa vkSj viuh O;fäxr dherh phtksa dks lqjf{kr djsaA
l ;fn dksbZ O;fä [krjs esa fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS] rks mldh enn dhft,A ysfdu ,slk rHkh djsa] tc ,slk djuk
lqjf{kr gksA
l fudklh ds nkSjku ;fn fdlh dke ;k çfØ;k dks fudklh ds pyrs fcuk fdlh dh mifLFkfr esa NksM+us
ls mlls [krjk iSnk gksus ;k uqdlku gksus dh laHkkouk gS] rks mUgsa lqjf{kr djsaA ysfdu ,slk rHkh djsa]
tc ,slk djuk O;ogkfjd vkSj lqjf{kr gksA
l vkikrdkyhu fu;a=.k dfeZ;ksa }kjk fn, x, fn'kk&funZs'kksa ds eqrkfcd dke djsa vkSj fcfYMax dks rqjar
[kkyh djsaA
l ;fn vkikrdkyhu fu;a=.k dfeZ;ksa ls lkekU; fudklh esa lgk;rk djus ds fn'kk&funZs'kksa feyrs gSa] rks
,slk djsaA
l fcfYMax esa Qals fnO;kax yksxksa dh fudklh esa enn djsaA
l vkx ds nkSjku fcfYMax ls fudklh djus esa ,d fy¶V dk bLrseky ugha djsaA
l fudklh gsrq bdëk gksus ds fy, fuèkkZfjr txg ij 'kkafr ls tk,a vkSj tc rd fd ^v‚y Dyh;j* dk
b'kkjk ugha fn;k tk,] rc rd ml txg dks ugha NksM+saA
l lacafèkr vkikrdkyhu dfeZ;ksa vkSj ifjlj vkikrdkyhu fu;a=.k dfeZ;ksa ds fn'kk&funZs'kksa dk ikyu djsaA

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3-1-2 gkbMªksdkcZu ls tqM+s vkx ds [krjs] tksf[ke vkSj fu;a=.k

ykbfV~uax ¼Lighting & fctyh fxjuk½
,d ykbfVax LVªkbd ¼lighting strike½ okrkoj.k ls fctyh dk cgqr vfèkd fMLpktZ gksrk gS] ftlesa tehu
rd bysfDVªdy pktZ mRiUu gks tkrk gSA
ykbfVax ls gksus okys [krjs dks iwjh rjg ls lekIr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS] [kkl rkSj ij ¶yksfVax :Q+ VSaDl ds
lkFk] tgka vkerkSj ij fje lhy ds pkjksa vksj ok"i mifLFkr jgrh gSA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vkx yxus ds ifj.kkeksa
ls fucVus ds fy, v‚VkseSfVd fje lhy Qk;j bfDLVaxfXo'kj flLVEl lfgr fofHkUu mik; fd, tkus pkfg,A
ykbfV~uax ykbfVax LVªkbd ls gksus okys [krjksa esa 'kkfey gSa:
l fpaxkfj;ka] ftuls vkx yx ldrh gS ;k foLQksV gks ldrk gSA

l bysfDVªdy midj.kksa esa ikoj dh vfèkdrk] [kklrkSj ij fuxjkuh vkSj lqj{kk midj.kksa esa] ftlls os dke
djus ds yk;d ugha jgrs gSaA
l ykbfV~uax LVªkbd ls lqj{kk ,d fo'ks"kK {ks= gS] ftlds fy, bl ckr dh fo'ks"k tkudkjh dh vko';drk
iM+rh gS fd gj lqfoèkk ds fy, dkSu ls flLVEl mi;qä gSaA gkykafd] lkekU; rkSj ij muesa 'kkfey gksrs
gSa%
l ,d ^fMfliS'ku vjS flLVeß ¼dissipation array system½] tks lkbV vkSj vkl&ikl ekStwn fdlh
LV‚eZ DykmM lsy ds chp iVsU'ky ¼potential½ dks de djrk gSA
l ^djaV dysDVj* uke dk ,d xzkmfUMax flLVeA ;g ,d bysfDVªdyh vkblksysVsM ,fj;k miyCèk djkrk
gS] ftlds vanj Q+SflfyVh ¼facility½ vofLFkr gksxhA ;g vkerkSj ij 25 lsaVhehVj dh xgjkbZ ij ncs
gq, ,d rkj ls cuk gksrk gS] tks ,d çksVsDVsM ,fj, dks ?ksjrk gSA ;g rkj j‚M~l ls Hkh dusDV gksrk gS]
tks fd 10 ehVj ds varjky ij tehu esa èkalh gqbZ gksrh gSaA varr%] bUDykst+~M ,fj;k Ø‚l&dUMDVlZ ds
,d tky ls tqM+k gksrk gS] tksfd ml ,fj, ds vanj fLFkr fdlh Hkh LVªDpj ds lkFk&lkFk [kqn xzkmfUMax
flLVe ls dusDV gksrs gSaA blls djaV tehu esa lqjf{kr rjhds ls fMLpktZ gks tkrk gSA
l bysfDVªdy ltZ lçs'ku fMokblA ;s fMokbl nks vyx&vyx dke djrh gSaA igyk] Q+SflfyVh ds vanj
Mk;jsDV LVªkbd gksus ls jksduk] vkSj nwljk] QkLV&jkbft+ax] gkbZ djaV lTlZ dks jksdukA
lkekU; rkSj ij] t:jh iwoZ&lkoèkkfu;ka gSa:
l Toyu'khy vkSj foLQksVd lkexzh ds vkl&ikl ls ykbfV~uax dks nwj j[kukA

l vkl&ikl ds dEiksuUVl~ ij t‚baV~l vkSj DySaIl esa LikfdZax ;k ¶yS'kvksoj gksus ls cpkukA

l dUMDVlZ dks vksojghV gksus ls cpkukA

l c<+s gq, oksYVst ds pyrs ¶yS'kvksoj ;k LikfdZax gksus ls cpkukA

l vFkZ VeZuS'ku flLVe ds iVsU'ky dks c<+us ls jksdukA

l lHkh esVy dUVSulZ i;kZIr eksVkbZ ¼vkerkSj ij de ls de 5 feeh½ ds gksus pkfg,A

l fdlh djaV ltZ dks leqfpr :i ls lc&fMokbM djus ds fy, Mkmu dUMDVlZ nwljs lHkh esVy LVªDplZ
esa vkSj i;kZIr la[;k esa fQV gksus pkfg,A
l lHkh vfFkZax flLVEl ,d vdsys vFkZ VeZuS'ku flLVe ls baVj&dusDV gksus pkfg,A ;g vkerkSj ij lkbV
ds pkjksa vksj ,d es'k ¼mesh½ ;k fxzM dk :i ys ysrk gSA

foLQksV vkSj FkeZy jsMh,s'ku ds laHkkfor ifj.kke

vkx dks Þ,d eSVsfj;y ;k inkFkZ ds rhoz v‚Dlhdj.kß ds :i ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ngu ds uke
ls tkuk tkrk gSA blls çdk'k] ghV vkSj èkq,a ,oa xSl tSls fofHkUu fj,D'ku mRikn fjyht gksrs gSaA vkx rhu

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Lora= rRoksa ls feydj cuh gksrh gS] tksfd ^vfXu f=Hkqt* ds uke ls tkus tkrs gSaA ;s gSa:
l ghV ¼Å"ek½ ;k çTtoyu ds lzksr
l bZaèku
l v‚Dlhtu
;g vfXu f=Hkqt ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
1- foLQksV% ;g Hkh ,d çdkj dh vkx gh gksrk gS] ysfdu blesa ngu bruh rsth ls gksrk gS fd vksoj&çs'kj
¼foLQksV½ uke dk ,d çHkko NksM+rk gSA dqN fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vanj ¶ySe ds ÝaV dh xfr ,d
lqijlksfud Lrj rd igqap ldrh gS] ftlls vfèkd 'kfä'kkyh foLQksV gksrk gSA
rsy vkSj xSl m|ksx esa rhu çdkj ds foLQksV gksrs gSaA ;s gSa:
l c‚bfyax fyfDoM bDLiSfUMax oikSj bDLIyks'ku ¼Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour EÛplosion
& BLEVE½A
l dUQkbUM oikSj DykmM bDLIyks'ku ¼Confined Vapour Cloud Explosion & CVCE½A
l vu&dUQkbUM oikSj DykmM bDLIyks'ku ¼Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion & UVCE½A
2- FkeZy jsMh,s'ku% blesa ,d lzksr ls nwljs lzksr dks ghV dk VªkalQj gksrk gSA ;g ,d LVªDpj ;k ,d
O;fä gks ldrk gSA tc ghV xzg.k djus okyk ,d O;fä gksrk gS] rc blds ifj.kke xaHkhj gks ldrs gSaA
ghV ¼vkx½ ds lzksr ls lkeuk gksus ij 'kq#vkr esa Ropk xeZ gksrh gSA ysfdu tSls&tSls vo'kksf"kr gksus
okyh ÅtkZ dh ek=k c<+rh tkrh gS] ;g nnZukd gks tkrk gSA blds ckn] jsMh,s'ku ds LFkk;h Lrj ij
le; ds lkFk tyu dh xgjkbZ c<+rh tkrh gS vkSj nwljs Lrj dh tyu gksuh 'kq: gks tkrh gSA varr%]
Ropk dh lkjh eksVkbZ gh ty tkrh gS vkSj vanj ds ekal dks uqdlku igqapuk 'kq: gks tkrk gS] ftlls
rhljs Lrj dh tyu gks tkrh gSA
tc ikbiodZ vkSj oslYl lfgr ,d IykaV dk lkeuk FkeZy jsMh,s'ku ls gksrk gS] rks blls IykaV ds vanj
çksMDV dks ghV dk VªkalQj gksrk gSA blls çksMDV ds xq.kksa esa cnyko gks ldrs gSa vkSj og de LFkk;h
gks tkrk gSA bu xq.kksa esa nwljs cnykoksa ds lkFk çksMDV dk bDLiSUM ¼expand½ djuk vkSj@;k fudyus
okys ok"i dh ek=k dk c<+uk 'kkfey gSA blls dUVSUeUV esa deh gks ldrh gS] ftlls ,d oikSj DykmM
bDLIyks'ku] tsV Qk;j] iwy Qk;j ;k jfuax fyfDoM Qk;j gks ldrh gSA

bysDVªksLVSfVd pktZsl (Electrostatic charges)

tc Hkh ,d æo ,d Bksl pht ij pyrk gS] tSls fd ,d ikbi ds vanj] rks ;g LVSfVd bysfDVªdy pktZ mRiUu
djrk gSA ,slk] vk;uksa ¼pkTMZ ,sVEl½ ds æo ls ikbi ;k osly ds ljQsl dks VªkalQj gksus ds pyrs gksrk gSA
LVSfVd bysfDVªflVh fcYM&vi dk lcls lkekU; dkj.k gS] tc ,d çfØ;k ds vanj æo dk ¶yks ¼VªkalQj½ ;k
ewoesaV ¼fefDlax½ gksrk gSA
LVSfVd mRifÙk ¼generation½ dh ek=k vkSj nj dbZ dkjdksa ls çHkkfor gksrh gSaA bu dkjdksa] ;k mudh lekfIr
;k deh dks LVSfVd bysfDVªdy mRifÙk ds lkFk tqM+s tksf[keksa dks fu;af=r djus esa Hkh bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk
gSA buesa 'kkfey gSa:
l æo dh dUMfDVfoVhA
l æo esa gypy dh ek=kA
l æo vkSj nwljs ljQ+slksa ds chp ljQsl ,fj;k dk vkdkjA

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(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

l æo dh xfrA
l æo esa v'kqf);ksa dh mifLFkfrA

l okrkoj.kh; ifjfLFkfr;kaA tc gok 'kq"d gksrh gS] rks LVSfVd fcYM&vi c<+ tkrk gSA

vkb, çfØ;k ds vanj dqN ,sls lkekU; {ks= ns[krs gSa] tgka LVSfVd bysfDVªflVh gksus dh lcls T;knk laHkkouk
gksrh gSA lkFk gh] blds fu;a=.k ds dqN lkekU; mik; Hkh ns[krs gSaA
1- bYDVªksLVSfVd pktZsl & ikbfiax flLVEl% ge igys Hkh o.kZu dj pqds gSa fd ikbfiax flLVe ds vanj
dk cgko ,d LVSfVd pktZ mRiUu dj ldrk gSA gkykafd] dqN ,sls dkjd gksrs gSa tks mRiUu gksus okys
pktZsl dh ek=k dks çHkkfor dj ldrs gSaA buesa cgko dh nj vkSj æo dh xfr 'kkfey gksrs gSaA
blds fu;a=.k ds mik; gSa æo dh nj vkSj xfr dks de j[kukA ikbi dh fMesU'kal ¼ifjekiksa½ dks mlds
vanj cgus okys æo dh ek=k ds vuq:i leqfpr j[kdj vkSj ikbi dh yackbZ dks ;FkklaHko NksVk j[kdj
,slk gksuk lqfuf'pr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
2- bysDVªksLVSfVd pktZsl & fQfyax vkWijs'kal% fQfyax djus ds dkeksa esa æoksa ds cM+s cgko vkSj NhaVsa cuuk
'kkfey gksrs gSa] ftlls gypy iSnk gksrh gSA bl gypy ls æo cM+h ek=k esa osly ds ljQsl ls xqtjrs
gSa] ftlls ,d LVSfVd pktZ iSnk gksrk gSA ;fn æo fQfyax ds fy, igys gh ikbfiax ls gksdj xqtj pqdk
gS] rks blls igys ls gh mRiUu gq, pktZ esa c<+ksÙkjh gh gksxhA
blds fu;a=.k ds mik;ksa esa 'kkfey gSa:
l ;g lqfuf'pr djds fd fQfyax ds dkeksa ds nkSjku æo eqä :i ls ¼Ýh&Q‚y½ ugha fxjsaA blls iSnk
gksus okyh NhaVksa dh ek=k de gksrh gSA
l Hkjs tk jgs æo dh xfr dks de djdsA
l lqfuf'pr dhft, fd ikbi Hkjs tk jgs dUVSuj dh ryh dks Nw,A
l ,sls VSad] ftuesa de laogu ¼dUMfDVfoVh½ okys mRikn Hkjs tk jgs gSa] tSls tsV ¶;wy vkSj Mht+y]
mUgsa çfØ;k 'kq: djus ls igys 'kkar ¼jhySDl½ gksus dk le; fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
l mRikn ds lkFk Hkjs tk pqds VSadksa ds ikl ,d fuèkkZfjr le; ds fy, dksbZ ;wyst ¼oikSj Lisl½ ugha
gksuk pkfg,A lkFk gh] ,d fuèkkZfjr le; ds fy, mRikn dh dksbZ fMfiax ugha gksuh pkfg,A
3- bysDVªksLVSfVd pktZsl & fQYVªS'ku% fQYVlZ ds ikl viuh ç—fr ds vuq:i dkQh cM+k ljQsl ,fj;k
gksrk gSA fQYVªS'ku okys ikbfiax flLVe esa fcuk fQYVªS'ku okys ikbfiax flLVe ds eqdkcys 200 xquk
vfèkd bysDVªksLVSfVd pktZ iSnk gks ldrk gSA blds fu;a=.k ds mik;ksa esa vPNh ckfUMax vkSj xzkmafMax
O;oLFkk lqfuf'pr djuk 'kkfey gSA
4- bysDVªksLVSfVd pktZsl & nwljs fo"k;%
l ,sls æo] ftuesa dqN d.k gksrs gSa] muesa fcuk d.k okys æoksa ds eqdkcys LVSfVd pktZ iSnk djus dh
vfèkd laHkkouk gksrh gSA
l tc æo vkil esa feyk, tkrs gSa] rc Hkh LVSfVd iSnk gks ldrk gSA
l ,slh ikbfiax ; oslYl] tks ok"i dks bdëk gksus nsrs gSa] os fo'ks"k :i ls fparktud gksrs gSa] D;ksafd
LVSfVd bysfDVªflVh ds fMLpktZ ls iSnk gqbZ dksbZ Hkh fpaxkjh ikbi ds vanj foLQksV dj ldrh gSA
LVSfVd pktZ dks fu;af=r djus ds rjhds
;|fi] LVSfVd bysfDVªflVh mRiUu gksus dks iwjh rjg ls lekIr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS] ysfdu fuEufyf[kr
mik;ksa ds ekè;e ls blds iSnk gksus dh nj vkSj bldk bdëk gksus dks fu;af=r fd;k tk ldrk gS%

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1- LVSfVd pktZsl dks fu;af=r djus ds rjhds & ,sfMfVo ¼additive½% dqN ekeyksa esa LVSfVd pktZ cuus
dks de djus ds fy, ,aVh& LVSfVd ,sfMfVOl dk bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA
2- LVSfVd pktZsl dks fu;af=r djus ds rjhds & ckfUMax vkSj xzkmafMax% ckfUMax vkSj xzkmafMax rduhd
LVSfVd bysfDVªflVh ds fcYM& vi ls fpaxkfj;ksa ds cuus ds tksf[ke dks de djus dk ,d cgqr çHkkoh
mik; gSaA
,d ckfUMax flLVe esa ,d çkslsl flLVe ds vanj ds midj.k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa dks ,d lkFk tksM+k tkrk gSA
,slk ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS fd mu lHkh ds ikl leku bysfDVªdy iVsU'ky gksA bldk vFkZ
gS fd midj.k ds ,d Hkkx ls nwljs Hkkx rd ,d fpaxkjh ds ekè;e ls bysfDVªflVh ds fMLpktZ gksus dh dksbZ
laHkkouk ugha gSA
xzkmafMax esa midj.k ds Hkkxksa ¼tksfd ,d lkFk tksM+s tk ldrs gSa ;k ugha½ dks ,d vfFkZax i‚baV ls tksM+k tkrk
gSA ;g lqfuf'pr djrk gS fd midj.k esa dksbZ Hkh bysfDVªdy pktZ dks tehu esa tkus dk ,d ekè;e fn;k
tk,A blls lqfuf'pr gksrk gS fd bysfDVªflVh pktZ ds [krjukd fcYM& vi dh dksbZ laHkkouk ugha gS] ftlls
,d fpaxkjh ds ekè;e ls bysfDVªflVh dk vpkud ls dksbZ fMLpktZ gks ldrk gSA
,sls lHkh midj.k] tks Toyu'khy æo] xSl ;k ok"i dh çkslsflax ;k LVksfjax esa 'kkfey gksrs gSa] os c‚UMsM vkSj
xzkmaMsM fd, tkus pkfg,A
è;ku j[kus ;ksX; dqN vU; ckrsa%
l ç‚Cl ¼probes½] FkekZsehVlZ vkSj Lçs ukt+y tSls dqN lacafèkr lkeku ,oa midj.k] tksfd vkblksysVsM
gksrs gSa] ysfdu ,d LVSfVd LikdZ iSnk djus ds fy, i;kZIr :i ls pkTMZ gksrs gSa] mu ij fo'ks"k è;ku
nsus dh t:jr gks ldrh gSA
l c‚fUMax vkSj xzkmafMax ds fy, bLrseky gksus okys dscYl] gsoh MîwVh dscYl gksus pkfg,A blls ;g
lqfuf'pr gksrk gS fd os viuh xzkmafMax {kerk ls le>kSrk fd, fcuk VwV&QwV lgu dj ldrs gSAa lkFk
gh] ;g Hkh lqfuf'pr gksrk gS fd mudk bysfDVªdy jhft+LVUl ¼resistance½ ;FkklaHko de jgsA
l çkslsl midj.k dh dUMDVlZ ls c‚fUMax Mk;jsDV vkSj ikft+fVo gksuh pkfg,A

l ,d LVksjst osly ds ;wyst Lisl ¼ullage space½ esa ukbVªkstu tSlh ,d buVZ ¼vfØ;½ xSl dk
bLrseky djus ls ,d bysDVªksLVSfVd LikdZ gksus ij foLQksV ;k ¶yS'k Qk;j ls cpko gksxkA buVZ
xSl ;wyst Lisl esa mifLFkr xSl esa ls v‚Dlhtu dh ek=k de dj nsrh gSA blls ;g lqfuf'pr
gksrk gS fd tyus dh çfØ;k ds fy, vi;kZIr v‚Dlhtu miyCèk jgs ¼v‚Dlhtu vfXu f=Hkqt dk
Hkkx gksrh gS½A
l v‚ijsVlZ dks ,aVh&LVSfVd diM+s iguus pkfg,A

