Pocket Rocket

EngLish
FORMULA BOOK
SSC CGL, CHSL, CPO, MTS, GD, Steno. CDS,
NDA, Banking & Other Competitive Exams

Prashan Digitally signed by Prashant Solanki

DN: cn=Prashant Solanki, o=Rankers
Gurukul, ou=Rankers Gurukul,

t Solanki
[email protected],
c=IN
Date: 2025.01.13 20:55:11 +05'30'

Author
Prashant Solanki
Sub-Inspector (DP)
 RG Publication
COPYRIGHT
I Understand that the book is proprietary
& copyrighted Material of RG Publication. Any
rep roduction in any form, p hysical or
electronic copyright of RG Publication and will
attract penal actions including FIR and claim
of damages under Indian Copyright Act 1957.

Price: 149/-
 Author - Prashant Solanki
 Published by - Prashant Solanki
For Book Distributionship (Contact - Satendra Solanki):
Whatsapp : 8439012503
Email : [email protected]
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Editor:- Pawan Yadav
Co-ordinator:- Akash Tiwari
Content Team:- Abhishek Gupta, Radheshyam
Singh & Mohit Yadav
DTP Operator:- Shivani
 PREFACE

Iss Formula Book mein English

Grammar ke sabhi important rules ko
bahut hi comprehensively cover kiya
gaya hai jisse aap apne exams se kuch
din pehle iss book ki sahayata se
English Grammar ke poore syllabus ko
bahut hi aasani se kuchh hi ghanto
mein revise kar sakte hain or exam
mein safalta paa sakte hain.

t; fgUn]
t; Hkkjr

Regards
Prashant Solanki
 ABBREVIATIONS

1. Sub.  Subject
2. Obj.  Object
3. N.  Noun
4. V.  Verb
5. Adj.  Adjective
6. Adv.  Adverb
7. Prep.  Preposition
8. Conj.  Conjunction
9. Pl.  Plural
10. Sing.  Singular
11. Sb.  Somebody
12. Sth.  Something
13. S.V.A.  Subject - verb - Agreement
14. H.V.  Helping verb
15. M.V.  Main verb
16. P.D.  Positive degree
17. C.D.  Comparative degree
18. S.D.  Superlative degree
19. TV  Transitive verb
20. ITV  Intransitive verb
 Pocket Rocket

Rule 01
Singular subject ke sath singular verb aur

ir
plural subject ke sath plural verb ka prayog
kiya jata hai.

tS
• Singular subjects  he, she, it, everyone, no
one, something, someone, singular and

an
uncountable nouns, etc.
• Singular verbs  is, was, has, does, V1 +
s/es, etc.

sh
• Plural subjects  you, we, they, plural
nouns, etc. ra
• Plural verbs  are, were, have, do, V1, etc.
Note:- 'I' ke sath am, was, have, do, V1 ka
prayog hota hai.
P
e.g. (i) Radhika live in Delhi. (use 'lives')
by

(ii) You was responsible for the loss. (use

'were')
1. The monsoon have (a)/in the past five days
ish

(b)/retreated from most parts of the country.

(c)/no error (d)
[SSC CPO Pre 12/12/2019 Shift-I]
gl

2. Saurav Ganguly have emerged (a)/as the new

President (b)/of the BCCI (c)/after a night
En

long discussion. (d)

[SSC CPO Pre 11/12/2019 Shift-I]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 1

 Pocket Rocket

3. I goes (a)/to the school (b)/every day (c)/

irrespective of the weather. (d)
[SSC CHSL 27/05/2022 Shift-I]

ir
4. Rescue officials (a)/was unable to find any

tS
survivors (b)/in the California boat tragedy.
(c)/no error (d)
[SSC CGL Mains 13/09/2019]

an
Answer key
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b)

sh
Rule 02
Jab ‘either-or’, ‘neither-nor’, ‘not only ......
ra
but also’ ya ‘or’ se 2 subjects ko connect kiya
jata hai, tab verb hamesha paas wale subject
ke anusar aati hai.
P
e.g. (i) Either Radhika or her brothers is
by

responsible for the misconduct. (use 'are')

(ii) There was not only the students but
also the teacher. (use 'were')
ish

1. Either Ramesh (a)/or Reema have (b)/the

keys (c)/to the cupboard.(d)
gl

[CPO 25/11/2020 (Evening)]

2. Neither Mohit nor Rohit (a)/were there at the
En

shop (b)/when I went there. (c) no error (d)

[CPO- 12/3/2019 (Evening)]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 2

 Pocket Rocket
3. Neither I nor my (a)/sisters was interested
(b)/in learning music. (c)/no error (d)
[CPO- 13/3/2019(Morning)]

ir
4. Neither Amit nor (a)/Raju are staying with

tS
(b)/his parents in Mumbai.(c)/no error (d)
[CPO Tier II 27/9/2019]

an
Answer key
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b)
Rule 03

sh
Jab 2 noun/pronoun ko kisi preposition se
joda jaye tab neeche diye gaye structure ko yaad
rakhen.
P ra
by

Word list:- as well as, like, unlike, but,

ish

besides, excluding, including, except, and not,

along with, together with, in company of,
accompanied by etc.
gl

e.g. (i) Abhishek and not his parents are a good

businessman. (use 'is')
En

(ii) He together with his friends are going to

temple. (use 'is')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 3
 Pocket Rocket

1. The PM, alongwith (a)/the other ministers (b)/

have left for America. (c)/no error (d)
[CGL, 03/3/2020(Afternoon)]

ir
2. The child along with (a)/his parents were

tS
waiting (b)/for the programme to begin. (c)/
no error (d)

an
[CGL- 11/6/2019 (Evening)]
3. The mother as well as (a)/her children were
brought to (b)/the police station for interrogation.

sh
(c)/no error (d)
[MTS 14/8/2019 (afternoon)]
4.
ra
The doctor with (a)/his interns are (b)/due to
arrive here by noon. (c)/no error (d)
P
[MTS 05/8/2019 (Afternoon)]
Answer key
by

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b)

Rule 04
ish

Subject aur verb ko alag karne ke liye aksar

unke beech me preposition phrase, infinitive,
relative clause, participles, etc. laga diye jate
gl

hain, aise mein dhyan rakhe ki verb subject ke

according hi aati hai.
En

e.g. (i) The monkies sitting on the wall is very

wild. (use 'are')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 4
 Pocket Rocket

(ii) The crowd across the bridge are very

furious. (use 'is')

ir
1. Lack of required (a)/vitamins and minerals
(b)/lead to several complications (c)/in the

tS
human body. (d)
[CGL 13/08/2021 (Evening)]

an
2. The inflow of foreign portfolio funds (a)/into
Indian equities have pushed (b)/up price-
earning multiples and valuation. (c)/no error (d)

sh
ra(SSC CHSL 15/03/2023 SHIFT-4)

3. The strain caused by (a)/the difficulties and

anxieties (b)/were more than (c)/she could
bear. (d)
P
CGL Mains 28/01/2022
by

4. The simplest way (a)/to get proper recognition

(b)/are through doing things (c)/with
dedication and sincerity. (d)
ish

[CHSL 18/03/20(Evening)]
5. Everything that (a)/I like to eat (b)/are
gl

fattening. (c)/no error (d)

CGL, 03/3/2020 S3
En

Answer key
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 5

 Pocket Rocket

Rule 05
Jab 'and' se 2 nouns ko joda jaye:-

ir
Case 1. Divided sense (Alag cheezen)
N1 'and' N2  (divided sense)  plural verb

tS
Such as: water and fire, poverty and
development, time and tide, etc.

an
e.g. Poverty and development goes hand in hand.
(use 'go')
Case 2. Unified sense (Ek sath milke)

sh
N1 'and' N2  (unified sense)  singular verb
Such as: the dance and music, soda and
ra
whiskey, sum and substance, rice and curry,
horse and carriage, age and experience,
P
drinking and driving, slow and steady,
honour and glory, bread and butter, etc.
by

e.g. Slow and steady win the race. (use 'wins')

Hint : Agar article ya possessive case 1
baar ho tab verb singular aata hai, agar 2
ish

baar ho tab verb plural aata hai.

Case 3.
Each/every + N1 'and' N2  singular verb
gl

e.g. (i) Every man and woman have to participate.

(use 'has')
En

(ii) I want to thank each and every person who

have contributed to this project. (use 'has')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 6
 Pocket Rocket
1. Time and tide (a)/waits (b)/for none (c)/no
error (d)
[HCM (DP) 10/10/2022 Shift-II]

ir
2. Bread and butter (a)/are our (b)/usual

tS
breakfast. (c)/no error (d)
[Kolkata Police 2012]
3. Every man, woman and child in the hall (a)/ have

an
been given a pair of glasses (b)/with coloured lens
to watch the 3D movie. (c)/no error (d)

sh
[Indian coast gaurd 2017]
4. The poet (a)/and the author (b)/is awarded
(c)/by the president. (d)
ra [SSC GD 24/11/2021]
5. The famous author (a)/and actor are being (b)/
P
honoured at a function today. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CGL 07/03/2020]
by

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (b)
Rule 06
ish

• Everyone/someone/anyone/no one
• Everybody/ somebody/anybody/nobody
• Everything/something/ anything/nothing
gl

• Each/either/neither/none/any
Diye gaye pronouns ke saath singular verb
En

aur singular pronoun/determiner ka hi

prayog kiya jata hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 7
 Pocket Rocket

e.g. (i) Somebody has forgotten their key on the

table. (use 'his')
(ii) Somebody need to be here to greet the

ir
late arrivals. (use 'needs')

tS
(iii) Each of the students of my class are
very intelligent. (use 'is')
1. Everyone have (a)/to join health orientation

an
(b)/classes before (c)/going for trekking. (d)
[SSC CHSL 09/07/2024 Shift-II]

sh
2. Either of the two supervisors (a)/were supposed
to be (b)/present at the site. (c)/no error (d)
ra [CPO 11/12/2019 Shift-III]
3. Each of (a)/the pictures (b)/have been (c)/
signed by the football star. (d)
P
[CHSL 05/07/2019 Shift-III]
by

4. He asked (a)/whether either of the brothers

(b)/were at home. (c)/no error (d)
Answer key
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c)
ish

Rule 07
One of ke baad plural noun aur singular
gl

verb ka prayog kiya jata hai, iske baad article

'the' ka prayog kiya jata hai aur agar adjective
En

aaye tab superlative degree ka prayog kiya

jata hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 8
 Pocket Rocket

e.g. (i) One of the boys were found guilty. (use

'was')
(ii) It is one of more serious problems. (use

ir
'the most')

tS
1. One of these (a)/boxes have (b)/the portrait
(c)/of the heiress. (d)

an
[SSC CGL Pre 2023]
2. One of (a)/the biggest enterprise (b)/in India
(c)/is declaring a lockout. (d)

sh
[SSC CGL 2021]
3. Land revenue was one of the (a)/major source
ra
of income (b)/for Britishers in India. (c)/no
error (d)
P
[SSC MTS 2021]
Answer key
by

1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b)

Rule 08
‘All/some/any’ agar sentence ki starting
ish

mein ho tab verb ka prayog unke baad prayog

huye noun ke anusar kiya jata hai.
• Some/all/any + uncountable noun  singular
gl

verb
• Some/all/any + plural noun plural verb
En

e.g. (i) Some fruit juices is very acidic. (use 'are')

(ii) All wood tend to shrink. (use 'tends')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 9
 Pocket Rocket

1. Some of the issues discussed (a)/in the media

nowadays has no relevance (b)/to the nation
building process. (c)/no error (d)

ir
[CHSL 19/03/2020 Shift-II]

tS
2. All our teachers (a)/teaches us very well (b)/
but the mathematics teacher (c)/is the
best.(d)

an
[CHSL 15/07/2021]
Answer key

sh
1. (b) 2. (b)
Rule 09
ra
Jab bhi kisi sentence mein time, money,
speed, weight, height, distance ke expressions
P
ko as a whole (ek unit) ki tarah prayog kiya
jaye, tab singular verb ka prayog hota hai. Agar
by

inn expressions ko in various ways (alag-alag

tareeko se) prayog kiya jaye, tab plural verb ka
prayog hota hai.
ish

e.g. (i) Five years are a long time to wait. (use 'is')
(ii) Five years has passed since I last saw
Radhika. (use 'have')
gl

1. He reached quickly because (a)/five miles

were not (b)/a long distance for (c)/a young
En

man like him. (d)

[SSC Steno 18/11/2022 Shift-I]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 10

 Pocket Rocket

2. Only five minutes are allowed (a)/for each

speaker (b)/during the function. (c)/no error (d)
[CHSL 11/08/2021 Shift-II]

ir
3. Ten kilometers are (a)/ a long distance (b)/

tS
to cover on foot (c)/for a child. (d)
[SSC CGL Pre 11/06/2019]
Answer key

an
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a)
Rule 10

sh
Diye gaye structures ko yaad rakhein:
(a) ra
P
e.g. (i) The number of participants are increasing.
by

(use 'is')
(ii) Many a students has been awarded a
scholarship. (use 'student')
ish

(iii) More than one book have been lost from

the library. (use 'has')
gl

(b)
En

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 11

 Pocket Rocket

e.g. (i) A number of teachers is attending the

conference. (use 'are')
(ii) Many students has completed their

ir
assignments. (use 'have')

tS
(iii) A large number of tourist visit this city
every year. (use 'tourists')
(iv) A great many people has supported the

an
campaign. (use 'have')
(c) More + noun (pl) + than one + verb (pl)

sh
e.g. (i) More book than one can read have been
recommended for the exam. (use 'books')
1. The number of (a)/visitors at the fair (b)/were
ra
much larger (c)/than expected. (d)
[SSC CHSL 04/07/2019 shift-III]
P
2. The number of students (a)/attending their
classes (b)/are constantly decreasing (c)/in
by

our university. (d)

[SSC CGL 12/12/2022 shift-II]
3. Many a student (a)/have passed (b)/the IIT
ish

examination (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CGL Mains 2010]
4. A large number of (a)/worker have started
gl

(b)/walking home. (c)/no error (d)

En

[SSC CGL Mains 15/11/2022]

Answer key
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 12

 Pocket Rocket

Rule 11
• There/adverb of place + singular verb +

ir
singular subject
• There/adverb of place + plural verb + plural

tS
subject
e.g. (i) There were an abandoned supermarket

an
trolly in the middle of the road. (use 'was')
(ii) Outside the temple lives two priests. (use
'live')

sh
1. There is too many (a)/pieces of glass (b)/on
the ground. (c)/no error (d)
ra
[SSC Steno 18/11/2022 Shift-III]
2. There is many ways (a)/to make (b)/a
P
stranger feel (c)/welcome in the community.
[SSC CHSL 26/05/2022 Shift-II]
by

3. When there were (a)/a strong wind, (b)/the

pine trees made (c)/sad, eerie sounds. (d)
ish

[CGL Mains 15/11/2020]

Answer key
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a)
gl

Rule 12
Jab kisi proper noun ko sentence ka
En

subject bana kar prayog kiya jaye, tab uske baad

verb ki ‘singular form' ka prayog kiya jata hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 13
 Pocket Rocket
Exam mein pooche jane wale kuchh confusing
proper noun jo yaad rakhne chahiye:
(i) Name of a book/novel (e.g., Malgudi Days,

ir
Arabian Nights, pride and prejudice)

tS
(ii) Name of a country (e.g., United States of
America, The West Indies)
(iii) Name of an organization (e.g., United Nations)

an
(iv) Name of a game (e.g., Billiards, Darts)
(v) Name of a movie (e.g., Three Idiots, The Avengers)

sh
e.g. (i) Malgudi days are a classic book by R.K.
Narayan. (use 'is')
(ii) The west Indies are known for its cricket
ra
teams. (use 'is')
(iii) The United Nations aim to promote peace.
P
(use 'aims')
by

(iv) Billiards are a popular indoor game. (use 'is')

(v) Three Idiots are a hit film in Bollywood.
(use 'is')
ish

1. Gulliver's travels (a)/were written (b)/in 1726.

(c)/no error (d)
[SSC CHSL 2021]
gl

2. Many people must have read (a)/the Arabian

Nights, (b)/which are very interesting (c)/no
En

error (d)
[SSC MTS 23/02/2014]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 14

 Pocket Rocket

3. The Arabian Nights (a)/have (b)/many

interesting stories for readers. (c)/no error (d)

ir
[SSC Steno 2023]
Answer key

tS
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b)

Rule 13

an
Diye gaye words ke sath singular verb ka
prayog kiya jata hai lekin inke pahle the/my/

sh
his/her/our/your/their, etc. ka prayog hone
par inke sath plural verb ka prayog kiya jata hai.
Politics play a crucial role in shaping
e.g. (i)
ra
society. (use 'plays')
P
(ii) Their politics has changed over the
years. (use 'have')
by

(iii) Mathematics are essential for under-

standing physics. (use 'is')
(iv) The mathematics is complicated in this
ish

problem. (use 'are')

1. Mathematics help (a)/in developing (b)/the
gl

logical mindset (c)/of students. (d)

SSC CHSL 10/07/2024 Shift-IV]
En

Answer key
1. (a)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 15

 Pocket Rocket

Rule 14
Diye gaye words hamesha plural form mein

ir
aate hain aur yeh hamesha plural verbs lete hain:-
Belongings, savings, congratulations, scissors,

tS
proceeds, earrings, tidings, thanks, goggles, premises,
surroundings, outskirts, shorts, pliers, tongs, jeans,
regards, pantaloons, pyjamas, clothes, etc.

an
e.g. (i) Her belonging are packed and ready.
(use 'belongings')

sh
(ii) The scissors is on the table. (use 'are')
1. My friend Jatin (a)/usually (b)/wears
ra
spectacle. (c)/no error (d)
[MTS 19/07/2022 Shift-I]
P
2. The beautiful (a)/surroundings of the place
(b)/enchanted me. (c)/no error (d)
by

[SSC Section off. Audit 2008]

Answer key
1. (c) 2. (d)
ish

Rule 15
Diye gaye words plural forms mein exist
nahi karte kyunki yeh sab uncountable nouns
gl

hain:- Equipment, furniture, jewellery, luggage,

poetry, machinery, scenery, information,
En

advice, knowledge, baggage, hair, news, chalk,

money, crockery, hardware, education, etc.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 16
 Pocket Rocket

e.g. (i) The room is filled with beautiful furnitures.

(use 'furniture')
(ii) She loves to wear expensive jewelleries.

ir
(use 'jewellery')

tS
1. They had to wait for the luggages to be (a)/
put into the cab before (b)/they themselves
got into it. (c)/no error (d)

an
[CHSL 17/03/2020 Shift-I]
2. This furnitures has been (a)/taken on hire for

sh
the function (b)/in the college. (c)/no error (d)
ra [CHSL 17/03/2020 shift-II]
3. Plenty of information (a)/were given to me at
(b)/the tourist office. (c)/no error (d)
P
[SSC CPO 07/03/2020]
4. The sceneries (a)/of Kashmir (b)/is very
by

charming. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC T.A. 29/03/2009]
Answer key
ish

1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a)

Rule 16
Kuch nouns ke singular aur plural form
gl

saman hote hain, isliye inka prayog savdhani se

karna chahiye:- Sheep, Deer, Swine, Series,
En

Salmon, Fish, Vocation, Innings, Means,

Headquarters, Aircraft, Hovercraft, Gallows, etc.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 17
 Pocket Rocket

e.g. (i) Sheep were grazing in the fields. []

(ii) These leaves are toxic to sheeps. (use
'sheep')

ir
1. When I was passing through the forest (a)/I

tS
happened to see (b)/a number of deers. (c)/
no error (d)
[SSC MTS 16/02/2014]

an
2. They first inning (a)/of the match (b)/way very
sensational. (c)/no error (d)

sh
[SSC CGL Mains 21/09/2014]
3. I saw (a)/two deers (b)/in the woods. (c)/no
ra
error (d)
[SSC CPO 28/09/2014]
P
Answer key
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b)
by

Rule 17
Kuch nouns dekhne mein singular lagte
hain, lekin yeh plural ki tarah hi prayog hote hain
ish

atah inke saath s/es nahi lagaya jata:- People,

Police, Children, Poultry, Gentry, Peasantry,
Clergy, Vermin, Cattle, etc.
gl

e.g. (i) These cattles are being fattened up for

slaughter. (use 'cattle')
En

(ii) The room was crawling with vermins .

(use 'vermin')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 18
 Pocket Rocket

1. The chart papers (a)/were distributed among

(b)/all the childrens. (c)/no error (d)
[CPO Mains 27/09/2019]

ir
2. These stray cattles (a)/are roaming (b)/

tS
around the town. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CPO 14/03/2019 Shift-III]

an
3. People has been (a)/warning in advance (b)/
about the coming economic crisis. (c)/no error
(d)

sh
[CHSL 15/04/2021 Shift-I]
Answer key
1. (c) 2. (a)
ra
3. (a)

Rule 18
P
Plural of Compound Noun:-
by

I. SINGULAR PLURAL
Book Shelf Book Shelves
Code of conduct Codes of conduct
ish

Step daughter Step daughters

Brother-in-law Brothers-in-law
gl

General Manager General Managers

Commander in chief Commanders in chief
En

Officer in charge Officers in charge

Maid servant Maid servants
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 19
 Pocket Rocket

II. SINGULAR PLURAL

Man doctor Men doctors

ir
Mouthful Mouthfuls
Looker on Lookers on

tS
Woman doctor Women doctors
Passer by passers by

an
Bagful Bagfuls
Attorney General Attorneys general

sh
e.g. (i) She scooped up handsful of loose earther.
(use 'handfuls')
ra
(ii) Police asked passers-by if they had seen
the accident. []
P
1. She speaks (a)/very highly (b)/of both her (c)/
daughter-in-laws. (d)
by

[CPO Mains 26/07/2021]

2. His son-in-laws (a)/have enhanced (b)/his
business (c)/within a short period. (d)
ish

[CGL Mains 28/01/2022]

3. This misogynist hates (a)/all mother-in-laws
gl

(b)/and house maids (c)/no error (d)

[SSC 12/09/2010]
En

Answer key
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 20

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Rule 19
'Main noun' se pahle prayog kiye gaye noun

ir
ko noun modifier kaha jata hai. Ye hamesha
singular form mein rahte hain.

tS
e.g. (i) It was a ten hours long journey. (use 'hour')
(ii) I met a forty years old lady. (use 'year')

an
Note:- Agar last mein noun na likha ho,
kewal adjective ho, tab ye noun jarurat ke
hisab se singular ya plural ho sakte hain.

sh
e.g. The boy was ten year old. (use 'years')
The journey was three hour long. (use 'hours')
ra
1. My neighbour’s grandson (a)/is only (b)/five
month old. (c)/no error (d)
P
[CGL Pre- 13/04/2022 Shift-II]
2. An eight years old (a)/girl has made (b)/this
by

beautiful painting. (c)/no error (d)

[CGL Tier II 18/11/2020]
3. The 91 years old lady (a)/has been a fan (b)/
ish

of cricket for decades. (c)/no error (d)

[MTS 06/8/2019 Shift-II]
4. Hari lost (a)/a hundred rupees note (b)/
gl

yesterday. (c)/no error (d)

En

[SSC CHSL 2012]

Answer key
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 21

 Pocket Rocket

Rule 20
Special plural forms:-

ir
Singular Plural
Crisis Crises

tS
Basis Bases
Criterion Criteria

an
Phenomenon Phenomena
Thesis Theses
Medium Media

sh
Syllabus Syllabi
Axis ra Axes
Datum Data
Mouse Mice
P
Oasis Oases
Radius Radii
by

Locus Loci
Focus Foci
1. The manager put forward (a)/ a number of
ish

critereons (b)/for the post (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CHSL 27/11/2010]
2. The man played (a)/the flute and led (b)/all
gl

the mouse (c)/out of the town. (d)

[SSC CGL Mains 16/11/2020]
En

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (c)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 22

 Pocket Rocket

Rule 21
Important Collectives Nouns:-

ir
• Group of Directors Board (verb-plural)

tS
• Group of stars Cluster/Constellation
• Group of singers Choir
• Group of keys/ grapes Bunch

an
• Group of people Crowd/ mob
• Group of Bees/ flies Swarm

sh
• Group of trees Groove/Clump
• Group of cats ra Clowder
• Group of cards/Wolves Pack
/hounds
P
• Group of flower Garland/Bouquet
• Group of puppies Litter
by

• Group of sheep Herd

• Groups of merchants Caravan
/travellers
ish

• Group of Girls/Women Bevy

• Group of Steps/Stairs Flight
gl

/Birds
• Group of mountains Range
En

/hills
• Group of students Class
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 23
 Pocket Rocket

• Group of servants Retinue

• Group of laws Code

ir
• Group of sailors Crew
• Group of carriages Train

tS
/followers
• Group of bullets/shots Volley

an
• Group of discussing Forum
people

sh
• Religious Group Congregation
• Group of eventsra Series
• Group of Stones/ruins Heap
• Group of fish/ Whales School
P
• Group of Geese/Sheep Flock
by

/Birds
• Group of horses/ Troop
Scouts/soldiers
ish

• Group of robbers Gang

/criminals
• Group of shoes Pair
gl

/scissors
En

• Group of Corn/arrows Sheaf

• Group of lions/tigers Pride
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 24
 Pocket Rocket

Rule 22
Structure:-

ir
tS
Iss structure mein noun ko hamesha singular
form mein likha jata hai.

an
e.g. (i) Days after days has passed without any
change. (use 'day after day')

sh
(ii) Towns after towns was destroyed. (use
ra
'town after town')
1. My sister (a)/has read (b)/pages after pages
P
of the bible. (c)/no error (d)
by

[SSC T.A 05/12/2004]

2. Speakers after speakers (a)/came on the

stage (b)/to perform (c)/no error (d)
ish

[SSC CHSL 04/11/2012]

3. Towns after towns (a)/was (b)/ devastated (c)/

gl

no error (d)
[Air force Y group 04/11/2020]
En

Answer key
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 25

 Pocket Rocket

Rule 23
Word list:- pair, score, gross, hundred, dozen,

ir
thousand, million, billion, etc.

tS
• Agar diye gaye nouns ke aage definite
number diya gaya ho tab yeh nouns singular
form mein prayog hote hain:

an
• Agar number na diya ho tab inko plural
form mein prayog karte hain aur inke baad

sh
'of' preposition aata hai.
e.g. (i) She bought three dozens eggs. (use
ra
'dozen')
(ii) She bought three dozens of eggs. []
P
1. We bought (a)/two dozens (b)/mangoes from
by

(c)/the market. (d)

[CGL Pre- 20/04/2022 Shift-III]

2. the factory complex houses a shop floor (a)/

ish

and 10 cubicles for the staff in an area (b)/

of about thousand squares metres. (c)/no
gl

error (d)
[SSC CHSL 09/01/2016]
En

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (c)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 26

 Pocket Rocket

Rule 24
Use of Apostrophe ('s):-

ir
• Apostrophe ('s) ka prayog living beings ke
sath possession ko dikhane ke liye kiya jata

tS
hai.
• Agar noun pahle se 's' par end ho to only

an
apostrophe (') lagate hain 's' nahi.
• Non-living things ke saath apostrophe (‘s) ka

sh
prayog nahi hota hai, 'noun of noun' ka
hota hai. ra
• Kuch situations mein non-living things ke
sath apostrophe ('s) aa sakta hai.
P
• Personified objects ke sath.
• Place names ke sath.
by

• Measurement ko dikhane wale words ke sath.

