HINTS & SOLUTIONS 4.

(3) Asthe multiple of in the given vector

is zero therefore this vector lies in XZ plane and

In-class Exercise projection of this vector on y-axis is zero.

Starter Level
5. (3) Thecomponent of force in vertical
1. (2) direction

i-28+3- (2i +)-2(3j- ) + 3(6i –2k)

= Fcos = Fcos60' =5x=2.5N
2
=20i -5j-4k
A, B
6. (4) Å= 3i +5,-7k
2. (3) The figure shows three vectors
cosines are
The direction
and C.
A is a horizontal vector.
COS a= cos ß=
A,
cos Y = A

|4 |4
B is a vertical vector.

C isa diagonal vector that forms a resultant =4,)+(4,)' + (4,)

from A to B. =/9+25+49 = /83

of Ä. 3 5 -7
In figure, arrow of Cends at tail
a= ß=V83F, cOS =
When Å is addcd to ,
it gives . COS
V83
cos

i+=B 7. (3) The resultant force is

So, correct option is (3).

F=\F++2FF; cos 90' =F +
3. (3) Join PR.
8. (4) +F,+F,»4i +6j+F,=0

:. =4i -6)
B
makes less angle with the
R 9. (3) The resultant

vector of greater magnitude.

From the triangle law of

PR= P+QR =A +B
addition 10. (2)
Option (3)

then the
Let
is

ñ,

sum is
correct.

and

ñ,
,
=i,+ñ,
are the two unit vectors,

triangle law of addition

Again from the Or n =n +n; +2n,n, cos 0
PS = PR+ RS =Ã+B +
 In a lane

=l+1+2 cos 0
ABsin 0 6/3
--V3
AB cos 0 6
Sinceit is given that n, is also a unit vector,

9=v3
therefore
or tan

l=1+1+ 2cos cos =- .0=120" and 0= 60°

20. (2) The magnitude

of A is
Now the difference vector is ñ, =ñ,-ñ, or

nj=n; +n;-2n,n, cos 0 =1+1-2 cos(120')

|=V3 +4'=5
.. n =2-2(-1/2) =2+l=3n,=/3
3i
+4j_0.6i + 0.8j
11. (4) i+B-i-B»B=-B 5

It is only possible when is a null vcctor.

Ä+ B=4i +2j
12. (4) Let =i+B=3i-j+7Ë +si-j+9k
|Ä+š-/16+ 4=V20
=Ä+B=&i -2j+16k

i--2i + 6j|i-i-/4+ 36–2VI0

The direction cosine is
V324

13. (2) As two vectors are same so theangle ñ= Ä-B 2i +6j i

+
between them is zero. 2V10 V10 V10

14. (3) A-B=0 0=90° Option (2) is correct

21. (3) When a particle moves in a plane witt

15. (2) As, R² =p'+P'+2P' cos 0
constant accclcration in a dircction difterent from

»R=2P'(1+cosO) the initial velocity, its path is a parabola. This is

becausc thc combination of the initial velocin

and constantacceleration leads to a trajector
R' = 4P'cos
2
R= 2Pcos 2 described by a quadratic cquation, which

represents a parabolic path. The corect option

16. (2) AxB=0.. sin=0 ..0=0° is (3).

Two vectors will be parallel to cach other. 22. (4) The velocity of the particle, V' =h +k

17. (4) ÄxB and BxA have same magnitude

dx dy
and opposite dircctions. So Ax B=-Bx A. dt
=ky.
d
=kr

I5 -x dt kr
18. (1) sin 0=
AB
=-0=
5x6 2
30°
dy

dt
dh

dx k

19. (4) Given, A-B= ABcos =6 ydy = xdx= +c

This is the required gencralcquation.
and |Ax i=ABsin 0 =6/3
23. (1) xy
 a, =2m /s, a, =0 a= 8

u, =8m/s' u, , =-15m/s 27. (2) V=

v, =8+2, =-1S , dx
dt
=1,
dy
dt

=X:
dt

dr
2
v=2i
So, V +4j

,
dt dt

v=vity,j- (8 + 21)i-15 28. (4) Let after time y, and y,be respective

Consider the coordinate system hcights of stonc and fruit.