çToyu lzksrksa dh igpku

1- vkx ds [krjs] tksf[ke vkSj fu;a=.k% rsy vkSj xSl m|ksx esa vkx vkSj@;k foLQksV dh rhozrk ds cgqr
xaHkhj gksus dh iwjh laHkkouk gksrh gSA blesa laHkor% thou dks uqdlku gksuk] IykaV dks xaHkhj uqdlku
igqapuk ;k u"V gksuk vkSj LFkkuh; leqnk;ksa ij xaHkhj vlj gksuk 'kkfey gSaA urhtru] fdlh Hkh çdkj
dh vkx ;k foLQksV vLohdk;Z gSa vkSj bu ?kVukvksa dks gksus ls jksdus ds fy, i;kZIr fu;a=.k ekStwn gksus
pkfg,A
lcls igys] fdlh Hkh çkslsl ls gksdj xqtjus okyk dksbZ Hkh mRikn dUVSUM ¼contained½ ;k fu;a=.k
esa jguk pkfg,A lkèkkj.k 'kCnksa esa bldk eryc gksrk gS fd mRikn dk dksbZ Hkh fjlko ¼yhd½ iwjh rjg
ls vLohdk;Z gSA ysfdu] ;fn fjlko gks Hkh tkrk gS] rks mls fMVsDV djus vkSj fu;af=r djus ds fy,
vkSj@;k blds fdlh Hkh nq"ifj.kke ls fucVus ds fy, i;kZIr flLVEl ekStwn gksus pkfg,A

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(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

nwljk] ,slh txgksa] tgka ij mRikn dks çkslsl fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ogka mRikn ds ckgj fudyus ¼,Ldsi½
djus dh laHkkouk gS] ogka ls çToyu ds lHkh lzksr ;FkklaHko iwjh rjg ls gVk nsus pkfg,A
tc ,slh txgksa ij ,d çToyu lzksr dks ykuk t:jh gksrk gS] tSls fd g‚V odZ ds tfj, eSUV~uUl
¼maintenance½ djuk] rks tksf[keksa dh igpku ,oa ewY;kadu ds fy, rFkk ,d ifeZV&Vw&odZ O;oLFkk
dks ykus ds fy, tksf[keksa dk leqfpr ewY;kadu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bu mik;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk çkslsflax
dks vLFkk;h :i ls can djuk vkSj vfXu'keu ;a= dks ogka ij j[kuk tSls nwljs leqfpr fu;a=.k mik;
Hkh rS;kj j[kus pkfg,A
2- çToyu lzksr dh igpku djuk% ge çToyu ds mu laHkkfor lzksrksa ij Hkh ppkZ djsaxs] ftu ij ,d
tksf[ke ewY;kadu djrs le; è;ku nsus dh vko';drk gSA
l èkweziku vkSj èkweziku lkexzh% èkweziku djus vkSj fu;af=r {ks= esa èkweziku lkexzh dks ys tkus ij iwjs
çfrcaèk dk l[rh ls ikyu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
l okgu% okgu iwjh rjg ls çfrcafèkr gksus pkfg, ;k flQZ fo'ks"k bLrseky ds fy, t:jh okguksa dks
gh ogka tkus dh vuqefr gksuh pkfg,A
l osfYMax] xzkbfUMax] cfuZax tSls gkWV odZ% ifeZV&Vw&odZ O;oLFkk dks ykxw dhft,A
l bysfDVªdy midj.k% ftl t+ksu esa midj.k bLrseky fd;k tkuk gS] og mlds fy, mi;qä gksuk
pkfg,A mldk leqfpr ,oa fu;fer rjhds ls fujh{k.k fd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj og eSUVSu fd;k gksuk
pkfg,A
l tujsVlZ] dEçsllZ tSlh e'khusaA
l çkslsl ;k LFkkuh; ekSle ¼xeZ e#LFky½ ls xeZ gksus okys xeZ ljQslA
l MªkbvlZ ¼dryers½ vkSj QuZl ¼furnace½ tSls xeZ çkslsl midj.kA
l ik;yV ykbV tSlh ¶ySElA
l Lisl ghfVax midj.kA
l ykbV~l vkSj fLopksa ls fpaxkfj;ka% flQZ t+ksu ds fy, DykflQkbM ¼classified½ bysfDVªdy midj.k
,oa ;a= gh bLrseky djsaA
l bEiSDV LikDlZA
l bysfDVªdy midj.k ls fNVdk gqvk djaV% lqfuf'pr djsa fd lHkh midj.k c‚UMsM vkSj vFMZ fd,
gq, gSaA
l bysDVªksLVSfVd fMLpktZ LikDlZ% lHkh IykaV~l vkSj midj.kksa dks c‚UM ,oa xzkmaM dhft,A
l bysDVªkseSXusfVd jsMh,s'ku% vfèkd rhozrk ds bysDVªkseSXusfVd lzksrksa ls cpko ds fy, midj.kksa dk
lgh p;u dhft,A tSls& Qkbcj vkfIVDl flLVEl dks ikoj buiqV ij fu;a=.k] gkbZ bUVsfUlVh
ysllZ ;k baÝk&jsM jsMh,s'ku ds lzksrksa ds bLrseky ls cpukA
l ykbfV~uax ¼fctyh fxjuk½% fctyh fxjus ij fu;a=.k ds mik;ksa ij ge bl lsD'ku esa igys Hkh
ppkZ dj pqds gSaA chtyh fxjus dh laHkkouk dks de djus ds mik; miyCèk gksus pkfg,A lkFk gh]
bULVyS'ku ¼installation½ dks çHkkfor djus okys fdlh Hkh pktZ dks fMLpktZ djus ds fy, xzkmafMax
flLVe gksuk pkfg,A ekSle tfur ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk Hkh è;ku j[kuk pkfg, ¼tSls fctyh rwQ+kuksa ds
nkSjku dke ugha djuk½A
fu;a=.k ds nwljs mik;:
l VSadj yksfMax@vuyksfMax tSls lfojke ¼bUVfeZVUV½ [krjukd {ks= cukus okyh xfrfofèk;ksa ij fu;a=.kA

l fpaxkjh ;k yiV iSnk djus okyh j[k&j[kko xfrfofèk;ksa ij ,d ifeZV&Vw&odZ flLVe ds tfj, fu;a=.kA

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l ikbjQ‚fjd Ldsy ¼pyrophoric scale½ ls tksf[ke dks fu;af=r djus ds fy, iwoZ&lkoèkkfu;kaA blesa
,d inkFkZ gok esa Lor% gh Toyu iSnk dj ldrk gS] fo'ks"k rkSj ij ue gok esa] vkSj ;g vkerkSj ij
Qsjl lYQkbM+ cuus ls tqM+k gksrk gSA
l Leksd vkSj ¶ySe fMVsDVlZ tSls egRoiw.kZ fu;a=.k vkSj@;k fMVsD'ku midj.kksa ds leqfpr cSd&vi ;k
lsdUMsjh flLVe miyCèk gksus pkfg,A

;s lHkh fu;a=.k mik; eq[; fu;a=.k vkSj bZetZUlh 'kVMkmu flLVEl] Qk;j MsY;wt flLVEl]
fLçaxdyj flLVEl tSls Qk;j&QkbfVax flLVEl ds fy, lgk;d flLVe gksrs gSaA
xSlsa vkSj ok"i foLQksVd okrkoj.k mRiUu dj ldrs gSaA urhtru] os {ks=] tgka laHkkfor [krjukd ok;q tfur
inkFkZ mifLFkr gksrs gSa] mUgsa [krjukd {ks= ds :i esa oxÊ—r fd;k tkrk gS] rkfd leqfpr fu;a=.k dks ykxw
fd;k tk ldsA
;s inkFkZ dc&dc mRiUu gksrs gSa] ;g Hkh buds leqfpr Lrj ds fu;a=.k dks çHkkfor djrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,]
;fn ,d Toyu'khy ok"i rhu eghuksa esa flQZ ,d ckj gh iSnk gksrh gS] rks mlds mRiUu gksus okyh txgksa ij
gj fnu vkSj gj le; vfèkdre Lrj dk fu;a=.k ykxw djus dk dksbZ vFkZ ugha gksxkA
bl leL;k dk lgh gy gS vyx&vyx txgksa dk oxÊdj.k] ftls t+ksfuax Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;g t+ksfuax ,d
txg ij ekStwn tksf[keksa dks n'kkZrh gSA blesa midj.k ij ml txg ij bLrseky gksus okys midj.kksa ds çdkj
ds vuq:i leqfpr fu;a=.k ykxw fd, tkrs gSaA ;s midj.k] fo'ks"k rkSj ij bysfDVªdy midj.k] çToyu ds
,d lzksr mRiUu dj ldrs gSaA
t+ksfuax] ,d fuf'pr le; ds nkSjku foLQksVd okrkoj.k dh ek=k ,oa mldh ÝhDoUlh ¼frequency½ vkSj ,d
çToyu lzksr ds ,sfDVo gksus ds le; ,d foLQksVd okrkoj.k ds mRiUu gksus dh laHkkouk ls fuèkkZfjr gksrh gSA
;s lHkh ekunaM ,d dfBu tksf[ke ewY;kadu ds ekè;e ls fuèkkZfjr fd, tkrs gSaA
1- t+ksfuax% ,d ,slh txg] tgka ij ,d foLQksVd okrkoj.k mRiUu gksuh dh bruh laHkkouk gks fd ogka
ij vkx ;k [krjs ds tksf[ke dks Lohdk;Z Lrj rd de djus ds fy, fo'ks"k iwoZ&lkoèkkfu;ka ysuh iM+sa]
mls ,d ^[krjukd txg* dgrs gSaA
,d ,slh txg] tgka ij ,d foLQksVd okrkoj.k mRiUu gksus dh bruh de laHkkouk gks fd ogka ij
vkx ;k [krjs ds tksf[ke dks Lohdk;Z Lrj rd de djus ds fy, fo'ks"k iwoZ&lkoèkkfu;ka ugha ysuh iM+sa]
mls ,d ^xSj&[krjukd txg* ¼non& hazardous place½ dgrs gSaA
bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ^fo'ks"k iwoZ&lkoèkkfu;ksa* dk vFkZ gS ,d [krjukd LFkku ds :i esa fpfUgr dh xbZ
txg ij çToyu ds lzksrksa dks fu;af=r djus ds mik; ykxw djukA
dkSu ls LFkku [krjukd gSa] vkSj fdl Lrj rd] bls fuèkkZfjr djus dh çfØ;k dks ^[krjukd {ks=
oxÊdj.k vè;;u* ¼hazardous area classification study½ dgrs gSaA [krjukd {ks= oxÊdj.k
vè;;u ,d txg ij foLQksVd okrkoj.k mRiUu gksus dh laHkkouk vkSj ÝhDoUlh ds fo'ys"k.k dk rjhdk
gksrk gSA bldk eq[; mís'; ,sls ;a=] midj.k ,oa vkStkjksa ds leqfpr p;u ,oa bLrseky esa enn djuk
gksrk gS] ftudk ,d foLQksVd okrkoj.k ekStwn gksus ds ckn Hkh lqjf{kr rjhds ls bLrseky fd;k tk
ldsA
[krjukd {ks= oxÊdj.k vè;;u esa fuEu ckrksa ij i;kZIr è;ku nsuk 'kkfey gksrk gS%
l Toyu'khy lkexzh] tks mifLFkr gks ldrh gSA
l çR;sd Toyu'khy lkexzh ds HkkSfrd xq.k ,oa fo'ks"krk,aA

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l iVsU'ky fjyht ds lzksr vkSj dSls os foLQksVd okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k dj ldrs gSaA
l çpfyr ¼prevailing½ v‚ijsfVax rkieku vkSj nckoA

l osafVys'ku ¼—f=e vkSj çk—frd½ dh mifLFkfr] Lrj vkSj miyCèkrkA

l fjyht gqbZ ok"i dk Toyu'khy Lrj ls uhps fc[kjko ¼dispersion½A

l ok"i fjyht gksus ds gj flusjhvks ¼scenario½ dh laHkkoukA

bu ekinaMksa ij è;ku nsus ls ^[krjukd* ds :i esa fpfUgr fd, x, gj {ks= ds t+ksu DykflfQds'ku esa
vkSj gj t+ksu dh HkkSxksfyd lhek ds fuèkkZj.k esa enn feysxhA bl dke ds ifj.kkvksa dks [krjukd {ks=
oxÊdj.k MsVk 'khV~l esa fyf[kr :i ls ntZ fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;s 'khV~l leqfpr jsÝUl Mª‚baXl ls
liksVZ dh tkuh pkfg,] tksfd fofHkUu IykaV vkbVEl ds pkjksa vksj t+ksu dh lhek dks n'kkZ,axhA
[krjukd {ks=ksa dk t+ksUl ¼zones½ esa oxÊdj.k nks dkjdksa ds ewY;kadu ij fd;k tkrk gS%
A) ,d foLQksVd xSl okrkoj.k ds mRiUu gksus dh ÝhDoUlh
B) ,d foLQksVd xSl okrkoj.k dh vofèkA
;s nksuksa dkjd feydj ml fu.kZ; çfØ;k esa enn djsaxs] tksfd ;g fuèkkZfjr djsxh fd fdl {ks=
ij dkSu lk t+ksu ykxw gksxkA
l t+ksu 0% ,slk {ks=] ftlesa ,d foLQksVd xSl okrkoj.k yxkrkj ;k yacs le; ds fy, mifLFkr
jgrk gSA
l t+ksu 1% og {ks=] ftlesa lkekU; dke&dkt ds nkSjku foLQksVd xSl okrkoj.k ds mRiUu gksus
dh laHkkouk gSA
l t+ksu 2% og {ks=] ftlesa lkekU; dke&dkt ds nkSjku foLQksVd xSl okrkoj.k ds ugha mRiUu gksus
dh laHkkouk gSA ;fn og mRiUu gksrk Hkh gS] rks og flQZ ,d FkksM+s le; ds fy, gh mifLFkr
jgrk gSA
t+ksu dh ifjHkk"kkvksa esa flQZ foLQksVd okrkoj.k mifLFkr gksus dh ÝhDoUlh vkSj vofèk dks è;ku
j[kk tkrk gS] ,d foLQksV ds ifj.kkeksa dks ughaA blfy, ,d foLQksV ds xaHkhj ifj.kkeksa ds pyrs
tgka t:jr gks] ogka ,d {ks= esa bLrseky ds fy, fufnZ"V ¼specified½ fdlh midj.k dks Åij ds
ysoy rd vixzsM fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl fodYi dks viukuk fo'ys"k.k djus okyh Vhe ds foosd
ij fuHkZj djsxkA
2- midj.k dk p;u% t+ksfuax djus dk iwjk fopkj ;g fuèkkZj.k djrk gS] fd fdlh t+ksu fo'ks"k esa dkSu&dkSu
ls vkStkj] ;a= vkSj midj.k yxk, ;k bLrseky fd, tkus gSaA bysfDVªy midj.kksa ds lkFk ijs'kkuh ;g
gS fd ;s] ;k rks cz'kksa ds ds jksVsfVax vkeZpj ¼rotating armature½ ds laidZ esa vkus ls] ;k ,d fLop
ds lfØ; gksus ij vkerkSj ij fpaxkfj;ka iSnk djrs gSaA buesa ls dksbZ Hkh ?kVuk midj.k ds vkl&ikl
ds okrkoj.k esa ekStwn fdlh Toyu'khy xSl dks HkM+dk ldrh gSA
urhtru] fuekZrkvksa us ,sls fo'ks"k midj.k cuk, gSa] tks LFkkuh; okrkoj.k ds laidZ esa vkus okyh
fpaxkfj;ksa dh leL;k ls vyx&vyx rjhdksa ds ekè;e ls NqVdkjk fnykrs gSaA midj.k ds gj Hkkx esa
'kkfey fd, tkus okys gj fo'ks"k lekèkku dks ,d dksM fn;k tkrk gS] tksfd midj.k ds mRikn igpku
yscy ij ekdZ fd;k gksrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ^d* ,sls midj.kksa dks n'kkZrk gS] ftlesa ,d ¶ySe&çwQ
bUDyks'kj ¼flame&proof enclosure½ esa eksVj vkSj fLop gksrs gSaA blh rjg ls ^q* ikmMj fQYM
dks n'kkZrk gSA ;s nksuksa midj.k t+ksu 1 vkSj 2 esa bLrseky ds fy, lqjf{kr gksrs gSaA

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t+ksUM {ks=ksa esa midj.kksa vkSj vkStkjksa dk oxÊdj.k

t+ksu 0 t+ksu 1 t+ksu 3

,d ,slk {ks=] ftlesa ,d foLQksVd og {ks=] ftlesa lkekU; dke&dkt og {ks=] ftlesa lkekU; dke&dkt
xSl okrkoj.k yxkrkj ;k yacs ds nkSjku foLQksVd xSl okrkoj.k ds nkSjku foLQksVd xSl okrkoj.k
le; ds fy, mifLFkr gSA mRiUu gksus dh laHkkouk gSA ds ugha mRiUu gksus dh laHkkouk gSA
;fn og mRiUu gksrk Hkh gS] rks og
flQZ ,d FkksM+s le; ds fy, gh
mifLFkr jgrk gSA
dSVsxjh 1 midj.k dSVsxjh 2 midj.k uksV% ;g midj.k t+ksu 3 esa Hkh
uksV% ;|fi midj.k dks t+ksu 0 uksV% ;|fi midj.k dks t+ksu 1 bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA
esa bLrseky ds fy, oxÊ—r fd;k esa bLrseky ds fy, oxÊ—r fd;k
x;k gS] ;g t+ksu 1 vkSj t+ksu 2 esa x;k gS] ;g t+ksu 2 esa Hkh bLrseky
Hkh bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA fd;k tk ldrk gSA
1a – vkarfjd ¼Intrinsically½ ‘d‘ ¶ySe&çwQ bUDyks'kj (Flame- bysfDVªdy Vkbi ‘n’
:i ls lqjf{kr proof enclosure)
Ez s & ;fn t+ksu 0 ds fy, fo'ks"k ‘p’ çs'kjkbTM (Pressurized)
:i ls çekf.kr fd;k x;k gS] rks ‘q’ ikoj fQYM (Power filled)
fo'ks"k lqj{kk ‘o’ - v‚by be'kZu (Oil Immersion)
‘e’ - vkarfjd (Intrinsically safe)
:i ls lqjf{kr
‘m’ - ,UdSIlysV (Encapsulated)
‘s’ - fo'ks"k lqj{kk (Special
protection)
rkfydk% 3-1-1 ;a=ksa vkSj midj.kksa dk oxÊdj.k

t+ksUM {ks=ksa esa ;a=ksa vkSj midj.kksa dk rkieku oxÊdj.k

rkieku vfèkdre ljQsl rkieku lkeku bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk
gS] tksfd uhps fn, x, rkiekuksa ds
uhps Lor% çTofyr ugha djsaxs
T1 450 0C 450 0C
T2 300 0C 300 0C
T3 200 0C 200 0C
T4 100 0C 100 0C
T5 85 0C 85 0C
rkfydk% 3-1-2 t+ksUM {ks=ksa esa ;a=ksa vkSj midj.kksa dk rkieku oxÊdj.k