• Time ko dikhane wale words ke sath.
ish

• Heavenly bodies ke sath.

• Kuchh idioms mein.
e.g. (i) The book's cover is blue. [×]
gl

The cover of the book is blue. []

En

1. The chair's leg (a)/is (b)/broken. (c)/no error (d)

[OPSC ASO 2015]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 27

 Pocket Rocket

2. The table's legs (a)/have been (b)/elaborately

carved (c)/no error (d)

ir
[SSC T.A. Income tax 29/03/2009]
Answer key

tS
1. (a) 2. (a)

Rule 25

an
Use of Possessive Sign:-
(a) Common possession - Jab 2 nouns closely

sh
connected ho aur common possession
dikhayi de rahi ho, tab second noun ke
saath apostrophe ('s) ka prayog hota hai.
ra
(b) Split possession - Jab 2 connected nouns,
separate possession dikhate ho, tab dono
P
ke saath apostrophe ('s) ka prayog hota hai.
by

e.g. (i) Tom's and Jerry's friendship is famous.

(use "Tom and Jerry's")
(ii) Radhika and Kavita's cars are parked
ish

outside. (use "Radhika's and Kavita's")

1. There is no money in (a)/Rajesh's and (b)/
gl

Reena's joint account. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CPO Pre 03/07/2017]
En

Answer key
1. (b)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 28

 Pocket Rocket

Rule 26
Use of little, a little, the little:-

ir
Diye gaye quantifiers ka prayog uncountable
nouns ke saath hota hai:

tS
• Little - Hardly any (bilkul thoda) (-ve sense)
• A little - some but not much (thoda) (+ve

an
sense)
• The little - all that is available (jitna hai, sab
kuch)

sh
• Only a little - very little
e.g. (i) There is the little hope of his recovery.
ra
(use 'a little')
(ii) She has spent a little money that she
P
saved for her birthday. (use 'the little')
1. There is a very little time (a)/for them to
by

prepare (b)/for the show. (c)/no error (d)

[CGL Pre 13/04/2022 Shift-I]
2. All of us were (a)/a little nervous when (b)/
ish

we came into this room today. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CPO 23/11/2020 Shift-II]
3. Will you please (a)/give me little milk (b)/for
gl

my cat. (c)/no error (d)

En

[SSC Steno 2016]

Answer key
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 29

 Pocket Rocket

Rule 27
Use of few, a few, the few:-

ir
In quantifiers ka prayog plural nouns ke

tS
saath hota hai:
• Few - Hardly any (bilkul kam) (-ve sense)

an
• A few - some but not many (+ve sense)
• The few - all that are available (jitne hain,

sh
sab kuch)
• Only a few - very few
ra
e.g. (i) Few people attended the meeting. []
(ii) She has a few good idea for the project.
P
(use 'ideas')
by

1. My brother brought (a)/a few rice while (b)/

coming from the market. (c)/no error (d)
[MTS 06/08/2019 Shift-II]
ish

2. Deepak said he would (a)/pack few things he

(b)/had and vacate the hostel room the next
day. (c)/no error (d)
gl

[CHSL 10/07/2019 Shift-II]

En

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (b)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 30

 Pocket Rocket

Rule 28
Use of some and any:-

ir
(a) ‘Any’ ka prayog negative aur interrogative
sentences mein hota hai, jabki ‘some’ ka use

tS
positive sentences mein hota hai.
(b) Agar interrogative sentence ka expected

an
answer positive ho, tab interrogative
sentence mein ‘some’ ka prayog kiya ja
sakta hai.

sh
e.g. (i) Radhika bought any apples from the
market. (use 'some')
ra
(ii) I don't have some money left. (use 'any')
1. I want to buy this (a)/book please give (b)/
P
me any money. (c)/no error (d)
[CHSL 05/08/2021 Shift-III]
by

2. I do not see (a)/some reasons why my (b)/

application should be rejected. (c)/no error (d)
[CGL Pre 07/03/2020 Shift-III]
ish

Answer key
1. (c) 2. (b)
Rule 29
gl

(a) Niche diye gaye determiners ke sath only

uncountable noun ka prayog kiya jata hai.
En

Word list:- Little much, A great deal of,

amount of, etc.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 31
 Pocket Rocket
(b) Niche diye gaye determiners ke sath only
countable nouns (singalur/plural) hi prayog
kiye ja sakte hai.

ir
Word list:- Few, Many, Number of, etc.
1. Very little metals (a)/are as precious (b)/as

tS
gold. (c)/no error (d)
[CHSL 10/7/2019 Shift-III]

an
2. We can see (a)/much changes in (b)/
Government schools (c)/these days. (d)
[CHSL 16/10/20 Shift-III]

sh
3. Much of us (a)/lack the (b)/important virtue
(c)/of patience. (d)
ra [CPO Tier-II 26/07/2021]
4. How many money did (a)/Sudhir win in (b)/
P
the lottery? (c)/no error (d)
[CPO 12/12/2019 Shift-III]
by

Answer key
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a)
Rule 30
ish

All/both/half:-
• All  for more than two
• Both  for two
gl

• Half  aadha
In 3 ke sath mein article, possessive case,
En

these, those ka ense prayog ho tab pahle all/

both/half ka prayog hota hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 32
 Pocket Rocket

e.g. (i) I lost my all money. (use 'all my')

(ii) He reached there in a half hour. (use

ir
'half an')
Note:- whole ke sath the/possessive case

tS
ka prayog whole se pahle hota hai.
e.g. I lost my whole money. []

an
1. The both (a)/children go to (b)/the same
school. (c)/no error (d)
[CGL, 06/3/2020 Shift-II]

sh
2. These all (a)/mangoes (b)/are ripe (c)/no error
(d) ra [SSC CGL 29/09/2013]
Answer key
P
1. (a) 2. (a)
Rule 31
by

Each and Every:-

Each aur every distributive determiner hote
hain. Inke baad hamesha singular noun, singular
ish

verb aur singular possessive case aate hain.

Note:- Practically, nearly, almost, etc. jaise
adverbs agar diye ho tab every ka prayog hota
gl

hai, na ki each ka, aur agar koi fixed

number diya ho tab each ka prayog hota hai.
En

e.g. (i) Every children were given a book. (use

'child was')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 33
 Pocket Rocket

Note:- Of ke pahle 'every' nahi 'each' aata

hai kyonki every sirf noun ke sath aata hai.
1. Each member (a)/of the team (b)/receive a

ir
memorabilia (c)/after the match is over. (d)

tS
[SSC CHSL 24/05/2022 Shift-I]
2. Every (a)/curious child (b)/want to (c)/rip
open a toy. (d)

an
[CGL Pre -11/04/2022 Shift-I]
3. Every soldier and every (a)/officer was (b)/in

sh
their place. (c)/no error (d)
[CGL Mains 28/01/2022]
4.
ra
Each players must play (a)/according to his
full potential (b)/and not think only about
P
winning. (c)/no error (d)
[CHSL 11/8/2021 Shift-II]
by

Answer key
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (a)

Rule 32
ish

Ordinal and Cardinal:-

• Ordinal  first, second, third, ....
gl

• Cardinal  one, two, three, ....

Ordinal order/sequence ko batate hain,
En

inke sath generally article 'the' aata hai aur

inko noun ke pahle prayog karte hain.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 34
 Pocket Rocket

Cardinal jab noun ke pahle aate hain tab

noun ka number batate hain aur jab noun
ke baad aate hain tab order/sequence batate

ir
hain aur aise case mein koi article nahi aata.

tS
Note:- Agar sentence mein ordinal aur
cardinal dono ho tab pahle ordinal aur bad
mein cardinal aata hai.

an
e.g. (i) This rule is given on the page 40. (drop 'the')
(ii) This rule is given on forteith page. (use

sh
'the forteith')
1. Arunima Sinha (a)/is first amputee (b)/to
ra
scale (c)/Mount Everest. (d)
[SSC Steno 17/11/2022 Shift-III]
P
2. The earthy (a)/fragrance of soil (b)/after a first
rain (c)/is always refreshing. (d)
by

[SSC MTS 15/07/2022 Shift-I]

3. I found (a)/the two first chapters of the book
ish

(b)/particularly interesting. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC Section offi. 2006]
4. Open (a)/your books (b)/at page tenth (c)/no
gl

error (d)
[SSC CGL 08/08/2022]
En

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 35

 Pocket Rocket

Rule 33
Use of A/An:-

ir
(a) Consonant sound se shuru hone wale words se
pahle indefinite article ‘a’ ka prayog hota hai.

tS
(b) Vowel sound se shuru hone wale words ke
pahle article ‘an’ ka prayog hota hai.

an
Note:- Word kis letter se start hota hai ye
dekh kar nahi, balki word ko bolte samay

sh
vowel sound aata hai ya consonant, ye dekh
kar article ka prayog karein.
ra
• Use 'an' with:- an amount, an eye, an NIA
officer, an FIR, an M.A., an LL.B., an event,
an elephant, an onion, an unwanted person,
P
an umbrella, an hour, an honour, etc.
by

• Use 'a' with:- A house, a year, a UFO, a

European person, a ewe, a useful concept,
a unit test, a hotel, etc.
ish

e.g. (i) He is a honest man. (use 'an')

(ii) A honorary degree was conferred on him.
gl

(use 'An')
1. This is (a)/a doll (b)/and there is (c)/a
En

umbrella. (d)
[SSC CHSL 05/07/2024 Shift-I]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 36

 Pocket Rocket

2. A owl is a bird which has (a)/wide eyes,

asymmetrical ears and (b)/is found mostly in
forests. (c)/no error (d)

ir
[SSC CHSL 05/07/2024 Shift-III]

tS
3. According to the encyclopaedia, (a)/a oasis is
an area which is made (b)/fertile by a source
of fresh water. (c)/no error (d)

an
[SSC CHSL 08/07/2024 Shift-I]
4. He is (a)/struggling to make (b)/a honest

sh
living. (c)/no error (d)
ra [SSC MTS 08/07/2022 Shift-I]
Answer key
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c)
P
Rule 34
Singular countable nouns ko bina article
by

ya determiner ke nahi likhte hain, aise mein

inke sath 'a/an' ka prayog karte hain.
e.g. (i) He is reading book written by Prashant
ish

Sir. (use 'a book')

(ii) There is marker on the table. (use 'a
gl

marker')
1. My professor (a)/is great lady (b)/and
En

motivates (c)/all her students. (d)

[HCM (DP) 19/10/2022 Shift-III]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 37

 Pocket Rocket

2. Antique diamond necklace (a)/was stolen (b)/

from the museum.(c)/no error (d)

ir
[CGL Pre 12/04/2022 Shift-II]
Answer key

tS
1. (b) 2. (a)

Rule 35

an
Definite nouns ke pahle article 'the' ka
prayog hota hai. Kisi noun ko definite banane ke

sh
liye uske baad koi prepositional phrase (mostly
'of' ya 'in' ke sath), relative clause, participle, etc.
ka prayog karke generally usko modify karte hain.
ra
• Jab sentence mein kisi noun ka prayog
P
dobara kiya jaye tab uske pahle article 'the'
ka prayog karte hain.
by

e.g. (i)
ish

(ii)
gl

(iii) Efforts of the doctors were not enough

to save him. (use 'the efforts')
En

1. Give me (a)/a book (b)/that is (c)/on the table. (d)

[SSC STENO.18/11/2022 Shift-I]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 38

 Pocket Rocket

2. Place the book (a)/on a dining table (b)/ that

you can (c)/see in that room. (d)
[HCM (DP) 20/10/2022 Shift-I]

ir
3. We took dinner (a)/in a Chinese restaurant

tS
(b)/and were amazed to see (c)/the interior of
a restaurant. (d)
[SSC CGL 19/09/2024 (Shift-I)]

an
Answer key
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (d)

sh
Rule 36
Article 'the' is used with the names of the
ra
following:-
(a) Mountains, bays/gulfs, group of islands,
P
canals, aeroplanes, ships, planes, religious
books, government branches, armed forces,
by

deserts, political parties, musical instruments,

rivers, oceans, seas, unique things.
Note: Peaks of mountain (Mount Everest,
ish

Mount Abu, etc.) ke naam ke pahle article

‘the’ ka prayog nahi hota hai.
gl

(b) 'The' ka prayog geographical locations jaise

the equator, directions jaise the south,
En

heavenly bodies jaise the Jupiter, etc. ke

sath kiya jata hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 39
 Pocket Rocket

(c) ‘The’ ka prayog newspaper ke naam se pahle

hota hai. (the Hindu, the Dainik Jagran, etc.)

ir
(d) ‘The’ ka prayog kuch countries ke naam se
pahle hota hai (keval vahi jo abbreviated form

tS
mein likhi jati hai - the USA, the UK, etc.).
(e) ‘The’ ka prayog superlative degree se pahle

an
aur ordinals ke sath hota hai. (the first, the
third, etc.)
(f) Comparative degree :

sh
• Comparative degree + of the two +
plural countable noun - ke expression
ra
mein comparative degree ke pahle ‘the’ ka
prayog hota hai.
P
• Relative increase/decrease show karne ke
liye diye gaye structure ka prayog hota
by

hai:
The + C.D. + .... + the + C.D. + ....
(g) Universe mein jo vastu apni tarah ki unique
ish

hai, uske pahle ‘the’ ka prayog mandatory hai.

(h) ‘The’ ka prayog government organizations ke
name se pahle hota hai. (the UN, the WHO, etc.)
gl

e.g. (i) The Himalayan rivers are perennial. []

En

(ii) Virat Kohli is a best batsman that Indian

cricket team has ever seen. (use 'the best')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 40
 Pocket Rocket

1. The sun rises (a)/in an east (b)/and sets (c)/

in the west. (d)
[SSC CHSL 08/07/2024 Shift-IV]

ir
2. The manager noticed (a)/that Pragya (b)/was

tS
first to reach (c)/the office on Saturday. (d)
[SSC CHSL 10/07/2024 Shift-IV]
3. Wind is one (a)/of biggest factors (b)/in the

an
spread of fire. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC MTS 11/07/2022 Shift-III]

sh
4. He is (a)/able (b)/to (c)/play flute. (d)
ra [SSC Steno 18/11/2022 Shift-II]
5. Tropic of Cancer (a)/passes through (b)/the
state (c)/of Jharkhand. (d)
P
[HCM (DP) 14/10/2022 Shift-II]
Answer key
by

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (a)

Rule 37
Niche diye gaye nouns ke pahle aksar article
ish

‘the’ ka prayog kiya jata hai.

Word list:- sea, sky, world, truth, evening,
morning, afternoon, universe, environment,
gl

ocean, etc.
e.g. (i) The most beautiful fact about a world
En

is that everyone has to leave it one day.

(use 'the world')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 41
 Pocket Rocket

1. After knowing truth, (a)/the jury took the

right decision (b)/in the case. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CGL Pre 2022 Shift-II]

ir
2. There was an interesting article (a)/in the

tS
newspaper (b)/about the dangers (c)/to an
environment. (d)

an
[CHSL 2021 Shift-I]
3. Scientists have made dramatic progress (a)/
in understanding an universe (b)/and the

sh
mechanisms of biology (c)/no error (d)
[MTS 14/07/2022]
Answer key
ra
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (b)
P
Rule 38
Diye gaye words ka prayog agar kisi noun ke
by

pahle likh kar usko emphasise karne ke liye kiya

jaye, tab uske pahle article ‘the’ ka prayog
karna chahiye.
ish

Word list:- only, same, following, previous,

wrong, correct, next, very, etc.
gl

e.g. (i) This is a only solution to this problem.

(use 'the only')
En

(ii) This is previous chapter we have

discussed. (use 'the previous')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 42
 Pocket Rocket

1. This is (a)/only mistake (b)/he has made (c)/

in the dictation. (d)
[SSC CPO Mains 26/07/2021]

ir
2. For man to change radically, fundamentally

tS
(a)/there must be a mutation in a very (b)/
brain cells of his mind (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CGL Mains 2017]

an
Answer key
1. (b) 2. (b)

sh
Rule 39
Omission of article 'the':-
ra
Diye gaye nouns ke aage kisi bhi article ka
prayog nahi hota hai:
P
A. Names of Cities: Alaska, Sydney, Los
Angeles, etc.
by

B. Names of Countries (abbreviated form waale

countries ke naam ko chhodkar): Spain,
France, Australia, etc.
ish

C. Names of Continents: Asia, Europe, Australia,

Africa, South America, North America,
Antarctica
gl

D. Streets ke naam: New Town Street, Malibu

Street, etc.
En

E. Singular lakes and bays ke naam: Lake

Carey, Sharti Bay, etc.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 43
 Pocket Rocket

F. Names of Singular islands: Easter Island,

Fatima Island, etc.
G. Names of Sports: Cricket, Volleyball, etc.

ir
H. God se pahle article ‘the’ ka prayog nahi hota

tS
hai.
Note:- The English - Angrej log

an
The French - French log
Note:-

sh
• The Hindi but the Hindi language. []
• The red but the red colour. []
ra
• The winter but the winter season. []
e.g. (i) The English is the most speaking
P
language in the world. (drop 'the')
1. The (a)/God (b)/is (c)/omniscient. (d)
by

[SSC Steno 17/11/2022 Shift-II]

2. Ronaldo is (a)/a famous player of (b)/the
football. (c)/no error (d)
ish

[SSC CHSL 27/05/2022 Shift-III]

3. The English is a very (a)/popular language
gl

(b)/amongst south Indians. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CPO Pre 02/07/2018]
En

Answer key
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 44

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Rule 40
Plural aur uncountable nouns jab general

ir
sense mein aate hain tab unke saath koi article
nahi aata hai.

tS
e.g. (i) The water is valuable. (drop 'the')
(ii) The people are not trust worthy

an
nowadays. (drop 'the')
1. I ate (a)/the egg (b)/yesterday for (c)/my

sh
dinner. (d)
[SSC STENO.18/11/2022 Shift-III]
ra
2. The gold (a)/is a precious metal (b)/that is
popular (c)/across the world. (d)
P
[HCM (DP) 12/10/2022 Shift-I]
3. We were busy (a)/at the work (b)/and went
by

for lunch (c)/only at 2.30 pm. (d)

[CHSL 17/03/2020 Shift-III]
Answer key
ish

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b)

Rule 41
gl

Jab school, college, university, court,

temple, church, jail, prison, bed, hospital, etc.
En

ka prayog general sense mein ho tab koi article

nahi aata hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 45
 Pocket Rocket

Jab inko definite kiya jaye ya inka prayog

other purpose ke liye kiya jaye tab article aata
hai.

ir
e.g. (i) Radhika is going to the temple. (drop

tS
'the')
[Temple ka general purpose hota hai pooja
karna yani Radhika pooja karne temple ja

an
rahi hai]
e.g. (i) Radhika is going to temple to meet

sh
Prashant. (use 'the temple')
[Yahan 'the temple' ek specific jagah hai
ra
jahan Prashant se milne ke liye ja rahi hai]
1. I go to the temple (a)/as often as (b)/I find
P
time. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC SAS 26/06/2010]
by

Answer key
1. (a)

Rule 42
ish

‘Man’ aur ‘woman’ ka prayog agar general

sense mein kiya jaye, tab inke pahle article
gl

‘the’ ka prayog nahi karna chahiye.

e.g. (i) The man is the best creation of God.
En

(drop 'the')
(ii) The man is mortal. (drop 'The')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 46
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1. The man (a)/is the only living creature (b)/

that can think (c)/and invent (d)/

ir
[DSSSB JSA 01/04/2022]
2. A man is the only creature (a)/that is

tS
endowed with (b)/the faculty of reasoning
(c)/no error (d)

an
[MP Police SI 04/09/2016]
Answer key
1. (a) 2. (a)

sh
Rule 43
ra
Jab kisi common noun ka prayog abstract
noun ke sense mein kiya jaye, tab uske pahle
article ‘the’ ka prayog kiya jata hai.
P
e.g. (i) A teacher in him couldn't tolerate her
by

grammatical mistakes. (use 'the')

(ii) An officer in him prevailed over the friend
and Bob got Jimmy arrested. (use 'the')
ish

1. An artist in him (a)/was deeply moved (b)/by

painting (c)/no error (d)
gl

[SSC CGL 2017]

2. The patriot in him (a)/could not tolerate (b)/
En

any insult to his country. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CGL 2017]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 47

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3. Judge in him (a)/prevailed upon the father

(b)/and he sentenced his son to death (c)/no
error (d)

ir
[SSC CGL Pre 16/05/2010]

tS
Answer key
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (a)

an
Rule 44
Jab hum kisi proper noun ko common noun
ki tarah use karte hain, toh uske aage article (a/

sh
an/the) lagate hain. Ye tab hota hai jab hum proper
noun ko ek general category ya characteristic ko
ra
describe karne ke liye use karte hai.
Structure-
P
• Pronoun/proper noun + is/am/are/was/were
+ a/an + proper noun
by

• Proper noun + is/am/are/was/were + the

proper noun + of + object
ish

e.g. (i) Kim-Jong-un is Hitler. (use 'a Hitler')

(ii) Kim-Jong-un is Hitler of North Korea.
(use 'the Hitler')
gl

(iii) He is a Einstein of our generation. (use

En

'the Einstein')
(iv) Prashant is Virat Kohli. (use 'a Virat Kohli')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 48
 Pocket Rocket

Rule 45
Diye gaye phrases ko yaad rakhein, inn mein

ir
hamesha article aata hai.
Word list:- in a fix, in a hurry, in a nutshell,

tS
make a noise, make a foot, keep a secret, as a
rule, with in a stone’s throw, a short while ago,

an
at a loss, take a fancy to, take an interest in,
take a liking, a pity, tell a lie, in a fit of rage.
Note:- Exams mein article 'a' ko remove

sh
karke error diye jate hai.
e.g. (i) He found himself in fix when his car
ra
broke down. (use 'in a fix')
(ii) In a nutshell, the project was a success. []
P
1. She is in an hurry (a)/to meet (b)/her brother.
(c)/no error (d)
by

[CGL Pre 2023]

2. Today, in fit of frenzied rage and (a)/jealousy,
you would have (b)/killed me, your brother.
ish

(c)/no error (d)

[SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 Shift-II]
3. I was (a)/at loss and (b)/did not know what
gl

to do. (c)/no error (d)

En

[SSC CGL 2016]

Answer key
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (b)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 49

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Rule 46
Diye gaye phrases ko yaad rakhein, inn mein

ir
article nahi aata hai.

tS
Word list:- to lose heart, to set foot, to give
ear, at home, last but not least, to catch fire,
in hand, set on fire, by car/bus/air, at last,

an
by mistake, in danger, to take heart, at/to
work, go to sea, etc.
Note:- Exams mein article 'a' ko laga kar

sh
error diye jate hai.
e.g. (i) He was the first person to set a foot on
ra
the island. (use 'to set foot')
(ii) He refused to give ear to any excuses. []
P
1. We were busy at (a)/the work and went (b)/
for lunch only (c)/at 2.30 pm. (d)
by

[CHSL 17/03/2020 Shift-III]

2. The day before yesterday (a)/he left for
ish

Europe (b)/by the air (c)/no error (d)

[CPO 13/12/2019 Shift-I]
3. Nelson left his home (a)/and went (b)/to the
gl

sea (c)/at an early age. (d)

[Phase-IX 08/02/2022 Shift-III]
En

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 50

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Rule 47
Present indefinite tense:-

ir
Structure:-

tS
• Affirmative - subject + V1/(V+s/es) + ....
• Negative - subject + do/does + not + V1 + ....

an
• Yes/no questions - do/does + subject + not +
V1 + ....?

sh
• Wh-questions - Wh-words + do/does + subject
+ (not) + V1 + ....?
ra
Usage:-
(i) Key words - daily, always, never, seldom,
P
whenever, often, sometimes, occasionally,
rarely, every day/week/month, etc.
by

(ii) Fact, universal truth, regular action, habit,

etc.
ish

(iii) Newspaper headlines, commentaries, etc.