24. (2) traditional

as shoWn ..ucosaxt=d

N d Vh +d
t= d

Vh +d'

V,

d
Given v, =40j
v, -velocity ofbird
velocity of train
. y, =u sin a:

V, =velocity of bird w.r.to train = X

Vh' +d' 2 u

V, =40i
+d')
Vx -V,-v, =40i + 40 y, =h- g(h2u

v=40/2 NE direction
g(h +d)
and y, =h-8 =h
of constant magnitude is 2u
25. (3) When a force

perpendicular to the velocity of particleacts on,

work done is zero and hence change in kinetic =

and y, y, the stone always hits the fruit

energy is zero. The correct option is (3).

29. (3) The bullets fired horizontally from a tower
26. (3) When thc two particles collide then thcir will reach the ground at same timebut with
position vectors are cqual. different vclocitics,resulting in different

horizontal displaccments. Thercforc, thc corrcct

option is (3).

+ si)+(4i + 3j)2 30. (2) The rate ofchange of velocity

(si is cqual to
acccleration duc to gravity (g).
Correct option
is (2).
-(-si-3j)•(ai +7i)2
 34 Motion in a Plane

R, :R, = l:1.
T= The vclocity atpoint B
2v, in
31. (2) for a projcctile
36. (4)
magnitude but
would be the sam
in
motion
ontheY-axis duc to gravity

2v,4, opposite in dircction

R=u,T = X-axis component remainsunchanged
while thc
vclocity at point B is
Hcncc, the corrcct
max. height=I, (4) is corrcct.
32. (1) Time to reach 4i -5jm/s .So option

twovelocity vectors become

Time to reach back to ground = 37. (2) As the
components arc
perpendicular the horizontal

Total timc of flight T, >I, +, cqual at both positions.

vsin0= u cOs 0
T, =21,
The initial velocity vector is
33. (3)

u=u cOs i +u sin 0j

time is (90-0
The velocity vector after
t
v=ucos ei +(usin - g)j

When , is perpendicular to

V=u cot0
Vu =0
38. (2) Atthe maximum height potential cncrgy

Øgt =0 maximum and hence its kinetic energy

,
w'cos'+ u' sin' 0-u sin is is

minimum at which the body covers half of the

range alongx-axis. Correct option is (2).

gsin
39. (2) Let the anglebe then at any time t
34. '=40x 2x 10 in x- direction, = ucos 0, iny - dircction,
v,
(4)
2g -gt
v, =usin

u=V800 =20/2 V, = V,,usin e-gt =u cos 0

20
R= u'sin
u(sin- =
cos0) gt t=(sin -cos)

u' 800
=80m 40. (2) Let h be the heightof the target and the
10
projectile is aimed at the top of the the height
35. (3) For anglc that makes an angle e with the horizonta
direction.

(45°-0), R, = u' sin (90°- 20) u' cos 20

u'
R=-sin 20 sin 20 =100× 10 1

1000
For angle

+
(45° 0),R,
u'sin (90° 20) + u'cos 20 1

[Oisvery small
2000
 Motion in a Plane 35
100
R
=0h=: -m=Scn.
2000

41. (2) 29.4m

Let the spccd of thc
be J125ms at timc . Then
projcctilc

v'=v+v u sinO =9.8sin 30 =4.9 m/s

Here,
From the relation,h = u sin et +(1/2)gt

v, = u, =ucos 45"=10V2 x
V2
=10msl (1)
We get, 29.4 = 4.91 +(1/2) x9.81' >=2 sec
45. (4) Horizontal velocity ofball and person are
and v, =u, -g
same so both willcover equal horizontal distance
in a given interval of time and after following
v =u sin 45° -10t
exactly in the
the parabolic path the ball falls

hand which threw it up.