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3-1-3 vkikrdkyhu fudklh ç.kkfy;ka

vkikrdkyhu fudklh ds rjhds ls tqM+s fu.kZ; fcfYMax dks fMtkbu djrs le; fy, tkrs gSa vkSj ;g çLrkfor
mís'; lewg ,oa fcfYMax ds vkdkj ij vkèkkfjr gksrs gSaA ,d ckj tc yksx fcfYMax ds vanj vk tkrs gSa] rks foLr`r
vkikrdkyhu fudklh ç.kkfy;ka cuk;k tkuk t:jh gks tkrk gS] tksfd ,d fcfYMax dh fMtkbu fo'ks"krkvksa ,oa
fQDLV bULVyS'ku ¼fixed installation½ dks è;ku esa j[kdj cukbZ tkrh gSaA
vkikrdkyhu ç.kkfy;ka cukrs le; ftEesnkj O;fä dks bu ckrksa ij è;ku nsuk pkfg,:
l fcfYMax ds vanj ds yksxksa dh fo'ks"krk,a] fcfYMax ds vanj mudh çofÙk ¼disposition½ vkSj mudh
'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld fLFkfrA
l fcfYMax dh vkdkj] bLrseky vkSj fuekZ.k lacaèkh fo'ks"krk,aA

l fcfYMax esa fudklh ekè;e lacaèkh HkkSfrd O;oLFkk,aA

l og ifjfLFkfr;ka] ftuesa fudklh djuk vfuok;Z gksxkA

l vkx ls fucVus ds D;k bart+ke gSaA

l fdl çdkj dh fudklh leqfpr gksxh] tSls pj.kc) ;k iwjhA

l fudklh dSls 'kq: dh tk,xhA

l vfXu'keu lsok dks cqykus ds fy, fdu O;oLFkkvksa dh vko';drk gSA

l ç.kkyh dks lg;ksx nsus ds fy, dkSu lh fo'ks"k Hkwfedkvksa dh vko';drk gS] tSls Qk;j okMZu vkSj vfXu
nq?kZVuk fu;a=dA
l ç.kkyh dks lg;ksx nsus ds fy, fdu lwpukvksa] fn'kk&funZs'kksa vkSj çf'k{k.k dh vko';drk gSA

buesa ls vfèkdrj tkudkjh vfXu tksf[ke vkadyu çnku djsxkA lkFk gh] ;g ,d fcfYMax ds vanj ds yksxksa
dks ,d lqjf{kr LFkku ij igqapus esa yxus okys le; dk Hkh ladsr nsxkA vfèkdrj ekeyksa esa ,d fcfYMax dh
iwjh fudklh 2-5&3 feuV ds vanj iwjh dj yh tkuh pkfg,A pj.kc)@Øec) fudklh djus dh fLFkfr esa ;g
le; c<+ tk,xkA

ç.kkyh
ç.kkyh esa 'kkfey gksuk pkfg,%
l ,d vkx dk irk yxus ;k èkq,a dh xaèk vkus ij D;k fd;k tk,A
l vykeZ lquus ij D;k fd;k tk,A

l LVkQ dh Hkwfedk vkSj mÙkjnkf;Ro] tSls fnO;kax fuokfl;ksa dks enn djukA

l vfXu lsok dks cqykus dh O;oLFkk,aA

l le; dSls cpk,a] tSls O;fäxr lkeku dks ihNs NksM+ukA

l fudklh djds dgka tk,aA

l dksbZ fo'ks"k iwoZ&lkoèkkfu;ka] ftUgsa ysus dh vko';drk iM+ ldrh gSA

Li"V ,oa laf{kIr O;oLFkk,a n'kkZbZ tkuh pkfg,( muesa dqN vfrfjä tkudkjh Hkh tksM+h tk ldrh gSa] tSls gksVyksa
esa fudklh ekxZ ;kstuk,a vkSj ykblsal okys HkouA

n{k LVkQ
vkx yxus ij yksxksa dh lqjf{kr fudklh lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, dsoy fcfYMax ds fMtkbu vkSj fudklh ds
i;kZIr lkèku] Qk;j vykeZ] bZetZUlh ykbfVax vkfn ds gksus ij fuHkZj jguk laHko ugha gSA NksVs ls NksVs lfgr

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lHkh dk;ZLFkyksa ds fy, t:jh gS fd muds ikl ,slk LVkQ gks] tks vkikrdkyhu fudklh esa enn djus ds fy,
i;kZIr :i ls çf'kf{kr gksA [kklrkSj ij] ,d fcfYMax ds vanj vkSj ckgj dh txgksa ij vfXu lqj{kk ds fy,
ftEesnkj yksxksa dks Qk;j okMZUl@ek'kZYl] HkhM+ lqj{kk çcaèkd] Qk;j vykeZ çek.kd vkSj vfXu nq?kZVuk fu;a=dksa
dh O;oLFkk ds ckjs esa fopkj djus dh vko';drk gksxhA

vkikrdkyhu fudklh ç.kkfy;ksa esa vfXu lqj{kk VsfDu'ku dh Hkwfedk

;g le>uk csgn t:jh gS fd vfXu lqj{kk VsfDu'ku vkx ds nkSjku yksxksa dh lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus esa ;ksxnku
nsrs gSaA igys] mudh ,d vxz&lfØ; ¼proactive½ Hkwfedk gksrh gS] ftlds rgr mUgsa dqN nkf;Roksa dk fuoZgu
djds vfXu lqj{kk ds ekStwnk çcaèku esa lg;ksx djus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA tSls%
l dke djrs le; ,d pkyw ¼ongoing½ vfXu tksf[ke ewY;kadu djukA
l vkx ds [krjksa dh igpku djuk vkSj mUgsa lekIr djuk ;k mUgsa çcaèku dks fjiksVZ djuk] mnkgj.k ds
fy,%
o vkxtuh ds tksf[ke dks de djus ds fy, dk;Zokgh djukA
o lqfuf'pr djuk fd Toyu'khy æo lgh ls LVksj vkSj bLrseky fd, tkrs gSaA
o lqfuf'pr djuk fd çToyu ds lzksr lhfer ;k fu;af=r gSa ¼mnkgj.k ds fy,] fdlh g‚V odZ ds
fy, t:jh ifeZV Vw odZ dh tkap djuk½A
o dk;ZLFky ij èkweziku dh fuxjkuh djukA
o Toyu'khy LVksjst vkSj dpjs ds bdëk gksus dh fuxjkuh djukA
l vfXu lqj{kk mik;ksa dh fuxjkuh djuk] mnkgj.k ds fy,%
o lqfuf'pr djuk fd vfXu njokts vPNh fLFkfr esa gSa vkSj t:jr ds eqrkfcd y‚d ;k can gSaA
o lqfuf'pr djuk fd vfXu lqj{kk midj.k lgh voLFkk ,oa vPNh fLFkfr esa gSa vkSj VsLV fd, gq, gSaA
o lqfuf'pr djuk fd d‚fjMksj vkSj Qkbuy ,fXtV njoktksa lfgr ckgj fudyus ds lHkh ekè;e fdlh
Hkh O;oèkku ls eqä gSa] [kklrkSj ij Toyu'khy lkexzh lsA
o lqfuf'pr djuk fd vkikrdkyhu fudklh miyCèk djkus okys lHkh njokts Li"V :i ls fpfUgr
fd, gq, gSa vkSj tSlk mUgsa dke djuk pkfg,] ,slk os dj jgs gSaA
l ;g tkuuk fd ,d vkx yxus ij D;k dk;Zokgh dh tkuh gSA
l t:jr iM+us ij vkx ls fucVus esa çf'kf{kr gksukA
l vkx yxus dh ,d ?kVuk ds nkSjku yksxksa dh iw.kZ vkSj lqjf{kr fudklh esa lgk;rk nsus esa n{k gksukA
ysfdu ,d Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku dh vkikrdkyhu Hkwfedk esa ;s phtsa 'kkfey gksuh pkfg,%
l [krjs dh psrkouh nsuk vkukA
l vfXu'keu lsokvksa dks cqykus dk rjhdk vkukA
l dk;ZLFky ij] ftl txg ds fy, og mÙkjnk;h gSa] ogka miyCèk ckgj fudyus ds ekè;eksa ds ckjs esa
tkuukA
l ;fn vfXu'keu midj.k dk bLrseky djuk lqjf{kr gS] rks muds bLrseky ds fy, rS;kj jguk vkSj
çf'kf{kr jgukA

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l ,slk djds yksxksa dh fudklh esa enn djuk%

o vklkuh ls igpkus tkus ds fy, ,d gkbZ fot+fcfyVh tSdsV ;k osLVdksV iguukA
o O;fäxr >yd ¼peeps½ ds vuqlkj fnO;kax LVkQ lnL;ksa dh lgk;rk djukA
o okd&bu dcMZ ¼vyekfj;ksa½] IykaV :El vkSj 'kkSpky;ksa lfgr lHkh dejksa dh ,d Rofjr] ysfdu
foLr`r tkap djuk ;k mudks Lohi ¼sweep½ djukA
o lqfuf'pr djuk fd Å"ek mRiUu djus okyk midj.k can dj fn;k x;k gSA
o ;fn laHko gks] rks njoktksa vkSj f[kM+fd;ksa dks can djukA
o vfXu nq?kZVuk fu;a=d dks muds nkf;Ro okys {ks= ds vanj ifjfLFkfr dks fjiksVZ djukA
o ,d jksy d‚y ¼gkftjh½ ysukA
o tc vfXu lsok ;g lqfuf'pr dj ns fd dk;ZLFky okil ykSVus ds fy, lqjf{kr gS] rks yksxksa dks
ogka tkus esa mudh enn djukA

fMªYl] fudklh vkSj jksy&dkWYl ¼gkftjh ysuk½ dk mís';

,slk dksbZ 'kksèk ugha gS] tks ;g crk, fd ,d Qk;j ,fXtV ladsr vkx yxus dh fLFkfr esa yksxksa dks ml ladsr
dh vksj tkus ds fy, çsfjr djrk gS] c'krZs og :V yksxksa ds fy, tkuk&igpkuk ugha gksA fcfYMax ds vanj ds
yksx fof'k"V Qk;j ,fXtV :V dks utjankt djds tkus&igpkus :V dk p;u dj ldrs gSaA ;g dkQh gn
rd laHko gS fd yksx vDlj utnhd ds vifjfpr ,fXtV ds eqdkcys nwj fLFkr tkus&igpkus :V dk bLrseky
djus ds çfr vfèkd >qdko j[ksaxsA blfy,] ;g t:jh gS fd vkikrdky ds nkSjku ;fn yksxksa dks ,d ,fXtV
dk bLrseky djuk gS] rks os mlls ifjfpr gksus pkfg,A
,d fudklh ç.kkyh dk vH;kl djus dk mís'; ;g lqfuf'pr djuk gS fd ;g ç.kkyh i;kZIr :i ls dke djs]
ç.kkyh esa fof'k"V Hkwfedk j[kus okys yksx viuh Hkwfedkvksa ds çfr tkx:d ,oa muesa n{k gksa vkSj os lHkh ikfVZ;ksa
dks ;g n'kkZus esa l{ke gksa fd vkx yxus dh fLFkfr esa lqj{kk dk ,d ;Fkksfpr Lrj gkfly dj fy;k x;k gSA
,d vfXu fudklh ç.kkyh dk mís'; gS vPNs fudklh O;ogkj dk ikyu djuk] rkfd vkx ds çHkkoksa dk lkeuk
djrs le; yksx xaHkhj LokLF; [krjksa dk vuqHko uk djsa ;k mu ij budk vlj uk gksA

iq"V djuk fd fcfYMax Dyh;j ¼[kkyh½ gS

,d fcfYMax esa vkx yxus ij vfXu lsok dks nwljh ckrksa ds vfrfjä ;g Hkh tkuus dh vko';drk gksxh fd
fcfYMax ds vanj vHkh yksx cps gSa ;k ughaA vfXu lsok dks fcfYMax esa yksxksa ls tqM+h fLFkfr ds ckjs esa Li"V
tkudkjh nsuk vko';d gSA ;fn ?kVukLFky ij ekStwn vfXu lsok vfèkdkjh dks ;g lansg gS fd fcfYMax ds
vanj yksx ekStwn gSa ;k ugha] rks mudh igyh çkFkfedrk vanj ds yksxksa dks ckgj fudkyuk gks tkrh gSA blls
vfXu'kked [kkst ,oa cpko dk;Z esa O;Lr gks tkrs gSa vkSj muds }kjk vkx yxus dh eq[; txg ij vVSd djus
esa laHkor% nsj gks tkrh gSA
vfXu lsok dks fjiksVZ djrs le; vkRefoÜoklh gksus ds fy,] vfXu nq?kZVuk fu;a=d dks ;g tkuus dh vko';drk
iM+sxh fd gj O;fä fcfYMax ls ckgj fudy x;k gS] ;k yksx vHkh Hkh fcfYMax ds vanj gSa vkSj muds fcfYMax ds
vanj dgka feyus dh laHkkouk gSA bl lacaèk esa vfXu nq?kZVuk fu;a=d ^Lohi* ¼sweep½ vkSj ^jksy&d‚y* uke ds
nks rjhdksa dk bLrseky djrs gSaA
1- Lohi% Lohi rduhd esa ,d fcfYMax ;k ,d Qk;j okMZu@ek'kZy ds mÙkjnkf;Ro okys {ks= ds vanj
lHkh txgksa dh O;ofLFkr vkSj Øec) tkap djuk gksrk gSA fdlh {ks= dk ,d ^Lohi* djrs le;] ;g
lqfuf'pr djuk t:jh gS fd ,slh lHkh txg] tgka yksx gks ldrs gSa] muesa Lohi fd;k tk,A

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buesa] ,sls dksbZ Hkh IykaV :e tgka 'kk;n Bsdsnkj dke jgs gksa] dksbZ okd&bu dcMZ ¼walk&in cupboards½
;k LVksj&:e vkSj dksbZ V‚;ysV ;k foJke lqfoèkk,a 'kkfey gksrh gSaA fdlh {ks= dk Lohi djrs le;
Qk;j okMZu@ek'kZy dks fcuk nsjh fd, ;g Hkh lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg, fd tgka Hkh laHko gks] ogka ds
njokts vkSj f[kM+fd;ka can gSa] ghV iSnk djus okyk dksbZ midj.k can gS vkSj vkx ds fdlh Hkh ladsr
dks uksV dj fy;k x;k gS vkSj] ;fn mfpr gks] rks mlls fucVsaA
;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, fd ,d vkikrdkyhu fudklh ds le; fcfYMax dk ,d çHkkoh Lohi dj
fy;k x;k gS] vfXu lqj{kk çcaèkd ;k vfXu nq?kZVuk fu;a=d ds fy, t:jh gS fd os vyx&vyx okMZuksa@
ek'kZyksa dks fcfYMax ds vyx&vyx {ks= vkoafVr djsaA cgqeaftyk dk;kZy;ksa ds lacaèk esa ,slk vDlj gj
eafty ds fy, 2 ls 3 Qk;j okMZu ukfer djds fd;k tkrk gS] tcfd ,d vksiu Iyku QSDVjh ds ekeys
esa mRiknu {ks=ksa dks Qk;j okMZu vkoafVr fd, tk ldrs gSaA
Qk;j okMZuksa }kjk Lohi fd, tkus ds fy, ,d fcfYMax ds foHkktu dh ;kstuk cukrs le; ;g è;ku
j[kuk t:jh gS fd ,d O;fä }kjk Lohi fd;k tkus okyk {ks= bruk cM+k ,oa bl ç—fr dk gks fd ogka
Lohi fd;k tk lds vkSj vykeZ ctus ds 2½ ls 3 feuV ds chp okMZu mls [kkyh djk ldsaA
2- jksy&dkWy% txg dk Lohi djus ds vfrfjä] vDlj ,slk gksrk gS fd Qk;j vlsacyh i‚baV ij fdlh
çdkj dk jksy&d‚y fy;k tk,A jksy&d‚y dk Lrj vkSj mldh ç—fr vfXu tksf[ke ewY;kadu ls
fuèkkZfjr gksaxs vkSj ;g uhps fn, x, dkjdksa ij fuHkZj djsxk
l dk;Zcy dk vkdkj vkSj ç—frA
l foft+VlZ] tks laHkor% fcfYMax esa mifLFkr gksa] mudh la[;k vkSj ço`frA
l fcfYMax esa mifLFkr yksxksa dk lVhd jksy&d‚y j[kus ds fy, vko';d lalkèkuA

3-1-4 vfXu'kked PPEs

Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'kal dks bUVhjhvj LVªDpjy Qk;jQkbfVax lçs'ku ¼interior structural fire suppression½
nkf;Roksa dks fuHkkrs le; bLrseky ds fy, LVªDpjy Qk;jQkbfVax çksVsfDVo xkeZsaV~l ¼structural firefighting
protective garments½ miyCèk djk, tkus pkfg,A viuk dke djus ds nkSjku mudk lkeuk fofHkUu [krjksa
ls gksrk gS vkSj mUgsa mfpr O;fäxr lqj{kk midj.kksa ¼personal protective equipment & PPE½ dh
vko';drk iM+rh gSA

fu;ksäk ¼employer½ }kjk mBk, tkus okys dne

fu;ksäk dks djuk pkfg,%
l dqN fo'ks"k dk;ksZa ds fy, cadj fx;j ¼bunker gear½ dks PPE ds :i esa bLrseky djus ds vkSfpR;
dk ewY;kadu djuk] [kklrkSj ij xeÊ ds eghuksa esaA
l oSdfYid lqj{kk vkSj fn'kk&funZs'kksa dk bLrseky djus ds fy, viuh la;qä LokLF; ,oa lqj{kk lfefr ;k
LokLF; ,oa lqj{kk çfrfufèk;ksa ls ijke'kZ djukA

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l lqfuf'pr dhft, fd PPE] çHkkoh lqj{kk miyCèk djkus ds fy, leqfpr vkdkj dh gSA

gsyesV
Helmet

gqHood
M

XyOl
Gloves cwV
Boot

fp=% 3-1-4 Qk;j QkbfVax O;fäxr lqj{kk midj.k ¼PPE½ fdV~l

1- cadj fx;j% ^cadj fx;j* ls rkRi;Z dksV] Vªkmt+lZ ¼trousers½ vkSj lqj{kk ifjèkkuksa ¼ensemble½ ds
lHkh fgLlksa ls gSA ifjèkku ds nwljs fgLlksa esa gsyesV] gqM] cwV vkSj XyOl 'kkfey gksrs gSaA
cadj fx;j ls iSnk gksus okys ghV LVªsl] ewoesaV djus esa fnDdr vkSj
vfrfjä otu ds pyrs cadj fx;j lHkh nq?kZVukvksa ds fy, 'kk;n ,d
;Fkksfpr PPE ugha gksA
2- çksVsfDVo gsM fo;j ¼Protective head wear½% flj esa yxus okyh
pksV ls lkeuk gksus dk [krjk jgus ds pyrs Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'kuksa dks
;Fkksfpr PPE t:j iguus pkfg,] ftuesa gsyesV vkSj çksVsfDVo gqM Hkh
'kkfey gksus pkfg,A
a. Qk;j gsyesV% ,d Qk;j gsyesV dfeZ;ksa dks lHkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ;k fp=% 3-1-5 Qk;j gsyesV
[krjksa ls cpko ds fy, ugha cuk;k tkrk gSA LVªDpjy Qk;j&QkbfVax dk;ksZa dks djrs le;
;g flQZ flj dks ,d lhfer lqj{kk gh çnku djrk gSA ikuh ls cpko tSlh nwljh vkikrdkyhu
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa flj dh lqj{kk ds fy, ml dk;Z ds fy, fo'ks"k :i ls fMtkbu fd, x, flj lqj{kk
ds midj.k dh vko';drk gks ldrh gSA
Qk;j gsyesV ØS'k ¼rsth ls VDdj½ ls lqj{kk nsus ds fy, fMtkbu ugha gksrs gSa vkSj ,d can dSc ;k
vfXu lsok okguksa esa lewg ny ¼Øw½ ds lkFk ;k=k djrs le; bUgsa ugha iguuk pkfg,A gsyesV gsM
DyhjUl esa O;oèkku Mky ldrs gSa vkSj ,d okgu ds iyVus ;k mlds nq?kZVukxzLr gksus ij deÊ ds
xys ;k dej esa pksV yxus ds [krjs dks c<+k ldrs gSaA

