SALEM SAHODAYA SCHOOL COMPLEX

PRE BOARD EXAMINATION – 2024-2025

GRADE: 12 PHYSICS – KEY
SECTION –A
1. a
r = 0.5m
I=Q/T= Q.f (f =1/T) ω = 2πf
I = 5A magnetic field at the centre of the circular path is
B= μ0 i/2r = 4π x 10-7 x5 / 2x0.5
a) 2π x 10-6 T
2. a
1/x2
3. a
Using formula R =ρ L/A
For the 1st resistor, R =ρ L/A
For the 2nd resistor, 2R = ρ l/A/4
Therefore, l = L /2
4. d
5. B
If 2nd circuit is brought near the 1st, then 2nd circuit will be anti clockwise
because the first loop will oppose the relative motion of 2nd loop and
direction of induced magnetic field in the 2nd loop will be towards right side.
6. d
7. b
Critical angle for total internal reflection θ = 30o
V = 3 x 108 / 2 = 1.5 x 108 m/s
8. b
9. b
E1 / 9 – E1 / 4 =E
E1 = -7.2E
Ionisation energy of hydrogen is 7.2 E
10. b
11. c
Reactance capacitance, Xc = 1 /ω C = 104Ω
I0 = V0 / Xc = 282 / 104 = 28.2 mA
I rms = I0 / √2 = 28.2 / √2 = 20mA
12. c
When a small amount of antimony pentavalent is added to germanium
tetravalent crystal, then crystal becomes n-type semiconductor.
Assertion – Reason:
13. c
14. c
15. a
16. a
SECTION –B
17.Refer
18. (i) Light ray must travel from denser medium into rarer medium.
(ii) The angle of incidence in denser medium must be greater than the critical angle.
(b) Relation for pair of optical media with refractive indices n1 and n2 (n2 > n1).

19. .∆E = hc/λ = 6.6x10-34 x 3x108 / 102.7 x 10-9 x 1.9 x 10-19 eV

= 12.04 eV. Now, ∆E = -13.6-(-1.50) =12.1 eV

Hence, transition shown by arrow D corresponds to emission of l =102×7nm.

OR
Graphical variation of (BE/A) for nucleons with mass number A .

The variation of binding energy per nucleon versus mass number is shown infigure
Conclusions: (i) Nuclear forces non-central and short ranged force. (ii) Nuclear forces
between proton-neutron and neutron-neutron are strong and attractive in nature.

20. For the half cycle of input ac, one of two diode gets forward biased and conducts
and output current is obtained across RL.For -ve half cycle of input ac, the other diode
is forward biased and thus output current is obtained due to this diode in this way we
get the output current across load RL for a complete cycle of input ac as shown in fig.

21. Refer
SECTION –C
22.

Consider infinitely long straight charged wire of linear charge density

For calculating electric field consider an imaginary cylindrical Gaussian Surface of
radius r and length l.
Here the field is radial everywhere, so flux through the two ends of cylinder is Zero.
At the Gaussian cylindrical surface, the electric field E is normal to the surface at every
point. The magnitude of E depends only on radius 'r', so it is constant.
Therefore flux through Gaussian surface

According to Gauss's law , flux

Here, total charge enclosed = linear charge density length

Therefore flux

Using equation (1) and (2)

That is ,

The vector notation is

where is the radial unit vector normal to the line charge

b)

E α 1/r
23. Formula used: B=μoi2πr

Here long straight wire means length of wire (l)>>>r

So, this wire can be treated as infinite wire and magnetic field at a distance r will
be B=μoi2πr
Here, i=35 A,r=20~cm=0.2 m
Putting values,
B=4π×10−7×352π×0.2
B=3.5×10−5 T
Final Answer: 3.5×10−5 T
24. a) The wire is expanding to form a circle and magnetic field is acting in the normal
to the plane of loop away from the reader. Since, area of loop increases, the magnetic
flux linked also increases. The direction of induced current should be such that it will
produce magnetic field in opposite direction. Hence induced current will be flowing in
anticlockwise direction
b) When circular loop is transformed into a narrow straight wire, then the area of the
loop will be decreasing with time, leading to decrease in magnetic flux. The induced
current should be such that it opposes the decrease in the magnetic flux. Therefore,
the current flow will be along a' d' c' b' which produces the induced magnetic field
normal to the plane of loop.
25. f the telescope is in normal adjustment, i.e., the final image is at infinity then its
magnification is given by,
M = fo/fe
Since fo=150 cm, fe=5 cm
M=150/5 = 30
If tall tower is at distance 3 km from the objective lens of focal length 150 cm. It will
form its image at distance vo. So, using lens formula we get,
1/fo = 1/vo − 1/uo
1/150 cm = 1/vo − 1/(−3km)
1/vo =1/1.5 m − 1 / 3000 m
vo=3000×1.53000−1.5=45002998.5=1.5 m
Magnification, mo= I / O = hi / ho = vo / uo
hi / 100 m=1.5 m / 3 km=1.5 / 3000
hi=1.5×100 / 3000=120 m
hi=0.05 m
So the height of the image of the tower is 5 cm.
26. The two waves are at the specific point P at the given time. The difference only
occurs in the phases. Displacement of each separate wave is given by y2 = b sin (θ +
ωt ) and y1 = a sin ωt. Here b and a are the amplitude of the waves and θ is the
difference in phase between the two waves which is constant. Applying the principle of
superposition stated earlier we get y = b sin (θ + ωt) + a sin ωt.
If the resultant amplitude is considered as A then y = A sin (θ + ωt) = b sin (θ + ωt) + a
sin ωt.
Or, A [ Sin ωt cos θ + Cos ωt Sin θ) = b[ Cos ωt Sin θ + Sin ωt Cos θ] + a Sin ωt.
Therefore comparing the coefficients of Sin ωt and Cos ωt on both sides
b Sin θ = A Sin θ ————-ii)
b Sin θ + a = A Cos θ ———-iii)
Squaring and adding the above two equations we get
A2 = (b Sin θ + a)2 + (b Sin θ)2
A2 = b2 + 2ab Cos θ + a2
A = √( b2 + 2ab Cos θ + a2) ——————–iv)
Now dividing equation ii) by iii) we get
Tan θ = bsin θ/ (bcos θ + a) ——————v)
Now we know that intensity varies directly with the square of the amplitude of the
waves
Let us suppose I1 = ka2 , I = kA2 and I2= kb2
Therefore, I = kA2
I = k (b2 + 2ab Cos θ + a2)
I = kb2 + 2kab Cos θ + ka2
I = I2 + 2√ka√kbCos θ + I1
I = I2 + I1 + 2√I1I2 Cos θ, which is the resultant intensity when two waves of intensity
I1 and I2 interfere.
OR
Let r0 be the distance of closest approach where the K.E. of α-particle is converted into
its potential energy. If kinetic energy (K) of a-particle is doubled, the distance of closest
approach will become half.