(iv) Future time ke fixed ya definite ya planned
actions.
gl

Common mistakes:-
En

(i) I, we, you, they aur plural subject ke saath

V1 ya ‘do’ ka prayog hota hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 51
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(ii) He, she, it aur singular subjects ke saath

V1 + s/es ya does ka prayog hota hai.
(iii) Agar sentence mein ‘do/does’ ho tab main

ir
verb mein s/es nahi lagta.

tS
e.g. (i) Radhika live in Delhi. (use 'lives')
(ii) Does she lives in Delhi? (use 'live')

an
1. While driving, Satheesh always (a)/switches
off his mobile phone (b)/and kept it in the

sh
dashboard. (c)/no error (d)
ra [SSC Steno 18/11/2022 Shift-I]
2. A child learnt the basics of (a)/his mother
tongue mainly from (b)/his interactions with
P
the mother. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC Steno 17/11/2022 Shift-II]
by

3. The Cannes Film festival (a)/attract some at

(b)/the world's (c)/most famous people. (d)
ish

[SSC CHSL 02/07/2019]

4. In order to connect (a)/these themes to a
wider (b)/historical context, Rahul go (c)/
gl

beyond aesthetic analysis.

[SSC CHSL 2024]
En

Answer key
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 52

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Rule 48
Present continuous tense:-

ir
Structure:-

tS
• Affirmative - subject + is/am/are + V1+ing +
....
• Negative - subject + is/am/are + not + V1+ing

an
+ ....
• Yes/no questions - is/am/are + subject + (not)

sh
+ V1+ing ....?
• Wh-questions - wh-words + is/am/are +
ra
subject + (not) + V1+ing ....?
Usage:-
P
• Key words - now, at the moment, now-a-
days, these days, this week, look!, listen!,
by

sh!, hurry up!, currently, etc.

• Gradual changes ko dikhane ke liye.
ish

Common mistakes:-
(i) You, we, they aur plural subjects ke saath
‘are’ lagta hai aur I ke saath ‘am’ aur he, she,
gl

it aur singular subjects ke saath ‘is’ lagta hai.

En

e.g. (i) Children are playing in the park. []

(ii) Where are you working at present? []
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 53
 Pocket Rocket
1. I am dealing with (a)/some family issues (b)/
right now. (c)/no error (d)
[MTS 07/07/2022 shift-III]

ir
2. I am currently worked (a)/with a newly (b)/

tS
set up marketing company. (c)/no error (d)
[MTS 08/07/2022 shift-III]

an
3. Sh! someone (a)/listens to (b)/our conversation.
(c)/no error (d)
[CPO 23/11/2020 Shift-I]

sh
4. More than 40 percent of (a)/the world's
population lives in regions (b)/where water has
ra
becoming increasingly scarce. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CHSL 17/03/2023 shift-II]
P
Answer key
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c)
by

Rule 49
Diye gaye stative verbs ko yaad rakhein:-
ish

• Know, realise, understand, recognise, believe,

feel, suppose, remember, love, like, mind,
prefer, hate, dislike, possess, have, own, belong,
gl

comprise, contain, consist, include, exclude,

seem, look, appear, sound, resemble, etc.
En

Note:- Stative verbs ka prayog continuous

tense mein nahi hota.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 54
 Pocket Rocket

Note:- Inme se kuchh verbs aise hote hain jo

action verbs ke roop mein bhi kaam karte
hain, jaise:

ir
Smell: sunghna sugandh/Mahak

tS
Taste: swaad lena swadist hona
e.g. (i) They are smelling the flowers. []
(ii) The documents containing sensitive

an
information. (use 'contain')
1. I was not able to solve (a)/the questions as (b)/

sh
I was not knowing the answer. (c)/no error (d)
[CPO 14/03/2019 (Evening)]
2.
ra
My brother (a)/is resembling (b)/my mother.
(c)/no error (d)
P
[SSC Steno 2023]
3. It is sad (a)/that you (b)/are believing (c)/in
by

superstitious rituals. (d)

[SSC CHSL 2024]
4. I am hearing (a)/a strange (b)/noise now. (c)/
ish

no error (d)
[CPO 23/11/2020 Shift-I]
gl

5. Are you having (a)/your own transport (b)/to

go home from work? (c)/no error (d)
En

Answer key
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (a)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 55

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Rule 50
Present perfect tense:-

ir
Structure:-
• Affirmative - subject + has/have + V3 + ....

tS
• Negative - subject + has/have + not + V3 + ....
• Yes/no questions - has/have + subject + (not)

an
+ V3 + .....?
• Wh-questions - Wh-words + has/have +

sh
subject + (not) + V3 + ....?
Usage:- ra
• Key words - recently, till now, yet, so far, of
late, lately, presently, ever, just, already, etc.
P
• Agar koi action past mein hua ho lekin uska
asar (effect) present mein ho, tab bhi present
by

perfect tense ka prayog kiya jata hai.

• ‘Yet’ ko generally present perfect tense ke
negative ya interrogative sentence mein
ish

prayog kiya jata hai.

e.g. (i) I have reached Delhi. []
gl

(ii) He has not studied the book yet. []

1. How many sums (a)/had you solve (b)/so far?
En

(c)/no error (d)

[SSC CGL Mains 03/02/2022]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 56

 Pocket Rocket

2. We did not see (a)/this movie (b)/yet. (c)/no

error (d)
[SSC Stenographer's exam]

ir
3. Have you (a)/ever being (b)/to New York? (c)/

tS
no error (d)
[MTS 14/08/2019 Shift-II]
4. The professor recently describes 1500 tests

an
(a)/in which blind people passed with greater
(b)/ease than those who could see! (c)/no

sh
error (d)
ra [SSC CGL Mains]
Answer key
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a)
P
Rule 51
Present perfect continuous tense:-
by

Jab koi action, past mein 'shuru hokar or

present mein bhi continue ho tab usi action ke
liye present perfect continuous tense ka prayog
ish

karte hai.
Structure:-
gl

• Affirmative - subject + has/have + been +

V1+ing + ..... + since/for
En

• Negative - subject + has/have + not + been +

V1+ing + ..... + since/for
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 57
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• Yes/no questions - Has/Have + subject + (not)

+ been + V1+ing + ..... + since/for
• Wh-questions - Wh-words + has/have + subject

ir
+ (not) + been + V1 + ing + ..... + since/for

tS
e.g. (i) Radhika is studying for three hours. (use
'has been')
(ii) They have not been working on the

an
project for morning. (use 'since')
1. The share market (a)/is been suffering losses

sh
(b)/due to the pandemic. (c)/no error (d)
ra [HCM (DP) 18/10/2022]
2. Elina is (a)/travelling (b)/since (c)/yesterday. (d)
[SSC CHSL 27/05/2022 Shift-III]
P
3. We are waiting (a)/for the minister for (b)/the
last two hours. (c)/no error (d)
by

[SSC CHSL 2021]

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a)
ish

Rule 52
Since v/s for:-
• Since  with words denoting point of time:-
gl

Word list:- since Tuesday, since 3 pm, since

January, since 2019, since morning, since
En

that day, since then, since Holi, since

childhood, since last week, etc.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 58
 Pocket Rocket

• For  with words denoting period of time:-

Word list:- 10 days, 15 minutes, 2 weeks,
one year, 5 hours, 6 months, long time,

ir
years, many days, etc.

tS
Note:- 'Since' and 'for' ke sath continuous
tense nahi perfect continuous tense aata

an
hai. 'for' ke sath indefinite tense aa sakta
hai but 'since' ke sath nahi.
Note:- ‘Last + time words’ ke pahle since

sh
ka prayog hota hai lekin ‘the + last + time
words’ ke pahle for ka prayog hota hai.
ra
Note:- Since ke baad hum past ke kisi action
ko ‘point of time’ ke roop mein likh sakte
P
hain. Note karne wali baat yeh hai ki agar
by

since ke baad kisi action ko point of time

ke roop mein likhna pade tab vah action past
indefinite tense mein likha jata hai.
ish

e.g. (i) She hasn't seen him for that day. (use 'since')
(ii) She has been working hard since the
last week. (use 'for')
gl

1. Mr. Kansai has been living (a)/in Delhi (b)/

En

since years.(c)/no error (d)

[MTS 06/08/219 (Morning)]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 59

 Pocket Rocket

2. She has been working (a)/tirelessly (b)/since

hours. (c)/no error (d)
[CPO 24/11/2020 (Morning)]

ir
3. We have been staying (a)/at the hotel (b)/

tS
since the last ten days. (c)/no error (d)
[MTS 16/08/2019 (Evening)]
Answer key

an
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (c)
Rule 53

sh
Past indefinite:-
Iska prayog past mein complete huye one
time action ya repeated action ko dikhane ke
ra
liye kiya jata hai.
Structure:-
P
• Affirmative: subject + V2 + ....
• Negative: subject + did + not + V1 + ....?
by

• Yes/no questions: did + subject + (not) + V1 + ....?

• Wh-questions: wh-words + did + subject +
(not) + V1 + ....?
ish

Usage:-
• Agar sentence mein yesterday, last night, last
year/month, ago, etc. jaise key words hain
gl

tab past indefinite tense ka prayog hota hai.

Common mistakes:-
En

• Did ke baad V2 ka nahi balki V1 ka prayog

hota hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 60
 Pocket Rocket

e.g. (i) She has gone to market yesterday. (use

'went')

ir
(ii) Kavita didn't came to Delhi last year.
(use 'come')

tS
1. In 1920's, new technology (a)/has allowed
filmmakers (b)/to attach to each film a

an
soundtrack of speech. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CHSL 2021]
2. Once I run in (a)/the Sonoran Desert in Arizona

sh
(b)/after a huge rain event. (c)/no error (d)
ra [SSC CHSL 18/03/2023 Shift-II]
3. He has broken (a)/his leg (b)/yesterday. (c)/
no error (d)
P
[SSC CHSL 02/07/2024 Shift-II]
by

4. She (a)/did not watched (b)/Frankenstein (c)/

last night. (d)
[SSC CHSL 2024]
ish

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b)

Rule 54
gl

Past cointnuous tense:-

En

Iska prayog past ke ongoing action ko

dikhane ke liye kiya jata hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 61
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Structure:-
• Affirmative - subject + was/were + V1+ing + ....
• Negative - subject + was/were + not + V1+ing

ir
+ ....

tS
• Yes/no questions - was/were + subject + (not)
+ V1+ing + ....?

an
• Wh-questions - Wh-words + was/were +
subject + (not) + V1+ing + ....?
e.g. (i) The children were sleeping when the

sh
guests arrived. []
(ii) I slept while I was studying. []
ra
Rule 55
P
Past perfect tense:-
Past ke kisi point par complete ya past ke
by

kisi point se pahle complete huye actions ko

dikhane ke liye iss tense ka prayog hota hai.
Structure:-
ish

• Affirmative - subject + had + V3 + .....

• Negative - subject + had + not + V3 + ....
gl

• Yes/no questions - had + subject + (not) + V3

+ ....
En

• Wh-questions - Wh-words + had + subject +

(not) + V3 + ....?
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 62
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e.g. (i) She had finish her homework before the

movie started. (use 'finished')

ir
(ii) I had not wash my clothes before going
to the market. (use 'washed')

tS
1. The train was already left (a)/before we (b)/
reached the platform. (c)/no error (d)

an
[SSC CHSL 2021]
2. The concert has started (a)/when he (b)/

sh
reached the venue. (c)/no error (d)
ra [CGL Mains 18/11/2020]
3. Emperor Ashoka have conquered (a)/Kalinga
before he (b)/embraced Buddhism. (c)/no
error (d)
P
MTS 19/08/2019 (Afternoon)]
by

Answer key
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a)

Rule 56
ish

Past perfect continuous tense:-

Structure:-
gl

• Affirmative - subject + had + been V1+ing + ...

since/for ....
En

• Negative - subject + had + not + been + V1+ing

+ .... since/for ....
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 63
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• Yes/no questions - Had + subject + (not) +

been + V1+ing + .... since/for ....?
• Wh-questions - Wh-words + had + subject + (not)

ir
+ been + V1+ing + .... since/for ....?

tS
e.g. (i) They had worked on the project since
morning. (use 'had been working')
(ii) He had not been living in that city since

an
five years before he moved. (use 'for')
1. He was sleeping (a)/for two hours (b)/when

sh
someone knocked at the door. (c)/no error (d)
ra [CRPF HCM 22/02/2023 Shift-II]
2. She has been cooking (a)/the meal for over an
hour (b)/when we arrived (c)/at her house. (d)
P
[CRPF HCM 26/02/2023 shift-I]
3. She needed a break then (a)/because she had
by

solved (b)/mathematical problems (c)/all

morning. (d)
[HCM (DP) 20/10/2022 Shift-II]
ish

Answer key
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (b)
gl

Rule 57
Future indefinite tense:-
En

Structure:-
• Affirmative - subject + will/shall + V1 + ....
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 64
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• Negative - subject + will/shall + not + V1 + ....

• Yes/no questions - will/shall + subject + (not)
+ V1 + ....?

ir
• Wh-questions - Wh-words + will/shall + subject

tS
+ (not) + V1 + ....?
e.g. (i) He will help you with your homework.

an
(ii) They will not visit the museum next week.
1. I hope your (a)/health is getting (b)/better by
next week. (c)/no error (d)

sh
ra (use correct future tense)
[SSC CHSL 04/07/2024 Shift-II]
2. Shall have (a)/you bring (b)/your note-book
(c)/tomorrow? (d)
P
[SSC CHSL 10/07/2024 Shift-III]
by

Answer key
1. (b) (will get) 2. (a)

Rule 58
ish

Future continuous tense:-

Structure:-
gl

• Affirmative - subject + will/shall + be + V1+ing

+ ....
En

• Negative - subject + will/shall + not + be +

V1+ing + ....?
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 65
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• Yes/no question - will/shall + subject + (not)

+ be + V1+ing + ....?
• Wh-questions - Wh-words + will/shall + sub +

ir
(not) + be + V1+ing + ....?

tS
e.g. (i) He will be waiting for you at the station. []
(ii) She will not study for her exams

an
tomorrow. (use 'be studying')
1. The meeting (a)/will taking (b)/place next (c)/
Wednesday. (d)

sh
[SSC CHSL 03/07/2024 Shift-II]
2. She will being (a)/studying for (b)/her exams
ra
tomorrow. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CHSL 04/07/2024 Shift-I]
P
3. She shall being (a)/travelling (b)/by this time
by

(c)/tomorrow. (d)
[SSC CHSL 05/07/2024 Shift-I]
Answer key
ish

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a)

Rule 59
gl

Future perfect tense:-

Structure:-
En

• Affirmative - subject + will/shall + have + V3 +

....
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 66
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• Negative - subject + will/shall + not + have

+V3 + ....
• Yes/no questions - will/shall + sub. + (not) +

ir
have + V3 + ....?

tS
• Wh-questions - Wh-words + will/shall + sub
+ (not) + have + V3 + ....?

an
Hint:- Generally 'by' ke sath future ki
deadline di gayi hoti hai ya 'already' ka
prayog hota hai.

sh
e.g. (i) Radhika will complete her homework by
tomorrow. (use 'have completed')
ra
(ii) They will not finished the project by next
week. (use 'have finished')
P
1. She will already return home (a)/when her
by

parents get back (b)/from their offices.(c)/no

error (d)
[SSC Steno 17/11/2022 Shift-I]
ish

2. By next year, (a)/they will have (b)/build their

new tower. (c)/no error (d)
gl

[SSC Steno 17/11/2022 Shift-I]

3. Will Ramya (a)/had completed (b)/that work
En

(c)/by 2025? (d)

[SSC CPO 2023]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 67

 Pocket Rocket

4. I have reached the hotel (a)/by the time (b)/

you call me. (c)/no error (d)

ir
[SSC CPO 2023]
Answer key

tS
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a)

Rule 60

an
Future perfect continuous tense:-
Structure:-

sh
• Affirmative - subject + will/shall + have +
been + V1+ing + ....
ra
• Negative - subject + will/shall + not + have +
been + V1+ing + ....
P
• Yes/no questions - will/shall + sub + (not) +
have + been + V1+ing + ....?
by

• Wh-questions - Wh-words + will/shall + sub +

(not) + have + been + V1+ing + ....?
Hint:- Future time ke sath-sath for + period
ish

of time diya gaya hota hai.

e.g. (i) Kavita will be studying for three hours
gl

by the time you arrive. (use 'have been')

(ii) We shall not have waited for you for an
En

hour by the time you get here. (use 'been

waiting')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 68
 Pocket Rocket

1. On her fortieth birthday next month, (a)/

Garima will be working (b)/as a teacher (c)/
for sixteen years. (d)

ir
[CRPF HCM 26/02/2023 Shift-I]

tS
2. By this time tomorrow, (a)/you will be playing
(b)/the violin (c)/for 48 hours. (d)
[SSC Steno 18/11/2022 Shift-I]

an
3. By next year, (a)/we will been living (b)/in
Bengaluru for eight years. (c)/no error (d)

sh
[SSC Steno 18/11/2022 Shift-I]
4. Ajay will have been (a)/writing his home work
all day (b)/by the time his mom returns (c)/
ra
no error (d)
P
[CRPF (HCM) 26/02/2023]
Answer key
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (d)
by

Rule 61
Indefinite v/s continuous tense:-
ish

(a) Indefinite tense

• Permanent actions, Universal truth,
proverbs, quick actions, states, main
gl

events, etc.
(b) Continuous tense
En

• Temporarily ongoing actions, background

actions, gradual changes, etc.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 69
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Hint:-
• As soon as, whenever, adverbs of
frequency, etc. ke sath indefinite tense

ir
aata hai.

tS
• While, these days, now, day by day,
etc. ke sath continuous tense aata hai.
e.g. (i) The earth is revolving around the Sun.

an
(use 'revolves')
(ii) The weather of Delhi changed day by

sh
day. (use 'is changing')
(iii) A dog bit her when she walked in the
ra
park. (use 'was walking')
1. The children in the assembly (a)/were
P
dispersing (b)/as soon as they (c)/heard the
announcement. (d)
by

[CGL Pre 06/12/2022 Shift-III]

2. The balloon flew up (a)/as soon as (b)/the
man cutting the string. (c)/no error (d)
ish

[SSC CGL Mains 23/08/2021 Shift-III]

3. As soon as the bus driver (a)/was seeing the
child crossing (b)/the road, he applied the
gl

brakes. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CHSL 04/08/2021 Shift-II]
En

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 70

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Rule 62
Tense se related kuchh basic points:-

ir
(a) Agar sentence ki main clause past tense

tS
mein ho tab sub-ordinate clause ko bhi past
tense mein likhte hain.
(b) Agar sentence ki main clause past tense

an
mein ho lekin sub-ordinate clause mein koi
universal facts, proverbs, etc. likhi ho tab

sh
sub-ordinate clause ko present tense mein
hi likhte hain.
Hint:- Past ka reference hone par past tense
ra
aur present ka reference hone par present
tense aata hai.
P
(Past reference - past time, past persons,
by

past events, past form of verb, etc.)