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b. çksVsfDVo gqM~l% tc Hkh [kqyh Ropk ds ghV vkSj@;k yiVksa ls tyus dk [krjk gks] çksVsfDVo gqM~l
igus tkus pkfg,A çksVsfDVo gqM~l ds vfrfjä gsyesV ykbulZ Hkh igus tkus pkfg,A

fp=% 3-1-6 çksVsfDVo gqM~l

3- cwV vkSj XyOl% ,sls Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'ku] ftUgsa dke&dkt ds nkSjku iSj ;k gkFk dh pksV yxus dh
laHkkouk gks] mUgsa mi;qä ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa cwV vkSj XyOl vo'; iguus pkfg,A

fp=: 3-1-7 cwV~l fp=: 3-1-8 XyOl

fVIif.k;ka

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(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

vH;kl
1- nks "Class B" bZaèkuksa dk mnkgj.k gS:
a) dkMZcksMZ] v[kckj b) ySEi] xeZ IysV
c) xzht+] fiaV fFkuj
2- ,d APW ¼ty vfXu'kked½ ,d bysfDVªdy vkx ij bLrseky ds fy, lqjf{kr gksrk gSA (lgh@xyr)
3- dkcZu MkbZ vkWDlkbM vfXu'kked fdl çdkj ds bZaèkuksa ij bLrseky ds fy, fMtkbu fd, tkrs gSa\
a) Class B vkSj C b) Class A, B vkSj C
c) Class A vkSj C d) Class A vkSj B
4- fdl çdkj ds vfXu'kked ds ikl ,d ¶ysDlcy ¼flexible½ gkst+ ;k esVy vkeZ ds fljs ij ,d gkMZ
gkWuZ ¼hard horn½ gksrk gS\
a) APW (,;j&çs'kjkbTM okVj ) b) CO2 (dkcZu MkbZ v‚DlkbM )
c) ABC (Mªkb dsfedy )
5- ,d lkekU; fu;e ds :i esa ;fn ,d vkx cgqr rsth ls QSy jgh gS] rks vkidks bls cq>kus dk ç;kl ugha
djuk pkfg,A (lgh@xyr)
6- BC vfXu'kked vkx dks BaMk djds cq>krs gSaA (lgh@xyr)
7- ikuh] vfèkdrj Toyu'khy æo vkxksa dks ugha cq>k ik,xkA (lgh@xyr)
8- ,d vkx ls fucVrs le; vkidks ,d ,fXtV ;k ckgj fudyus dk ekè;e ges'kk rS;kj j[kuk pkfg,A
 (lgh@xyr)
9- vfXu f=Hkqt ds rhu rRo gSa:
a) ,d ghV lkslZ vkSj bZaèku b) v‚Dlhtu] ikuh vkSj bZaèku
c) v‚Dlhtu] bZaèku vkSj ,d ghV lkslZ d) bZaèku] v‚Dlhtu vkSj vFkZ
10- D;k vkidks vius dk;Z{ks= ij lcls utnhdh vfXu'kked ;a= ds ckjs esa irk gS\  (lgh@xyr)
11- vkx cq>kus esa LVkfoZax ¼starving½ djuk D;k gksrk gS\
a) bZaèku tksM+uk b) bZaèku gVkuk
c) [krjksa dks nwj djuk d) v‚Dlhtu dh vkiwfrZ dks jksduk
12- fuEu esa ls dkSu ,d jklk;fud [krjk gS\
a) 'kksj b) daiu
c) foLQksV d) fofdj.k
13- vkx cq>kus ds fy, PASS rduhd dk vo'; ikyu djuk pkfg,A
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
14- vfXu vkikrdky ds fy, 112 ij ;k vU; çk—frd vkinkvksa ds fy, 1078 ij dkWy djsaA
..........................................................................................................................................................
15- tc okrkoj.k esa tek gq, bysfDVªdy pktZ ls cgqr cM+h ek=k esa tehu ij bysfDVªflVh fMLpktZ gksrh gS] rks
bls ykbfV~uax LVªkbd dgrs gSaA
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

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´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

16- tc Hkh ,d æo ,d Bksl pht ij pyrk gS] tSls fd ,d ikbi ds vanj] rks ;g LVSfVd bysfDVªdy pktZ
mRiUu djrk gSA
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
17- rsy vkSj xSl m|ksx ls tqM+s foLQksVksa ds çdkjksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
18- 4 çdkj dh vkx dkSu lh gSa\
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
19- [krjs ¼hazard½ dh igpku djus dk eq[; mís'; D;k gS\
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

fVIif.k;ka

76
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

Scan the QR codes or click on the link to watch the Scan the QR codes or click on the link to watch the
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Types of Fire Extinguisher and Their Uses Different type of Fire Extinguishers & their uses

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Different Types Of Fire Fighting Equipment How to Deal with a Fire Emergency

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Fire Emergency Procedures - Animated Safety Video Line-of-Fire Safety

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Sources of Ignition Fire Hazard Fire & Safety | Bina Refinery BPCL

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´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

Scan the QR codes or click on the link to watch the Scan the QR codes or click on the link to watch the
related videos related videos

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Fire Ignition Sources An Introduction - Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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Using Your PPE Safely

78
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
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;wfuV 3-2 & Qk;j ls¶+Vh ds mik;

;wfuV ds mís';
bl ;wfuV ds var esa] çfrHkkxh lQy gksaxs%
1- rsy ds fc[kjko ;k xSl yhd gksus ds pyrs yxh vkx dk çcaèku djus ds fy, mi;qä mik;ksa dh igpku
djus esaA
2- rsy ds fc[kjko ;k xSl yhd ds pyrs vkx yxus ij [kqys ;k {kfrxzLr okYoksa dh tkap djus esaA
3- vkx vkSj foLQksV j.kuhfr dh igpku djukA
4- vykElZ dk bLrseky djus dk çn'kZu djus esaA
5- tgjhyh xSl ds lkal ysus ij çkFkfed fpfdRlk rduhdksa dk çn'kZu djus esaA

3-2-1 vkikrdkyhu ;kstuk

lkbV ij vkikrdkyhu ;kstuk
,d lexz vkikrdkyhu ;kstuk fy[kus dh çfØ;k ds fgLls ds :i esa] vkU'k‚j ¼onshore½ vkSj v‚¶'k‚j
¼offshore½ nksuksa çdkj dh vfèk"Bkiukvksa ¼bULVyS'ku & installations½ ds VsfDu'kuksa dks uhps fn, x, dk;Z
djus pkfg,%
l dke&dkt ls tqM+s lHkh cM+s [krjksa dh muds lzksrksa] çdkj] Lrj vkSj ifj.kkeksa ds lkFk igpku djukA
blesa nqHkkZouk iwoZd fd, x, dke Hkh 'kkfey gksus pkfg,A
l bu [krjksa ls ,slh mu lHkh laHkkfor ?kVukvksa dh igpku dhft,] ftuds ?kfVr gksus ij ,d vkikrdkyhu
çfrfØ;k nsus dh vko';drk gksxhA buesa fudklh] cpkdj ckgj fudyuk vkSj cpko dh t:jr okyh
?kVuk,a Hkh 'kkfey gksrh gSaA
l bu laHkkfor ?kVukvksa ls] t:jh dk;Zokgh dks ,d vPNh rjg ls ifjHkkf"kr djus okyh ;kstuk cukb,] tks
,d vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr ds fy, ;Fkksfpr çfrfØ;k dks LFkkfir djrh gS vkSj fofHkUu laHkkfor ?kVukvksa
ls mith ekaxksa dks eísutj j[krh gSA
l igpkuh xbZ fofHkUu laHkkfor fLFkfr;ksa ds fy, ikyu dh tkus okyh vkikrdkyhu çfrfØ;k dk ijh{k.k
djus ,oa mudk ikyu djus ds fy, ç.kkfy;ka vkSj mudh ÝhDoUlh LFkkfir dhft,A
l vkSipkfjd dekaM LVªDpj LFkkfir dhft,A ,d v‚¶'kksj bULVyS'ku ds fy, v‚¶'kksj bULVyS'ku eSustj
¼OIM½ ,d vkikrdky ds nkSjku çHkkjh O;fä jgsxkA vkU'k‚j ds fy, tc rd ,d vkikrdkyhu lsok
fLFkfr dks vius fu;a=.k esa uk ys] rc rd ,d n{k O;fä dks çHkkjh O;fä ds :i esa ukfer fd;k tk,xkA
l LFkkfir dhft, fd ,d vkikrdkyhu çfrfØ;k ds nkSjku lfØ; :i ls Hkkx ysus okys yksx] iwjh rjg
ls dekaM ysus okys O;fä;ksa lfgr] bl dke dks djus esa n{k gSa ¼n{k dk vFkZ gS i;kZIr :i ls çf'kf{kr
,oa vuqHkoh gksuk vkSj lacafèkr xq.kksa esa fuiq.k gksuk½A
l LFkkfir dhft, fd fdlh vkikrdky ds nkSjku çfrfØ;k nsus ds fy, i;kZIr O;fä mifLFkr gSaA
l bULVyS'ku ij lHkh O;fä;ksa dh Hkwfedk,a vkSj mÙkjnkf;Ro LFkkfir djukA
l LFkkfir djuk fd fdlh vkikrdky ds nkSjku çfrfØ;k djus ds fy, i;kZIr lalkèku miyCèk gSaA
l vkU'k‚j lkbV~l ds fy, LFkkfir dhft, fd vkikrdky ls lkbV ij gh fucV ikus dh fLFkfr esa
v‚ulkbV vkSj v‚Q&lkbV nksuksa çdkj dh ;kstuk,a rS;kj gSaA
l vkU'k‚j lkbV~l ds fy, LFkkfir dhft, fd ,d estj ,DlhMsaV çhosU'ku i‚fylh ¼MAPP½ rS;kj dj
yh xbZ gS vkSj ;g çpfyr ¼current½ gSA

79
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

lLFkkfir dhft, fd ,d nq?kZVuk gksus ds ckn lkbV dh lQkbZ vkSj mipkj ds fy, dkSu ls mik;ksa dh
vko';drk gksxhA
Åij nh xbZ tkudkjh dks lwphc) djus ds ckn ;kstuk cukbZ tk ldrh gSA

,d vkikrdkyhu ;kstuk ds fo"k;

,d vkikrdkyhu ;kstuk esa fuEufyf[kr tkudkjh gksuh pkfg,A
1- vkikrdky dks ns[kus okys yksxksa ds mÙkjnkf;Ro vkSj çkfèkdkjA
,d vkikrdkyhu ifjfLFkfr esa cukbZ xbZ ;kstuk ds vuqlkj v‚u&lkbV çfrfØ;k dk çcaèku djus ds
fy, dekaM LVªDpjA blesa 'kkfey gksaxs%
l vkikrdkyhu ç.kkfy;ksa dks 'kq: djus okys çkfèk—r ¼authorised½ O;fä;ksa ds uke vkSj inA
l v‚u&lkbV jkgr ¼mitigatory½ dk;ksZa dk çHkkj laHkkyus okys vkSj ogka leUo; cSBkus okys O;fä
dk uke vkSj inA
l ckgjh ,tsafl;ksa vkSj@;k LFkkuh; çkfèkdkjksa ds lkFk laidZ cukus ds fy, mÙkjnk;h O;fä dk uke
vkSj inA
l tc ofj"B çcaèkd miyCèk ugha gksaxs] rks mu fLFkfr;ksa ds fy, dh xbZ O;oLFkkvksa ds C;kSjsA
l lHkh çkfèk—r dfeZ;ksa ds laidZ fooj.kA
2- og ?kVuk,a] ftuds fy, ;kstuk,a cukbZ xbZ gSa vkSj ;kstukc) çfrfØ;kvksa dh lhekA
;g ,d vkikrdkyhu ;kstuk dk eq[; igyw gksrk gSA blesa fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa ds fooj.k 'kkfey
gksus pkfg,%
l vkikrdkyhu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds çdkj] ftuds iSnk gksus dh i;kZIr laHkkouk,a gSaA
l bu lHkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fy, çfrfØ;k j.kuhfrA
l mu dfeZ;ksa ds fooj.k] ftUgsa vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr ds nkSjku Hkwfedk fuHkkus dk nkf;Ro fn;k x;k gS
vkSj muds mÙkjnkf;RoA
l vfXu'keu midj.k tSls fo'ks"k midj.kksa ds fooj.k vkSj yksds'ku ¼vofLFkfr½ vkSj {kfr fu;a=.k
lqfoèkk,aA
3- vykeZ flLVEl vkSj vykElZ ij çfrfØ;k
blesa ;g 'kkfey gksuk pkfg, fd ,d laHkkfor vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr dk tYn irk yxkus ds fy,
dkSu&dkSu ls vykeZ flLVEl vkSj O;oLFkk,a dh xbZ gSaA blesa 'kkfey gksaxh fd dfeZ;ksa }kjk ,d ;Fkksfpr
çfrfØ;k fd;k tkuk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, dkSu lh O;oLFkk,a dh xbZ gSa vkSj muds mÙkjnkf;Ro D;k
gksaxsA tSls& {ks= ;k txg dks [kkyh djkuk] 'kj.k ysuk] lqj{kk midj.kksa dk bLrseky djuk vkfnA
4- ,d v‚Q&lkbV vkikrdkyhu ;kstuk 'kq: ¼fVªxj½ djus ds fy, O;oLFkk,a
tgka Hkh ,d v‚Q&lkbV ;kstuk ykxw gks] ogka ikuh dh daifu;ksa] i;kZoj.k ,tsalh tSlh v‚Q&lkbV
vkikrdky lsokvksa dks vyVZ djus ds fy, D;k O;oLFkk,a dh xbZ gSaA lkFk gh] fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa bu
vyV~lZ dks Hkstuk pkfg,] çR;sd lsok ;k ,tsalh }kjk fdl çdkj dh tkudkjh dh vko';drk gksxh]
vkSj muds laidZ fooj.kA

vfXu vkSj foLQksV j.kuhfr

,d ^vfXu vkSj foLQksV j.kuhfr* mu mik;ksa dk la;kstu ¼combination½ gksrh gS tks vkx yxus ;k foLQksV
gksus ij dfeZ;ksa dks gksus okys tksf[keksa dks de djrh gS] ;k tks vkx yxus vkSj foLQksV gksus ds tksf[keksa dks gh

80
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

de djrh gSA ;gka lwphc) fd, x, dqN mik;ksa esa ls dqN v‚¶'kksj bULVyS'kal ij ykxw gksaxs] rks dqN v‚U'kksj
bULVyS'kal ij vkSj 'ks"k nksuksa çdkj dh bULVyS'ku ij%
,d fo'ks"k bULVyS'ku ds fy, ,d vfXu vkSj foLQksV j.kuhfr cukrs le; è;ku j[kus
;ksX; mik;ksa esa 'kkfey gSa%
l ,slh fcfYMax tks vkD;ikbM ¼occupied½ gSa] muds fy, mu tksf[keksa vkSj [krjksa dk ewY;kadu gksuk
vo'; gksuk pkfg,] ftuds çfr ,d cM+h nq?kZVuk gksus ij os vlqjf{kr ¼vulnerable½ gSaA ml ewY;kadu
ds vkèkkj ij bu eqíksa ds fucVku ds fy, leqfpr mik; fd, tkus pkfg,A ewY;kadu çfØ;k esa 'kkfey
gksuh okyh fcfYMaxksa esa vLFkk;h vkSj vfrfjä 'kj.kLFky Hkh gksus pkfg,A
l muesa ckgj fudyus ds fy, miyCèk ekxZ dks gkbZ fot+fcfyVh ladsrksa dk bLrseky djds Li"V :i ls
ekdZ fd;k gqvk gksuk pkfg,A
l ckgj fudyus ds jkLrs vPNh rjg ls çdk'keku gksus pkfg, vkSj muesa fctyh tkus ij bZetZUlh ykbfVax
dh vkikrdkyhu O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A
l tgka Hkh mfpr gks] ogka ckgj fudyus ds jkLrksa dks Qk;jo‚Yl ;k MsY;wt Qk;j çksVsD'ku flLVEl
¼deluge fire protection systems½ ls lqjf{kr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
l ckgj fudyus dk jkLrk bruk cM+k gksuk pkfg, fd og lHkh yksxksa dks txg nsus ds fy, i;kZIr gksA
l tgka mfpr gks] ogka bULVyS'ku dks vyx&vyx fgLlksa esa ckaVk gqvk gksuk pkfg, ¼fgLlksa ds chp esa
Qk;jokYl yxkdj½A
l fdlh vksoj&çs'kj dks nwj djus ds fy, bULVyS'ku ds vanj tgka mfpr gks] ogka j.kuhfrd :i ls Cyks
vkmV ¼blow out½] ;k bDLIyks'ku iSuYl ¼explosion panels½ yxs gksus pkfg,A
l tgka mfpr gks] ogka ckgj fudyus ds jkLrksa ij ghV ,fDVosVsM MsY;wt@fLçaxdyj yxs gksus pkfg,A
l bULVyS'ku ds gj {ks= esa ,d ls vfèkd ckgj fudyus ds jkLrs gksus pkfg,A
l ckgj fudyus ds jkLrs vkx vkSj foLQksV ds nq"çHkkoksa ds fo#) lqjf{kr gksus pkfg,A
l fdlh Hkh vLFkk;h 'kj.k lqfoèkk ls gsyhMsd ¼helideck½ rd vkarfjd igqap gksuh pkfg,A
l bZetZUlh 'kVMkmu ¼emergency shutdown & ESD½ flLVe ij ykxw gksus okys vksojjkbM~l
¼overrides½ vkSj bfUgfcV~l ¼inhibits½ dh la[;k vkSj Qk;j ,aM xSl ¼F&G½ flLVe dks U;wure
j[kuk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, ,d uhfr gksuh pkfg,A
l bZetZUlh 'kVMkmu flLVe dks fMtkbu djus ds pj.k esa Qsy&lsQ ¼failsafe½ vkSj Qk;jçwQ c‚y okYOl
¼fireproof ball valves½ 'kkfey fd, tkus pkfg,] rkfd vkx yxus ij mudh v[kaMrk ¼integrity½
ls dksbZ le>kSrk ugha gksA
l yhd gksus dh laHkkoukvksa dks de ls de djus ds fy, ,d çkslsl flLVe dks fMtkbu djus ds pj.k
esa ¶ySUt ikbiodZ ¼flanged pipework½ dh ek=k dks de ls de j[kuk pkfg,A
l fMtkbu djus ds pj.k esa gh [krjukd inkFkksZa dh bUoUVksjh ¼inventory½ de ls de dj nsuh pkfg,A
l bZetZUlh 'kVMkmu okYOl ¼ESDVs½ dks Qk;jçwQ dsflax ds lkFk bUDykst+~M ¼enclosed½ fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A
l okVj MsY;wt v‚ijsfVax fLdM~l ¼Water deluge operating skids½] ftl {ks= dh os j{kk dj jgs gSa]
muls nwj fLFkr gksus pkfg,A
l fjgk;'kh {ks= esa èkq,a vkSj yiVksa dks ?kqlus ls jksdus ds fy, muesa ços'k fnykus okys njoktksa ij v‚VkseSfVd
Mksj DykstlZ ¼automatic door closures½ yxs gksus pkfg,A
l lHkh bUDyks'klZ] ftuesa gkml jksVsfVax bfDoIeUV vkSj bysfDVªdy MªkbOl yxh gksrh gSa] muesa osjh bZyÊ
Leksd fMVsD'ku ,sijSVl ¼very early smoke detection apparatus & VESDA½ fQV gksus pkfg,A

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´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

l bl ckr ds fy, mik; fd, tkus pkfg, fd mRiknu {ks= esa xSl yhd gksus ij mlds QSyko esa enn
djus ds fy, ogka i;kZIr eSdsfudy vkSj —f=e osafVys'ku ¼ventilation½ O;oLFkk gSA
l ,dkseksMs'ku ¼accommodation½ vkSj daVªksy :e vyx&vyx gksus pkfg, vkSj tgka Hkh laHko gks]
mRiknu çfØ;kvksa ls nwj vofLFkr gksus pkfg,A
l daVªksy :e vkSj bZetZUlh dekaM ,aM daVªksy lsaVlZ] CykLV ,oa Qk;j okYl ¼blast and fire walls½ dk
bLrseky djds vyx&vyx fd, tkus pkfg,A
l lh ykbal ¼sea lines½ vkSj osYl ¼wells½ esa lc&lh vkblksys'ku okYOl ¼SSIVS½ fQV gksus pkfg,A
l tgka Hkh ;Fkksfpr gks] ogka gkbZ bUVsfxzVh ikbiykbu çksVsD'ku flLVEl ¼High integrity pipeline
protection systems & HIPPS½ fQV fd, tkus pkfg,A
l fjgk;'kh dejksa vkSj vLFkk;h 'kj.kLFkyksa ¼TR½ ij bDLVuZy Qk;j çksVsD'ku ¼External fire protection½
fQV dh gksuh pkfg,A
l vLFkk;h 'kj.kLFky ,;jVkbV ¼airtight½ gksuk pkfg, vkSj ges'kk ikft+fVo ,sV~eLQsfjd çs'kj ¼positive
atmospheric pressure½ ds vèkhu gksuk pkfg,A
l tc daVªksy :e vLFkk;h 'kj.kLFky ds vanj vofLFkr ugha gS] rks ogka ,d i`Fkd bZetZUlh dekaM ,aM
daVªksy ¼ECC½ lsaVj gksuk pkfg,A