1

=10/2x- --10t=10-101 ..(2)

46. (4) Vertical component of velocity is

unchanged relative to trolley and ground.

Squaring and adding (1) and (2), we get
2vsin
Now time of flight
v;+v=(1o)' +(10 +10r)
to
Time of flight remains unchanged relative
trolley & ground.Hence right
(Vi25) =(10)' +(10+10r) choice is (4).

47. (3) Displaccmcnt, velocity and acccleration

or (10+ 101) =125 – 100 =25 time

change continuously with respect to

because of change in direction.

(10+10r) ±=5
48. (2) In uniform circular motion, the quantity
10+5
Hence, ,= 10-5
10
and 1, = 10
connectcd with the

remains constant vith time

motion of the
is
particle that

Velocity. \While

spced renains constant magnitude,velocity

in

stays constant in agnitude and direction due

to the continuous change in direction as the
The relative acceleration of one projcctile particle moves aroundthecircular path.
42. (4)
with other projectileis
a, = a, - a, -8-g =0. 49. (1) As body covers cqual anglein equal time

43. (4)
|2h
, 2x=v'
2(2h)
its angularvelocity and hence
intervals
magnitudeof lincar velocity is constant.

50. (4) In 1S scconds hand rotate through 90

From the abovc two cq's

v'=V2v

44. (1) The situation is shown in the adjoining

figure.
 36 Motion in a Plane

.:. Change in velocity,

|a= 2vsin

=2(ro)sin
) 2. (1) Resultant

=Ä+B=

= 3i

R
of

+6j-2k
vectors

4i +3j

3i +6j–2
+6 -i-3j
and

3i
B

- RÃ

-6j-2k
:

-2x1x*s
3. (1) =i+jA|= +F= /
47 IN2 cm
60V/2 30 S
[As T =60s ] cos a= = cos 45.a=4s.
51. (4) Electrostatic force provides necessary
centripetal force forcircular motionofelectron.

52. (4) Angularacceleration =di'-=20, F

4. (4)
53. (1) Given that

4
a
The X component of force F is

2
F, =Fcos30 =Fy V3
2
The Y component of force F is

2m
Momentum of theparticle is P=mv=
F, =Fsin 30

54. (4) As time periods are equal therefore ratio

5. (2) Magnitude of unit vector =1

of angular specds will be 1:1 = >0.5) +(0.8)° +c=1

55. (3) The By solvingwe get c= v0.1l
earth rotates west to east. So the
velocity of train 2 increases. a, =v'R.Hence 6. (2) i+B=4i -3j+6i +8)=10i + 5)
cenpripetal acceleration of train 2 is more.

i.e., a<l.

Starter Level Student Drill tan =

10
=0= tan

1. (4) For twovectors to be equal, their

7. (1)
coresponding componcnts must be cqual.This
means that the k component of the first vector
=ä+b+i-4i -j-3i +2j -&=itj-k
(Sk)must equalthe k component of the second

vector (-ak). Therefore,a must be -5.

 Motion in a Plane 31
i+j-k i+j-k
V3
8. (1) If A and B arc parallel i- B=2

Ax B=0
cos 0
AB

k(-2p- 20) =0 sin 0= 1-cos' 0:

p=-10

.. 0=sin
B=Si +10,

|B|= 25 + 100 =5V 14. (3) ä+-|ä

9. (1) 27-35=2i +j-2Â)-3(2i -j+k) Squaring on both sides, |Ä +i-|i

(Ä+
. Magnitude of
=-4i +5j-7Ê

24- 3B =J-4) +(5)° +(-7 ii+2i-

B)- (7+B)=(Ä-B)-(Ä-B)

B+B.B=ii+B-B-24-B
=V16+ 25+ 49 = /90 44- B =04AB cos =0
10. (2) Given, P=i-j+k, then we have
cos 0=0 O= 90°

P+Q=i 15. (1) (Ä+ B)is perpendicular to (å- B). Thus

(+ B)-(Ä-B) =0
Q=i-i+j-k=j-k
or
A +B-i B- B =0.
11. (2) |4-B=VA +B-2ABcos Becauseofcommutativeofdot product