(Present reference - general facts, scientific
facts, existing situations, etc.)
ish

e.g. (i) He told me that they visit Delhi. (use 'visited')

(ii) My teacher told me that honesty was the
gl

best policy. (use 'is')

1. He told his friends (a)/that he is gone (b)/to
En

visit his parents (c)/in the evening. (d)

[SSC Steno 17/11/2022 Shift-II]

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2. The students looked confused, (a)/so the

teacher (b)/explain the topic again. (c)/no
error (d)

ir
[MTS 11/07/2022 Shift-II]

tS
Answer key
1. (b) 2. (c)
Rule 63

an
Ago v/s before:-
Structure:-

sh
• ‘Ago’ ka prayog past indefinite tense mein
hota hai.
ra
• ‘Before’ ka prayog perfect tense mein hota
hai.
P
e.g. (i) The event took place a month ago. []
(ii) They moved to this city before the
by

project started. (use 'had moved')

1. In the primitive (a)/oceans, (b)/life begins (c)/
ish

nearly 3.5 billion years ago. (d)

[MTS 18/07/2022 Shift-II]
2. She has returned (a)/from Delhi (b)/a month
gl

ago. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CHSL 2021]
En

Answer key
1. (c) 2. (a)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 72

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Rule 64
Jab past ke 2 actions diye gaye ho tab.

ir
• Baad mein hone wale action ko past indefinite
tense mein aur pahle hone wale action ko

tS
past perfect tense mein likha jata hai.
Structure:-

an
• Past indefinite + after + past perfect
• Past perfect + before + past indefinite

sh
e.g. (i) They had started the movie after they
had prepared the popcorn. (drop 'had')
(ii) We had arrived at the station before the
ra
train had departed. (drop 'had')
1. The train was already left (a)/before we (b)/
P
reached the platform. (c)/no error (d)
by

[SSC CHSL 2021]

2. The doctor came (a)/after the patient had (b)/
pass away (c)/no error (d)
ish

[SSC CGL 2023]

Answer key
1. (a) 2. (c)
gl

Rule 65
‘By the time’ ka prayog past perfect,
En

future perfect aur conditional sentences mein

hota hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 73
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Structure:-
• subject + had + V3 + .... + by the time +
subject + V2 + ....

ir
• subject + will/have + V3 .... + by the time +

tS
subject + V1 + ....
• subject + would have + V3 .... + by the time +

an
subject + V2 + .... (unreal condition)
e.g. (i) He completed his work by the time I

sh
called him. (use 'had completed')
(ii) He will have completed his work by the
ra
time I called him. (use 'call')
1. By the time (a)/we will reach the station, (b)/
P
the train will have already left. (c)/no error
(d)
by

[SSC steno 18/11/2022 Shift-III]

2. By the time they reach (a)/the railway station
the train (b)/will have left. (c)/no error (d)
ish

[SSC]
3. By the time I reaching (a)/the metro station
gl

(b)/the train had departed. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CPO Pre 2024]
En

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 74

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Rule 66
Time ke saath banne wale important structures:

ir
Structure:-
• It is (high/about/apt) time + sub + V2

tS
• It is time + (for someone) + to + V1
e.g. (i) It is high time Radhika call me. (use 'called')

an
(ii) It is about time you go home. (use 'went')
1. It is high time (a)/we renovate (b)/our old
house (c)/no error (d)

sh
[SSC]
2. It is high time you (a)/decide on (b)/your next
ra
course of action (c)/no error (d)
[SSC]
P
Answer key
1. (b) 2. (b)
by

Rule 67
Rules of Conditional sentences:-
(a) Types of conditional sentences:
ish
gl
En

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Note:-
• Will ki jagah can/may/shall aa sakta
hai.

ir
• Would ki jagah could/might/should aa

tS
sakta hai.
• If ke sath will/shall ka prayog na karein.

an
• Kabhi bhi was ka prayog na karein.
e.g. (i) If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at

sh
home. (use 'rains')
(ii) If I was rich, I would travel the world.
ra
(use 'were')
(iii) If he had studied harder, he would have
P
passed the exam. []
1. If you had apprised me about (a)/your
by

problem earlier, (b)/I would have allow you

to go. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CHSL 01/07/2024 Shift-III]
ish

2. When Serena (a)/will arrive, (b)/she will (c)/

call you. (d)
gl

[SSC CHSL 11/07/2024 Shift-I]

3. The teacher will (a)/certainly help you (b)/if
En

you will (c)/ask her. (d)

[SSC CHSL 11/07/2024 Shift-III]

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Answer key
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c)
Rule 68

ir
Modal verbs ke baad V1 ka prayog karte hai.

tS
Modals with basic meaning.
• Shall/Will – future

an
• Could/can – ability
• May/might – obligation/assumption
• Have to/had to – obligation

sh
• Should – duty/suggestion/(Chahiye ke sense mein)
• Ought to – Moral duty/suggestion
ra
• Used to – Past habit
P
• Need – Necessity
• Dare – Courage
by

1. Looking at (a)/clouds in the (b)/sky, I think

(c)/it will raining. (d)
[SSC Steno.17/11/2022 Shift-III]
ish

2. By next year, (a)/we will been living (b)/in

Bengaluru for eight years. (c)/no error (d)
gl

[SSC Steno.18/11/2022 Shift-I]

3. By next March, (a)/ we will had been (b)/
En

living here for ten years. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC Steno.18/11/2022 Shift-II]

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4. He is such (a)/an untruthful man, (b)/that no

one (c)/will believing him. (d)

ir
[SSC CHSL 30/05/2022 Shift-III]
5. “I'm afraid I must left now,” (a)/said the guest

tS
after (b)/the inaugural function was over. (c)/
no error (d)

an
[CHSL 10/07/2019 Shift-II]
Answer key
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (a)

sh
Rule 69
ra
Shall/will, can, may ka prayog past mein
nahi karte hai inki jagah would/should, could,
might ka prayog karte hai.
P
e.g. (i) I told him that he can do the worth. (use
by

‘could’)
(ii) They asked him if he may help them.
(use ‘might’)
ish

1. Mr. Rao asked the newcomer (a)/to his

office (b)/if he will minded (c)/working
gl

late that day. (d)

CGL 23/8/2021 S2
En

Answer key
1. (c)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 78

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Rule 70
Time aur condition ke clause mein shall/will

ir
ka prayog nahi kiya jata hai, isliye neeche likhe
conjunctions ke bad shall/will ka prayog na karein.

tS
Word list:- If, unless, until, when, as soon as,
as long as, after, before, by the time, in case

an
etc.
e.g. (i) If you will help me, I will give you a gift.
(drop ‘will’)

sh
(ii) By the time they will reach here, I will
have eaten all the food. (drop ‘will’)
ra
1. By the time (a)/we will reach the station, (b)/
the train will have already left. (c)/no error
P
(d)
by

[SSC STENO.18/11/2022 Shift-III]

2. We will rest for (a)/sometime when (b)/we will
reach the top. (c)/no error (d)
ish

[CGL 06/6/2019 Shift-III]

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (c)
gl

Rule 71
'Need' aur 'dare' jab helping verb (modal)
En

hote hain tab inke baad V1 aur jab ye main verb

hote hain tab inke baad to + V1 aata hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 79
 Pocket Rocket

Note:- Ye keval negative aur interrogative

sentence mein modal ban sakte hain.
Note:- ‘Not’ ke bad M.V. aur pehle H.V. ati hai.

ir
e.g. (i) You need not to help me (drop ‘to’)

tS
(ii) They need help you. (Use ‘to help’)
Rule 72

an
Used to ke sath banane vale important
structures.

sh
Structure:-
• Sub + Used to + V1 (Past habit) (affirmative)
ra
• Sub + did not + use to + V1 (negative)
• Sub + be/get/become + used to + V1 + ing (habit)
P
• Sub + be + used to + V1 (passive voice)
e.g. (i) I am used to work late night (use 'working')
by

(ii) He used to visiting her house daily (use 'visit')

Rule 73
ish

Had better/would rather ke baad

hamesha verb ki first form ka prayog kiya
gl

jata hai aur 'not' ka prayog inke baad mein

hota hai.
En

e.g. (i) I had better prepared for the exam. (use

'prepare')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 80
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(ii) He would better solve the problems given

by his teacher. []
1. You'd better (a)/gone now, (b)/or you'll be

ir
late. (c)/no error (d)

tS
[SSC CGL Mains 2010]
2. I would (a)/rather to (b)/die than beg. (c)/no
error (d)

an
[SSC CPO Pre 06/07/2018]
Answer key

sh
1. (b) 2. (b)

Rule 74
ra
V1 = V2 = V3:-
V1 V2 V3
P
Shut Shut Shut
Split Split Split
by

Hurt Hurt Hurt

Burst Burst Burst
Let Let Let
ish

Broadcast Broadcast Broadcast

Cast Cast Cast
gl

Read Read Read

Spread Spread Spread
En

e.g. (i) She putted on a southern accent when

she answered the phone. (use 'put')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 81
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1. We usually sleep in (a)/bedrooms with the

door (b)/firmly shuted (c)/behind us. (d)
[MTS 13/07/2022 Shift-II]

ir
2. Increasing racism and hate crimes (a)/casted

tS
a shadow (b)/over elections. (c)/No error. (d)
[SSC 19/05/2013]
3. Raman putted the vegetables (a)/in the frying

an
pan (b)/and after adding some water, (c)/
closed the lid. (d)

sh
[CGL 16/8/2021 Shift-III]
Answer key
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a)
ra
Rule 75
Important Verb Forms:-
P
V1 V2 V3
by

Sing Sang Sung

Begin Began Begun
Swim Swam Swum
ish

Bring Brought Brought

Buy Bought Bought
Get Got Got
gl

Forget Forgot Forgotten

Become Became Become
En

Welcome Welcomed Welcomed

Swing Swang Swung
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 82
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Take Took Taken

See Saw Seen
Bite Bit Bitten

ir
Beat Beat Beaten

tS
e.g. (i) He has beated me very badly. (use 'beaten')
(ii) She loves to sung her favourite songs
every morning. (use 'sing')

an
1. The monkeys swinged (a)/on the branches
and (b)/jumped over the compound wall. (c)/

sh
no error (d)
ra [CHSL 5/8/2021 Shift-II]
2. He tried to run away (a)/but was soon (b)/
overtook by (c)/some policemen. (d)
P
[CGL Mains 2020 ]
3. On the way (a)/he was bited (b)/on his toe
by

(c)/by a poisonous snake. (d)

[CGL 10/6/2019 Shift-III]
Answer key
ish

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b)

Rule 76
V1 V2 V3 Adj.
gl

Sink Sank Sunk Sunken

Drink Drank Drunk Drunken
En

Shrink Shrank Shrunk Shrunken

Strike Struck Struck Stricken
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 83
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Melt Melted Melted Molten

Get Got Got Gotten
Rot Rotted Rotted Rotten

ir
Prove Proved Proved Proven

tS
Load Loaded Loaded Laden
e.g. (i) The mango is rotted. (use 'rotten')

an
(ii) She was wearing newly gotten dress. []
1. The apple tree (a)/was loaded with (b)/fruit.

sh
(c)/no error (d)
ra [SSC CGL Mains 08/08/2022]
Answer key
1. (b)
P
Rule 77
Confusing pair of verbs:-
by

(a) Bear  Bore  Born (to give birth – janm dena)

Bear  Bore  Borne (to tolerate – sahan karna)
ish

(b) Fall  Fell  Fallen (to descend freely -

girna) (ITV)
Fell  Felled  Felled (to bring down -
gl

girana) (TV)
(c) Wind  Wound  Wound (to turn - mudna)
En

Wound  Wounded  Wounded (to hurt –

chot pahuchana)
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 84
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(d) Find  Found  Found (to discover -

khojna/pana)

ir
Found  Founded  Founded (to establish
– sthapit karna)

tS
(e) Hang  Hanged  Hanged (faansi dena)
Hang  Hung  Hung (latakana)

an
(f) Grind  Ground  Ground (to reduce sth
in small pieces - peesna)

sh
Ground  Grounded  Grounded (to land
– jameen par lana)
ra
(g) Rise  Rose  Risen (badhna) (ITV)
Raise  Raised  Raised (badhana) (TV)
P
(h) Arise  Arose  Arisen (uthna) (ITV)
by

Arouse  Aroused  Aroused (uthana) (TV)

(i) Lie  Lay  Lain  Lying (rakha hona) (ITV)
ish

Lay  Laid  Laid  Laying (rakhna) (TV)

Lie  Lied  Lied  Lying (Jhooth bolna)
gl

e.g. (i) I founded my missing wallet in the car.

(use 'found')
En

(ii) She found the company in 1990. (use

'founded')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 85
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1. The Andes mountains (a)/lay between (b)/

Chile and Argentina. (c)/no error (d)

ir
[MTS 22/07/2022 Shift-III]
2. The snow storm (a)/will effect (b)/thousands

tS
of travellers. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CHSL 10/03/2023 Shift-I]

an
3. The recent discoveries (a)/have risen hopes
(b)/about possible applications. (c)/no error

sh
(d)
ra [SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 Shift-I]
4. Lay your books aside and (a)/lay down to rest
(b)/for a while. (c)/no error (d)
P
[SSC CGL Mains 2010]
5. He was so curious (a)/that he rose many (b)/
by

questions in the meeting. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CGL Pre 2023]
ish

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (b)

Rule 78
gl

Confusing Pair of Words:-

En

1. Vocation = Profession (vyavsay)

Vacation = Holiday (avkash)
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 86
 Pocket Rocket

2. Ensure = Make certain (sunischit karna)

Insure = Provide insurance (Bima karna)
Assure = Give Confidence (Aashvashan dena)

ir
3. Whither = To where (kahan)

tS
Wither = To dry up or fade (murjhana)
Weather = Atmospheric conditions (Mausam)

an
Whether = Expresses choice or doubt (Kya)
4. Vain = Conceited or having excessive pride
(Ahankari)

sh
Vein = Blood vessel (Raktvahini)
5. Adopt = Accept or To Take on (Grahan karna)
ra
Adept = Skilled or proficient (Kushal)
Adapt = To adjust or modify (Anukulit Karna)
P
6. Contagious = Spreads illness (Sankramak)
Contiguous = Adjacent (Satey huey)
by

7. Canvas = Fabric (Tent ka kapda)

Canvass = Survey (Sarvekshan)
8. Advice (N) = Recommendation (Salah)
ish

Advise (V) = Recommend (Salah dena)

9. Effect (N) = Result (Parinaam)
gl

Affect (V) = To influence (Prabhavit karna)

10. Accept = To receive or agree (Savikrat karna)
En

Except = To exclude (Apvaad)

Expect = To hope (aasha karna)
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 87
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11. Desert - Arid land (Registan)

Dessert = Sweet course (Mithai)
12. Credulous = Gullible (Ati-vishwasheel)

ir
Credible = Believable (Vishwasniya)

tS
13. Decent = Proper or respectable (Accha)
Descent = Origin or downward movement
(Utpatti ya Utaar)

an
14. Assent = Agreement (Sehmati)
Ascent = Climb or rise (Chadhai)

sh
15. Complain (V) = To express dissatifaction
(Shikayat karna)ra
Complaint (N) = a statement of dissatisfaction
(Noun)
P
16. Stationary = Not moving (Sthir)
Stationery = Writing materials (Kagaz aur
by

Kalam)
17. Quite = To a considerable extent (Kaafi)
Quiet = Silent (Shaant)
ish

Quit = To stop or leave (Chhodna)

18. Principal = Head of a school or main
gl

(Pradhan, Mukhya)
Principle = Fundamental rule or belief
En

19. Illicit = Forbiden by law or rules (Avaidh)

Elicit = to draw out/bring forth (Utejit Karna)
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 88
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20. Loose = Not tight or free (Dheela)

Lose = To misplace or not win (Khona)
Loss = The state of losing (Haani)

ir
21. Practice (N) = The act of doing something

tS
regularly (Abhyash)
Practise (V) = To perform or do repeatedly
(Abhyas karna)

an
22. Success (N) = Safal
Succeed (V) = Safal hona

sh
23. Interior (Adj.) = Connected with the inside
part of something
ra
Internal (Adj.) = Connected with the inside of
sth
P
Ulterior (Adj.) = That you keep hidden or secret
1. The teacher asked (a)/the students to be quite
by

(b)/during the exam. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CPO 2023]
2. The frog adopts itself (a)/to live both in (b)/
ish

water and on land. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CGL Pre 2023]
gl

3. You must avoid riding in crowded bus (a)/or

travelling in a metro (b)/ during rush hour (c)/
En

as both are quiet unpleasant experiences. (d)

[SSC CGL Pre 2023]

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4. The young men from Japan (a)/found the
assent of the mountain (b)/hard going (c)/no
error (d)

ir
[SSC Tax assistant 11/12/2005]

tS
5. Contented people (a)/seldom complaint (b)/
against (c)/their fate. (d)
[CGL Mains 08/08/2022]

an
6. Solutions to (a)/the coutnry's interior (b)/
problems are still (c)/a long way away.(d)

sh
[SSC CGL 11/09/2024 (Shift-III)]
7. Mr. Surya (a)/have no interior (b)/motive in
offering (c)/you support. (d)
ra
[SSC CGL 13/09/2024 (Shift-I)]
Answer key
P
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (b)
6. (b) 7. (b)
by

Rule 79
Inn verbs ke sath 'as' ka prayog nahi hota
ish

hai:- Name, appoint, make, elect, select, choose,

consider, think, nominate, declare, etc.
Structure:-
gl

• Verb + object + as [×] + noun/pronoun

e.g. (i) The esteemed company of this city
En

appointed me as the manager. (drop 'as')

(ii) My friend called me hero. []
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 90
 Pocket Rocket
1. They made her (a)/as the Chairperson (b)/of
their bank. (c)/no error (d)
[CGL Mains 12/09/2019]

ir
Answer key

tS
1. (b)

Rule 80

an
In verbs ke sath 'as' ka prayog kiya jata hai:-
Portray, depict, mention, regard, describe, know,
define, treat, view, etc.

sh
Structure:-
• Verbs + object + as [] + noun/pronoun
ra
e.g. (i) He mentioned her a potential candidate
for the position. (use 'as' after 'her')
P
(ii) They treated her one of their own family
members. (use 'as' after 'her')
by

Rule 81
Causative verbs:-
ish

Diye gaye causative verbs ke structure ko

yaad rakhein:
gl

Structure:-
• Make + obj. (doer) + V1 (bare infinitive) (active)
En

• Be + made + to + V1 (passive)
• Get (M.V.) + obj. (doer) + to + V1
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 91
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• Get (M.V.) + obj. (non-doer) + V3

• Have + obj. (doer) + V1

ir
• Have + obj. (non-doer) + V3 (passive)
She made him to cry. (use 'cry')

tS
e.g. (i)
(ii) I must get my car washed before leaving. []
1. His miserable (a)/condition made (b)/us wept.

an
(c)/no error (d)
[SSC CGL Mains [21/09/2014]

sh
2. The landlady made me (a)/changing (b)/the
design (c)/of the kitchen three times. (d)
ra
[SSC CPO Pre 12/03/2019]
3. I initially thought of including (a)/both the
P
mother and the child, but the woman (b)/was
by

reluctant to have their pictures take. (c)/no

error (d)
[MTS 25/07/2022 Shift-III]
ish

Answer key
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c)
gl

Rule 82
‘To + V1’ ko infinitive bolte hain isko ‘noun’
En

ki tarah ya phir purpose ko dikhane ke liye

prayog karte hain.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 92
 Pocket Rocket
2 3
Exam mein to + V ya to + V lagakar error ke
question aate hain.
e.g. (i) I want to got a job. (use ‘get’)

ir
(ii) They needed to spent more time together.

tS
(use ‘spend’)
1. Tomorrow, please help (a)/me to

an
disposed off unwanted (b)/papers that
are piled (c)/up on my table. (d)

sh
[CRPF HCM 24/02/2023 Shift-II]
2. Though you may not (a)/be able to
conquer, I exhort you (b)/to fought
ra
bravely to the last. (c)/no error (d)
P
[SSC CHSL 03/06/2022 Shift-III]
3. The allies (a)/of the government (b)/
by

decided to (c)/withdrew all support. (d)

[CGL Mains 29/01/2022]
4. The supervisor (a)/wanted to known (b)/
ish

the pros and cons (c)/of the issue. (d)

[CGL 16/08/2021 Shift-II]
gl

5. Laws and rules (a)/are made to

safeguarding (b)/our rights and protect
En

us (c)/no error (d)

[CGL Mains - 16/11/2020]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 93

 Pocket Rocket
Answer key
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (b)

ir
Rule 83

tS
Verb ki ‘ing’ form jab noun ka kaam karti
hai to usko ‘gerund’ kahte hain.
Exams mein infinite aur gerund ke difference

an
par questions aate hain. Aise actions jo main
verb se pehle ho chuke hain ya main verb ke

sh
sath-sath hote hain unhe gerund se dikhate hain
aur jo main verb ke baad hote hain unhe
infinitive se dikhate hain.
ra
• Inn verbs ke baad infinitive ka prayog karte
hain.
P
Word list:- Invite, request, expect, refuse,
by

afford, encourage, force, compel, persuade,

order, tell, remind, etc.
• Inn verbs ke baad gerund ka prayog karte hain.
ish

Word list:- Appreciate, enjoy, suggest,

consider, admit, resist, contemplate, detest,
dislike, deny, avoid, delay, forgive, mind, to
gl

be busy, can't help, anticipate, etc.

En

e.g. (i) I don’t mind to sit with you. (use ‘sitting’).

(ii) I hope sitting with you soon. (use ‘to sit’)
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 94
 Pocket Rocket

1. Avika hopes (a)/getting a distinction (b)/in

English. (c)/no error (d)
[CGL Mains 29/01/2022]

ir
2. Do you (a)/recall to meet (b)/her at the party

tS
(c)/last night? (d)
[CGL Pre 11/04/2021 Shift-II]
3. Bhanu finished (a)/to read such a (b)/thick

an
book in just two days.(c)/no error (d)
[CGL Tier II - 15/11/2020]

sh
4. They will be ready leaving (a)/for the airport
(b)/in an hour. (c)/no error (d)
ra [CGL Tier II - 18/11/2020]
5. Anita enjoyed (a)/to swim (b)/in the sea. (c)/
P
no error (d)
[CPO 11/12/2019 Shift-I]
by

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (d)

Rule 84
ish

Gerund ke pahle possessive case ka prayog

hota hai.
gl

e.g. (i) The teacher didn't allowed him talking in

the class. (use 'his')
En

(ii) He is afraid of you leaving him. (use

'your')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 95
 Pocket Rocket

1. He was surprised (a)/at me refusing (b)/his

offer. (c)/no error (d)
[CPO- 12/3/2019 Shift-III]

ir
2. Due to me being a new comer (a)/I was unable

tS
(b)/to get a good house. (c)/no error (d)
[FCI Assitant 25/02/2012 Shift-I]

an
3. The fact of me (a)/being a stranger (b)/does
not excuse his conduct. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC Tax assistant 14/12/2008]

sh
Answer key
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a)
ra
Rule 85
P
Bina ‘to’ ke infinitive (V1) ke prayog karna
bare infinitive kahlata hai.
by

Note:- Diye gaye situations mein bare

infinitive ka prayog karte hain.
Structure:-
ish

Let/bid/make/have + somebody + V1
e.g. (i) Let him to go. (Drop ‘to’)
gl

(ii) She made him to cry. (Drop ‘to’)

1. He wouldn't let (a)/anyone to drive (b)/his
En

new car. (c)/no error (d)

[CPO 12/12/2019 Shift-I]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 96

 Pocket Rocket
2. They made us (a)/to wait whole they (b)/were
checking our documents. (c)/no error (d)
[CPO- 12/3/2019 Shift-III]

ir
Answer key

tS
1. (b) 2. (b)
Rule 86
Present participle v/s Past Participle:-

an
Verb se banne wale adj. ko participle kahte
hain. Ye 2 types ke hote hain.

sh
(a) Present Participle – V1 + ing (Active meaning)
(b) Past participle – V3 (Passive meaning)
ra
• Verb of movement and activity ke baad
present participle ‘adverb of manner’ ki
tarah kaam karta hain.
P
e.g. (i) We were boring (Use ‘bored’)
by

(ii) The movie was bored. (Use ‘boring’)

1. We've decided to spend (a)/our time play
online games (b)/as we will not go out (c)/on
ish

a vacation this year. (d)

[CHSL 09/08/2021 Shift-III]
2. Cyclone Amphan roared (a)/into West Bengal
gl

on Wednesday leave (b)/behind a trail of

devastation across (c)/a large area of the
En

state. (d)
[CHSL 12/08/2021 Shift-II]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 97

 Pocket Rocket

3. Airlines have increased (a)/fares because

according to the new rules (b)/only limiting
passengers are allowed. (c)/no error (d)

ir
[CHSL 12/04/2021 Shift-II]

tS
4. She picked up (a)/the books lie on the table
(b)/and put them on the shelf. (c)/no error (d)
[CPO 25/11/2020 Shift-I]

an
Answer key
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (b)
Rule 87

sh
Let ke baad hamesha pronoun ke
objective case tatha verb ki first form ka
ra
prahog kiya jata hai
1. He wouldn’t let (a)/anyone to drive (b)/
P
his new car. (c)/no error (d)
by

[SSC CPO 12/12/2019 Morning]

2. We have finished our work for the day (a)/so
let we go (b)/home early today. (c)/no error (d)
ish

[SSC CHSL 11/08/2021 Shift-II]

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (b)
gl

Rule 88
Cases of Pronouns:-
En

Ist person I Me Mine

We Us Ours
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 98
 Pocket Rocket
nd
II person You You Yours
IIIrd person He Him His
She Her Hers

ir
It It -

tS
They Them Theirs
• Subjective case ka comparison subjective
case ke saath, objective case ka comparison

an
objective case ke saath, aur possessive case
ka comparison possessive case ke sath hi

sh
kiya jata hai.
Note:- Subject ke liye pronoun ke subjective
ra
case ka prayog karte hai jabki object ke liye
objective case ka prayog kiya jata hai. Yaad
rakhein 'be' verb ki forms ke baad mein
P
hamesha subjective case ka prayog hota hai.
by

e.g. (i) He speaks English more fluently than

me. (use 'I')
(ii) Your idea is better than me. (use 'mine')
ish

1. David and me are (a)/brothers but (b)/from

different mothers. (c)/no error (d)
gl

[MTS 14/08/2019]
2. My house (a)/is more (b)/spacious than (c)/
En

my sister. (d)
[CGL Pre 12/04/2022 Shift-I]

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 Pocket Rocket
3. It was him (a)/who was responsible (b)/for
this mishap (c)/that took place yesterday.(d)
[SSC Steno. 06/02/2019]

ir
Answer key
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (a)

tS
Rule 89
• My, our, your, his, her, its, their, etc.

an
possessive determiners/adjectives hote hain,
inka prayog hamesha noun ke pahle kiya jata
hai. Inka prayog bina noun ke nahi kar sakte.

sh
• Mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs, etc.
possessive pronouns hote hain. Inka prayog
ra
noun ke pahle nahi kar sakte. Inke sath
apostrophe ('s) lagane ki galti na karein.
P
e.g. (i) This book is my. (use 'mine')
(ii) This is mine book. (use 'my')
by

1. The small cafe (a)/at the end (b)/of the road

(c)/is her. (d)
[CGL Mains 16/11/2020]
ish

2. The seat (a)/which you (b)/are sitting on (c)/

is my. (d)
[CGL Mains 18/11/2020]
gl

3. I have made (a)/it a point to call my teachers

(b)/on September 5 as a token (c)/of mine
En

gratitude. (d)
[CHSL 15/04/2021 Shift-II]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 100

 Pocket Rocket
Answer key
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (d)

Rule 90

ir
One ke possessive case hamesha one’s aur

tS
reflexive pronoun ‘oneself’ hota hain.
Note:- Everyone, someone, no one inka
possessive case his aur reflexive pronoun

an
‘himself’ hota hain.
1. One should be careful (a)/to re-read (b)/what

sh
they has written. (c)/no error (d)
ra [CPO Tier II 27/9/2019]
2. One must (a)/do his/her (b)/duty properly.
(c)/no error (d)
P
[SSC CPO Mains 2023]
Answer key
1. (c) 2. (b)
by

Rule 91
Use of 'it':-
ish

“It” ka prayog time, weather, climate,

temperature, distance ya kisi natural event ko
denote karne ke liye introductory subject ke
gl

roop mein kiya jata hai.