3-2-2 vykElZ & çfrfØ;k dk egRo

vkWU'kksj vykElZ
tc ,d v‚U'kksj lqfoèkk ij dksbZ vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr mHkjrh gS] rks ;g t:jh gS fd lkbV ij mifLFkr lHkh
yksxksa vkSj vkl&ikl ds vke yksxksa dks fLFkfr ds ckjs esa irk gksA ;g vykeZ flXuy ,d okfuZax lkbju ds
ekè;e ls fn;k tkrk gS] ftldh vkokt lkbV vkSj mlds vkl&ikl ds {ks= esa lHkh yksxksa }kjk lquus ds fy,
i;kZIr gksrh gSA
lkbju dc ctsxk djsxk vkSj blds ctus dk D;k vFkZ gS] ;g lqfuf'pr djuk lkbV çcaèku dk mÙkjnkf;Ro gSA
blesa vkl&vkl dke djus vkSj jgus okys vke yksx Hkh 'kkfey gSaA urhtru] blds ckjs esa yksxksa dks tkx:d
djus ds fy, le;&le; ij lkbju ds VsLV fd, tkus pkfg, vkSj yksxksa ds chp budk O;kid çpkj&çlkj
fd;k tkuk pkfg,A lkbju D;ksa ct jgk gS] bldks ysdj yksxksa ds chp esa fdlh Hkh çdkj dh xyQgeh ls cpus
ds fy, lHkh çdkj dh ?kVukvksa ds fy, lkbju flQZ ,d gh çdkj dk gksuk pkfg,A
lqfoèkk ds vanj ,slh txg gksrh gSa] tgka fo'ks"k rkSj ij 'kksj T;knk gksrk gS] tSls e'khuksa okyh txg vkSj can
dejsA ,sls ekeyksa esa] vykElZ ds lkFk ¶ySf'kax chdu ¼çdk'k nsus okyk½ Hkh gksuk pkfg,A
vykeZ] vkikrdkyhu lsokvksa ds daVªksy lsaVj ds lkFk tqM+k gksuk pkfg,] rkfd mudks fdlh vkikrdky ds ckjs
esa Lor% gh irk py tk,A

vkW¶'kksj vykElZ
v‚¶'kksj ij vykeZ dh fLFkfr FkksM+h vyx gksrh gS] D;ksafd ogka nks çdkj ds vykeZ bLrseky fd, tkrs gSaA igys
çdkj dk vykeZ gS tujy IysVQ+‚eZ vykeZ ¼GPA½] tksfd ilZusy v‚u cksMZ ¼POB½ dks muds vkoafVr eLVj
LVs'ku ij tkus dks n'kkZus okyk ,d lkekU; vykeZ gksrk gSA GPA] fu;fer varjky ij ctk;k tkus okyk ,d
bUVfeZVUV ¼intermittent½ flXuy gksrk gSA
nksuksa çdkj ds vykElZ ds lkFk vke rkSj ij ,d ifCyd vMªsl vukmULesUV vkSj tgka Hkh t:jh gks] ogka ,d
fotqvy vykeZ flLVe gksrk gSA

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(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

3-2-3 vkWU'kksj lqfoèkkvksa vkSj vkW¶'kksj IysVQ+kWElZ ls ckgj fudyus]

fudklh vkSj cpko ds fl)kar
rsy ,oa xSl dh v‚U'kksj vkSj v‚¶'kksj bULVyS'kal ls fudklh dh çfØ;kvksa ds chp esa dkQh varj gksrk gSA blfy,
gesa bu nksuksa çdkj dh bULVyS'kal ls fudklh dh çfØ;kvksa dk vyx&vyx vè;;u djus dh vko';drk gSA

ckgj fudyuk vkSj fudklh & vkWU'kksj

tc dfeZ;ksa dks ,d v‚U'kksj bULVyS'ku ls ckgj fudyus ;k mls [kkyh djus dh vko';drk gksrh gS] rks ml
le; mUgsa dbZ ,slh ckrksa dks è;ku j[kus dh vko';drk gksrh gS] tks fdlh vuko';d ijs'kkuh ds ckgj fudyus
dh mudh {kerk dks c<+krs gSaA buesa 'kkfey gSa:
l iwjs ,Ldsi :V ij gkbZ fot+fcfyVh ladsrksa dk bLrseky djds ,Ldsi :V dks Li"V :i ls ekdZ fd;k
tkuk pkfg,A
l ,Ldsi :V vPNh rjg ls çdk'keku fd, tkus pkfg, vkSj fctyh ds tkus ij blesa bZetZUlh ykbfVax
dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A
l lHkh ,Ldsi :V~l dh Qk;j&okYl ;k MsY;wt Qk;j çksVsD'ku flLVEl ls ;FkklaHko lqj{kk dh tkuh
pkfg,A
l ,Ldsi :V~l fdlh Hkh ckèkk ls eqä gksus pkfg, ¼mu rd Li"V igqap vkSj fudklh½ vkSj lHkh dfeZ;ksa dks
txg nsus ds fy, i;kZIr vkdkj ds gksus pkfg,A
l ,Ldsi :V~l ij ghV ,sfDVosVsM MsY;wt@fLçaxdylZ yxs gksus pkfg,A
l bULVyS'ku dh gj txg ij ,d ls vfèkd ,Ldsi :V gksus pkfg,A
l tgka Hkh ;Fkksfpr gks] bULVyS'ku dks vyx&vyx dejksa esa ckaVk gqvk gksuk pkfg, ¼chp ds Qk;jokYl
yxkdj½A
l bULVyS'ku ds vanj fdlh Hkh vksoj&çs'kj dks de djus ds fy, mlds vanj tgka Hkh laHko gks] ogka Cyks
vkmV ;k bDLIyks'ku iSuYl dks j.kuhfrd :i ls yxk;k tkuk pkfg,A
tc ,d v‚U'kksj bULVyS'ku ds vanj dksbZ ?kVuk ?kVs] rks dfeZ;ksa ds fy, ckgj fudyus dk lkekU; jkLrk eq[;
,fXtV gksxkA ysfdu] dqN ,slh fLFkfr;ka Hkh gks ldrh gSa] tc ;s ,fXtV~l Cy‚d ;k vuqiyCèk gksaA tc Hkh ,slk
gks] ckgj fudyus vkSj fudklh dh çfØ;k dks ,d oSdfYid ,fXtV ls djuk gksxkA tc ewy vkikrdkyhu
;kstuk cukbZ tk jgh Fkh vkSj fofHkUu laHkkoukvksa ds ckjs esa fopkj fd;k tk jgk Fkk] rc bl fLFkfr ds ckjs esa Hkh
;kstuk çfØ;k ds vge fgLls ds :i esa lksp&fopkj dj ysuk vkSj t:jh ;kstuk cuk yh tkuh pkfg,A
vkikrdkyhu ;kstuk esa lHkh laHkkfor ?kVukvksa ds fy, çfØ;k,a fuèkkZfjr dh tk,axh rFkk bZetZUlh dekaM ,aM
daVªksy ¼ECC½ lsaVj bu çfØ;kvksa dk vkikrdkyhu lsokvksa ds la;kstu esa ikyu djsxkA
ihfM+rksa dh fudklh lcls mfpr ekè;eksa] lkekU;r;k ,Ecqysal] ls dh tk,xhA dqN fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa] ,d
,;j ,Ecqysal dk bLrseky djuk vfèkd mfpr ekuk tk ldrk gS] [kklrkSj ij tc xaHkhj :i ls ?kk;y yksxksa dk
le; ls bykt fd;k tkuk csgn t:jh gksA fot+fcfyVh ¼jkr ;k èkqaèk ds le;½ ;k ekSleh ifjfLFkfr;ka ¼'kfä'kkyh
gok,a ;k vkaèkh&rwQku½ Hkh bl fu.kZ; dks çHkkfor djsaxhA
LFkkuh; çkfèkdkjh dks ,d v‚Q&lkbV vkikrdkyhu ;kstuk cukrs le; bULVyS'ku ds v‚ijsVlZ ds lkFk dke
djuk pkfg,A blls ;g fuèkkZfjr gksxk fd os fdlh ?kVuk] tks vkl&ikl ds {ks=] ogka ds yksx vkSj i;kZoj.k dks
çHkkfor djrh gS] mldks ysdj dSls jhLikUM ¼çfrfØ;k½ nsaxsA blesa] t:jr iM+us ij txg dks dSls [kkyh fd;k
tk,xk] {kfrxzLr laifÙk ds çfr mudh çfrfØ;k fd;k tkuk vkSj cpko fd;k tkuk Hkh 'kkfey gksaxsA

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´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

ckgj fudyuk vkSj fudklh & vkWQ&'kksj

tc dfeZ;ksa dks ,d vkWQ&'kksj bULVyS'ku ls ckgj fudyus ;k fudklh djus dh t:jr gksxh] rks dbZ ,sls dkjd
gksrs gSa tks fcuk fdlh ijs'kkuh ds muds ckgj fudyus dh {kerk dks c<+krs gSaA blesa 'kkfey gSa:
l muesa ckgj fudyus ds fy, miyCèk ekxZ dks gkbZ fot+fcfyVh ladsrksa dk bLrseky djds Li"V :i ls
ekdZ fd;k gqvk gksuk pkfg,A
l ,Ldsi :V~l vPNh rjg ls çdk'keku fd, tkus pkfg, vkSj fctyh ds tkus ij buesa bZetZUlh ykbfVax
dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A
l lHkh ,Ldsi :V~l dh Qk;j&okYl ;k MsY;wt Qk;j çksVsD'ku flLVEl ls ;FkklaHko lqj{kk dh tkuh
pkfg,A
l ,Ldsi :V~l fdlh Hkh ckèkk ls eqä gksus pkfg, ¼mu rd Li"V igqap vkSj fudklh½ vkSj lHkh dfeZ;ksa dks
txg nsus ds fy, i;kZIr vkdkj ds gksus pkfg,A
l bULVyS'ku dks vyx&vyx dejksa esa ckaV fn;k tkuk pkfg, ¼dejksa ds chp esa Qk;jokYl yxkdj½A
l bULVyS'ku ds vanj fdlh Hkh vksoj&çs'kj dks de djus ds fy, mlds vanj tgka Hkh laHko gks] ogka Cyks
vkmV ;k bDLIyks'ku iSuYl dks j.kuhfrd :i ls yxk;k tkuk pkfg,A
l ,Ldsi :V~l ij ghV ,sfDVosVsM MsY;wt@fLçaxdylZ yxs
gksus pkfg,A
l bULVyS'ku ds gj {ks= esa ,d ls vfèkd ckgj fudyus ds
jkLrs gksus pkfg,A
l dfeZ;ksa ls lacafèkr fn'kk&funZs'kksa] tSls D;k djsa vkSj dgka
tk,a] dks crkus ds fy, laokn ds ,d ls vfèkd ekè;e
gksus pkfg,A
l dfeZ;ksa dks vykeZ ds ckjs esa crkus ds fy, flQZ lkbju
dk gh bLrseky ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,A tgka lkbju
dh vkokt ugha lqukbZ ns] ogka ,d ¶ySf'kax chdu dk
bLrseky fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
l eSU;wvyh :i ls lh ¼sea½ ysoy rd mrjus ds fy, dbZ
ekè;e miyCèk gksrs gSa] tSls& ukfVM ¼knotted½ jksi]
IysVQ+‚eZ ysx ls vVSp fd;k gqvk lh ySMj ¼sea ladder½]
LØSEcy usV ¼scramble net½] LdkbZLdsi ¼skyscape½
vkfnA
l vdkseksMs'ku ,fj;k ¼accommodation area½ ;k
çR;sd ,Ldsi :V ij mfpr ilZusy ,Ldsi bfDoIeUV
¼personnel escape equipment½ miyCèk gksuk
pkfg,A bl midj.k esa bZetZUlh czhfnax flLVEl ¼EBS½] fp=% 3-2-1 ilZusy ,Ldsi bfDoIeUV
bZetZUlh ykbQ liksVZ ,sijSVl ¼ELSA½] Leksd gqM~l] V‚pZ vkSj ¶ySe jsVjMUV XyOl ¼flame retardant
gloves½ 'kkfey gksus pkfg,A
tc ,d v‚¶'kksj bULVyS'ku ij dksbZ nq?kZVuk gksrh gS] vkSj ckgj fudyus ,oa fudklh vko';drk iM+rh gS] rks
bULVyS'ku ls lqjf{kr rjhds ls ckgj fudyus ds dbZ ekè;e gksrs gSaA
çkFkfed ekè;e gS ykbQcksVA ;s MSfoV ¼,d Øsu Vkbi dh fMokbl] tks ykbQcksV dks leqæ rd uhps ys tkrh
gS½ ls y‚Up dh tk ldrh gS ;k ,d Ýh&Qky ds tfj,] blesa ykbQcksV ,d y‚Up jSEi ij ,d dks.k ij lsV
dh tk ldrh gS vkSj vko';drkuqlkj leqæ esa fxjus nh tk ldrh gSA

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(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

ykbQ jS¶V] bULVyS'ku dks lqjf{kr rjhds ls ckgj fudyus dk ,d vU; lqjf{kr ekè;e gksrs gSaA gkykafd] os
ckgj fudyus ds ykbQcksV ftrus dq'ky ;k Rofjr ekè;e ugha gksrs gSa vkSj bUgsa ckgj fudyus ds fy, nwljk
fodYi gh ekuuk pkfg,A
ykbQ jS¶V~l dks bU¶ySV djus vkSj mu p<+us ls igys mUgsa ,d MSfoV ds ekè;e ls leqæ esa y‚Up fd;k tkrk
gSA bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd ykbQ jS¶V esa p<+us ls igys dfeZ;ksa dks IysVQ+‚eZ ls lh ysoy rd mrjuk iM+rk gSA
;g lc ^MksuV* ¼donut½ ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g fMokbl ,d jLlh ls tqM+h gqbZ gksrh gS] tksfd IysVQ+‚eZ
ls tqM+h gksrh gSA deÊ viuh mrjku ¼descent½ dks bl fMokbl ds lkFk fu;af=r djrk gS vkSj ykbQ jS¶V
ls tqM+h gqbZ ,d vU; jLlh O;fä dks ykbQ jS¶V rd xkbM djrh gSA

fp=% 3-2-2 ykbQ jS¶V

,d vkikrdky ds nkSjku lh ysoy rd mrkjus ds vU; ekè;eksa esa 'kkfey gSa% ukfVM ¼knotted½ jksi] IysVQ+‚eZ
ysx ¼leg½ ls vVSp fd;k gqvk lh ySMj ¼sea ladder½] LØSEcy usV ¼scramble net½] ;k ^LdkbZLdsi* ¼,d
lh<+huqek ,Ldsi fMokbl½A
gsfydkIVj ds ekè;e ls ckgj fudyus ds ckjs esa lkspk tk ldrk gSA gkykafd] ,slk flQZ mu ihfM+rksa rd lhfer
gksrk gS] tksfd fcuk fdlh enn ds bULVyS'ku ls ckgj fudyus esa l{ke ugha gSaA
nq?kZVuk ds bDLVsUV ¼foLrkj½ ds ckjs esa Hkh fopkj djus t:jr gksrh gS] tksfd IysVQ+‚eZ ij gsfydkIVj ds ySaM
djus esa ckèkk Mky ldrk gSA

fp=% 3-2-3 LdkbZ Ldsi

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IysVQ+‚eZ dk vfrfjä ¼standby½ osly ,d ckgj fudyus ds fy, t:jh vkSj fudklh fLFkfr ds çfr çfrfØ;k
djus ds fy, miyCèk jgsxhA IysVQ+‚eZ ds bZoSD;oS'ku ds lkFk&lkFk ;g vius QkLV jsLD;w Øk¶V ¼FRC½ vkSj
fjlho y‚UPM lokZboy Øk¶V ¼ykbQcksV~l vkSj ykbQ jS¶V~l½ ds lkFk lh jsLD;w ¼sea rescue½ Hkh v‚Qj dj
ldrk gSA t:jr iM+us ij] ;g viuh Qk;j&QkbfVax {kerkvksa dk Hkh bLrseky dj ldrk gSA
bULVyS'ku ls ,Ldsi ;k bZoSD;oS'ku djus esa 'kkfey yksxksa dh çHkkoh fjdojh ds fy, mfpr vkSj foLr`r O;oLFkkvksa
dk miyCèk gksuk MîwVh gksYMj dk nkf;Ro gSA blesa bULVyS'ku ls leqæ esa fxjus okys O;fä ¼eSu vksoj&cksMZ½]
;k bULVyS'ku ds ikl ,d gsfydkIVj dk fMp ¼ditch½ djuk Hkh 'kkfey gSA
mudh fjdojh djus ij mUgsa ,d lqjf{kr LFkku ij ys tkuk pkfg,A ;g ,d v‚U'kksj] ;k v‚¶'kksj yksds'ku gks
ldrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, IysVQ+‚eZ dk LVSUMckbZ osly] tgka fpfdRlk mipkj vkSj ns[kHkky dh nwljh lqfoèkk,a
miyCèk djkbZ tk ldrh gSaA

fp=% 3-2-4 QkLV jsLD;w Øk¶V

3-2-4 vkx vkSj nwljh çfrdwy ?kVuk,a

lqj{kk esa tjk lh pwd ds pyrs gksus okyh nq?kZVuk dks leqfpr :i ls fjiksVZ djus vkSj mldh tkap djus esa
vlQy gksus dk lcls egRoiw.kZ ifj.kke lh[kus ds volj [kksuk gksrk gSA vDlj ,slk gksrk gS fd ,d daiuh
dks egRoiw.kZ nq?kZVukvksa ij MsVk bdëk djus esa dksbZ eqf'dy gks] [kklrkSj ij os] ftuds ckjs esa bls çofrZr
¼enforcing½ djus okys çkfèkdkjh dks lwfpr djus dh vko';drk gksA gkykafd] NksVh xyfr;ka] >wBs vykElZ]
NksVh pksV okyh nq?kZVuk,a vkSj nwljs uqdlku vDlj vkSipkfjd fjiksfVZax ,oa fjd‚fMZax dh çfØ;kvksa ls NwV tkrs
gSaA blls cM+s uqdlku gksus ls igys ls¶+Vh flLVe dh dfe;ksa dks nwj djus ds volj lhfer gks tkrs gSaA
nq?kZVukvksa dh fuxjkuh esa vlQy gksus ds urhts xaHkhj nq?kZVukvksa ds gksus ds :i esa Hkqxrus iM+ ldrs gSaA
lwpuk bdëk djuk
,d çfrdwy ?kVuk ds gksus ;k mlds gksus ds ckjs esa irk yxrs gh ,d tkap ds fy, 'kq: esa gh lwpuk bdëk
djuk t:jh gS] D;ksafd:
l ?kVuk dh yksds'ku mlh fLFkfr esa jgsxh] tSls ykbV dk ysoy] rkieku vkfnA
l yksxksa dh Le`fr;ka rktk jgsaxhA
l xokgksa ds c;kuksa ls ,d loZlEefr okyk fopkj fudydj vkus ds lhfer volj gksrs gSaA