Given that J +B -2ABcos =A-B

Squaring on both sides
..A -B =0 or A= B
Thus the ratio of magnitudes AlB =1
A +B² 2AB cos = 4 + B²-2AB
cos = l»0=0° 16. (2) ã on - 4-B
The projection of
12. (3) Let the givenvectors be

Ä=2i +3j +8k and B=4i+4j+ak B--'+3'+4' =VI+9+16=26

Dot product of these vectors should be cqual to
A- B=2(-l) +3x3
zero because they are perpendicular. +(-1)(4) =3
3
.4-B=-8+12 +8a =0 8a =-4=a=-/2
V26
13. (1) Let the given vectors be
17. (4) For the rcsultant,
i=i+j+i;B=i+j
 3.8
Motion in aPlane

R² =R° + R² + 2R? cos

must be perpendicular to
the plane
formed h
R=2R² + 2R? cos0 vcctor A and i
1

2 =1+ cos 0 23. (2) iy and BA are anti parallel to

other. Sothe angle will be n. each

cos =- or =120°
24. (3) (Äx B) =(ËxÄ)
18. (4) Let, A and B be the two forces.
AB sin 0(ñ) = AB sin (-ñ),
V +B =5 sin0=-sin 2sin =0

or 4+B = 25 (1) sin =0, ..0=0 or n

and 4+B² +2AB cos 120° = 13 25. (3) If A-B=0,7 is perpendicular to B

or 25+24B x (-1/2) = 13 If Ä-= 0,Ä is perpendicular to C.

2AB =24 (2) So A is perpendicular to both B and.

Solving eq's (1) and (2), we get
Also Bx is perpendicular to both B and
A=3N
and B=4N Hence i is parallel to Bx.
26. (4)
19. (4) Using, A-B= ABcos e
(Ä+B)x(4-B)=ix-xB+Bxi-BxB
A-B
cos = -0-Äx B+BxÅ-0
AB
=BxÅ+BxÃ=2(Bx À)
or Cos : (i+2j+2)-i
(1²+2'+2')V2 3 27. (3) Vectorperpendicular to Åand B,
20. (1) As, AB cos =AB
Åx B= AB sin 9n
cos = l0= 0°

..unit vector perpendicular to A and B

21. (1) tan a = Bsin0
A+ Bcos 0 Åx B
n=

)
a- Angle made by the resultant vector with

0=60, A= B=1 tan a = 2V2

- 28. (1) Given, A-B=0

AlB (Since, A-B = ABcose

Now, Ax B =1
a =tan or AB sin =|
ABsin 90° =|or AB =1
22. (4) From the property of vector product, C A=l and B =|
 Motion in a Plane 39
So,A and Bare perpendicular
unit
vectors.
29. (4)
than 1
xbl= absin @ >sin can't be grcatcr
»i, =3i+3j-3/2mis
34. (4) Thedisplaccment ofthe person is shown
30. (4) in the figure
Since, (xB) =Bx Å), so =-D
i.c., Cand D are antiparallel to each other.
Corect option is (4).
31. (2) When 10/24
a particlc
experiences a constant
acccleration against its
initial velocity,
N
a straight-linc it follows
path as
its
it slows down and reverses
dircction,which is distinct
from circular,
clliptical, or parabolic paths.
Correct option is
W
(2).
32. (4) From figure,

OA=0i +30, AB =20i +0

BC = -30N2 cos15'i-30V2 sin 45J S-S, +Š, s=V325
=-30-30 35. (2) In this problem we Write and are
Net diaplacement represcnted them on a coordinate system

20 m
453
30 m
30/2

O=04+Ah + BC=-(o + 0j0c-0m.