Its v/s It’s:-
En

Its ka prayog possession dikhane ke liye

karte hai jabki it’s ka meaning ‘it is’ hota hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 101
 Pocket Rocket
e.g. (i) It is very humid in the summer. []
(ii) It is 30 degrees Celsius today. []
1. Its impossible to conduct (a)/truly causal

ir
research on (b)/media consumption and

tS
suicide. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 Shift-4]
2. Its always a (a)/beautiful day (b)/in my

an
neighbourhood. (c)/no error (d)
MTS 20/07/2022 S3

sh
Answer key
1. (a) 2. (a)
Rule 92
ra
There v/s Their:-
P
There se generally sentence ki shuruaat
ki jati hai aur their ka prayog noun se pahle
by

possession dikhane ke liye kiya jata hai.

e.g. (i) They have forgotten there keys on the
table. (use 'their')
ish

1. Their will be (a)/twenty-three tableaux (b)/in

the Republic Day parade. (c)/no error (d)
gl

[CRPF HCM 01/03/2023 Shift-II]

2. Their are numerous (a)/buildings outside our
En

(b)/school premises. (c)/no error (d)

[MTS 19/07/2022 Shift-II]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 102

 Pocket Rocket

3. Their is direct evidence that when learning

(a)/occurs, neuro-chemical communication
between (b)/neurons is faciliated and less

ir
input is rquired. (c)/no error (d)

tS
[SSC CGL Mains]
Answer key
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a)

an
Rule 93
Jab verb ka subject aur object same person

sh
ya thing ho tab object ki jagah reflexive pronouns
ka prayog kiya jata hai.
ra
Use of reflexive pronoun as object:-
(a) Word list:- enjoy, avail, absent, pride, adjust,
P
reconcile, acquit, amuse, resign, avenge, exert,
apply, adapt, etc.
by

Agar inn words ke saath object na diya jaye,

tab inke saath reflexive pronoun ka object
ke roop mein prayog hota hai.
ish

(b) Word list:- keep, stop, turn, qualify, bathe,

move, rest, hide, etc.
gl

Inn words ke sath object ke roop mein

reflexive pronoun ka prayog nahi hota hai.
En

e.g. (i) Radhika availed of the opportunity. (use

'availed herself')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 103
 Pocket Rocket

(ii) He adapted himself to the new environ-

ment. []
1. Try to avail of (a)/every opportunity (b)/that

ir
comes your way. (c)/no error (d)

tS
[CGL Mains 18/11/2020]
2. She availed of (a)/the big discounts (b)/at the
sale. (c)/no error (d)

an
[SSC CPO 11/12/2019 Shift-III]
Answer key

sh
1. (a) 2. (a)
Rule 94
ra
Who v/s whom:-
 Who ka prayog subjective pronoun ke roop
P
mein hota hai aur whom ka prayog
objective pronoun ke roop mein hota hai.
by

e.g. (i) Whom made this delicious cake? (use

'Who')
(ii) Who should I contact for more infor-
ish

mation? (use 'whom')

1. Whom you think, (a)/will be selected as (b)/
the head boy of the school? (c)/no error (d)
gl

[MTS 19/08/2019 Shift-II]

2. May I know (a)/to who (b)/I am speaking? (c)/
En

no error (d)
[SSC CHSL 2011]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 104

 Pocket Rocket

3. Who (a)/do you think (b)/I met? (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CGL 16/08/2015]

ir
Answer key
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a)

tS
Rule 95
Whom/who v/s which:-

an
• Who/whom ka prayog human beings ke liye
kiya jata hai.

sh
• Which ka prayog things ke liye kiya jata hai
e.g. (i) The man which you met is a criminal.
(use 'whom')
ra
(ii) The book who you bought is worth
reading. (use 'which')
P
1. The government has announced (a)/a gradual
by

reboot of air travel (b)/who was halted two

months ago (c)/due to lockdown. (d)
[CHSL 16/4/2021 Shift-I]
ish

2. I don’t like (a)/movies who has (b)/an

unhappy ending. (c)/no error (d)
gl

[CGL Tier II 11/9/2019]

3. My elder brother, (a)/which you’ll (b)/meet
En

later, (c)/is a dentist. (d)

[CGL Pre 12/04/2022 Shift-I]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 105

 Pocket Rocket
4. The boy which stole (a)/the money was
caught (b)/by the police. (c)/no error (d)
[CGL, 04/3/2020 Shift-I]

ir
Answer key

tS
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a)
Rule 96
Relative pronoun who/which/that ke liye

an
verb hamesha inke pehle likhe gaye antecedent
ke according likhte hain.

sh
1. The blue lotus (a)/is one of the most beautiful
(b)/flowers which grows (c)/in her garden. (d)
ra [CHSL 04/7/2019 Monring]
2. My brother (a)/who live in Pune (b)/is arriving
tomorrow. (c)/no error (d)
P
[CGL 20/2021]
by

3. This is one of the boldest (a)/economic reform

that have ever (b)/been introduced. (c)/no
error (d)
ish

[CPO 12/12/2019]
Answer key
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b)
gl

Rule 97
Each other v/s One another:-
En

Ye reciprocal pronouns hote hain aur inka

prayog mutual action ko dikhane ke liye kiya jata hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 106
 Pocket Rocket

• Each other ka prayog 2 persons/things ke

liye hota hai, aur one another ka prayog 2
se zyada persons/things ke liye hota hai.

ir
• Inka prayog kabhi bhi verb ke subject ke

tS
roop mein nahi hota hai, vaha 'the other'
ka prayog karna chahiye.
e.g. (i) Radhika and Kavita help one another

an
with their homework. (use 'each other')
(ii) The students in the class were helping

sh
each other with the project. (use 'one
another') ra
1. They each listened (a)/carefully to what (b)/
each other said. (c)/no error (d)
P
[CGL Pre 18/04/2022 shift-III]
2. The three of them (a)/shouted out to each
by

another (b)/when the train started moving.

(c)/no error (d)
[CGL Mains 16/11/2020]
ish

Answer key
1. (c) 2. (b)
gl

Rule 98
The other v/s Another:-
En

• Another ‘additional’ ya ‘ek aur’

• The other  ‘2 persons ya items mein se doosra’
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 107
 Pocket Rocket

• The others  remaining all

• Others  dusre log (general sense)

ir
e.g. (i) She has two pens; one is blue, and other
is black. (use 'the other')

tS
(ii) He will need other three days to
complete the project. (use 'another')

an
Rule 99
Question Tag:-

sh
 Question tag banate samay kewal pronoun
aur helping verb ka prayog kiya jata hai.
ra
 Helping verb usi tense mein likhi jati hai
jis tense mein sentence likha gaya hai.
P
Question tag banate samay 3 cheezon ko
yaad rakhe:-
by

(a) Statement positive ho tab question tag

negative banega or agar statement negative
ho tab question tag positive banega.
ish

(b) Sentence ke subject ke anusaar pronoun

likhna.
gl

(c) Sentence ke tense ke anusaar helping

verb likhna.
En

e.g. (i) Radhika is a beautiful girl, is she? (use

"isn't")
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 108
 Pocket Rocket

(ii) They are not going to play cricket, are

us? (use 'they')


ir
Diye gaye words negative hai isliye inka
question tag positive banega.

tS
Word list:- Not, no, never, no sooner, no longer,
nothing, nobody, neither, none, few, little,

an
hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, etc.
e.g. (i) He seldom visits us, doesn't he? (use
'does')

sh
(ii) She has never been to Paris, hasn't she?
(use 'has')
ra
 ‘This/that’ ya phir ‘this/that + noun’ ke
P
liye question tag ka subject sentence mein
prayog hue noun ke according lagate hai.
by

e.g. (i) This book is yours, isn't this? (use 'it')

(ii) That girl was so cute, wasn't it? (use 'she')
 Diye gaye words ka prayog sentence ki
ish

starting mein hone par question tag ka

subject ‘of’ ke baad aane wale noun/
gl

pronoun ke according aata hai.

Word list:- Either of, neither of, each of, some
En

of, all of, both of, every one of, none of, any
of, a few of, 50 percent of, two thirds of, etc.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 109
 Pocket Rocket

e.g. (i) Each of the students has a book, don't

he? (use 'they')
(ii) Any of the students can solve this question,

ir
can't we? (use 'they')

tS
(iii) Two thirds of the money was spent,
wasn't they? (use 'it')

an
 Agar statement ka subject everything,
nothing, something, anything diya gaya ho

sh
tab question tag ka subject ‘it’ ko banaya
jata hai. ra
e.g. (i) Anything could happen, couldn't it? []
(ii) Something needs to be done, doesn't it? []
 Agar collective noun ek unit (singular noun)
P
ki tarah ho tab question tag ka subject ‘it’ hoga.
by

e.g. (i) The team is playing well, isn't they? (use 'it')
(ii) The committee has decided the dates,
hasn't they? (use 'it')
ish

 Agar collective noun mein division show kiya

gaya ho tab question tag ka subject ‘they’ hoga.
gl

e.g. (i) The committee have different opinions,

don't it? (use 'they')
En

(ii) The group are presenting their ideas,

aren't it? (use 'they')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 110
 Pocket Rocket

 Agar sentence mein 2 clause diye gaye ho

tab:

ir
(i)

tS
(ii) Agar main clause mein subject ‘I’ ho aur

an
think, suppose, guess, feel, etc. (verb jo
opinion dikhate hai)

sh
ra
(iii)
P
by

e.g. (i) They know that she is coming, don't they?

(ii) I suppose she will arrive soon, won't she?
ish

Imperative sentences ka question tag:-

Sentence Question tag
gl

V1 + ..... Won’t you

Don’t + V1 Will you
En

Let us + V1 Won’t you

Let’s (not) + V1 Shall we?
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 111
 Pocket Rocket

Jab offer/request Will you?

ka sense ho:
Jab daatne ka Can’t you/can you?

ir
sense ho:

tS
Jab moral duty ka Shouldn’t you/we?
sense ho:

an
e.g. (i) Help the poor, should you? (use "shouldn't")
(ii) Let’s not go to school, shalln't we? (use 'shall')

sh
1. Your eldest sister (a)/lives in (b)/a big city,
(c)/does she? (d) ra [CGL Pre - 13/04/2021 S1]
2. He won’t come (a)/to school (b)/tomorrow,
P
(c)/won’t he? (d)
[CGL Mains 2020]
by

3. He does not (a)/tell lies, (b)/doesn’t he? (c)/

no error (d)
[MTS 14/08/ 2019 (S2)]
ish

4. Swetha seldom (a)/waters (b)/the plants, (c)/

isn't is? (d)
gl

[SSC steno 2023]

5. Let's spend a few minutes (a)/in the park, (b)/
En

can we? (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CGL Mains 2010]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 112

 Pocket Rocket

6. Let's go (a)/for a walk, (b)/shouldn't we? (c)/

no error (d)

ir
[OPSC ASO 2018]
Answer key

tS
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c)
6. (c)

an
Rule 100
Adverbs ka prayog verb, adjective, adverb,

sh
conjunction, p rep osition ya phir poore
sentence ko modify karne ke liye kiya jata hai.
ra
Adjectives ka prayog noun/pronoun ko
modify karne ke liye kiya jata hai.
P
e.g. (i) Very surprisingly, the weather remained
unusually warm just after the storm. []
by

(ii) The clever boy solved the puzzle, and he

was proud of his achievement. []
ish

1. It's important (a)/for media to be (b)/more

responsibly (c)/and careful. (d)
[MTS 09/08/2019 Shift-III]
gl

2. It feels greatly (a)/to be with you (b)/at this

En

ceremony. (c)/no error (d)

[MTS 15/07/2022 Shift-I]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 113

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3. After a carefully investigation (a)/we discoved

(b)/that the house was infested with termites.
(c)/no error (d)

ir
[SSC CGL Pre 09/06/2011]

tS
Answer key
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a)

an
Rule 101
Linking verbs jaise be, become, seem, look,

sh
appear, turn, get, grow, taste, smell, keep,
feel, make, prove, etc. ke baad adjective ka
prayog hota hai, na ki adverb ka.
ra
e.g. (i) He became angrily when he heard the
P
news. (use 'angry')
(ii) The passengers grew angry about the
by

delay. []
1. The wedding gown (a)/looked decently (b)/
despite being (c)/studded with jewels.(d)
ish

[SSC CGL Pre 09/12/2022]

2. It feels greatly (a)/to be with you (b)/at this
gl

ceremony(c)/no error (d)

[SSC MTS 15/07/2022]
En

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (a)

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Rule 102
Kuchh words aise hote hain jo adverb aur

ir
adjective dono ke roop mein ek hi form mein

tS
prayog kiye jate hain:
Word list: Daily, hourly, weekly, monthly,
fast, straight, outright, etc.

an
e.g. (i) The newspaper has a daily circulation of
20,000. []

sh
(ii) This news agency releases magazine
monthly. []
ra
1. Although Rahul ran very (a)/fastly, he could
not (b)/catch the moving bus. (c)/no error (d)
P
[SSC CPO Pre 07/07/2018]
by

2. He doesn't (a)/know how to (b)/ draw quickly

(c)/and straightly.(d)
[SSC CGL Pre 07/12/2022]
ish

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (d)
Rule 103
gl

Kuchh adjectives aise hote hain jinme pahle

En

se hi ‘ly’ laga hota hai, isliye unke aage ‘ly’ laga

kar adverb banane ki galti na karein.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 115
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Example:-
Noun Adjective Adverb

ir
• Coward Cowardly In a cowardly manner

tS
• Miser Miserly In a miserly manner
• Woman Womanly In a womanly manner
• Friend Friendly In a friendly manner

an
• Order Orderly In an orderly manner

sh
• Love Lovely/ In a lovely manner
Loving
ra
• Man Manly In a manly manner
e.g. (i) He is a coward man. (use 'cowardly')
P
(ii) He is a miser person. (use 'miserly')
by

1. Although he was sincere and hard working

(a)/he could not confront (b)/his boss manly
(c)/no error (d)
ish

2. The research fellow defended (a)/ his thesis

scholarly (b)/and obtained the degree (c)/no
error (d).
gl

[SSC Steno 17/11/22 Shift-III]

En

Answer key
1. (c)

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Rule 104
Attributive-only' adjectives:-

ir
Niche diye gaye adjectives ko keval attributive

tS
position (noun ke pahle) mein prayog kiya jata hai.
Word list:- Elder, little, mere, sheer, floating,
blazing, waking, nearby, exterior, interior,

an
posterior, utter, lesser, urban, rural, former,
latter, main/prime/principal/chief/major,

sh
etc.
e.g. (i) An honest aspirant will surely get a good
job. []
ra
(ii) The posterior part of the building is not
accessible. []
P
1. Parul is (a)/ ten years (b)/elder than(c)/her
by

sibling (d).
[CPO Mains 26/07/2021]
Answer key
ish

1. (c)

Rule 105
gl

'Predicative only' adjectives:-

Niche diye gaye adjectives ko keval predicative
En

position (linking verb ke baad) mein prayog kiya

jata hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 117
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Word list:- Afraid, afloat, ablaze/alight, alike,

alone, asleep, awake, aware, ashamed, alive,
addicted, glad, ill, well, etc.

ir
e.g. (i) The plant is still alive despite the drought.

tS
(ii) She felt ashamed of her behavior.
Rule 106

an
Sequence of adjectives:-
Opinion - Size - Age - Shape - Colour -

sh
Origin - Material - Purpose + Noun. (OSASCOMP)
1. What is the (a)/price of this fancy (b)/dress
pink? (c)/no error (d)
ra
[SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 Shift-IV]
2. My friend has (a)/started a restaurant in (b)/a
P
wooden big building in Manali.(c)/no error (d)
by

[CGL Mains 12/09/2019]

3. Each child (a)/was given a (b)/red beautiful
balloon. (c)/no error (d)
ish

[SSCC CGL 28/08/2016]

Answer key
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (c)
gl

Rule 107
‘Than’ ke pahle hamesha adjective ki
En

comparative degree ka prayog kiya jata hai.

e.g. (i) Kashmir is good than Shimla. (use 'better')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 118
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(ii) Shivani is smarter than her sister. []

1. A study finds that the average staff cost at
(a)/a public sector bank is high than (b)/that

ir
at its private (c)/sector counterpart. (d)

tS
[SSC CHSL 09/03/2023 SHIFT-3]
2. They brightest stars (a)/can be 30,000 times

an
(b)/most luminous (c)/than the Sun. (d)
[MTS 08/07/2022 Shift-I]
3. She is brave than (a)/any other girl (b)/in the

sh
office. (c)/no error (d)
[MTS 02/07/2022 Shift-III]
ra
Answer key
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a)
P
Rule 108
by

Structure:-
• Relatively + P.D. adj. []
• Comparatively + P.D. adj. []
ish

• Relatively [×] + C.D. adj. + than

• Comparatively [×] + C.D. adj. + than
gl

e.g. (i) The weather today is relatively warmer

for this time of year. (use 'warm')
En

(ii) English Ramban is comparatively better

than any other book. (drop 'comparatively')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 119
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1. My father (a)/is comparatively (b)/better

today.(c)/no error (d)
[SSC CHSL 2024]

ir
Answer key

tS
1. (c)
Rule 109
Jab ek hi person/thing ki 2 qualities ka

an
comparison hota hai tab niche diye gaye
sturcture ka prayog kiya jata hai

sh
Structure:-
• More + P.D. adj. + than + P.D. adj.
e.g. (i) Gold is more costly than useful. []
ra
(ii) He is more wise than smart. []
P
Rule 110
Niche diye gaye words ke baad ‘to’ ka prayog
by

hota hai ‘than’ ka nahi aur inke sath 'more' bhi

nahi aata.
ish

Word list:- Senior, junior, superior, inferior,

prior, preferable
e.g. (i) He is senior than me. (use 'to')
gl

(ii) Tea is preferable than coffee. (use 'to')

1. I like to read books, (a)/but my brother (b)/
En

prefers to watching movies. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CPO 2023]

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2. This phone is (a)/inferior than (b)/that one.

(c)/no error (d)

ir
[SSC CHSL 2023]
3. Honesty is (a)/more superior than (b)/riches

tS
(c)/no error (d)
[SSC CGL Mains 25/10/2015]

an
Answer key
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b)

sh
Rule 111
Structure:- ra
• Different + from + and/but + C.D. adj + than
• -ior adj. + to + and/but + C.D. adj. + than
P
• C.D. adj + and/but + C.D. adj. + than
by

e.g. (i) Abhishek is smarter than and wiser than

Raghav. (drop 'than')
(ii) Radhika is senior and wiser than
ish

Ankita. (use 'senior to')

1. His cell phone is (a)/different and costlier (b)/
gl

than mine. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CPO 10/11/2022 Shift-1]
En

Answer key
1. (b)

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Rule 112
Some imporant points related to adjectives:-

ir
(a) More + C.D. adj. [×]

tS
The most + S.D. adj. [×]
e.g. (i) He is more smarter than I. (drop 'more')

an
(b) Adj. + and/but/or/nor + adj.
(Dono adj. ko same degree mein likhte hai.)

sh
e.g. He is wiser and smarter than his brother. []
(c) Change of state dikhane ke liye
ra
P.D. adj.  C.D. adj.
(Mein change kiya jata hai)
P
e.g. (i) His condition is getting from bad to worse.
by

(d) (half/twice/thrice) as .... as P.D. as []

(Half/twice/thrice, etc.) + C.D. adj. + than [×]
e.g. Ankit is twice older than his brother. (use
ish

'as old as')

(e) (Two times/three times, etc.) as .... as P.D.
gl

as []
(two times/three times, etc.) + C.D. adj. +
En

than []
e.g. This car is two times costlier than this bike. []
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 122
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1. If conventional arrangements and (a)/

patterns are made more scarcer, other (b)/
arrangements and patterns will spring up.

ir
(c)/no error (d)

tS
[SSC CHSL 13/03/2023 SHIFT-1]
2. The new media (a)/is more faster (b)/and
more popular. (c)/no error (d)

an
[MTS 11/07/2022 Shift-III]
3. The mountain lion is (a)/one of the slyest and

sh
more (b)/elusive animals in the woods. (c)/
no error (d)
[MTS 13/07/2022 Shift-I]
ra
Answer key
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b)
P
Rule 113
by

Structure:-
(a) ‘As + positive degree (adj./adv.) + as’
Iska prayog positive aur negative dono prakar
ish

ke sentences mein kiya jata hai.

(b) ‘So + positive degree (adj./adv) + as’
gl

Iska prayog keval negative sentences mein

kiya jata hai.
En

e.g. (i) Radhika is so beautiful as a rose. (use 'as')

(ii) I don’t drive as carefully as my brother. []
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 123
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1. A witness had seen a youth, (a)/perhaps aged

young as (b)/ten or eleven, acting suspiciously.
(c)/no error (d)

ir
[SSC CHSL 17/03/2023 SHIFT-3]

tS
2. Sakshi is (a)/as smarter as any other (b)/
child in the class. (c)/no error (d)

an
[MTS 13/08/2019 Shift-I]
Answer key
1. (b) 2. (b)

sh
Rule 114
‘As .... as/so .... as’ aur ‘than’ ke saath
ra
comparison karte samay yaad rakhein ki
comparison hamesha ek tarah ki cheezon ke
P
beech honi chahiye. Jiske liye hum aksar ‘that/
those’ ya noun ke saath apostrophe (') ka prayog
by

karte hain.
e.g. (i) The weather of Mumbai is better than
Delhi. (use 'that of Delhi')
ish

(ii) The stories in the Ramayana are more

interesting than the Mahabharata. (use
gl

'those in the Mahabharata')

1. The climate (a)/of Mumbai (b)/is better than
En

Hyderabad. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CGL Mains 01/12/2016]

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2. A tiger's skull (a)/is similar (b)/to (c)/a lion. (d)
[MTS 20/07/2022 Shift-I]
3. The climate of (a)/Dehradun is better (b)/than

ir
Meerut. (c)/no error (d)

tS
[MTS 14/08/2019 Shift-I]
Answer key
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (c)

an
Rule 115
Subject ka comparison jis group se kiya ja

sh
raha ho yadi wo usi group ka member ho tab ‘any’
ya ‘no’ ke baad ‘other’ aur indefinite pronoun ke
baad ‘else’ lagakar compare kiya jata hai.
ra
Note: Superlative degree ke sath other ya
else nahi aata hai.
P
e.g. (i) Mohit is more brilliant than any boy of
by

his class. (user 'any other boy')

(ii) Aakash works harder than anybody else. []
1. The Hindu is (a)/more popular than (b)/any
ish

newspaper in India (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CHSL 2012]
2. The circulation of the statesman (a)/is greater
gl

than (b)/that of any newspaper (c)/no error (d)

[FCI Assistant Grade III 25/02/2012]
En

Answer key
1. (c) 2. (c)

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Rule 116
2 mein se ek ko choose karne ke liye

ir
superlative degree ka prayog hota hai.

tS
Superlative degree ke saath 'the' ka prayog
kiya jata hai
Structure:-

an
• The + superlative degree
• The + very + superlative degree

sh
• (Much/by far/quite/easily/nearly) + the +
superlative degree
e.g. (i) He is the nearly best boy of our colony.
ra
(use 'nearly the')
(ii) He is by far the best student of the class. []
P
1. A tallest man (a)/that I have ever seen (b)/
works in our coal mine. (c)/no error (d)
by

[CGL Mains 15/11/2020]

2. We are witnessing (a)/the worse level (b)/of
ish

income inequality in decades. (c)/no error (d)

[CPO 15/03/2019 Shift-I]
3. It was really a bad movie (a)/a worse movie
gl

I've ever seen (b)/in my life. (c)/no error (d)

[CGL Mains 13/09/2019]
En

Answer key
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b)

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Rule 117
Adjective ki alag-alag degree mein unke

ir
saath alag-alag adverbs ka prayog kiya jata hai.
(i) Positive degree ke adjectives ke pahle aane

tS
wale adverbs:
Word list:- Very, so, as, too, how, enough,

an
really, completely, absolutely, etc.
e.g. English Ramban is a very good book. []
(ii) Comparative degree ke adjectives ke pahle

sh
aane wale adverb:
Word list:- Much, very much, even, far, a lot,
ra
a little, rather, slightly, etc.
e.g. He is very smarter than any other boy of his
P
class. (use 'much')
(iii) Superlative degree ke adjectives ke pahle
by

aane wale adverb:

Word list:- Much, by far, clearly, nearly,
almost, very, quite, easily, etc.
ish

e.g. Virat Kohli is far the best batsman in the

world. (use 'by far')
1. Bobo was (a)/very richer than Jim (b)/as he
gl

had illicitly accumulated (c)/all his wealth.