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(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

lcwr bdëk djus esa yxus okyk le; ?kVuk ds ifj.kke@laHkkfor ifj.kke ds lekuqikfrd gksrk gS( gkykafd]
tkap ds fy, miyCèk lwpuk ds lzksrksa dh vksj tYn gh è;ku nsuk pkfg,A

fp=% 3-2-5 nq?kZVuk ds ckn lwpuk bdëk djuk

lwpuk ds lzksr
fdlh Hkh çfrdwy ?kVuk ds rRdkyhu] vaMjykbfuax ¼js[kkafdr½ vkSj ewy dkj.kksa ls tqM+h tkudkjh ;FkklaHko
vfèkdkfèkd lzksrksa ls bdëk dh tkuh pkfg,A fofHkUu lzksrksa ls feyh tkudkjh eSustesaV flLVEl ds lkFk leL;kvksa
dks iq"V djus esa lgk;d gksxhA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ,slk laHko gS fd ,d uhfr dh deh ;k uhfr dks i;kZIr çf'k{k.k
;k fuxjkuh ds fcuk ykxw djus ds pyrs vlqjf{kr dk;ZLFkyh; ç.kkfy;ka fodflr gks xbZ gSaA
lwpuk dk fo'ys"k.k
lwpuk dks bdëk djus ds ckn bls rdZlaxr rjhds ls Øec) djuk vko';d gSA lcls rdZlaxr rjhdk gS
tkudkjh dks Øksuksy‚ftdyh ¼chronologically½ rjhds ls O;ofLFkr djukA
blfy,] iwNk tkus okyk lcls igyk ç'u gS fd okLro esa D;k gqvk FkkA ,slk djus ds fy, ,d mi;qä 'kq#vkrh
fcanq vo'; igpkuk tkuk pkfg,A dbZ ekeyksa esa ;g ,d ,slk fcanq gksxk] tc dke lfØ; :i ls 'kq: gqvk FkkA
dqN ekeyksa esa tkap dk 'kq#vkrh fcanq og le; gksrk gS] tc ,d eSustesaV flLVe dh cM+h vlQyrk us ?kVukvksa
dk ,d ,slk Øe 'kq: gqvk] ftlls og çfrdwy ?kVuk ?kfVr gqbZA
;g LFkkfir djus ds ckn fd ?kVuk dk Øe D;k gS] tkap ls ;g le>us dh dksf'k'k djuk pkfg, fd ;s ?kVuk,a
D;ksa gqbZaA
;g irk yxkus ds ckn fd ?kVukvksa dk ,d fuf'pr Øe D;ksa gqvk] fofHkUu laHkkfor lg;ksxh dkjdksa dks è;ku
esa j[kuk t:jh gSA ;s dkjd dke] yksxksa] laxBu] lacafèkr midj.kksa vkSj i;kZoj.k ls tqM+s gksrs gSaA

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dke djus ls tqM+s dkjdksa esa 'kkfey gSa%

l dke dh ç—fr] tSls D;k ;g :Vhu ¼lkekU;½] cksfjax] ;k viokn Lo:i gS\

l D;k bu dk;ksZa dks lqjf{kr rjhds ls laiUu djus ds fy, i;kZIr le; miyCèk gS\

l D;k fdlh çdkj ds O;oèkku] 'kksj] nwljs dke vkfn gSa\

l D;k dke ds i;kZIr lqjf{kr ç.kkfy;ka@flLVEl gSa\

ekuoh; dkjdksa esa 'kkfey gSa%

l 'kkfey O;fä;ksa dh 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld {kerk,aA

l {kerk ds LrjA

l O;fäxr ;k dke ls tqM+s rukoA

l Fkdku] MªXl vkSj ,Ydksgy ds çHkkoA

l ekuoh; Hkwysa] tSls xyfr;ka vkSj mYya?kuA

laxBu ls tqM+s dkjdksa esa 'kkfey gSa%

l dke dk ncko vkSj dke ds yacs ?kaVsA

l i;kZIr lalkèkuksa dh miyCèkrkA

l lqijfotu ¼fuxjkuh½ dh miyCèkrk vkSj xq.koÙkkA

l laxBu esa LokLF; vkSj lqj{kk laL—frA

midj.k ls tqM+s dkjdksa esa 'kkfey gSa%

l fu;a=.kksa dk vxZukfed ¼Je&n{krk lacaèkh½ fMtkbuA

l dk;ZLFky dk Je&n{krk lacaèkh ys&vkmVA

l fcYM&bu ls¶+Vh fMokblstA

l midj.k dh fLFkfrA

l eSUV~uUl ¼j[k&j[kko½ vkSj VsfLVax dk bfrgklA

i;kZoj.kh; dkjdksa esa 'kkfey gSa%

l rkieku]

l çdk'k dk Lrj]

l 'kksj dk Lrj]

l rax@[kqyh dk;Z ifjfLFkfr;ka]

l i;kZIr dY;k.k O;oLFkkvksa dk çkoèkku]

l lQkbZ@gkmldhfiax ds ekudA

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3-2-5 vkx ls tqM+h ?kVukvksa dh fjiksfVZax

1- O;fäxr pksV% dksbZ O;fäxr pksV] tSls çk.k&?kkrd ¼fatal½] cM+h ;k rhu&fnolh;] tksfd ,d vkx ds
pyrs yxrh gS] rks mls çkfèkdkfj;ksa dks vo'; fjiksVZ djuk pkfg,A dk;ZLFky ij ,d vkx ls yxus okyh
fo'ks"k pksVsa gSa:
l jlk;fud ;k xeZ èkkrq tyu ¼Chemical or hot metal burns½A
l ,slh dksbZ fLFkfr] ftlesa fjlflVS'ku ¼iqu% gks'k esa ykuk½ dh t:jr gksA
l èkq,a dks lkal ds lkFk vanj ysus ;k v‚Dlhtu dh deh ds ckn gks'k [kksukA
l 24 ?kaVs ls vfèkd ds fy, vLirky esa nkf[kykA

fp=% 3-2-6 Qk;j fjiksVZ

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2- [krjukd ?kVuk,a% ,slh [krjukd ?kVuk,a] tks ,d vkx ds pyrs gksrh gSa] os çkfèkdkfj;ksa dks vo';
fjiksVZ dh tkuh pkfg,A ,slh fo'ks"k [krjukd ?kVuk,a] tksfd ,d vaMj çs'kj DyksTM flLVe ds Qsy gksus
ds pyrs ?kfVr gksrh gSa] muesa e`R;q dk dkj.k cuus dh laHkkouk gksrh gSA
,d bysfDVªdy 'kkWVZ lfdZV ;k vksojyksM ds pyrs yxh vkx] ftlls gksrk gS%
l 24 ?kaVs ds fy, #dkoV ¼stoppage½ gksuk ;k]
l e`R;q dk dkj.k cuus dh laHkkouk gS]
l nq?kZVuk,a] ftuesa foLQksVd 'kkfey gSa]
l bLrseky ds nkSjku ;k bLrseky ls rqjar igys VsLV ds nkSjku ,d czhfnax ,sijSVl dk Qsy gksuk]
l fdlh lkexzh ds pyrs gksus okyk foLQksV ;k yxus okyh vkx] ftlls 24 ?kaVs ls vfèkd le; ds
fy, lkekU; dke&dkt can ;k fuyafcr gksrk gSA

lkjka'k
l vkx ds fofHkUu çdkj gSa: clas A, B, C, D, E, K
l fofHkUu çdkj ds vfXu'kked gSa: ikuh ds vfXu'kked] Mªkb dsfedy ikmMj] Q+kse Vkbi bfDLVaxfXo'kj]
dkcZu MkbZ&vkDlkbM] Lis'ky Mªkb ikmMjA
l ,d vfXu'kked dk bLrseky djus dk rjhdk gS] PASS dk ikyu djukA PASS ,sØfue gS: fiu dks pull
dhft, ¼P½] aim ¼A½] squeeze ¼S½ vkSj sweep ¼S½A
l ,d ykbfV~uax LVªkbd ¼lightning strike½ okrkoj.k ls fctyh dk cgqr vfèkd fMLpktZ gksrk gS]
ftlesa tehu rd bysfDVªdy pktZ mRiUu gks tkrk gSA
l vkx dks Þ,d eSVsfj;y ;k inkFkZ ds rhoz v‚Dlhdj.kß ds :i ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ngu
ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
l foLQksV] ,d çdkj dh vkx gh gksrk gS] ysfdu blesa ngu bruh rsth ls gksrk gS fd vksoj&çs'kj
¼foLQksV½ uke dk ,d çHkko NksM+rk gSA
l FkeZy jsMh,s'ku] ,d lzksr ls nwljs lzksr dks ghV dk VªkalQj gksrk gSA
l tc Hkh ,d æo ,d Bksl pht ij pyrk gS] tSls fd ,d ikbi ds vanj] rks ;g LVSfVd bysfDVªdy
pktZ mRiUu djrk gSA
l LVSfVd pktZsl dks fu;af=r djus ds rjhds ,aVh& LVSfVd ,sfMfVOl gksrs gSaA ckfUMax vkSj xzkmafMax
rduhd LVSfVd bysfDVªflVh ds fcYM& vi ls fpaxkfj;ksa ds cuus ds tksf[ke dks de djus dk ,d cgqr
çHkkoh mik; gSaA
l mRikn dk dksbZ Hkh fjlko ¼yhd½ iwjh rjg ls vokafNr gSA ysfdu] ;fn fjlko gks Hkh tkrk gS] rks mls
fMVsDV djus vkSj fu;af=r djus ds fy, vkSj@;k blds fdlh Hkh nq"ifj.kke ls fucVus ds fy, i;kZIr
flLVEl ekStwn gksus pkfg,A
l èkweziku lkexzh] okgu] osfYMax] xzkbfUMax] bysDVªks&LVSfVd fMLpktZ çToyu ds dqN lzksr gksrs gSaA
l [krjukd {ks=ksa dk t+ksUl ¼zones½ esa oxÊdj.k fd;k tkrk gSA
l t+ksu 0 ,slk {ks= gS] ftlesa ,d foLQksVd xSl okrkoj.k yxkrkj ;k yacs le; ds fy, mifLFkr jgrk
gSA

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(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

l t+ksu 1 og {ks= gS] ftlesa lkekU; dke&dkt ds nkSjku foLQksVd xSl okrkoj.k ds mRiUu gksus dh
laHkkouk gksrh gSA
l t+ksu 2 og {ks= gS] ftlesa lkekU; dke&dkt ds nkSjku foLQksVd xSl okrkoj.k ds ugha mRiUu gksus dh
laHkkouk gSA ;fn og mRiUu gksrk Hkh gS] rks og flQZ ,d FkksM+s le; ds fy, gh mifLFkr jgrk gSA
l Qk;j ls¶+Vh VsfDu'kal dks bUVhjhvj LVªDpjy Qk;jQkbfVax lçs'ku ¼interior structural fire
suppression½ nkf;Roksa dks fuHkkrs le; bLrseky ds fy, LVªDpjy Qk;jQkbfVax PPE miyCèk djk, tkus
pkfg,A
l v‚u&lkbV bZetZUlh Iyku esa v‚U'kksj vkSj v‚¶'kksj nksuksa çdkj dh bULVyS'kal 'kkfey gksrh gSaA
l vkikrdkyhu ;kstukvksa dh lkexzh esa bZetZUlh dh fuxjkuh djus okys yksxksa ds nkf;Ro vkSj çkfèkdkj]
?kVukvksa ds çdkj vkSj vykeZ flLVEl vkfn 'kkfey gksus pkfg,A
l ,d ^vfXu vkSj foLQksV j.kuhfr* mu mik;ksa dk la;kstu ¼combination½ gksrh gS tks vkx yxus ;k
foLQksV gksus ij dfeZ;ksa dks gksus okys tksf[keksa dks de djrh gSA
l bZetZUlh 'kVMkmu okYOl ¼ESDVs½ dks Qk;jçwQ dsflax ds lkFk bUDykst+~M ¼enclosed½ fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A
l lHkh bUDyks'klZ] ftuesa gkml jksVsfVax bfDoIeUV vkSj bysfDVªdy MªkbOl yxh gksrh gSa] muesa osjh bZyÊ
Leksd fMVsD'ku ,sijSVl ¼very early smoke detection apparatus & VESDA½ fQV gksus pkfg,A
l lh ykbal ¼sea lines½ vkSj osYl ¼wells½ esa lc&lh vkblksys'ku okYOl ¼SSIVS½ fQV gksus pkfg,A
l tgka Hkh ;Fkksfpr gks] ogka gkbZ bUVsfxzVh ikbiykbu çksVsD'ku flLVEl ¼High integrity pipeline
protection systems & HIPPS½ fQV fd, tkus pkfg,A
l v‚U'kksj vykeZ flXuy ,d okfuZax lkbju ds eè;e ls fn;k tkrk gS] ftldh vkokt lkbV vkSj mlds
vkl&ikl ds {ks= esa lHkh yksxksa }kjk lquus ds fy, i;kZIr gksrh gSA
l ;g irk yxkus ds ckn fd ?kVukvksa dk ,d fuf'pr Øe D;ksa gqvk] fofHkUu laHkkfor lg;ksxh dkjdksa dks
è;ku esa j[kuk t:jh gSA ;s dkjd dke] yksxksa] laxBu] lacafèkr midj.kksa vkSj i;kZoj.k ls tqM+s gksrs gSaA
l fdlh Hkh çfrdwy ?kVuk ds rRdkyhu] vaMjykbfuax ¼js[kkafdr½ vkSj ewy dkj.kksa ls tqM+h tkudkjh
;FkklaHko vfèkdkfèkd lzksrksa ls bdëk dh tkuh pkfg,A
l dksbZ Hkh O;fäxr pksV] [krjukd ?kVuk tksfd ,d vkx ds ifj.kkeLo:i ?kfVr gksrh gS] og çkfèkdkfj;ksa
dks vo'; fjiksVZ dh tkuh pkfg,A

vH;kl
1- ;g fdldk nkf;Ro gS fd lkbju lqukbZ ns vkSj bldk D;k vFkZ gS\
a) ekuo lalkèku b) lkbV çcaèku
c) dkfeZd çcaèku d) vke turk
2- vkW¶'kksj vykeZ flLVe esa nks çdkj ds vykElZ gksrs gSa] os gSa –
a) tujy v‚ucksMZ vykeZ] ilZusy IysVQ+‚eZ vykeZ
b) tujy IysVQ+‚eZ vykeZ] ilZusy v‚ucksMZ vyke
c) IysVQ+‚eZ vykeZ] ilZusy v‚ucksMZ vykeZ
d) v‚ucksMZ vykeZ] ilZusy cksMZ vykeZ
3- ckgj fudyus dk iwjk jkLrk ----------------------------ds lkFk Li"V :i ls ekdZ fd;k gqvk gksuk pkfg,A
a) ladsr b) ykbV~l
c) isafVaXl d) mijksä lHkh

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fVIif.k;ka

92
4. ,d Vhe esa çHkkoh
<ax ls dke djuk
;wfuV 4-1 ,d Vhe esa çHkkoh <ax ls dke djuk

,pokbZlh@,u 9301
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

lh[kus ds eq[; ifj.kke

bl ekWMîwy ds var esa] çfrHkkxh l{ke gksaxs%
1- laokn dkS'kyksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ djus esaA
2- ejhtksa dks gSaMy djus esa VheodZ vkSj laokn dh Hkwfedk crkus esaA

94
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(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

;wfuV 4-1 ,d Vhe esa çHkkoh <ax ls dke djuk

;wfuV ds mís';
bl ;wfuV ds var esa] çfrHkkxh l{ke gksaxs%
1- çHkkoh laokn ds egRo dh igpku djus esaA
2- çHkkoh laokn ds fy, t:jh dkS'kyksa ¼skills½ dks crkus esaA
3- çHkkoh laokn esa vkus okys cSfj;lZ dh igpku djus esaA
4- ,d Vhe esa çHkkoh rjhds ls dke dSls djsa] ;g crkus esaA

4-1-1 çHkkoh laokn ¼Effective communication½

çHkkoh laokn fopkjksa] lksp] Kku vkSj tkudkjh ds bl rjg ls vknku&çnku dh çfØ;k gksrh gS fd blds mís';
;k vafre y{; dh loZJs"B rjhds ls çkfIr gks tk,A lkekU; 'kCnksa esa] blesa çs"kd ¼lsaMj½ }kjk fopkjksa dks bl
rjg ls çLrqr fd;k tkrk gS fd fjlhoj ¼çkIrdrkZ½ mUgsa lcls vPNh rjg ls le> ldsA
ge dg ldrs gSa fd mlesa lkekU; rkSj ij 'kkfey gksrs gSa%
l lsaMj% lans'k ¼eSlst½ Hkstdj laokn çfØ;k dks 'kq: djus okyk O;fäA
l fjlhoj% og O;fä] ftls eSlst igqapk;k tkuk gSA
çHkkoh laokn dh fo'ks"krk,a
dsoy ,d eSlst igqapkuk gh i;kZIr ugha gS( blls lsaMj ds mís'; dh iwfrZ gksuh pkfg,A bl ckr dks è;ku esa
j[krs gq, vkb, mu ewy ckrksa ij ppkZ djrs gSa] tksfd ,d laokn dks çHkkoh cukrh gSaA

laf{kIr
iwjk eSlst
eSlst foÜoluh;rk

lgh çkIrdrkZ
eSlst dk è;ku
j[kuk
çHkkoh
Li"V laokn dh lsaMj dh
eSlst 'kkyhurk
fo'ks"krk,a

fp=% 4-1-1 çHkkoh laokn

l Li"V eSlst% lsaMj] tks eSlst nsuk pkgrk gS] og lkekU; ,oa le>us esa vklku vkSj viuk vFkZ cuk,
j[kus ds fy, O;ofLFkr rjhds ls Ýse fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

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l lgh eSlst% og tkudkjh ftldk laokn fd;k tkuk gS] og fdlh Hkh ek;us esa vLi"V ;k xyr ugha gksuh
pkfg,( eSlst =qfV;ksa vkSj O;kdj.k lacaèkh xyfr;ksa ls eqä gksuk pkfg,A
l iwjk eSlst% laokn fu.kZ; ysus ¼decision making½ dk vkèkkj gksrk gSA ;fn lwpuk viw.kZ gS] rks blls
xyr fu.kZ; fy, tk ldrs gSaA
l laf{kIr eSlst% eSlst ls vklkuh ls lhèks rkSj ij vFkZ fudkyus vkSj okafNr dne mBkus ds fy, Hkstk
tkus okyk eSlst NksVk vkSj laf{kIr gksuk pkfg,A
l foÜoluh;rk% lsaMj viuh vksj ls fuf'par gksuk pkfg, fd og tks dqN Hkh Hkst jgk gS] og mldh viuh
tkudkjh ds vuqlkj lgh gSA fjlhoj dks Hkh lsaMj ij foÜokl gksuk pkfg, fd og Hksts x, eSlst ij
Hkjkslk dj ldrk gSA
l çkIrdrkZ dk è;ku j[kuk% laokn vkSj nwljh fQft+dy lsfVaXl dk ekè;e fjlhoj ds utfj,] Hkk"kk] Kku]
'kS{kf.kd Lrj vkSj fLFkfr ds vuqlkj Iyku fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
l lsaMj dh 'kkyhurk% Mªk¶V fd;s x, eSlst ls lsaMj ds fjlhoj ds çfr uezrk] 'kkyhurk vkSj lEeku
>ydus pkfg,A