If kinetic energy (K) of a-particle is doubled, the distance of closest approach will
become half.
27. 4.87Ma
28. Two processes occur during the formation of a p-n junction are diffusion and drift.
Due to the concentration gradient across p and n-sides of the junction, holes diffuse
from p-side to n-side (p → n) and electrons diffuse from n-side to p-side (n → p). This
movement of charge carriers leaves behind ionised acceptors (negative charge -
immobile) on the p-side and donors (positive charge immobile) on the n-side of the
junction. This space charge region on either side of the junction together is known as
depletion region.
 SECTION –D
29.
(i) d
(ii) d
(iii) a or c
(iv) c
Ns / Np = Vs / Vp
Ns / 4000 = 230 / 2300
Ns = 400 turns
30.
(i) c
In Young’s double slit experiment, if white light is used instead of
monochromatic light, then we shall get a white fringe at the centre
surrounded on either side with some coloured fringes, with violet fringe in
the beginning and red fringe in the last.
(ii) d concentric circles
(iii) b
(iv) a or d ( When we close one slit in the YDSE, then the single slit
diffraction pattern is observed)
SECTION – E
31.(a)
(ii) When the two charged spherical conductors are connected by a conducting wire
they acquire the same potential.

(OR)

When conductor is subjected to an electric field E, each electron experience a force.

Here m = mass of electron, e= charge ,E= electric field.

The average time difference between two consecutive collisions is known as

relaxation time of electron.
(ii) Here, R = 10 Ω, A = 1 mm2 = 10-6m2, V = 10V, n = 8 x 1028 electrons/m3 Now, I
= enAVd

32. a) The device is capacitor. The reactance of capacitor is given by Xc = 1/ωC =

1/2πfC

(b) Graph of voltage and current w.r. to time

c) Graph showing the variation of XC with frequency f

(d) Phase diagram for device X is shown in fig.

33. a) According to de Broglie’s hypothesis, λ = h/mv .......(i)

According to de Broglie’s condition of stationary orbits, the stationary orbits are those
which contain complete de Broglie wavelength. 2πr = nλ ....(ii)

Substituting value of l from (ii) in (i), we get 2πr = n(h/mv) => mvr = n(h/2π) ....(iii)

This is Bohr’s postulate of quantisation of energy levels.

 OR
Given:
The wavelength of the monochromatic light 632.8 nm, the power emitted by the laser
is 9.42 mW, the mass of hydrogen atom 1.66× 10 −27 kg.
a)
The energy of photon is given as,
E= hc λ (1)
Where, Planck’s constant is h, the speed of light is c and the wavelength is λ.
By substituting the given values in the above 52995
E= 6.626× 10 −34 ×3× 10 8 632.8× 10 −9 =3.14× 10 −19 J
The momentum of the photon is given as,
p= h λ
By substituting the given values in the above equation, we get
p= 6.626× 10 −34 632.8× 10 −9 =1.05× 10 −27 kg⋅ ms -1
Thus, the energy of each photon is 3.14× 10 −19 J and the momentum of photon
is 1.05× 10 −27 kg⋅ ms -1 .
b)
The number of photons per second arriving on the target is given as,
n= P E Where, the power is P.
By substituting the given values in the above equation, we get
9.42× 10 −3 =n×3.15× 10 −19 n= 9.42× 10 −3 3.15× 10 −19 ≈3× 10 16 photons/s
Thus, the numbers of photons per second arriving at the target are 3× 10 16 .
c)
Since, the momentum of hydrogen atom is same as the momentum of the photon.
Therefore, the momentum of hydrogen atom is 1.05× 10 −27 kg⋅ ms -1 .
The speed of electron is given as,
v= p m
Where, the momentum of electron is p and the mass of the hydrogen atom is m.
By, substituting the given values in above equation, we get
v= 1.05× 10 −27 1.66× 10 −27 =0.63 ms −1
Thus, the speed of the hydrogen atom is 0.63 ms -1 .