En

[CGL PRE (07/12/2022 SHIFT- III)]

Answer key
1. (b)

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Rule 118
Inn words se pehle koi bhi comparative

ir
degree ya superlative degree ka prayog nahi kiya
jata hai aur na hi 'very' ka prayog hota hai.

tS
Word list:- Unique, excellent, perfect, ideal,
entire, complete, chief, round, total, whole,

an
singular, rectangular, square, spherical,
extreme, annual, golden, deaf, blind, right,
empty, circular, wrong, impossible, etc.

sh
• This is a unique idea. []
• This is more unique idea. [×]
ra
• This is most unique idea. [×]
e.g. (i) The solution was most perfect for our
P
needs. (drop 'most')
by

(ii) This is the most ideal book for quick

revision. (use 'an')
1. This is (a)/the most unique (b)/idea to solve
ish

the problem (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CGL Mains 2015]
2. Mango, the most unique fruit (a)/is available
gl

in India (b)/in plenty. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC MTS 16/02/2014]
En

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (a)

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Rule 119
'Worth' aur 'Enough' ke usages:-

ir
(a) Worth

tS
Structure:-
• Noun + worth + price

an
• Noun + worth + V1+ing
• Subject + linking verb + worth + V1+ing
Note:- worth + V1+ing/price + noun [×]

sh
(b) Enough
Structure:-
ra
• Enough + noun
P
• Adverb/adjective + enough
e.g. (i) The movie is worth to watch . (use
by

'watching')
(ii) I couldn't run enough fast to catch up
with her. (use 'fast enough')
ish

1. Each of the four (a)/great tragedies (b)/of

shakespear is worth reading. (c)/no error (d)
gl

[SSC CGL Mains 13/09/2019]

2. This is not (a)/a worth reading book (b)/so
En

don't read it. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CAPF 28/09/2014]

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3. He was enough tall (a)/to be admitted (b)/into

the armed forces. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CPO 10/11/2022 Shift-III]

ir
4. True positive thinking starts by embracing

tS
reality in its myiad (a)/shapes and forms; it
involves the ability to feel negative emotions
when you have to, (b)/and still maintain hope

an
enough to keep on going. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CGL Mains 2017]

sh
Answer key
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (a)
ra 4. (c)
Rule 120
Kuchh adjectives ke pahle ‘the’ ka prayog
P
karne par wo us poori community ko represent
karne lagte hain aur plural common noun ki
by

tarah prayog kiye jate hai.

• Inke sath plural verb aati hai
• Inke sath apostrophe ('s) ka prayog nahi
ish

hota hai.
Word list:- The blind, the deaf, the poor, the
rich, etc.
gl

e.g. (i) Rich have access to many luxuries. (use

'The rich')
En

(ii) The young is full of energy and enthusiasm.

(use 'are')
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1. The rich (a)/should (b)/help (c)/poor (d)

[SSC CHSL 04/08/2023 Shift - IV]

ir
2. The rich (a)/is not (b)/always happy. (c)/no
error (d)

tS
[MTS 05/10/2017]
Answer key

an
1. (d) 2. (b)

Rule 121

sh
Adverb of Manner:-
Adverb of manner batate hain ki koi kaam
ra
kaise hua hai. Yeh ‘how’ ka jawab hote hai.
Position of adverbs of manner:-
P
• Verb ke baad agar object na likha ho tab adverbs
by

of manner usi verb ke baad likha jata hai.

• Agar verb ka object likha ho tab adverbs of
manner 2 jagah likhe ja sakte hai:
ish

(i) Agar object chhota ho tab object ke baad.

(ii) Agar object bada ho ya usme koi aur
gl

verb ka prayog ho rakha ho tab adverb

of manner ka prayog verb ke pahle kiya
En

jata hai.
e.g. (i) He fought brave. (use 'bravely')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 131
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(ii) I did the work smart. (use 'smartly')

(iii) She sweetly sang a song of Kishor Kumar.

ir
1. The thief (a)/entered the house, (b)/in the
middle of the night, (c)/quiet. (d)

tS
[SSC CHSL 30/05/2022 Shift-II]
2. I remember vivid the last road trip (a)/we had

an
(b)/before the pandemic hit. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CHSL 01/06/2022 Shift-II]

sh
3. At one time birds (a)/and animals lived (b)/
peaceful together. (c)/no error (d)
ra [CGL Mains 08/08/2022]
4. His energetic attitude (a)/showed that he had
P
(b)/soundly slept (c)/the previous night (d)
[SSC CPO 2024]
by

5. Mr. Sukesh (a)/and his family (b)/ate the (c)/

food greedy. (d)
[SSC CPO 2024]
ish

Answer key
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (d)
gl

Rule 122
Adverb of place:-
En

Yeh batate hain ki koi action kahan hua hai.

Yeh ‘where’ ka jawab hote hain.
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Position of adverbs of place:-

• Aksar yeh sentence ke end mein aate hain.
‘abroad’ aur ‘home’ adverb of place hote

ir
hain, aur inke pahle preposition ka prayog

tS
nahi hota. Lekin agar ‘home’ ke pahle koi
determiner (my, your, his, her) ka prayog
hua ho tab iske pahle ‘to’ ka prayog hota hai.

an
e.g. (i) Her clothes were scattered everywhere. []
(ii) Raghav went to home. (drop 'to')

sh
1. I am going (a)/to home (b)/soon after the (c)/
programme gets over. (d)
ra [CHSL 10/08/2021 Shift-II]
Answer key
P
1. (b)

Rule 123
by

Adverb of time:-
Yeh batate hain ki koi kaam kab hua hai.
ish

Yeh ‘when’ ka jawab hote hai.

Position of adverbs of time:-
• Aksar inka prayog sentence ke last mein kiya
gl

jata hai, lekin inka prayog sentence ke

starting mein bhi ho sakta hai.
En

e.g. (i) She completed her homework yesterday. []

(ii) Later, I went to the park. []
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 133
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Rule 124
• Agar kisi ek sentence mein ek se zyada tarah

ir
ke adverbs likhe gaye ho tab unhe niche diye
gaye sequence mein likha jata hai:

tS
Manner  Place  Time
• Agar sentence mein verb of movement (walk,

an
go, travel) ka prayog ho tab unhe niche diye
gaye sequence mein likha jata hai:

sh
Place  Manner  Time
e.g. (i) The players performed there confidently
ra
yesterday. (use 'confidently there')
(ii) He entered the building silently yesterday.
P
[]
1. Suman performed (a)/ at the festival well (b)/
by

yesterday.(c)/ No error(d)
[SSC CPO Pre 25.11.2020]
ish

Answer key
1. (b)

Rule 125
gl

Adverb of frequency:-
En

Yeh adverbs sentence mein ‘how often’ ka

jawab hote hai.
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Yeh two types ke hote hain:-

(i) Indefinite frequency: Number fixed nahi hota
- always, often, seldom, rarely, never,

ir
sometimes, etc.

tS
(ii) Definite frequency: Fixed frequency batata
hai - daily, once, twice, every day/month,

an
two times, etc.
Position of adverb of indefinite frequency:-
• Aksar yeh helping verb aur main verb ke

sh
beech mein aate hain.
• Agar helping verb na ho tab inka prayog
ra
main verb ke pahle hota hai.
• Yeh aksar ‘be’ verb ke baad likhe jate hain.
P
• ‘Have to’ aur ‘used to’ ke pahle likhe jate
by

hain.
Position of adverb of definite frequency:-
• Aksar yeh sentence ke end mein likhe jate
ish

hain.
e.g. (i) She can sometimes get very angry. []
gl

(ii) He helps the poor always. (use 'always'

before 'helps')
En

(iii) Despite being a teacher, he seldom if

ever makes a mistake. []
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 135
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(iv) Akash and Mohit never should blame

other people for their own faults. (use
'should never')

ir
(v) Tourists disturb often delicate balance

tS
of nature on the Island. (use 'often
disturb')

an
1. I learnt to adapt quickly (a)/to new schools
because we (b)/moved to new places quite
frequent. (c)/no error (d)

sh
ra [CGL 16/10/2020 shift-II]
2. He comes here ________ (lately (a)/quickly (b)/
daily (c))
P
[SSC CHSL 08/07/2024]
3. They ______ meet each other. (quite (a)/always
by

(b)/quit (c))
[SSC CHSL 11/07/2024]
ish

Answer key
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b)

Rule 126
gl

Adverbs of degree:-
En

• Aise adverbs jo adjective, adverb ya verb ki

degree ya intensity ko batate hain.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 136
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Word list:- As, very, too, so enough, fairly,

rather, somewhat, almost, quite, nearly,
hardly, barely, little, little or nothing, little if

ir
anything, etc.

tS
• Jis word par stress dena ho unke saath
prayog kiye jate hai.
e.g. (i) I forgot almost your birthday. (use

an
'almost forgot')
(ii) This question is simple quite for me to

sh
answer. (use 'quite simple')
1. It is a cheap reasonably (a)/restaurant in this
part of the town (b)/where you can eat (c)/
ra
delicious food. (d)
[SSC CPO 2024]
P
2. You must avoid riding in a crowded bus (a)/
or travelling in metro (b)/during rush hour (c)/
by

as both are quiet unpleasant experiences. (d)

[CGL 13/08/2021 Shift-I]
ish

Answer key
1. (a) 2. (d)

Rule 127
gl

Adverb of focus:-
Aise adverbs jo sentence mein kisi specific
En

word/phrase par focus krne ke liye prayog kiye

jate hain.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 137
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Word list:- Only, just, even, too, as well,
alone, etc.
e.g. (i) Only Rahul plays guitar at parties. []

ir
(ii) Rahul only plays guitar at parties. []

tS
(iii) Rahul plays only guitar at parties. []
(iv) Rahul plays guitar only at parties. []
(v) Rahul plays guitar at parties only. []

an
 ‘Even’ ka prayog if/when/though ke saath
usi clause ko stress dene ke liye kiya jata
hai. ‘Even’ khud ek conjunction nahi hota,

sh
yeh ek adverb hota hai.
Note:- ‘even’ ki tarah hi ‘then’ bhi ek
ra
adverb hota hai. Agar iska prayog kisi clause
ke pahle kiya jaye tab hame conjunction ka
prayog zaroor karna chahiye.
P
e.g. (i) Even if it rains, we will go for a walk.
by

(ii) Even when he is tired, he continues to

work hard.
1. Alex picked up (a)/the boxes (b)/quite easily
(c)/even they were heavy (d).
ish

[CGL Pre 20/04/2022 Shift-I]

2. Even Sharat tried his best, (a)/he could not
clear (b)/all the examination papers (c)/in one
gl

attempt (d).
En

[CHSL 10/07/2019 Shift-II]

Answer key
1. (d) 2. (a)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 138

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Rule 128
Confusing Adverbs:-

ir
(a) Hard v/s Hardly

tS
‘Hard adjective aur adverb hota hai jabki
‘Hardly’ kewal adverb hota hai isliye dono ke
usages ko samjhna jaruri hai.

an
sh
P ra
by

Note:- Hardly ke sath not, never, without,

seldom, etc. jaise negative words nahi aate
hain.
ish

e.g. (i) They worked hardly to achieve freedom.

(use 'hard')
gl

(ii) I trust her but she hard believes me. (use

'hardly')
En

(b) Loud (adjective)  making a lot of noise

(oonche swar ka)
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 139
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Loudly (adverb)  at a high volume (yah

negative sense mein prayog kiya jata hai)
Aloud (adverb)  at an audible volume (yah

ir
positive sense mein prayog kiya jata hai

tS
e.g. (i) I heard a loudly noise. (use 'loud')
(ii) She screamed loud. (use 'loudly')
(iii) He read the letter aloud. []

an
(c) All ready (adjective)  completely ready, all
prepared. (poori tarah se taiyar)

sh
Already (adverb)  by now, by then. (pahle
se hi) ra
e.g. (i) I was already to leave when the phone
rang. (use 'all ready')
P
(ii) I was all ready late when you called me.
(use 'already')
by

(d) High v/s Highly

‘High’ adjective aur adverb hota hai jabki
‘highly’ kewal adverb hota hai isliye dono ko
ish

usages ko samjhna jaruri hai.

gl
En

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 140

 Pocket Rocket

ir
e.g. (i) The house has a high wall. []

tS
(ii) Do not jump highly. (use 'high')
(iii) He is high motivated. (use 'highly')

an
(e) Altogether (adverb)  completely,
considering every thing. (poori tarah se)

sh
All together (adjective/adverb)  all at a
place, as a unit. (sabhi ek sath)
ra
e.g. (i) He puts all the books altogether. (use 'all
together')
P
(f) Alright v/s all right
Alright – ok, fine (exams mein galat mana
by

jata hai)
All right – ok, fine (exams mein yahi correct
mana jata hai)
ish

Note: All right aur almost ke sath 'quite' nahi

aata hai.
gl

e.g. (i) It is alright don't cry. (use 'all right')

(g)
En

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 Yah 'main verb' ke baad ya
'main verb' ke 'object' ke baad
prayog kiya jata hai.

ir
tS
 Yah 'main verb' se pahle

an
prayog kiya jata hai.

sh
e.g. (i) I met him sometimes last summer. (use
'sometime')
ra
(ii) She sometime appreciates Pawan. (use
'sometimes')
P
(iii) I need sometime for this work. (use 'some
by

time')
(h) Everyday v/s Every day
Everyday (adjective)  common/ordinary
ish

(sadharan)
Every day (adverb)daily (pratidin)
gl

e.g. (i) This book explains every concept in

En

every day language. (use 'everyday')

(ii) Things change everyday. (use 'every day')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 142
 Pocket Rocket

(i) Some v/s somewhat

ir
tS
e.g. (i) Students have got somewhat confusion.
(use 'some')
(ii) Students have got somewhat confused. []

an
(j) Very v/s much
‘Very’ ka prayog generally positive degree ke

sh
adjective ke sath kiya jata hai jabki ‘much’
ka prayog comparative degree ke adjective ke
sath kiya jata hai.
ra
Such as: Very good, very small, very big, very
beautiful, etc.
P
Much better, much smaller, much bigger,
by

much more beautiful, etc.

• ‘Verbs’ ko modify karne ke liye ‘very’ ka nahi,
‘much’ ya ‘very much’ ka prayog karte hai.
ish

• Generally ‘very’ ko present participle (V1+ing)

aur ‘much’ ko past participle (V3) ke liye
prayog karte hai.
gl

Such as: very confusing, very interesting,

very surprising, very satisfying, etc.
En

Much confused, much interested, much

surprised, much satisfied, etc.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 143
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e.g. (i) He doesn't like it much. []

(iii) He doesn't like it very much. []
(k) Late (adjective)  ‘deri se’ ya ‘jiski death ho

ir
gai ho’

tS
Lately/Of late (adverb)  recently
e.g. (i) He arrived lately to the meeting. (use 'late')

an
(ii) He has got a car late. (use 'lately')
(l) Good v/s well
Good (adj.)  suitable

sh
Well (adj.)  a state of good health
Well (adv.)  in an effective or satisfactory
ra
manner.
e.g. (i) She is a good trained singer. (use 'well')
P
(ii) She is a very well singer. (use 'good')
by

(m) Nearly (adv.)  approximately/almost

Near (adv./adj./prep.)  close (bahut paas)
e.g. (i) The bottle was near full. (use 'nearly')
ish

(ii) He was near dead. (use 'nearly')

(n) Special (adj.)  not ordinary (special)
gl

Specially (adv.)  in a special manner (yah

generally V3 ke pahle prayog hota hai)
En

Especially (adv.)  particularly (ise emphasize

karne ke liye prayog karte hai)
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 144
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e.g. (i) I went there especially to meet Radhika. []

(ii) This course is especially designed to
meet your needs. (use 'specially')

ir
(o) Fairly v/s Rather

tS
• Rather ka prayog 'unpleasant' adjectives ke
sath jabki fairly ka prayog 'pleasant'
adjectives ke sath karte hain.

an
• Fairly ke baad 'too' ka prayog nhi karte hai
jabki rather ke baad 'too' ka prayog kiya ja

sh
sakta hai.
e.g. He is fairly tall. []
ra
(p) Much too v/s Too much
Much too adverb phrase hai. iske baad
P
adjective aata hai.
Too much adjective phrase hai. iske baad
by

noun aata hai.

e.g. (i) I have much too work to finsh before the
deadline. (use 'too much')
ish

(ii) The sweater too much big for me. (use

'much too')
(q) Indoor v/s Indoors & outdoor v/s outdoors
gl
En

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 145

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ir
e.g. (i) He prefers to stay indoor. (use 'indoors')

tS
(ii)Rahul likes playing outdoors games. (use
'outdoor')

an
(r) Still (adverb)  ab/tab bhi
Yet (adverb)  ab tak

sh
‘Still’ ka prayog generally continuous tense
mein ya kisi bhi point of time par same
state ko dikhane ke liye karte hai. Jabki
ra
‘yet’ ko generally present perfect tense ke
negative ya interrogative sentence mein
P
prayog karte hai.
Note:- is/am/are/has/have + yet + to + V1 []
by

e.g. When I called him, he was yet working. (use

'still')
ish

1. They can't hardly believe (a)/that Article 370

is no longer (b)/valid in Jammu and Kashmir.
(c)/no error (d)
gl

[CGL Mains 12/09/2019]

2. He lost all (a)/his hardly (b)/earned money.
En

(c)/no error (d)

[MTS 07/08/2019 Shift-III]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 146

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3. The students (a)/and the teachers (b)/worked
hardly (c)/to make the event a success. (d)
[SSC CHSL 09/06/2022 shift-II]

ir
4. Can you not (a)/knock so louder (b)/in the

tS
morning? (c)/no error (d)
[SSC Steno 17/11/2022 Shift-I]
5. He always (a)/aimed highly (b)/in life. (c)/no

an
error (d)
[CGL Pre 06/12/2022 Shift-II]
6. Young scientists (a)/have fresh ideas; they

sh
(b)/are ambitious and high productive. (c)/no
error (d)
ra [MTS 06/07/2022 Shift-III]
7. Although the toys are (a)/altogether in the
P
cupboard (b)/they are not properly arranged.
(c)/no error (d)
by

[CPO 13/03/2019 Shift-III]

8. Sita is quite alright (a)/but I can't tell (b)/you
much about Radha (c)/no error (d)
ish

[SSC]
9. The hockey match (a)/between India and
Pakistan (b)/was much exciting (c)/no error (d)
gl

[SSC MTS 16/02/2014]

10. The captain of the team (a)/was very criticised
En

(b)/for the quality (c)/of his leadership. (d)

[Steno 06/02/2019]

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11. Riya arrived at (a)/the train station (b)/lately.
(c)/no error (d)
[SSC Steno 17/11/2022 Shift-I]

ir
12. It's a little lately (a)/to go back to (b)/where

tS
we started from. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC Steno 18/11/2022 Shift-I]
13. The shopkeeper is (a)/rather honest to (b)/

an
his employees, (c)/no error (d)
[SSC]
14. When she went for a walk (a)/Maya couldn't

sh
take off her scarf (b)/because it was (c)/too
much windy. (d) ra [CGL 17/08/2021 Shift-III]
15. Her failure in (a)/life is too much (b)/painful
P
for me. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CHSL 2023]
by

16. We are yet (a)/living in the (b)/same house.

(c)/no error (d)
[CHSL 10/08/2021 Shift-I]
ish

17. Please go out (a)/and check (b)/if it is (c)/yet

raining. (d)
[SSC CGL Mains 13/09/2019]
gl

Answer key
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (b)
En

6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (b)

11. (c) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (b)
16. (a) 17. (d)

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 148

 Pocket Rocket

Rule 129
Niche diye gaye kuch degree adverbs jab kisi

ir
noun phrase ko modify karte hain tab noun ke
aage aane wale article ki position ko yaad

tS
rakhein:
Structure:-

an
• So/as/too/this/that/how + adjective + a +
noun

sh
• Such/quite/many + a + adjective + noun
• Article + very/really/completely + adjective +
noun
ra
Note: Generally akela adjective hone par
'so' aur adjective ke sath noun hone par
P
'such' ka prayog karte hain.
e.g. (i) Radhika is very kind a person to say no.
by

(use 'too')
(ii) It was too a wonderful experience to
ish

meet him. (use 'such')

1. This is (a)/too grave sin (b)/to be (c)/
pardoned (d)
gl

[SSC CGL Pre 12/04/2022]

2. Rahul thinks that (a)/this is quite (b)/the
En

cheap restaurant. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CPO Pre 09/12/2019]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 149

 Pocket Rocket

3. It was (a)/so an (b)/interesting movie. (c)/no

error (d)
[SSC CGL Mains 03/02/2022]

ir
Answer key

tS
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b)
Rule 130

an
Use of Too:-
Too ka arth hota hai 'more than required'
iska use unpleasant/negative adjective ke

sh
sath karte hain.
Structure:-
ra
Too + adjective + to + V1
P
= So + adjective + that + sub. + can/could
+ not + V1 + ....
by

e.g. (i) Too happy [×] Too sad []

Too healthy [×]Too bad []
ish

Too good [×]

(ii) I am too glad to meet you. [×]
gl

I am very glad to meet you. []

1. The food was (a)/too salty (b)/eat this
En

morning. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC MTS 2023]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 150

 Pocket Rocket

2. He is (a)/too immature (b)/for handle the

situation. (c)/no error (d)
[CPO Mains 26/07/2021]

ir
3. She was too startled (a)/at first saying

tS
something, (b)/but finally she blurted out the
truth. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CGL Mains 15/11/2020]

an
Answer key
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (a)

sh
Rule 131
Correct Pair ra Incorrect Pair
Between .... and Between .... from
From .... to From .... and
P
Both .... and Both .... from
Either .... or Either .... and
by

Neither .... nor Neither .... or

Not only .... but also Not only .... and also
ish

Whether .... or Whether .... and

Never .... or Never .... and
No sooner .... than No sooner .... when
gl

Hardly .... when Hardly .... than

Scarcely .... when Scarcely .... than
En

Barely .... when Barely .... than

Lest .... should Lest .... will/may/not
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 151
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Rather .... than Rather .... but
Other .... than Other .... and
Else .... But Else .... than

ir
As .... as As .... than

tS
So .... as So .... than
Though .... yet Though .... but
Although .... yet Although .... but

an
Too .... to Too .... than
So .... that So .... to
e.g. (i) Neither she studies hard or she does her

sh
homework. (use 'nor')
(ii) Whether you take the job and reject the
ra
offer. (use 'or')
1. No sooner did the rabbit (a)/come out of the
P
bush (b)/when the hunter killed it. (c)/no
error (d)
by

[MTS 14/08/2019 Shift-III]

2. It is nothing else than (a)/Sheer foolishness
that (b)/you have decided (c)/to resign. (d)
ish

[SSC CPO 09/11/2022 ]

3. Although she (a)/was tired but (b)/she went
(c)/to work. (d)
gl

[SSC Steno. 17/11/2022]

4. He had barely spoken (a)/the words when
En

(b)/he realised his mistake. (c)/no error (d)

[CPO 11/12/2019

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5. The supermarket (a)/is open from (b)/10 a.m.

still 10 p.m. (c)/no error (d)

ir
[SSC CGL 10/09/2024 (Shift-III)]
Answer key

tS
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (c)

Rule 132

an
‘Lest’, ‘otherwise’, aur ‘else’, etc. ka prayog
caution/warning dene ke liye kiya jata hai.

sh
Note:-
• 'Lest' + sub + should + V1 []
ra
• 'Lest' + sub + V1 []
• 'Lest' + sub + will/may/might + V1 [×]
P
e.g. (i) She left early lest she will miss the bus.
by

(use 'should')
(ii) Hurry up, otherwise we missed the train.
(use 'will miss')
ish

Note: Lest ke sath will/shall/may/not ka

prayog nahi hota hai par otherwise aur else
ke sath ho jata hai.
gl

1. Hold my hand lest (a)/you should not get lost

En

(b)/in the huge crowd at the fair. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CPO Mains 2023]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 153