çHkkoh laokn ds dkS'ky

,d eSlst dks çHkkoh rjhds ls çsf"kr djuk ,d dyk ds lkFk&lkFk fujarj vH;kl djus vkSj vuqHko gkfly
djus ds ckn fodflr fd;k x;k ,d dkS'ky Hkh gSA ,d çHkkoh laokn çfØ;k ds fy, iwoZ&fuèkkZfjr ;ksX;rk,a
bl çdkj gSa:
l è;ku nsuk% vfèkd ls vfèkd Kku vkSj tkudkjh xzg.k djus ds fy, ,d O;fä ds ikl è;ku nsus
¼observance½ dk dkS'ky gksuk pkfg,A
l Li"Vrk vkSj laf{kIrrk% eSlst dks lkekU; 'kCnksa esa cuk;k tkuk pkfg,] vkSj fjlhoj ij okafNr vlj
NksM+us ds fy, ;g Li"V ,oa laf{kIr gksuk pkfg,A
l lquuk vkSj le>uk% ,d vPNk] lrdZ vkSj èkS;Zoku lquus okyk gksuk ,d O;fä dh lcls egRoiw.kZ
;ksX;rk gksrh gSA og eSlst dks vPNh rjg ls le>us vkSj mldk eryc fudkyus esa l{ke gksuk pkfg,A
l beks'kuy baVsfytsal ¼Emotional intelligence½% ,d O;fä HkkoukRed :i ls tkx:d gksuk pkfg,
vkSj mlds ikl nwljs yksxksa dks van:uh rjhds ls çHkkfor djus dh {kerk gksuh pkfg,A
l [kqn dh {kerkvksa ij Hkjkslk% laokn ds mís';ksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, O;fä dks [kqn ij vkSj viuh {kerkvksa
ij Hkjkslk gksuk pkfg,A
l vkRe&foÜokl% ;g laokn {kerk ds fy, lcls egRoiw.kZ xq.kksa esa ls ,d gksrk gSA vkRe&foÜokl Hksts tk
jgs eSlst dh foÜoluh;rk dks c<+krk gSA
l lEekutud gksuk% ,d eSlst dks uezrk ds lkFk Hkstuk vkSj fjlhoj ds ewY;ksa] foÜoklksa] ekU;rkvksa ,oa
fopkjksa ds çfr lEeku O;ä djuk çHkkoh laokn dk lkj gksrk gSA
l ukWu&ocZy ¼xSj&ekSf[kd½ laokn% fjlhoj ls csgrj rjhds ls dusDV djus ds fy, lsaMj dks laokn ds
u‚u&ocZy ekè;eksa dks Hkh 'kkfey djuk pkfg,A blesa Hkko&Hkafxek,a] psgjs ds gko&Hkko] vkbZ dkUVSDV
¼eye contact½] ikLpj ¼posture½ vkfn 'kkfey gksrs gSaA
l lgh ekè;e dk p;u% laokn ds fy, lgh ekè;e dk p;u djuk vius&vki esa ,d dkS'ky gksrk gSA
ifjfLFkfr] eSlst dh çkFkfedrk] fjlhoj ds –f"Vdks.k vkfn ds vuqlkj leqfpr ekè;e dk p;u djuk
t:jh gSA
l QhMcSd nsuk% çHkkoh laokn ges'kk ,d nks&rjQk çfØ;k gksrh gSA ,d O;fä dks QhMcSd vo'; nsuh
pkfg,A lkFk gh] nwljs O;fä ds utfj, dks le>us ds fy, QhMcSd ysuh Hkh pkfg,A

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çHkkoh laokn esa vkus okys cSfj;lZ ¼vojksèk½

dqN ,slh #dkoVsa gksrh gSa] tks dHkh&dHkh laokn çfØ;k esa ckèkk Mkyrh gSaA blls laokn lsaMj vkSj fjlhoj nksuksa
ds fy, gh de çHkkoh gks tkrk gSA ;s cSfj;lZ rhu lewgksa esa ckaVs x, gSaA vkb, buds ckjs esa foLrkj ls le>rs gSa%

• Hkk"kk
• vO;ofLFkr lans'k
'kCnksa ds pyrs vkus okys • vLi"Vrk vkSj diksy&dYiukvksa dh vfèkdrk
cSfj;lZ • lwpukvksa dh vfèkdrk
çHkkoh laokn esa • utfj, ¼a�tude½ esa varj
yksxksa dh i`"BHkwfe ds • MsexzSfQd ¼tukafdd½ esa varj
vkus okys cSfj;j • lkekU; vuqHko ;k lksp dh deh
pyrs vkus okys cSfj;lZ
¼vojksèk½ • fu"d"kZ ij igqapuk

• utfj, ¼a�tude½ esa varj

fQft+dy cSfj;lZ • MsexzSfQd ¼tukafdd½ esa varj
• lkekU; vuqHko ;k lksp dh deh

fp=% 4-1-2 çHkkoh laokn esa vkus okys cSfj;lZ ¼vojksèk½

'kCnksa ds pyrs vkus okys cSfj;lZ

'kCn] laokn çfØ;k esa ,d csgn egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA eSlst dks çLrqr djus esa fdlh Hkh ckèkk ;k fod"kZ.k
¼distraction½ ls xyr lans'k Hkh tk ldrk gSA laokn ds nkSjku 'kCnksa ls tqM+s fofHkUu çdkj ds cSfj;lZ uhps
fn, x, gSa:
l Hkk"kk% ;g laokn dk ekè;e gksrh gSA ;fn lsaMj rduhdh 'kCnksa dk t:jr ls vfèkd bLrseky dj dj
jgk gS] rks blls fjlhoj dks eSlst dks Li"V :i ls le>us esa dfBukbZ gksxhA
l vLi"Vrk vkSj diksy&dYiukvksa ¼abstractions½ dh vfèkdrk% eSlst] ;fn cgqr vfèkd èkkj.kkvksa ds
lkFk vokLrfod ;k vfuf'pr ;k vLi"V lanHkksZa esa çLrqr fd;k tkrk gS] rks fjlhoj eSlst ds fopkj ds
lkFk lgh rjhds ls dusDV djus esa l{ke ugha gksxkA
l vO;ofLFkr eSlst% tc 'kCnksa dks ,d çHkkoh eSlst cukus ds fy, laxfBr :i ls O;ofLFkr ugha fd;k
tkrk gS] rks og eSlst viuh mi;ksfxrk vkSj vFkZ [kks nsrk gSA
l lwpukvksa dh vfèkdrk% tc ,d O;fä yacs le; rd cksyuk tkjh j[krk gS] rks laokn dh çHkko'khyrk
de gks tkrh gSA blls fjlhoj Fkd tkrk gS vkSj tks dqN Hkh dgk tk jgk gS] og ml lcdk VªSd ugha
j[kk ikrk gSA

yksxksa dh i`"BHkwfe ds pyrs vkus okys cSfj;lZ

laL—fr] 'kS{kf.kd Lrj] fyax vkfn ds vkèkkj ij yksx vyx&vyx i`"BHkwfe;ksa ls lacafèkr gksrs gSaA ;s lHkh
fo'ks"krk,a laokn çfØ;kvksa dks çHkkfor djrh gSaA buesa ;s lacafèkr ckèkk,a 'kkfey gksrh gSa:
l utfj, ¼attitude½ esa varj% dHkh&dHkh] tc yksxksa ds ikl fdlh fo'ks"k eqís ds ckjs esa muds dqN
iwoZ&fuèkkZfjr fopkj gksrs gSa] rks os nwljs fopkjksa dks le>us ;k vius fopkj cnyus dk çfrjksèk djrs gSaA
mudk utfj;k laokn ds mís'; dh çkfIr esa ckèkk Mkyrk gSA
l MsexzSfQd ¼Demographic & tukafdd½ esa varj% mez] ih<+h] fyax] Lrj ¼status½] ijaijkvksa vkfn esa
varjA blls yksxksa dh le> ds chp esa varj iSnk gksrk gS] ftlls laokn dh çfØ;k esa ckèkk vkrh gSA

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l lkekU; vuqHko ;k lksp dh deh% fdlh O;fä dk vuqHko phtksa dks ,d fo'ks"k rjhds ls ns[kus esa muds
utfj, dks fodflr djrk gSA ;g utfj;k O;fä ls O;fä ij fuHkZj djrk gSA blfy,] ,d fjlhoj dks
,d lsaMj ds vuqHko ;k fopkjksa ls esy [kkus esa dfBukbZ gksrh gS] D;ksafd og [kqn 'kk;n bl voLFkk ls
ugha xqtjk gksA
l fu"d"kZ ij igqapuk% dqN yksxksa esa nwljksa dks lquus ds fy, èkS;Z dh deh gksrh gS vkSj os laokn ds nkSjku
gh fu"d"kZ ij igqap tkrs gSaA blls eSlst dk mís'; gh utjankt gks tkrk gSA

fQft+dy cSfj;lZ
bu cSfj;lZ dk çR;{k vuqHko gks ldrk gS] ysfdu buls futkr ikus esa dfBukbZ vkrh gSA buesa 'kkfey gSa%
l fQft+dy nwjh% tc yksx yach nwjh ij laokn djrs gSa] rks os laokn ds u‚u&ocZy igyw ls oafpr gks tkrs
gSa] D;ksafd blesa fjlhoj ds ladsrksa vkSj Hkko&Hkafxekvksa dk eryc ugha fudkyk tk ldrk gSA
l 'kksj% okrkoj.k ;k laokn ç.kkyh esa dHkh&dHkh dqN vokafNr 'kksj 'kkfey gks tkrs gSa] ftlls laokn dh
çfØ;k esa O;oèkku iM+rk gS vkSj og vçHkkoh gks tkrh gSA
l 'kkjhfjd euksoSKkfud cSfj;lZ% çHkkoh laokn esa vkus okys lcls lkekU; cSfj;lZ esa ls ,d gS] blesa
'kkfey yksxksa dh 'kkjhfjd v{kerkA tSls& Jo.k ¼lquus esa½ v{kerk] [kjkc –f"V] gdykuk vkfnA
blfy,] ge dg ldrs gSa fd laokn dk egRoiw.kZ mís'; fjlhoj dks bl rjg ls lwpuk nsuk gS fd ;g viuk
egRo ugha [kks,A lkFk gh] eSlst viuh 'kq)re voLFkk esa fjlho gksuk pkfg,A

4-1-2 lqijokbtj ds lkFk laokn

vkids lqijokbtj ds lkFk vPNk laokn j[kuk vki nksuksa yksxksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA vius lqijokbtj ds
lkFk laokn djrs le; 5 egRoiw.kZ igyw ;kn j[kus pkfg,a:
l vki fn'kk&funZs'kksa dk ikyu djus esa l{ke gksus pkfg,aA
l vkidks loky iwNuk vkuk pkfg,A
l vkidks vius dke ls tqM+h leL;kvksa vkSj muds urhtksa dks fjiksVZ djuk pkfg,A
l vkidks eSlst dks lgh ls fjd‚MZ djuk pkfg, vkSj mUgsa vius lqijokbtj dks nsuk pkfg,A
l vkidks vius dke ds çn'kZu ij fopkj&foe'kZ djus dh t:jr gSA
fn'kk&funZs'kksa dk gj le; ikyu djuk egRoiw.kZ gS] [kklrkSj ij vkidh çf'k{k.k vofèk ds nkSjkuA vkids
lqijokbtj ;g ns[k jgs gksaxs fd vki bu fn'kk&funZs'kksa dks fdrus csgrj rjhds ls ikyu djrs gSaA fn'kk&funZs'kksa
dk lgh ls ikyu djus ds fy, vius foosd dk bLrseky djsaA
l ,dkxzrk% viuk è;ku lqijokbtj ij dsafær djsaA 'kksj vkSj ewoesaV ls viuk è;ku HkVdus ugha nsaA
l lqfu,% tks 'kCn cksys tk jgs gSa] mu ij è;ku nsaA ;fn vki dksbZ vifjfpr 'kCn ;k 'kCnkoyh lqurs
gSa] rks Li"Vrk ekaxsaA 'kkjhfjd Hkk"kk] vkokt esa mrkj&p<+ko vkSj ladsrksa dks i<+uk Hkh lquus esa 'kkfey
gksrk gSA ;fn ;g u‚u&ocZy laokn my>kus okyk gS] rks tks dqN Hkh vki le> ugha ik jgs gSa] ml ij
lqijokbtj ls Li"Vhdj.k ekafx,aA

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l nsf[k,% ,d dke dSls fd;k tkrk gS] bldk dHkh&dHkh lqijokbtj [kqn çn'kZu djrk gSA ;fn t:jr
iM+rh gS] rks tc rd vki iwjh rjg ls le> ugha tk,a] rc rd lqijokbtj ls çfØ;k nksgjkus ds fy,
dfg,A dHkh&dHkh dksbZ dke çn'kZu djus ds fy, dqN T;knk gh tfVy ;k le;&ysus okyk gks ldrk
gSA ,sls ekeyksa esa vkidks 'kk;n lkekU; fn'kk&funZs'k gh feysaxsA ;fn dqN ,sls C;kSjs gSa ftUgsa vki le>
ugha ik jgs gSa] rks dke dks tkjh j[kus ds fy, ekxZn'kZu ekafx,A
l ç'u iwfN,% lquus vkSj ns[kus ds ckn ç'u iwfN,A ,d vPNk lqijokbtj vkidks ç'u iwNus ds fy,
çksRlkfgr djsxkA ç'u iwNuk ,d xyrh djus ls vPNk gS D;ksafd vki le> ugha ik, FksA
l fy[kuk% tks fn'kk&funZs'k vkidks feys gSa] muds ckjs esa ;kn j[kus ;ksX; dqN egRoiw.kZ fcanq ,d NksVh
uksVcqd esa fy[k yhft,A tc vkids lqijokbtj dqN cksy jgs gSa ;k çnf'kZr dj jgs gSa] ml le; dqN
er fyf[k,A ,slk] fn'kk&funZs'k nsus ds nkSjku chp esa feyus okys czsd ds nkSjku dhft,A
l dhft,% vius lqijokbtj dh vuqefr ls dke dks dhft,A lqfuf'pr dhft, fd vkius dke iwjk dj
fy;k gSA vkStkjksa dks dk;ZLFky ls nwj j[kuk vkSj vius dk;ZLFky dks lkQ djuk Hkh blesa 'kkfey gSA
vius dke dks vkaf'kd :i ls iwjk gqvk er NksfM+,A

4-1-3 dk;ZLFky ij vius y{;ksa dks gkfly dhft,

dk;ZLFky ij vius y{; fuèkkZfjr djus ls vkidks O;fäxr vkSj is'ksoj lQyrk gkfly djus esa enn feyrh
gSA le;lhek fuèkkZfjr djus ls vius y{; dh vksj dne mBkdj vkidks viuh Hkwfedk esa mR—"V çn'kZu djus
vkSj vius dSfj;j dks vkxs c<+kus esa enn feyrh gSA
dk;ZLFky ij y{; gkfly djus dk D;k egRo gS\
y{; fuèkkZfjr djuk egRoiw.kZ gksrk gS D;ksafd ;g vkidks ;g fuèkkZfjr djus esa enn djrk gS fd vkidks vius
O;fäxr dSfj;j vkSj viuh daiuh ds y?kqdkyhu vkSj nh?kZdkyhu y{;ksa dks gkfly djus ds fy, dSls vkxs
c<+uk pkfg,A os vkidks vius dkS'ky esa lqèkkj djus] u, dkS'ky lh[kus ;k viuh ftEesnkfj;ksa dks c<+kus ds çfr
çksRlkfgr dj ldrs gSaA dk;ZLFkyh; y{; fuèkkZfjr djus vkSj mUgsa gkfly djus ls daiuh çcaèku dks Hkh fn[kkbZ
iM+rk gS fd vki laxBu dh lQyrk ds çfr lefiZr gSaA dk;ZLFkyh; y{; fuèkkZfjr djus ds dqN ykHk gSa:
l os vkidks ,d fn'kk nsrs gSa% ,d vPNh ;kstuk ds lkFk fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k y{; vkidks og fn'kk nsrk
gS] ftldh vkidks t:jr gS ;k ftl vksj vki tkuk pkgrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn vki fdlh fnu
,d lsYl eSustj cuuk pkgrs gSa] rks bl y{; dks gkfly djus ds fy, vkidks dkSu ls dne mBkus gSa]
bl y{; dks foLrkj ls fy[kus ls vkidks 'kq: ls gh vius y{; dh vksj dke djuk 'kq: djus esa enn
fey ldrh gSA
l os vkidks VªSd ij cuk, j[krs gSa% ,d fof'k"V y{; vkidks ,d dke ;k çkstsDV dks iwjk djus ds fy,
,d Bksl ;kstuk çnku djrk gSA çsfjr cus jgus esa enn ds fy, vki vDlj vius y{; dh vksj ns[k
ldrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ;fn vkidks u, deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, ,d Vªsfuax xkbM fy[kuh gS] rks vki
bl y{; dks gkfly djus dh le;lhek dks jkstkuk ;k lIrkg esa ,d ckj ns[k ldrs gSaA ;g fjekbaMj
¼;kn fnykus okyk½ vkidks viuh MsMykbu ¼vafre rkjh[k½ gkfly djus esa enn djrk gSA
l os cM+s çkstsDV~l dks vklku cukrs gSa% vki vius y{;ksa dks NksV&
s NksVs dkeksa esa ckaV ldrs gksA blls vki ,d
cM+s çkstDs V dks ns[kdj ?kcjk,axs ughaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ,d iwjh Vªfs uax xkbM fy[kuk csgn dfBu yx
ldrk gSA ysfdu ;fn vki xkbM ds ,d lsD'ku dks jkstkuk ;k lIrkg esa fy[kus dk y{; fuèkkZfjr djrs
gS]a rks vki cM+s dke dh çxfr ns[krs jgsx a s vkSj vkius eglwl fd;k gS fd vkius dqN gkfly fd;k gSA

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l os le; ds çcaèku esa enn djrs gSaA tc vkids ikl ,d dke dh vafre rkjh[k gksrh gS] rks çkstsDV ds
gj Qsl ds fy, fof'k"V y{; fuèkkZfjr djus ls vki dke dks le; ij lekIr djrs gSa vkSj fod"kZ.kksa
¼distractions½ dks nwj djrs gSaA

y{; dSls gkfly djsa

vius dSfj;j dks vkxs c<+kus ;k viuh Hkwfedk esa lQy gksus ds fy, t:jh dk;ZLFkyh; y{;ksa dks fuèkkZfjr djus
,oa mUgsa gkfly djus ds fy, bu dneksa dks mBk,a:
1- ,sls y{; fuèkkZfjr djsa] tks vkidks çsj.kk nsa% dk;ZLFkyh; y{; fuèkkZfjr djrs le; ,sls y{; pqusa] tks
vkidks çsj.kk nsaA ,sls dk;ksZa ;k miyfCèk;ksa ds ckjs esa lkspsa] tks vkids dSfj;j dks vkxs c<+k,axs ;k vkids
thou ewY;ksa ls esy [kk,axsA bu y{;ksa dks gkfly djus dh vkidh bPNk vkidks mRlkfgr cus jgus vkSj
mUgsa gkfly djus ds fy, dke djus esa enn djsaxsA
vius y{;ksa dks iwjk djus esa [kqn dks çsfjr djus ds fy, vki bukeksa dk Hkh bLrseky dj ldrs gSaA
viuh çxfr dk t'u eukus dk ,d flLVe fodflr dhft,] tSls ,d czsd ysuk ;k fnu ds nkSjku ,d
NksVk y{; gkfly djus ds ckn LuSd ysuk] vFkok cM+s y{;ksa dks gkfly djus ds ckn fdlh lekjksg esa
tkuk ;k Nqfê;ka eukukA
2- vius y{; fyf[k,% ,d isij] ,d dSyaMj ;k ,d daI;wVj ij y{;ksa dks fy[kus ls mUgsa etcwrh fey
ldrh gS vkSj ;g vkidks mUgsa gkfly djus dh fn'kk esa dke djus ds fy, ,d fotqvy ¼visual½
fjekbaMj çnku djrk gSA fyf[kr y{; vDlj mu rd igqapus vkSj ns[kus dk volj nsrs gSaA vius y{;
gkfly djus dh 'kq#vkr esa gj y{; dks fyf[k, vkSj mu rd igqapus ds fy, ,d ;kstuk ,oa le;lhek
cukb,A
3- LekVZ ¼SMART½ y{;ksa dk bLrseky dhft,% LekVZ y{; xksy fuèkkZfjr djus dk ,d rjhdk gksrk gS] tks
mUgsa VªSd djuk vkSj gkfly djuk vklku cukrk gSA bl rjhds dk bLrseky vkids y{;ksa dks ifjHkkf"kr
djus vkSj mUgsa gkfly djus ds fy, ;kstuk cukus gsrq Li"V fn'kk,a nsrk gSA ,d LekVZ y{; ds va'k gSa%
l fof'k"V ¼Specific½% y{;&fuèkkZj.k çfØ;k dk ;g Hkkx y{; çkfIr dh lQyrk ds fy, csgn
egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA y{;ksa dks ,d vPNh rjg ls ifjHkkf"kr vkSj Li"V rjhds ls fyf[k,] rkfd vki ;k
dk;ZLFky ij dksbZ vU; O;fä mUgsa vklkuh ls le> ldsA ges'kk laf{kIr dk;Z 'kCnksa dk bLrseky
djsaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] ÞlsYl esa c<+ksÙkjhß ;k Þçeks'ku vftZr djukß vLi"V y{; gSa] ysfdu Þbl
eghus lsYl 10% c<+kb,ß ;k Þbl lky ds var rd lgk;d çcaèkd cfu,ß fof'k"V y{; gSaA mudh
Li"Vrk mUgsa gkfly djus ds fy, vklku cukrh gSA
l ekius ;ksX; ¼measurable½% vius y{; fuèkkZfjr djrs le; la[;k] rkjh[k vkSj nwljs oLrqfu"B
ekunaMksa dk bLrseky dhft,] rkfd vki viuh çxfr dks eki vkSj ns[k ldsaA
l iw.kZ djus ;ksX; ¼achievable½% tc vki ,d y{; fuèkkZfjr djsa] rks ns[ksa fd D;k ;g O;ogk;Z
¼feasible½ gSA nsf[k, fd ,d dke dks iwjk djus ds fy, vkids ikl gj fnu] lIrkg vkSj eghus
fdruk le; gSA vius y{; dks gkfly djus ds fy, ,d okLrfodrk ij vkèkkfjr ¼realistic½
;kstuk cukb,A bl ckr dks ysdj fuf'par gksa fd y{; dks gkfly djus ds fy, vkids ikl çf'k{k.k]
ekè;e vkSj lalkèku gSaA
l çklafxd ¼relevant½% tc vki y{;ksa dks gkfly djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs gSa] [kklrkSj ij vius
dk;ZLFky ij] rks ;s y{; vkids dSfj;j vkSj ftl fn'kk esa vki tkuk pkgrs gSa] muls esy [kkus
pkfg,aA dke esa viuh {kerkvksa ,oa ;ksX;rkvksa vkSj fo'ks"kKrkvksa dks lef>,] vkSj y{;ksa dks muls
çklafxd cukb,A
l le;&c) ¼Time-bound½% LekVZ y{;ksa ds ekius ;ksX; igyw dh rjg] vkids ikl gj y{; dks
gkfly djus ds fy, ,d Li"V le;lhek gksuh pkfg,A ,d çkstsDV dks dc lekIr djus dh t:jr