3. (3) For particle A

dy dx

di d
&v,3/
The mgle by
nu«de velocity of car A with respect

, 3 , 3)
to positive X-lXs

10
Us NCCn by car

|a31S'
B is
 36. (1) Consider the traditional coordinate system 40. (4) Position vector of thc body. r - 3i +7;
as shown
Acccleration of the body

a= 4i and = 3s

Using x =u, +

I= 18

New Coordinates body are (21,7,

S of the

Given

y,
, =20j
-velocity of bird
41. (3)
decreases
In the flight

of gravity. It

descends,
initially
of a
as it
projectile,the
moves
reaches a minimum at the highest
point ofits trajectory and then increases as it

reaching its maximum

against the
vclocity

value just
force

- velocity of train before hitting the ground.This behavior is due

to the continuous influence of gravity on the
y =velocity ofbird w.r.to train projectile.Correct option is (3).

42. (3) When a body isprojected at an angle ? to

v. =-20
the horizontal, its velocity at the maximum height
makes a zero
V. =V, -,=20i + 20
means the
angle with the horizontal. This

velocity becomes purely horizontal

at that point, with no vertical component.
v -20V2 NE direction Correct option is (3).

37. (3) V =Va +VA 43. (3) At the maximum height of a projcctile, the

velocity is purcly horizontal, and the acceleration

duc togravity acts vcrtically downward. This

-(si +12i)+(3i-2) makes them perpendicular to each other, with
onc being purcly horizontal and the other purcly
V, =8í -10,
vertical.So option (3) is correct.
Total displacement 44. (3)
38. (1) Average velocity = time
At the topmost point of a projectile's

trajcctory, its velocity is purely horizontal, and

duc to gravity acts vertically
the accclcration
2m
Is
= 2ms downward. Sincethey are at right angles to cach
other, the vclocity and acceleration are

39. (2) Given, x= ct'

perpcndicular at this point. Corrcct option is (3)

45. (3) Let the intial and final velocities of the

dx
=2ct projcctile are
dt

Also, y =hr' V, =ucos0i +usin 0}

dy
d =2bt V,=ucosoi-u sin 0j
u - intial spccd

V=J + = 2/Ve'+b'
Given that VV, =00=450
 Motion in a Plane3.11

46. (3) When the angle of projection inereases

>AvV) - =-2vsin

)j
V

fhom o" to 45" while keeping the velocity

2u sin 0
T=
constant, the hoizontalrnge of the
projectile
increaseN. Beyond 45", it starts decreasc duc 54. (2) and
to
2g
(othenature of the sine function.

4u'sin'0
47. (3) or T'=

,cos 7
4u' sin' 0 2g
u' sin 0

8H 2H
or T'=

48. (3) For 0- 45"

55. (3) u, = u cos i +usin 9;
w'sin'450

2g 4g sin 4S" u, =ucos0i

R= u' sin 90° Au =u,-u, -usin = j

8=4 >R=4H
49. (2) As A =usin 0

56. (4) For projectile A

H W'sin'o H, sin'0 sin 30° 1/4 I

2g sin Ø, sin 60 3/4 3 u, sin' 45

H, -.
Maxiumum height,
2g
50. (2) Horizontal velocity remains same

30 cos 60 =vcos 45° For Projectile B

v=l5V2m/s u,sin
Maxiumum height, H, 2g
51. (4) Given that R=4/3H
Given that H, =H,
u' sin 20
-=4/M´sin'
o
2g u-sin'45°
2g 2g
cot =/3 0=30°
sin 0
52. (1) v'=V, cos 0
sin' 45°

o2 =y,cos0 cos0 =0=60°

2 sin
sin 45°
53. (4) The velocities are v, =vcos Oi+vsinj
and v; =vcos 0i - vsin Oj sin'
 mu' mu'
sin 0=0-sin-30 and respectively.