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2. "Speak slow lest (a)/you will wake up (b)/

mommy", said Emily to Tess. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC Steno 2023]

ir
3. It would be wise to accept (a)/the campany's

tS
offer (b)/lest you should regret later. (c)/no
error (d)
[SSC CPO 12/12/2019 (morning)]

an
4. We shall rehearse (a)/thrice before the final
(b)/performance least we (c)/make errors in

sh
the dialogues. (d)
[SSC CHSL 2024]
Answer key
ra
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c)
Rule 133
P
Such .... that v/s such .... as:-
by

 Jab noun ke saath ‘such’ likhkar uske

quality ko emphasise karna ho tab hum
conjunction ‘that’ ka prayog karte hain.
ish

Yeh noun ke baare mein kahi gayi baat ko

emphasise karta hai.
 Jab noun ke saath ‘such’ likhkar uske type/
gl

category ko batana ho tab hum ‘as’ ka

prayog karte hain.
En

e.g. (i) I prefer activites such that swimming

and cycling (use 'as')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 154
 Pocket Rocket

(ii) The storm was such as it caused

widespred damage. (use 'that')
(iii) He enjoys outdoor activities such like

ir
hiking and camping. (use 'as')

tS
1. He gave such a (a)/long speech but (b)/
everybody left bored. (c)/no error (d)

an
[CGL Main 15/11/2020]
2. He is not (a)/such a (b)/clever boy (c)/that
you are. (d)

sh
ra [SSC CPO Pre 14/08/2019]
Answer key
1. (b) 2. (d)
P
Rule 134
‘No sooner’ ke saath conjunction ‘than’ ka
by

prayog kiya jata hai. Agar sentence ki starting

‘no sooner’ se ho tab niche diye gaye structure
ka prayog kiya jata hai.
ish

• No sooner + H.V. + subject + MV + than + sub

+ MV
gl

e.g. (i) No sooner had they finished their dinner

when it started to rain. (use 'than')
En

(ii) No sooner did the teacher start the

lesson when the bell rang. (use 'than')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 155
 Pocket Rocket

1. No sooner did (a)/the child start crying (b)/

then the mother (c)/hugged him. (d)

ir
[CGL Pre 11/04/2022 S3]
2. No sooner did Priya (a)/get her report card

tS
(b)/when she started jumping (c)/with joy. (d)
[CGL 18/8/2021 (Afternoon)]

an
Answer key
1. (c) 2. (c)

sh
Rule 135
‘Hardly/Scarcely/Barely’
ra ke saath
conjunction ‘when’ ka prayog kiya jata hai. Agar
sentence ki starting in words se ho tab inversion
structure ka prayog kiya jata hai.
P
• Hardly/scarcely/barely + H.V. + subject +
by

MV..... + when + subject + MV

e.g. (i) Hardly had she finished her meal than
the phone rang. (use 'when')
ish

(ii) Scarcely did he finish his homework

then he fell asleep. (use 'when')
gl

1. They had hardly completed (a)/half of the

work (b)/than the boss called them. (c)/no
En

error (d)
[CGL Pre 20/04/2022 S3]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 156

 Pocket Rocket

2. Scarcely had the train stopped at the

platform(a)/ than the passengers (b)/started
pushing each other (c)/to enter the train. (d)

ir
[CGL Mains 28/01/2022]

tS
3. Hardly had he disappeared (a)/that his
mother clomped (b)/down the steps, (c)/
looking for him. (d)

an
MTS 14/07/2022 S1
Answer key

sh
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b)

Rule 136
ra
Niche diye gaye conjunctions ke saath
unnecessary conjunctions ka prayog na karein.
P
Jitni statement ya clause ko connect karna hota
hai, unse ek kam (-1) conjunction ki hi zaroorat
by

hoti hai.
• And if/but if [×]
• As .... that [×]
ish

• Since/Because/As .... so [×]

• If/When .... then [×]
gl

e.g. (i) As she was feeling unwell so she went

home. (drop 'so')
En

(ii) As you know, that I don't smoke. (drop

'that')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 157
 Pocket Rocket
1. As you know, that (a)/I always like (b)/to have
ice cream (c)/after my dinner. (d)
[SSC CHSL 09/07/2019]

ir
2. Our nation can (a)/make significant growth

tS
(b)/but if we all (c)/work collectively. (d)
[SSC CHSL 11/07/2019]
Answer key

an
1. (a) 2. (c)

Rule 137

sh
Co-relative conjunctions:-
• not only .... but also
ra
• either .... or
• neither .... nor
P
e.g. (i) Not only Radhika and also Prashant is
coming to the party. (use 'but')
by

(ii) He likes neither apples or oranges. (use 'nor')

1. None only did the (a)/men aid in the work
(b)/but also the women did their part. (c)/no
ish

error (d)
[MTS 11/07/22]
2. Miss Marpie is neither (a)/a good singer or
gl

(b)/the good stage artist. (c)/no error (d)

En

[SSC CPO 24/11/2020 Shift-III]

Answer key
1. (a) 2. (b)

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Rule 138
Error of Parallelism:-

ir
Same function vale words/phrases ka prayog

tS
karna parallelism kahlata hai.
• Co-ordinating conjunctions [FANBOYS] ke
dono side parallelism aata hai.

an
• Comparison ke case mein 'than' & 'as' ke
sath parallelism aata hai.

sh
e.g. (i) He likes playing cricket and to watch
movies. (use 'watching')
ra
(ii) He is rich but miser. (use 'miserly')
1. To die with honour (a)/is better than (b)/live
P
with dishonour. (c)/no error (d)
by

[SSC TA 05/12/2004]
2. I like reading (a)/more than (b)/to play. (c)/
no error (d)
ish

[SSC CGL Pre 19/10/2014]

3. The postman travelled by the cycle, often
gl

wading through (a)/swamps or passed

through jungles (b)/in order to reach the
En

villages (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CGL Mains 2017]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 159

 Pocket Rocket
4. Our digestive system produces an assimilable
(a)/nutrient-rich liquid that builds and (b)/
nourish our first body tissue, plasma. (c)/no

ir
error (d)

tS
[SSC CGL Mains 2017]
Answer key
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c)

an
Rule 139
• 'And' ka prayog jodne ke liye karte hain.

sh
• 'Or' ka prayog choice dene ke liye karte hain.
• Negative sentence mein 'and' ka prayog
combination ko aur 'or' ka prayog alag-alag
ra
items ko dikhata hai.
e.g. (i) Police don't allow drinking and driving.
P
(drinking and driving ek sath allow nahi
karti)
by

(ii) Doctors don't allow smoking or drinking.

(smoking and drinking dono ko mana
karte hain)
ish

Rule 140
• So/therefore/hence/that's why ka prayog
gl

tab karna chahiye jab result ko batana ho.

• ‘Because’ conjunction ka prayog tab karna
En

chahiye jab kisi kaam ke hone ka reason

batana ho.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 160
 Pocket Rocket

• 'Reason' word likha ho tab because ki jagah

'that' aata hai.
1. The bus broke down (a)/because we had (b)/

ir
to walk some distance (c)/no error (d)

tS
[CGL Mains 03/02/2022]
2. Notwithstanding we were (a)/all busy that
weekend (b)/we had to (c)/cancel the outing.

an
(d)
[SSC CHSL 06/08/2021]

sh
3. The reason for (a)/his failure is because (b)/
he didn't study at all (c)/no error (d)
ra[SSC CGL Pre 11/08/2017 Shift-I]
Answer key
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b)
P
Rule 141
by

Use of 'until' and 'unless':-

(a) Concept:
Until - time oriented
ish

Unless - action oriented

(b) ‘Till’ aur ‘until’ ke meaning mein koi
difference nahi hai kyunki dono ka meaning
gl

hai ‘us samay tak’. Lekin, sentence ke

beginning mein ‘till’ ka prayog nahi kar sakte
En

jabki ‘until’ ka prayog beginning mein kiya

ja sakta hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 161
 Pocket Rocket

Note:- Inke baad not nahi aata hai.

e.g. (i) She stayed up unless midnight to finish
her work. (use 'until')

ir
(ii) I won't go to the party until you come

tS
with me. (use 'unless')
1. One can never imagine (a)/how hot it gets in
Delhi (b)/unless one doesn’t go (c)/there in

an
person. (d)
[CGL Pre 02/12/2022]

sh
2. Pratham will not (a)/go to the party (b)/if he
is personally invited. (c)/no error (d)
ra [MTS 20/08/2019 Shift-III]
3. A law cannot be enforced (a)/until the
P
President (b)/gives his assent to it. (c)/no
error (d)
by

[SSC Steno 18/11/2022 Shift-III]

Answer key
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b)
ish

Rule 142
Conjunction Preposition
gl

because because of
in case in case of
En

though despite
unless without
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 162
 Pocket Rocket

• Preposition ka prayog tab hota hai jab

sentence mein kisi noun/pronoun ko
sentence se relate karna ho.

ir
• Conjunction ka prayog tab hota hai jab kisi

tS
clause/phrase ko kisi doosre clause ya
phrase se connect karna ho.
e.g. (i) Because of it was raining, we stayed

an
inside. (drop 'of')
(ii) Because the rain, we stayed inside. (use

sh
'Because of')
1. We had to decline several (a)/orders in case
that (b)/the production was (c)/hold up due
ra
to labour strike (d)
[CGL 04/06/2019]
P
2. Because that there were (a)/heavy rains (b)/
the lake was flooded. (c)/no error (d)
by

[SSC CGL Mains 21/09/2014]

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (a)
ish

Rule 143
Jab Wh- words ka prayog conjuctions ke roop
gl

mein kiya jata hai tab helping verb ka prayog

subject ke baad hota hai.
En

Note:- Jab ye sentence ke beech mein aate

hain tab ye hamesha conjunctions hote hain.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 163
 Pocket Rocket

e.g. I want to know why are you laughing. (Use,

‘you are’)
1. We must plan (a)/how can we cope (b)/with

ir
the present situation. (c)/no error (d)

tS
[CGL Tier II - 16/11/2020]
2. He wondered (a)/what was the reason (b)/for

an
her refusal (c)/to accompany him. (d)
[CPO 23/11/2020 Shift-III]

sh
3. I couldn't hear what (a)/was she saying due
to the noise (b)/of the planes taking off. (c)/
no error (d)
ra
[MTS 13/8/2019 Shift-III]
Answer key
P
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a)
by

Rule 144
Half ya partial inversion:-
Helping verb ka subject se pahle likha jana
ish

partial inversion ko show karta hai. Diye gaye

words ya phrases se sentence start hone par
partial inversion aata hai.
gl

(a) Negative adverbs/expressions

En

Structure:-
• Hardly/scarcely/barely + H.V. + sub. + M.V.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 164
 Pocket Rocket
• No sooner .... + H.V. + sub. + M.V.
• Seldom/rarely/never + H.V. + sub. + M.V.
• Never + preposition + noun + H.V. + sub. + M.V.

ir
• Never + before + H.V. + sub. + M.V.

tS
• Never + before + preposition + noun + H.V. +
sub. + M.V.
e.g. (i) Never I have seen such a magnificent

an
view. (use 'have I')
(ii) In no time did he complete the assignment.

sh
(b) Not + preposition + noun + H.V. + sub. + M.V.
Not + conjunction + subject + verb + H.V. + sub.
+ M.V.
ra
Not + a/an + noun + H.V. + sub. + M.V.
e.g. (i) Not for a moment did he doubt her loyalty.
P
(ii) Not until he apologizes will I forgive him.
(c) Only + adverb + H.V. + sub. + M.V.
by

Only then, once/twice, etc. + H.V. + sub. + M.V.

Only + preposition + noun + H.V. + sub. + M.V.
ish

Not only + H.V. + sub. + M.V.

e.g. (i) Only once I saw her. (use 'did I see')
(ii) Only recently he meet me. (use 'did he')
gl

1. No sooner she had realized (a)/her blunder

than she began (b)/to take corrective
En

measures. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CGL Mains 2010]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 165

 Pocket Rocket

2. Scarcely she had (a)/heard the news (b)/

when (c)/she fainted. (d)

ir
[SSC CPO Pre 14/03/2019]
3. Hardly he had (a)/stepped out of (b)/the

tS
house when a (b)/tree fell on the roof. (c)/no
error (d)

an
[SSC CPO Pre 14/03/2019]
4. Not a word (a)/did she spoke to the fortunate
(b)/mother about it (c)/no error (d)

sh
ra [SSC CPO Pre 04/07/2017]
5. Seldom we have (a)/been treated in such (b)/
a rude manner. (c)/no error (d)
P
[SSC CHSL 19/01/2016]
Answer key
by

1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a)

Rule 145
ish

Full inversion:- Full verb (H.V. + M.V.) ka

subject se pahle prayog hona full inversion ko
show karta hai.
gl

Jab sentence ki starting mein adverb of place

(here, there, etc.) ho aur subject koi noun ho,
En

tab niche diye gaye verbs ke saath full inversion

ka prayog kiya jata hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 166
 Pocket Rocket

Word list:- walk, stand, sit, lie, swim, hang,

march, live, be/is/am/are/was/were, etc.
There was a sitting king. (use 'sitting a')

ir
e.g. (i)
(ii) Above the door hung a beautiful painting.

tS
1. Along the northern border of India (a)/is seen the
(b)/Himalayas, unique, splendour. (c)/no error (d)

an
[SSC CGL 2017]
Answer key

sh
1. (b) (use 'are' subject - Himalayas)

Rule 146
ra
Structure:-
Preposition + pronoun (objective case)
P
e.g. (i) The argument was between he and I.
by

(use 'him and me')

(ii) They are coming with us to the concert.
[]
ish

1. A misunderstanding (a)/has crept (b)/

between he (c)/and his sister. (d)
gl

[SSC CGL Mains 08/08/2022]

2. There is no agreement (a)/between you and I
En

(b)/so we are free (c)/ to go our way. (d)

[SSC MTS 23/02/2014]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 167

 Pocket Rocket

3. Such rules (a)/do not apply to (b)/you and I

(c)/no error (d)
[SSC CGL Pre 19/10/2014]

ir
Answer key

tS
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c)

Rule 147

an
Adverbs ke pahle preposition ka prayog
karna galat hota hai.
Structure:-

sh
P ra
by
ish
gl
En

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 168

 Pocket Rocket

• Home/abroad ke pahle preposition ka

prayog nahi kiya jata hai.

ir
e.g. (i) He will arrive in next week. (drop 'in')
(ii) She moved to abroad for her studies.

tS
(drop 'to')
(iii) I placed the vase on here on the table.

an
(drop 'on')
1. Going to the weekly market (a)/in every

sh
Tuesday (b)/is a ritual that has been followed
(c)/by generations in my family. (d)
ra [SSC CHSL 02/06/2022 Shift-II]
Answer key
P
1. (b)

Rule 148
by

Preposition ke baad agar verb likhi ho tab

hamesha V1+ing (gerund) ka prayog kiya jata hai.
ish

Structure:-
Preposition + V1+ing (gerund)
gl

e.g. (i) She is interested in learn new languages.

(use 'learning')
En

(ii) They are excited about travel to Paris.

(use 'travelling')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 169
 Pocket Rocket

1. Every Saturday (a)/I go out (b)/for shop. (c)/

no error (d)
[SSC CGL Pre 19/06/2011]

ir
2. The goons fled (a)/after kill a (b)/boy in the

tS
street. (c)/no error (d)
[MTS 18/07/2022 Shift-I]
3. His shoes were (a)/soaked from walk (b)/

an
through the dew. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CHSL Pre 2022]

sh
Answer key
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b)
ra
Rule 149
Expressions:- be/get used to, habituated to,
P
accustomed to, with a view to, look forward to,
in addition to, devoted to, object to, given to, taken
by

to, addicted to, prone to, averse to, etc. ke baad

V1 nahi, V1 + ing ka prayog kiya jata hai.
ish

e.g. (i) We are looking forward to see you again.

(use 'seeing')
(ii) They are habituated drinking coffee
gl

every morning. (use 'habituated to')

1. That was a good (a)/conversation, I look
En

forward (b)/to meet you. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CHSL 21/03/2023 Shift-III]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 170

 Pocket Rocket

2. I am really (a)/looking forward to meet (b)/

you. (c)/no error (d)
[CGL Main 16/11/2020]

ir
3. He is (a)/addicted to (b)/smoke. (c)/no error (d)

tS
[SSC TA 05/12/2004]
4. She is improving her (a)/pronunciation of

an
English (b)/with a view to become a newsreader.
(c)/no error (d)
[SSC CPO 30/08/2015]

sh
5. We were (a)/not used to get (b)/up early. (c)/
no error (d)
ra
[SSC CPO 22/06/2014]
Answer key
P
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (b)
by

Rule 150
Inn verbs ke baad preposition ka prayog
nahi kiya jata hai.
ish

Word list:- Reach, enter, board, tell, discuss,

describe, emphasise, stress, invade, attack,
demand, affect, control, order, fear, overcome,
gl

resist, resemble, approach, investigate, sign,

inform, pass, join, comprise, await, etc.
En

Note:- diye gaye words mein se kuch words

noun ke roop mein bhi prayog hote hain.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 171
 Pocket Rocket
Agar inme se koi word noun ke roop mein
prayog ho tab uske baad appropriate
preposition ka prayog karna zaroori hota hai.

ir
e.g. (i) They finally reach at the station. (drop 'at')

tS
(ii) We discussed about the plan. (drop 'about')
(iii) The committee comprises of five members.
(drop 'of')

an
1. It is difficult to make (a)/that they are twins
(b)/because they do not (c)/resemble to each

sh
other. (d)
ra [SSC CHSL 18/03/2020]
2. They will (a)/leave the office at six and (b)/
reach at home by seven (c)/no error (d)
P
[SSC CGL Mains 12/01/2017]
3. We spent an hour (a)/discussing about (b)/
by

his character (c)/no error (d)

[SSC SO Audit 30/09/2007]
Answer key
ish

1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b)

Rule 151
Confusing prepositions:-
gl

(a) In
• Kisi boundary wali location ke andar hona.
En

Such as:- In India, in the circle, in the

playground, etc.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 172
 Pocket Rocket

• Kisi closed place ke andar hona.

Such as:- In the house, in the box, in the
car, etc.

ir
• Time periods ke liye – Year/Months/Seasons/
Weeks, in the morning, in the afternoon, in

tS
the evening, in a moment.
e.g. (i) They moved to the city on April. (use 'in')

an
(ii) She was born at 1990. (use 'in')
(b) On
• Kisi line ya surface ke upar hona.

sh
Such as:- On the surface, on the floor, on the
border, on the balcony, etc.
ra
• On - Days aur Dates ke liye.
e.g. (i) The exam is scheduled in 10th December.
P
(use 'on')
(ii) We will visit them in the weekend. (use 'on')
by

(iii) The book is in the table. (use 'on')

(iv) She is on the room. (use 'in')
(c) At
ish

Specific locations ya bina boundary wale

places ke pehle.
Such as:- At home, at the bus stop, at the
gl

door, at school, etc.

• At - with clock time
En

Such as:- At 10:00 a.m., at 5 O' clock, at

1600 hours, etc.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 173
 Pocket Rocket

Note:- Inn phrases ko yaad rakhein.

• At noon (12 pm), at dawn, at the moment,
at night, at dusk, at sunset, etc.

ir
e.g. (i) The meeting will start on 9 am. (use 'at')

tS
(ii) The store closes in midnight. (use 'at')
(d) Over v/s under

an
• Over  Seedha upar ya cover karte huye.
• Under  Seedha neeche.

sh
e.g. (i) The bridge is under the river. (use 'over')
(ii) The cat is over the table (use 'under')
ra
(e) Above v/s Below
• Above  higher in position
P
• Below  Lower in position
e.g. (i) The clock is below the door. (use ‘above’).
by

(ii) The shoes are above the bed. (use ‘below’)

(f) Across v/s Through v/s Along
• Across  Ek taraf se doosri taraf tak.
ish

• Through  Kisi cheez ke andar se guzarana.

• Along  Kisi cheez ke saath-saath chalna.
gl

e.g. (i) She walked through the street. (use 'across')

(ii) He drove from the tunnel. (use 'through')
En

(iii) They walked through the beach. (use

'along')
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 174
 Pocket Rocket

(g) Instead of v/s Inspite of / Despite

• Instead of  Kisi cheez ke bajaye.
• In spite of  Kisi mushkil ke bawjood.

ir
e.g. (i) She ate fruit inspite of cookies. (use

tS
'instead of')
(ii) Instead of being tired, he went to the

an
party. (use 'in spite of')
Note:- In spite of aur despite ka matlab hota
hai: Kisi cheez ke bawjood.

sh
• Despite ke baad of nahi lagta hai.
e.g. Despite of the noise, she slept well (use
ra
'inspite of/despite')
Despite of being late, he caught the train.
P
(drop 'of')
(h) On v/s off
by

• On  Relation/connection.
• Off  Away from/not connected, detachment.
ish

e.g. (i) She turned the light of when she left the
room. (use 'off')
(ii) The heater was on because it was too
gl

warm in the room. (use 'off')

(i) To v/s Towards v/s From
En

• To  Destination ya endpoint ko dikhane ke

liye.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 175
 Pocket Rocket

• Towards  Movement ki direction dikhane ke

liye.
• From  source/origin ko dikhane ke liye

ir
e.g. (i) She is going to the store. (vo store ja rahi

tS
hai  destination)
(ii) She is going towards the store. (vo store
ki taraf ja rahi hai  direction)

an
(j) In v/s Into
• In  Jab koi cheez already andar ho.

sh
• Into  Jab koi cheez andar ja rahi ho/change
of state dikhane ke liye.
ra
e.g. (i) The cat is into the box. (use ‘in’)
(ii) The cat jumped in the box. (use 'into')
P
(iii) Translate it in English. (use 'into')
(k) By v/s Until/Till
by

• By  Koi kaam ek specific time ya date ke

pahle pura hona chahiye (deadline of time).
ish

• Till/Until  Koi action ya event ek specified

time tak chalega ya continue rahega
(negative deadline of time).
gl

e.g. (i) Please finish the project until next

monday or it will be too late. (use ‘by’)
En

(ii) She will stay at the office by 8 PM

tonight. (use ‘till/until’)
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 176
 Pocket Rocket

(l) By v/s with

• By  Koi action karne wala (cause/agent)
With  Tool

ir
Note:- With ka prayog ke sath mein aur

tS
having ke sense mein bhi kiya jata hai.
e.g. (i) She fixed the issue by a new software

an
(use ‘with’)
(ii) The report was completed with the team.
(use ‘by’)

sh
(m) Beside v/s Besides
• Beside  ke bagal mein
ra
Besides  ke alawa
P
e.g. (i) Mohid purchased a book beside a pen.
(use ‘besides’)
by

(ii) Mohit put all his book besides his bag.

(use ‘beside’)
1. She was (a)/fond of walking (b)/along the
ish

path (c)/besides the lake. (d)

[SSC CHSL 2024]
gl

2. There can be precious (a)/ diamonds and

metals (b)/in the surface (c)/just below
En

you.(d)
[SSC CGL Pre 13/12/2022 ]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 177

 Pocket Rocket

3. No talking (a)/ on the dinner table (b)/ is an

absolute rule (c)/ no error (d)
[SSC CGL Pre 12/12/2022 ]

ir
4. He was happy because (a)/ his friends voted

tS
(a)/ in favour to him. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC STENO.18/11/2022 (Shift-II)]
5. At the end (a)/ it is your happiness (b)/ that

an
matters (c)/to me the most. (d)
[HCM (DP) 20/10/2022 ]

sh
6. Sam slowly poured (a)/ the juice (b)/inside
the glass. (c)/ no error (d)
ra [HCM (DP) 10/10/2022 ]
7. Despite of (a)/ a short deadline, (b)/ he
P
finished the assignment (c)/ on time. (d)
[HCM (DP) 13/10/2022 ]
by

8. He confidently dived (a)/ in the deeper end

(b)/ of the pool (c)/ no error (d).
ish

[HCM (DP) 14/10/2022 ]

9. The wedding (a)/ reception will be hosted (b)/
in Mumbai at a late date(c)/ no error.(d)
gl

[SSC CHSL 20/10/2022 ]

10. The people living (a)/in coastal areas (b)/were
En

evacuated by time (c)/ no error. (d)

[SSC CGL Mains 08/08/2022]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 178

 Pocket Rocket
11. My brother received (a)/his MBA degree into
(b)/the university last year. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CGL 12/09/2024 (Shift-III)]

ir
Answer key

tS
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (a)
6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (c)
11. (b)

an
Rule 152
Between v/s Among:- Between/among:

sh
• Between  2 separate logon/cheezon ke liye
prayog hota hai.ra
• Among  2 se zyada logon/cheezon ke liye
prayog hota hai.
P
Note:- Jab 2 se zyada cheezein ho aur
unhe alag-alag (separately) mention kiya
by

jaye ya unmein koi mutual relation dikhaya

jaye, tab ‘between’ ka prayog kiya jata hai.
e.g. (i) The contract was signed between the
ish

company and the client. []

(ii) The money was distributed between all
gl

the poor people. (use 'among')

1. The stationery was (a)/evenly distributed
En

among (b)/all the poor children. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC Steno 17/11/2022 Shift-III]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 179

 Pocket Rocket

2. Ria is (a)/the most (b)/intelligent between (c)/

all of us. (d)
[HCM (DP) 12/10/2022 Shift-II]

ir
3. In geography class, (a)/the teacher told the

tS
students, (b)/"Switzerland lies (c)/inside
Germany, France, Austria and Italy". (d)
[SSC CHSL 2024]

an
4. There is constant friction (a)/between the
executive members (b)/of the Association. (c)/

sh
no error (d)
[CHSL 11/8/2021 Shift-I]
Answer key
1. (d) 2. (c)
ra
3. (d) 4. (b)
Rule 153
P
Words With Different Prepositions:-
by
ish

e.g. The girl was presented a gift on her birthday.