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 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

gS] ;g tkuus ls MsMykbu gkfly djus ds fy, iwjs fd, tkus okys lHkh dk;ksZa ij Qksdl djus esa
enn feyrh gSA
4- vius y{;ksa dk le;&le; ij iqueZwY;kadu dhft,% vius y{;ksa dh çxfr dks fu;fer :i ls ns[kuk
egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA ;kstuk dh xgjkbZ ds vkèkkj ij vki mudk çfrfnu] lkIrkfgd] ekfld ;k Nekgh
:i ls iqueZwY;kadu dj ldrs gSaA vius y{; ds lkFk vkxs c<+us ds fy, vkius dkSu ls dne mBk, gSa]
mUgsa nsa[ks vkSj ;fn os lQy gSa] rks mUgsa djuk tkjh j[ksaA ;fn vkidks yxrk gS fd y{; dks gkfly
djuk vkidh ewy ;kstuk ls vfèkd dfBu gS] rks lqèkkj dhft,] rkfd vki viuh çxfr dks vkxs c<+k
ldsaA
mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn vkius ,d daiuh osclkbV ds fy, gj lIrkg 5 Cy‚x iksLV fy[kus dh çfrc)
rk fn[kkbZ gS vkSj vkidks bu y{;ksa dks gkfly djus esa dfBukbZ gks jgh gS] rks lIrkg esa flQZ 4 iksLV
fy[kus dk ç;kl dhft, ;k viuk Ldstwy ¼schedule½ cny nhft,] rkfd vkids ikl fy[kus ds fy,
vfèkd le; gksA viuh Vhe ds lnL;ksa ;k çcaèku ls ckr dhft, vkSj ubZ ;kstuk dh eatwjh yhft,A
5- vius y{;ksa dh vksj vkxs c<+rs jgsa% tSls&tSls vki vius y{;ksa dks gkfly djus dh vksj c<+rs gSa] vki
mUgsa gkfly djus ds mRlkg vkSj leiZ.k dks cuk, j[kuk pkgrs gSaA tc vki vius y{;ksa dks gkfly
dj jgs gSa] rks dqN è;ku j[kus ;ksX; ckrsa uhps nh xbZ gSa
l çfØ;k ds ckjs esa mRlkfgr cus jgsa% os dkj.k ftuds pyrs vkius y{; cuk, Fks] muesa ls ,d Fkk
fd vki ,d cnyko pkgrs FksA vius y{; ds ÞD;ksaß ds çfr mRlkg cuk, j[ksaA ;kstuk dh vksj tks
NksVs&NksVs dne vki mBk jgs gSa] muds çfr ldkjkRed cus jgsaA tc fdlh y{; dks le;&c)
rjhds ls gkfly djsa] rks [kqn dks buke nhft,A
l lg;ksx vkSj çksRlkgu ikb,% vius vkl&ikl ,sls yksxksa dks j[ksa] tks vkidks vius y{; gkfly
djus ds çfr çrkslfgr djrs gksaA ,sls ldkjkRed lg&dfeZ;ksa] nksLrksa] ikfjokfjd lnL;ksa vkSj nwljs
yksxksa ds lkFk le; fcrk,a] tks vki tks gkfly djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs gSa] mlesa foÜokl j[ksaA
mnkj vkSj çksRlkgu nsus okyk ,d 'kCn vkidks vius y{; dks iwjk djus ds çfr vkxs c<+rs jgus dh
çsj.kk ns ldrk gSA
l viuh lQyrk dks lkdkj gksrk gqvk ns[ksa% y{; fuèkkZj.k ds loZJs"B igywvksa esa ls ,d gS] vkf[kj
esa ifj.kkeksa dk vkuan mBkukA ges'kk vius dks lQy gksrk gq, nsf[k, vkSj vius y{;ksa dk bLrseky
dk;ZLFky ij [kqn dks [kq'k j[kus ,oa lQy gksus esa dhft,A

4-1-4 ,d Vhe esa çHkkoh rjhds ls dke djuk

tc fofHkUu Lrj ds dkS'ky vkSj vuqHko ds yksxksa ds feJ.k ls ,d Vhe cukbZ tkrh gS] rks blls vfèkd çHkkoh
,oa vfHkuo ¼innovative½ lekèkku fey ldrs gSa] tksfd fctusl ds fy, ,d vPNh [kcj gSA deZpkjh Hkh fdlh
cM+h pht dk fgLlk cudj vDlj [kq'kh dk vuqHko dj ldrs gSa] ftlls mRikndrk c<+rh gS vkSj LVkQ dh
la[;k esa deh gksrh gSA urhtru] Vhe esa dke djuk ,d egRoiw.kZ xq.k gS] ftls ukSdjh nsus okys ¼employer½
ukSdjh ds mEehnokjksa esa vDlj <wa<rs gSaA blfy, ;g ,d ,slk xq.k gS] ftls vkidks utjankt ugha djuk pkfg,A

VheodZ dks lqèkkjus dh fVIl

nwljs yksxksa ds lkFk dke djuk lkekU; yx ldrk gS] ysfdu ,d Vhe esa dke djuk çHkkoh rjhds ls dke djus
ds fy, ,d tfVy dke gks ldrk gSA ;gka 9 ,slh egRoiw.kZ fVIl nh xbZ gSa] ftudk ikyu vkidks viuh Vhe
ds dke&dkt dks lqèkkjus ds fy, djuk pkfg,:

101
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

1- lgh ekbUM~lsV ¼mindset½ esa vkuk% vdsys dke djus dk eryc gS fd viuk Ldstwy [kqn gh cuk
ldrs gSa vkSj dk;ksZa dks vius rjhds ls dj ldrs gSaA ysfdu ,d Vhe esa vkidks vius fopkj lk>k djus
iM+rs gSa] dke dk odZyksM ckaVuk iM+rk gS vkSj fu.kZ;ksa ds fy, xzqi dh loZ&lEefr ds lkFk tkuk iM+rk
gSA bl cnyko dks le>dj vkSj erHksnksa dks Lohdkj djds vki lgh ekbUM~lsV cuk ldrs gSa vkSj u,
Vhe MkbuSfed ¼dynamic½ ls esy cSBk ldrs gSaA
2- vkils D;k vis{kk,a gSa] bls lef>,% blls igys fd vki dke 'kq: djsa] lqfuf'pr djsa fd vki viuh
Hkwfedk] Vhe esa vkidh ftEesnkfj;ksa] le;&lhekvksa] ,d lkFk dke djus ds fy, lc dSls Iyku djrs
gSa] Vhe D;ksa cukbZ xbZ Fkh] VheodZ dh çfØ;kvksa vkSj ç.kkfy;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk Vhe dk vafre y{; D;k
gS] bu lc ckrksa dks le>saA ,slk djds vki vfèkd çHkkoh rjhds ls ;ksxnku ns ik,axsA
3- viuk 100% ç;kl djsa% nwljs ds ihNs ugha Nqisa ;k Vhe ds nwljs lnL;ksa dks vfèkdrj dke ugha djus
nsaA ftruh dksf'k'k nwljs yksx dj jgs gSa] mruh dksf'k'k djus ds fy, rS;kj jgsa] rkfd vkidks fn, x,
dke dks vki lsV fd, x, VkbeÝse esa gh iwjk dj ldsaA ,d vPNk Vhe Iys;j ;g Hkh è;ku j[krk gS
fd nwljs yksx dc la?k"kZ dj jgs gSa vkSj rc og mudh enn djsxkA urhtru iwjh Vhe csgrj çn'kZu
djsxhA
4- laokn] laokn vkSj laokn% ,d Vhe esa laokn dh Hkwfedk dks utjankt ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g t:jh
gS fd lHkh yksx viuh çxfr lk>k djsa vkSj eqíksa dks tYn mBk,a] rkfd muls fucVk tk ldsA er
Hkwfy, fd laokn flQZ cksyuk ugha gksrk] cfYd blesa nwljksa dks lquuk Hkh gksrk gSA bl Lrj ds [kqys vkSj
bZekunkj laokn ds fcuk leL;kvksa ds lkFk pwd gks ldrh gS vkSj çkstsDV rsth ls ihNs NwV ldrk gSA
5- vius fopkjksa dks lk>k djsa% tc vkidks dksbZ mRlkgtud u;k fopkj feyrk gS] rks vki mls vius c‚l
ds lkFk lk>k djuk pkgrs gSaA ysfdu tc ,d Vhe ds :i esa dke djrs gSa] rks vkidks vius fopkj vkSj
lalkèkuksa dks viuh Vhe ds ckdh lnL;ksa ds lkFk lk>k djuk pkfg,A
6- [kqyk fnekx ¼open mind½ j[ksa% u, vkSj mRlkgtud fopkjksa dh mRifÙk ds fy, ,d Vhe ds :i
esa fopkj&foe'kZ ¼brainstorming½ djuk vPNk jgrk gSA ,d vksj vkidks yx ldrk gS fd vkidk
fopkj loZJs"B gS] ysfdu nwljs yksx ges'kk vkils lger ugha gksaA vki Hkh nwljs yksxksa ds fopkjksa ls
'kk;n lger ugha gksaA ysfdu nwljs yksxksa ds fopkjksa ds çfr dBksj ;k t:jr ls vfèkd udkjkRed ugha
jgsaA bl ckr dks lef>, fd lcdks viuh jk; j[kus dk vfèkdkj gS vkSj ,d Vhe ds :i esa vkidks
loZ&lEefr ds lkFk tkuk pkfg,A
7- ,d&nwljs dks tkfu, % viuh Vhe ds ckdh lnL;ksa dks tkuus ds fy, le; fudkfy,A blls vki lHkh
dks ,d lkFk çHkkoh rjhds ls dke djus esa enn feysxhA ,sls le; Hkh vk,axs tc Vhe ds fdlh lnL;
ls vkidh ugha cus] ysfdu lcds Qk;ns ds fy, ;g t:jh gS fd vki ges'kk is'ksoj cus jgus dh dksf'k'k
djsaA
8- ldkjkRed jgsa% ges'kk f'kdk;r ugha djsa ;k Vhe ds fdlh lnL; ij nks"kkjksi.k ugha djsaA vki lc lkFk
gSaA ;fn vkidks yxrk gS fd fdlh dk eukscy fxj jgk gS] rks tgka Hkh t:jr gks] çksRlkgu nhft,A
viuh Vhe dh miyfCèk;ksa dk t'u eukus dk le; Hkh fudkfy,A ,d T;knk [kq'k vkSj ldkjkRed Vhe
lkFk feydj T;knk vPNs rjhds ls dke djsxh vkSj T;knk csgrj ifj.kke gkfly djsxhA
9- lkeatL; cukus ¼adaptable½ okys jgsa% ,d çkstsDV ij dke djrs le; çns; mRikn ¼deliverable½
cny ldrs gSa] Vhe ds lnL; vk ;k tk ldrs gSa] ;k vkidks dqN vusif{kr ckèkkvksa dk lkeuk djuk
iM+ ldrk gSA vkidks ,d ,slk O;fä gksuk pkfg,] tks ubZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls rsth ls rkyesy cSBk ldsA
blls Vhe dk ,d lkFk çHkkoh rjhds ls dke djuk lqfuf'pr gksxkA

102
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

lkjka'k
l çHkkoh laokn fopkjksa] lksp] Kku vkSj tkudkjh ds bl rjg ls vknku&çnku dh çfØ;k gksrh gS fd blds
mís'; ;k vafre y{; dh loZJs"B rjhds ls çkfIr gks tk,A
l ,d vPNk] lrdZ vkSj èkS;Zoku lquus okyk gksuk ,d O;fä dh lcls egRoiw.kZ ;ksX;rk gksrh gSA
l çHkkoh laokn esa Li"V] lgh] laf{kIr] iwjk vkSj foÜoluh; eSlst dk gksuk tSlh fo'ks"krk,a gksrh gSaA
l u‚u&ocZy laokn esa Hkko&Hkafxek,a] psgjs ds Hkko] vkbZ&dkUVSDV] ikLplZ vkfn gksuk 'kkfey gksrk gSA
l çHkkoh laokn ,d nks&rjQ çfØ;k gksrs gS vkSj QhMcSd nsuk bldk ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkkx gksrk gSA
l Hkk"kk] vLi"Vrk] diksy&dYiukvksa dk t:jr ls vfèkd bLrseky] lwpukvksa dh vfèkdrk tSlh dqN ckèkk,a
dHkh&dHkh laokn çfØ;k esa ckèkk Mkyrh gSaA
l laokn esa 'kkfey yksxksa dh 'kkjhfjd v{kerk 'kkjhfjd cSfj;lZ gksrs gSaA blesa ls dqN gSa% lquus esa v{kerk]
[kjkc –f"V] gdykuk vkfnA
l y{; fuèkkZj.k ls ,d fn'kk feyrh gS vkSj le; çcaèku esa enn feyrh gSA
l LekVZ ¼SMART½ y{;] y{; fuèkkZj.k dk ,d rjhdk gksrk gS] ftlls mUgsa VªSd vkSj gkfly djuk vklku
gksrk gSA
l ,d Vhe esa çHkkoh rjhds ls dke djus ls dk;ZLFky ij vfèkd çHkkoh vkSj vfHkuo lekèkku fudy ldrs gSAa

vH;kl
1- fopkjksa vkSj lwpuk dk Li"V vknku&çnku gksrk gS ..............................................
a) lquuk b) laokn
c) gennÊ d) lkekftd vyxko
2- laokn dh og fo'ks"krk] tc lsaMj viuh vksj ls vo'; fuf'par jguk pkfg, fd tks dqN Hkh og çsf"kr djuk
pkgrk gS] og mldh viuh le> ls lgh gS] dgykrh gS ..................................................
a) lgh lans'k b) iwjk lans'k
c) foÜoluh;rk d) lsaMj dh uezrk
3- yksxksa dh 'kkjhfjd v{kerk çHkkoh laokn djus esa fdl çdkj ds cSfj;lZ yxkrh gS\
a) 'kksj b) 'kkjhfjd cSfj;lZ
c) fQft+dy cSfj;lZ d) HkkoukRed cSfj;lZ
4- LekVZ y{;] y{; fuèkkZj.k dk ,d ,slk rjhdk gksrk gS] tks mUgsa VªSd vkSj gkfly djuk vklku cukrk gSA
SMART ¼LekVZ½ esa S dk D;k vFkZ gS\
a) Sales ¼lsYl & fcØh½ b) Specific ¼fLiflfQd & fof'k"V½
c) Smart ¼LekVZ½ d) Seamless ¼lheysl & lgt½
5- ,d Vhe ds :i esa ------------- djuk u,] vkSj mRlkgtud fopkjksa dh mRifÙk dk ,d 'kkunkj rjhdk gSA
a) fopkj djuk b) ldkjkRed jguk
c) fopkj&foe'kZ djuk d) laokn

103
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

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5. vuqca/k
´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

Øe ekWMîwy i`"B
;wfuV uacj vkSj uke fo"k; dk uke ;wvkj,y D;wvkj dksM
la- la[;k la[;k
1 ekWMîwy 1 ;wfuV 1-1 Hkkjr esa 1-1-4 v‚by 12 https://www.
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MkbjsDVjV ¼Oil watch?v=oCqK-
Industry Safety 7kHBpzg
Directorate & OISD
OISD½ ekunaM Standards
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Classes of fire
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vuq:i dk;Z{ks= dks ifjp; LyIf14
rS;kj djuk
Basic Safety
Rules
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Offshore Oil
Rig Safety
Rules and
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rS;kj djuk Y6mV6ggE
Work Permit
System
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List fire safety
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rS;kj djuk ta8Rw
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nage and their
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How to Inspect
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Ensuring the
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´fid°f·ff¦fe WX`ÔOX¶fbIY

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rS;kj djuk spills and gas 6r1fM
leaks½ Environment
Pollution Oil
Spill

108
 RYf¹fSX ÀfZ×µMXe MXZd¢³fVf³f
(°fZ»f EUÔ ¦f`Àf)

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Impacts of Oil
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Spills
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ls¶+Vh fu;eksa ds i;kZoj.k ij çHkko youtube.com/
vuq:i dk;Z{ks= dks watch?v=AP-
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Effects of oil
spills or gas
leakage
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midj.kksa dk ;a= youtube.com/
bLrseky watch?v=GjSoxJ-
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Types of Fire
Extinguisher
and Their Uses
20 ekWMîwy 3 ;wfuV 3-1 vfXu'keu 3-1-1 vfXu'keu 76 https://www.
midj.kksa dk ;a= youtube.com/
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Different
type of Fire
Extinguishers
& their uses

109
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Different Types
Of Fire Fight-
ing Equipment
22 ekWMîwy 3 ;wfuV 3-1 vfXu'keu 3-1-1 vfXu'keu 76 https://www.
midj.kksa dk ;a= youtube.com/
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How to Deal
with a Fire
Emergency
23 ekWMîwy 3 ;wfuV 3-1 vfXu'keu 3-1-1 vfXu'keu 76 https://www.
midj.kksa dk ;a= youtube.com/
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Fire Emergen-
cy Procedures
- Animated
Safety Video
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Line-of-Fire
Safety
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Sources of
Ignition Fire
Hazard

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Fire & Safety |
Bina Refinery
BPCL
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Fire Ignition
Sources
28 ekWMîwy 3 ;wfuV 3-1 vfXu'keu 3-1-4 vfXu'kked 77 https://www.
midj.kksa dk PPEs youtube.com/
bLrseky watch?v=loQ9Db-
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An Introduc-
tion - Personal
Protective
Equipment
(PPE)
29 ekWMîwy 3 ;wfuV 3-1 vfXu'keu 3-1-4 vfXu'kked 77 https://www.
midj.kksa dk PPEs youtube.com/
bLrseky watch?v=IHh_
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Using Your PPE
Safely
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How To Man-
age Conflict
in a Team -
Workplace &
Office Conflict
Management

111
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Teamwork
can make a
Dreamwork
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Motivation
- leader and
teamwork! an-
imation video
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Good team-
work and bad
teamwork
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Why Team
Building is
Important

112
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Web:
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