57. (1)
Clearly r, >r, therefore centripetal.
2u 2u sin
T= sin
2= Thus, reaction at B isaaeiera,
usin=g at A is more.

because herethe normal reaction

less th a

provnde
:
,,
centripetal force.
u'
sin 0 =5m
H= 65. (2) When a car takes a turn, the outara
2g 2g forceexperienced by objects inside
the ar
referred to as "centrifugal force". Howe.
58. (1) and x= u, cos a,1 it's notareal force but an apparentone
Srr
the perspectiveof someone inside the
car. The actual force responsiblefor
y, =4, sin a,-8 and x, =u, cos a,I the car in the turn is the "centripetal keeepirz
force
directed toward thecenter ofthecircular ra

- , Sin a, -u sin a,
=constant Correct option is (2).

4-4 4, cOsa, -4, cos a, 66. (1) Because velocity is always tangential
centripetal acceleration is radial.
59. (3) Since,vertical displacementis same, as
wellas initialvelocity in vertically downward 67. (1) When speed is constantin circular
mt:r
direction is zero for both the bodies. Both the it means work done by
centripetal force z is

bodiesrcach the ground simultancously.

68. (2) F= my' For samemass andsame
se
60. (4) tan ß 2gH =|»ß=45° if radius is doubled then forceshould be ha.:
V2gH
69. (4) In uniform
circular motion, the speei
61. (2) Whena child in a moving train throwsa the particle remains constant.The accelerz
ballwith speed V, an observer on the ground
always points toward the center of the cir:
sees the ball's speed as greaterthan This is
because the ball's speed adds to the train's speed and the angular speed (angular velocity) re
constant. However, the velocity, being ave
accordingto the principle ofrelative motion.
Correctoption is (2). changes contínuously in direction, even
th

the speed remains constant.

62. (4) The horizontal velocity ofthe Socorrect op

stone will is (4).

be the same as that ofthe train. Vertical
motion
is accelerated motion.Thus, the resultant motion 70. (3) W=FS cos :0=90.
willbe along a parabolic The correct option
path. is (3).
63. (4) The path ofthe ball thrown from train 71. (2)
A: Due to centrifugalforce.So correct
ogt
Appears as a parabola to an observer on the is (2).
ground.
Appears asa vertical straight line to an observer 72. (4)
in train A. Centripetal acceleration, a, =R
Appears asa parabola to an observer in
train B Where v is the speed
(moving oppositelyto A).Thus, all three of an object and R is
statements (4)are true. radius ofthe circle.

64. (1) Centripetalaccelerationat A Itisalways directed

and B is towards the centre of=
circle. Since v andRare constants for a g'
 Motion in a Plane 3.13

uniformcircularmotion, therefore the magnitude

ofcentripetal acceleration is also 4
constant. = 41
However.the direction ofccntripctal
acccleration changes continuously.
Thercforc, Ratio of aflcr and bcforc change
a ccntripctal accclcration is not a constant vcctor.
44 4
73. (4) For aparticle perfoming uniform circular

1
motion. magnitude of the acccleration
remains 4:1
constant.

79. (2) Intime t, particlc has rotatcd an

74. (3) Angular acceleration

d'e
= dt =20 angle 9 =ot
The net displacement is

75. (3) Since, n= 2, o= 2ax2=41 rad/s

Soacceleration = or=(4n)°xms
100
=4n'

F=
m
76. (1) If m and n arc constants then

s=y'+(a-x}'
Fa y =asin=asin ot

X = a cos = a cos ot

-12) s=(asin or)' +(a-a cos ox)

77. (4) ot
s=2a sin

Imv
A
180° 80. (2) Given that the centripetal forces are same

(Fe)acnie (Fc)igher
my
2mv' m(nv) n'=4n=2

.Asmomentum

Change in momentum

AP=
is

2mvsin (0/2)
vector quantity (r/2)

Expert Level In-class Exercise

=2mvsin(90) =2nnv 1. (2) =2i +4j-sk

But kinctic cnergy remains always constant so

A-V2'+4' +(-5 -45
change in kineticenergy is zero.

78. (4) a circularmotion 2 4 -5

In
..COS a=
V45
, cos ß=
J450sAs
Centripctal acceleration=4 2. (1) According to Lami's theorem

P R
Velocity is doubled acceleration becomes
sin a sin ß sin y