(use 'presented with')
gl
En

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 180

 Pocket Rocket

e.g. Mohit was angry at Aakash. (use 'with')

ir
tS
an
e.g. They were surprised at the decision. []

sh
ra
Note:- 'grateful' ka prayog 'thanks/
P
gratitude' (aabhar) express karne ke liye
karte hai jabki 'thankful' ka prayog sense
by

of 'relief' (rahat) dikhane ke liye karte hai.

(Un)gratefully = (un)appreciatively
Thankfully = fortunately
ish

e.g. I am obliged for you for your help. (use 'to')

gl
En

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 181

 Pocket Rocket

e.g. (i) The Manager acceded with demands for

his resignation. (use 'to')

ir
(ii) I agree with your brother. []
 Assent/accede  To something (to agree to

tS
a request, proposal, etc.)

an
sh
e.g. He differs from his wife on almost everything.
ra
(use 'with')
P
by

e.g. He died from cancer in 2020. (use 'of')

ish
gl
En

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 182

 Pocket Rocket

e.g. The city has declined in importance. []

ir
tS
an
e.g. I am familiar to the people of this organisation. []

 Result ( noun) of sth

Result +
sh
To Result (verb) in sth
ra (=outcome batane ke liye )

To Result (verb) from sth

P
(=cause dikhane ke liye )

e.g. Unhappiness is the result from jealousy. (use

by

'of')
ish

e.g. The table is made from wood. (use 'of')

gl
En

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 183

 Pocket Rocket

e.g. The puppies were parted with their mother

at birth. (use 'from')

ir
tS
an
Note:- deal with sth/sb = solve a problem,
perform a task

sh
e.g. My brother deals with knitted garments. (use 'in')
P ra
by

Note:- to be sick of sth = to be bored of sth

e.g. They suffered of cold and fever. (use 'from')
ish
gl
En

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 184

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e.g. We all should believe God. (use 'believe in')


In (one/left/right eye)

ir
Blind + Of × (blind ke sath 'of' lagana galat hai)

tS
To (shows ignorance/negligence)
Related idioms:- turn a blind eye/deaf ear to

an
sth = ignore sth
e.g. The accident left her blind to one eye. (use

sh
'in')P ra
e.g. He complains of the poor facilities. []
by

1. The government (a)/representative furnished

the (b)/reporters all details. (c)/no error (d)
ish

[SSC CGL Pre 26/10/2014]

2. Everybody was (a)/alarmed with the (b)/news
of his murder. (c)/no error (d)
gl

[SSC CGL Mains 21/09/2014]

3. I was angry on (a)/ myself for making (b)/
En

such a silly mistake. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CGL Pre 19/04/2021 Shift-II]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 185

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4. 'You expressed your opinion (a)/very clearly (b)/
but I am sorry (c)/I cannot agree to you'. (d)
[SSC CHSL 2024]

ir
Answer key

tS
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d)
Rule 154
Prepositions se related kuchh Important

an
Concepts:-
(a) Angry:-

sh
Angry with someone
Angry at something.
ra
(b) Apologise to someone for something
(c) “Cope with” kisi samasya/musibat ka
P
safaltapoorvak saamna karna
by

Cope up with [×]

(d) Fixed preposition :
From:-
ish

Abstain from Refrain from

Escape from Prevent from
gl

Discharge from Deter from

Debar from Aloof from
En

Eradicate from Deliverance from

Abstinence from
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 186
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(e) On:-
Rely on Depend on/upon

ir
Reckon on Count on/upon

tS
Feed on Back on/upon
Base on Dependent on

an
Subsistence on Subsist on
(f) At:-

sh
Shocked at Puzzled at
Surprised at ra Wonder at
Astonished at Amaze at
Alarmed at Startle at
P
(g) For:-
by

Regret for Compensate for

Penance for Sorry for
Atone for Reparation for
ish

Remorse for
(h) Of:-
gl

Accused of Convicted of
En

Innocent of Guilty of
Acquitted of Imputation of
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 187
 Pocket Rocket

(i) To:-
Equal to Parallel to
Similar to Liking to

ir
Tantamount to Resemblance to

tS
Prone to Analogous to
(j) For:-

an
Desire for Passion for
Yearn for Quest for
Crave for

sh
(k) To:-
Loyal to True to
ra
Faithful to Dedicated to
P
Allegiance to Committed to
Devoted to
by

(l) To:-
Impediment to Obstacle to
Hindrance to Obstruction to
ish

(m) To:-
Yield to Slave to
gl

Surrender to Sentenced to
Succumb to Subject to
En

Submissive to Object to
Submit to
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 188
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(n) To:-
Assent to Consent to
Accede to Concede to

ir
(o) To:-

tS
Beneficial to Harmful to
Conducive to Fatal to
Preventive to Profitable to

an
Painful to Pernicious to
Disastrous to Injurious to

sh
Deterimental to Baneful to
(p) Of:-
Bereft of
ra Abatement of
Devoid of Dearth of
P
Divest of Paucity of
Deprive of
by

(q) With:-
Infested with Deluged with
Beset with Teeming with
ish

Fraught with Replete with

Drenched with
gl

(r) To:-
Averse to Repugnant to
En

Allergic to Repugnance to
Aversion to
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 189
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(s) Diye gaye words apne baad preposition

ka prayog nahi karte:
Comprise + of [×]

ir
Tell + to [×]

tS
Discuss + about [×]
Order + for [×]

an
Resemble + to [×]
Resemble + with [×]
Comprise + of [×]

sh
Affect + on [×]
Sign + on/upon [×]
ra
Investigate + into [×]
Accompany + with [×]
P
Request + to [×]
by

Describe + about [×]

Illustrate + about [×]
Emphasize + on [×]
ish

Attack + on [×]
Pervade + in [×]
gl

Resist + against [×]

Exceed + More than [×]
En

Enter + into + building/hall [×]

Enter + into + argument/debate []
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 190
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(u) Of:-
Doubtful of Certain of
Suspicious of Sure of

ir
Suspicion of Assurance of

tS
Assure of Apprehensive of
Sanguine of

an
(v) At:-
Good at Bad at
Expert at Proficient at

sh
(w) In:-
Specialise Favour of
1.
ra
Despite of being a (a)/close friend he did not
(b)/help me in any way. (c)/no error (d)
P
[CHSL 05/08/2021]
2. Despite of her (a)/tiredness Meera went (b)/
by

into the kitchen to make some dinner for the

children. (c)/no error (d)
[CHSL 14/10/2020]
ish

3. You must (a)/apologize with (b)/him for this.

(c)/no error (d)
[MTS 07/08/2019]
gl

4. He apologised in her (a)/silently before he

pushed (b)/deeper into her thoughts. (c)/no
En

error (d)
[SSC MTS 2023]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 191

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5. The launch of the small (a)/electric car will
depend to the willingness (b)/of buyers to pay
more for it. (c)/no error (d)

ir
[CHSL 03/07/2019]

tS
6. Employees were given (a)/incentives based at
(b)/their performance. (c)/no error (d)

an
[CHSL 13/04/2021]

7. Innocent clerk was (a)/accused with

misappropriating (b)/funds of the compnay.

sh
(c)/no error (d)
[SSC CPO Mains 2023]
ra
8. The police was (a)/accused to tamper with
(b)/the evidence. (c)/no error (d)
P
[CPO Pre 24/11/2020]
by

9. Sakshi discussed (a)/about the problem (b)/

with her manager (c)/very briefly. (d)
[MTS 22/8/2019 Shift-I]
ish

10. This test (a)/comprises of (b)/grammar,

vocabulary (c)/and reading comprehension (d)
gl

[CPO- 13/3/2019 Shift-I]

11. We are (a)/coping the problems with (b)/the
En

best of our ability. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CGL Tier II 16/11/2020]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 192

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12. The Company specialises at (a)/designing,

Crafting and manufacturing (b)/exquisite,
high-quality furniture (c)/of exceptional

ir
craftsmanship (d)

tS
[SSC CGL 25/09/2024 (Shift-I)]
Answer key
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b)

an
6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (b) 12. (a)

Rule 155

sh
Agar 2 aise words ya phrases ko conjunction
(and, or, but, etc.) se joda jaye, jinke saath alag-
ra
alag prepositions aati hain, tab dono words ke saath
alag-alag prepositions likhna zaroori hota hai.
P
e.g. (i) Kavita is interested music and fond of
painting. (use 'interested in')
by

(ii) This plan is different the previous one

and similar to the one we discussed last
year. (use 'different from')
ish

1. He is good at (a)/and fond to (b)/playing

football. (c)/no error (d)
gl

[SSC CHSL Pre 2018]

2. The book is useful for (a)/and relevant to the
En

students (b)/preparing for exams. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CPO 2019]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 193

 Pocket Rocket
Answer key
1. (b) 2. (d)
Rule 156

ir
Some superfluous errors:-

tS
(a) ‘Records’ mein ‘previous’ word pehle se hi
include hota hai. Records hamesha previous

an
hote hain. ‘Previous records’ mein
superfluousness ki error hoti hai.
(b) ‘Water’ ke saath ‘wet’ ka prayog galat hota

sh
hai, kyunki water hamesha wet hota hai.
ra
(c) ‘Suppose’ aur ‘if’ - dono same meaning
convey karte hain. Dono ka ek saath prayog
P
karna galat hota hai.
(d) Inn words ke sath 'back' ka prayog
by

superfluous hota hai: return, reimburse,

retreat, recede, withdraw, recall, recapitulate,
recap, recast, etc.
ish

(e) Inn words ke saath ‘again’ ka prayog

superfluous hota hai: rebirth, reborn,
gl

rebuild, regain, reiterate, recast, recall,

rewrite, etc.
En

(f) ‘Equally’ ke saath ‘as + positive degree +

as’ ka prayog superfluous hota hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 194
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(g) Inn words ke baad ‘not’ ka prayog galat hota

hai: until, unless, forbid, prohibit, prevent,
dissuade, deny, refuse, lest, etc.

ir
(h) ‘Coward’ ke meaning mein ‘man’ pehle se

tS
hi include hota hai: a person who lacks
courage (kayar). ‘Coward’ ke saath man ya
person ka prayog illogical hota hai.

an
(i) ‘Bag and baggage’ ek idiom hai jiska matlab
hai - ‘saare belongings ke saath’. Iske saath

sh
preposition ‘with’ ka prayog illogical hota hai.
(j) ‘Passing marks’, ‘linking language’,
ra
‘linking network’, ‘dressing sense’ - yeh
incorrect phrases hain. Inka correct form yeh
hoga: pass marks, link language, link
P
network, dress sense.
by

(k) ‘Suddenly’ aur ‘came across’ ka saath mein

prayog superfluous hota hai.
(l) ‘Estimate’ aur ‘approximation’ hamesha
ish

rough hote hain. Inke saath ‘rough’ ka

prayog nahi hota hai.
(m) ‘Conclusion’ ke saath ‘final’ ka prayog
gl

unnecessary hota hai.

(n) ‘Funeral’ apne aap mein ek ceremony ya
En

service hota hai. Iske saath ‘ceremony’ ya

‘service’ ka prayog galat hota hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 195
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(o) ‘Enter into’ - yeh superfluous error ka

example hai. Lekin ‘enter into’ ek phrasal
verb bhi hai jiska matlab hota hai - to

ir
participate aise case mein ‘enter’ ke saath

tS
‘into’ ka prayog kiya ja sakta hai.
(p) Cousin ke sath sister/brother nahi aata hai.
e.g. (i) My cousin brother lives in Delhi. (drop

an
'brother')
(ii) I am going to meet my parents and I will

sh
return back on Monday. (drop 'back')
1. Supposing if (a)/it rains (b)/what shall we do?
ra
(c)/no error (d)
[SSC CHSL 2011]
P
2. After the teacher had told the boys (a)/how
to prnounce the word (b)/all of them in one
by

voice repeated the word again. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CGL Mains 2010]
3. Pavan returned back home (a)/when he
ish

completed (b)/his assignment abroad. (c)/no

error (d)
gl

[SSC CHSL 16/04/2021]

4. He went to work (a)/but returned back (b)/
En

immediately. (c)/no error (d)

[SSC CGL 07/03/2020]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 196

 Pocket Rocket
Answer key
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b)
Rule 157

ir
Voice:-

tS
Active voice se passive voice mein change
karte samay mainly 3 points ko yaad rakhein:-
(i) Active voice se passive voice mein change

an
karte time active voice ke object ko
passive voice ka subject bana diya jata hai.

sh
(ii) Active voice mein verb ke form ko tense ke
according likha jata hai but passive voice mein
hum ‘be + V3’ structure ka use karte hai jaha
ra
‘be’ ki form tense ke according likhte hai.
(iii) Active voice ke subject ko passive voice
P
mein generally preposition ‘by’ ka object
banakar likhte hain.
by

Indefinite Verb:-
ish
gl
En

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 197

 Pocket Rocket

Continuous Verb:-

ir
tS
an
Perfect Verb:-

sh
P ra
Di-transitive verb ka passive 2 tarah se
banaya ja sakta hai:-
by

Structure:-
• Active:- sub + verb + indirect object + direct + object
• Passive 1:- sub (direct object) + H.V. + V3 +
ish

to/too + by + object
• Passive 2:- sub (indirect object) + H.V. + V3 +
direct + object + by + object
gl

(a) Infinitives ka passive voice mein change:-

• has/have/had + to + V1 wale structure ko
En

niche diye gaye prakar se passive voice mein

change karte hai.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 198
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Structure:-
• Active:- sub + has/have/had + to + V1 + obj.
• Passive:- sub + has/have/had + to + be + V3

ir
+ by + obj.

tS
(b) Imperative sentence ka passive structure niche
diye gaye prakar se banta hai:-
(i) Without object

an
Structure:-
• You are ordered/requested/advised/warned,
etc. + to + V1 + obj.

sh
(ii) With object
Structure:-
•
ra
Active:- verb + object
• Passive 1:- let + object + be + V3
P
• Passive 2:- you are ordered/requested/
forbidden, etc. + to + verb + obj.
by

(c) Moral suggestion:-

Structure:-
• sub + should + be + V3
ish

(d) Let se banne wale structure sentences ko

passive voice mein niche diye gaye prakar se
change karte hai.
gl

Structure:-
• Active:- let + indirect object + V1 + direct obj.
En

• Passive:- let + direct object + V3 + by + indirect

obj.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 199
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• Active:- let + indirect object + V1 + ....
• Passive:- sub + should/might + be + allowed
+ to + V1

ir
• Active:- let’s + V1 + (object)

tS
• Passive:- It is suggested that + we + should
+ V1 + (object)
(e) Who?:-

an
• ‘Who’ ka prayog sentence mein subject ke
roop mein hota hai aur ‘whom’ ka prayog
object ke roop mein hota hai. Inki voice

sh
change karte time niche diye gaye structures
ko yaad rakhe.
Structure:-
ra
• Active:- Who + (H.V.) + M.V. + obj?
P
• Passive-1:- By whom + be + sub + V3
• Passive-2:- Who + be + object + V3 + by?
by

• Active:- Whom + H.V. + sub + M.V. + ....?

• Passive:- Who + be + V3 + by + obj?
ish

(f)Causative verbs ka passive voice:-

Diye gaye verbs ka passive voice mein
structure dekhe.
gl

Make/Bid:-
Structure:-
En

• Active voice:- subject + make/bid + object +

V1 + ....

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 200

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• Passive voice:- subject + be + made/bidden
+ to + V1 + (by + object)
Get:-

ir
Structure:-

tS
• Active voice:- Get + obj1 + to + V1 + obj2
• Passive voice:- Get + obj1 + V3 + by + obj1
Have:-

an
Structure:-
• Active voice:- Have + obj1 + V1 + obj2

sh
• Passive voice:- Have + obj 2 + V3 + by + obj1
e.g. (i) Active: The teacher made the students
ra
complete the assignment.
Passive: The students were made to
P
complete the assignment (by the teacher).
(ii) Active: The king bade the servant leave
by

the room.
Passive: The servant was bidden to leave
the room (by the king).
ish

(g) Feel ,taste, smell, etc. verbs ka passive voice:-

Structure:-
• Passive voice:- sub + verb + adjective + when
gl

+ pronoun + helping verb + V3

e.g. Active: The soup tastes delicious.
En

Passive: The soup tastes delicious when it is

tasted.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 201
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Rule 158
Active v/s Passive:-

ir
Agar subject action ka doer ho tab active

tS
voice ka; lekin agar subject action ka doer na
ho tab passive voice ka prayog karta hain.
Note:- Intransitive verbs ka kabhi bhi passive

an
voice nahi banaya ja sakta.
1. Bags and purses (a)/were thoroughly checking

sh
(b)/at the entrance (c)/to the theatre. (d)
ra [SSC CHSL 19/04/2021]
2. The letter (a)/was posting yesterday (b)/by my
brother (c)/no error (d)
P
[CPO 11/12/2019 Shift-I]
3. Carrots and sweet potatoes were airdrop (a)/
by

for animals starving (b)/during the tragic

bushfires in Australia. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CHSL 17/03/2020]
ish

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (a)
gl

Rule 159
Narration mein direct speech ko indirect
En

speech mein convert karte samay kuchh

important points yaad rakhne:-
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 202
 Pocket Rocket
 Agar sentence mein 'inverted commas' ke bahar
'past tense' diya ho tab 'inverted commas' ke
andar niche diye gaye changes karte hain.

ir
tS
an
sh
P ra
by
ish
gl
En

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 203

 Pocket Rocket

ir
tS
an
 Niche diye gaye situations mein reported

sh
speech ke 'tense/adverbs' mein koi change
nahi karte hain.
ra
• Agar reporting verb 'present' ya 'future'
tense mein ho.
P
• Agar reported speech mein universal
truth, habitual action, historical facts,
by

proverbs, idioms diye gaye ho.

 Direct speech mein question hone par.
ish

• Says + (to) + asks

• Said + (to) + asked
• Interrogative structure  assertive structure
gl

(H.V + sub) (sub + H.V.)

• 'Yes/no' type question hone par
En

conjunction 'that' nahi 'if/whether' lagate

hain.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 204
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• Wh-words type question hone par koi

conjunction nahi lagta; conjunction ki
jagah unhi wh-words ka prayog karte

ir
hain jo question mein diye hote hai.

tS
 Interrogative sentence ko direct se indirect
mein change karte samay niche diye gaye
points ko yaad rakhein.

an
• Interrogative sentences ko direct se
indirect mein change karte samay

sh
affirmative sentence mein change kar
diya jata hai.
ra
• Conjunction ke roop mein 'that' ka
prayog na karke 'if/whether' ka prayog
karte hain.
P
• Agar reported speech 'Wh-word' se start
by

ho tab conjunction ke roop mein usi

'Wh-word' ka prayog karte hain.
• Agar direct speech mein 'yes/no' type
ish

question ho aur sath mein uska answer

bhi diya ho tab answer 'yes' rahne par
'answered in the affirmative' ya
gl

'answered positively' likhte hain aur

answer 'no' rahne par 'answered in the
En

negative' ya 'answered negatively' likhte

hain.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 205
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 Direct speech mein imperative sentence hone

par.
• V1 ....  to + V1 ....

ir
• Don't + V1 ....  not to + V1 ....

tS
• Imperative sentence mein koi conjunction
nahi lagate hain.

an
 'How/what' se banne wale exclamatory
sentence ko indirect speech mein likhte
samay 'how/what' ko drop karke assertive

sh
sentence banate hain aur jarurat ke hisab se
emphasising words jaise 'very/great' ka prayog
ra
karte hain.
 Where se banne wale ex clamatory
P
sentences ko indirect speech mein likhte
samay not + anywhere ya nowhere ka prayog
by

karte hain.
 Sir/madam/your honour, etc. words ka
prayog kewal direct speech mein karte hain
ish

indirect speech mein inhe drop karke

'respectfully' ka prayog karte hain.
Golden tips:
gl

• Sabse pahle yah dekhein ki reporting

verb 'past tense' mein hai ya nahi; jisse
En

yah pata chale ki 'tense/adverb' mein

change karna hai ya nahi.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 206
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• Agar changes hone hain tab sabse pahle

verb ke changes ko check karein.
• Agar abhi bhi answer na mila ho tab fir

ir
adverbs ke changes ko check karein.

tS
• Last mein pronoun ke changes ko
check karein.

an
• Most of the questions verb aur adverb ke
changes ko check karke hi ho jate hain.
Rule 160

sh
Important phrases:-
(a) Go ke sath banne wale phrases:-
ra
• Go deaf/blind/bald
• Go dead/off/mouldy (food)
P
• Go dead (telephone)
by

• Go missing etc.
• Go for a walk/run, etc.
(b) Trouble ke sath banne wale phrases:-
ish

• Take the trouble + to + V1 []

• Take the trouble + V1+ing []
• Have trouble + to + V1 [×]
gl

• Worth the trouble + to + V1 []

(c) ‘Help’ verb ke sath infinitive aur gerund
En

aa sakta hai:-
• Help + object + to + V1
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 207
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• Help + object + V1
• Help + object + in + gerund
• Help + object + with + noun

ir
(d) Can not/could not ke sath niche diye gaye

tS
structures possible hain:-
• Can’t stand + V1+ing
• Can’t bear + V1+ing

an
• Can not + help + V+ing
• Can not + help + but + V1

sh
Note:- Point (d) wale structure khud ko rok
na pane ke sense mein aate hain.
ra
1. It is not worth (a)/having the trouble (b)/to
write to him (c)/as he never replies. (d)/no
error (d)
P
[CGL Pre-11/04/2022 Shift-III]
by

2. Shall (a)/we go (b)/for walking (c)/in the

park? (d)
[CGL Pre-21/04/2022 Shift-II]
ish

3. He couldn't but help (a)/shed tears at the

plight of the villagers (b)/rendered homeless
by a devastating cyclone. (c)/no error (d)
gl

[SSC CGL Mains 12/04/2015]

4. She could (a)/not help (b)/but laugh. (c)/no
En

error (d)
[SSC CGL Pre 16/0/8/2015]

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 208

 Pocket Rocket
Answer key
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (d)
Rule 161

ir
‘Marry’ ka prayog, active voice mein kiye

tS
jaane par iske saath kisi bhi preposition ka
prayog nahi kiya jata hai lekin passive voice
mein iska prayog kiye jaane par iske saath ‘to’

an
preposition ka prayog kiya jata hai.
e.g. Prashant married with Radhika. (drop 'with')

sh
1. He married (a)/with a rich heiress (b)/last
year. (c)/no error (d)
[CGL 07/03/2020]
ra
2. She is married with (a)/a rich businessman
and has (b)/enough money to splurge on
P
luxuries. (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CPO MAINS 2023]
by

Answer key
1. (b) 2. (a)
Rule 162
ish

Exclamatory Expression
• To express pain  Ouch!, Ah!, Ow!, etc.
gl

• To express displeasure  Boo!, Ew!, Yuck!,

Whoops! etc.
En

• To express cold  Brr!

• To express fear  Eek!, Yikes!, etc.
English Formula book by Prashant Sir 209
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• To express congratulations  Cheers!,

Congratulation!, etc.
• To express surprise  Gosh!, Goodness!, etc.

ir
1. He replied (a)/in a dry tone, (b)/"Ouch! I will

tS
not work (c)/for you anymore." (d)
[SSC CGL 12/09/2024 (Shift-III)]
2. Brr, the city (a)/view from the (b)/Eiffel Tower

an
is amazing! (c)/no error (d)
[SSC CGL 17/09/2024 (Shift-III)]

sh
Answer key
1. (c) 2. (a) ra
P
by
ish
gl
En

English Formula book by Prashant Sir 210

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