Lecture 1:

Introduction

Course
Description
Learning Outcomes
Lecture 1: Introduction
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
Grading Scheme
Engineering Materials
Course Materials
Assignment Example

Introduction
to Engineering Jacob Schmidt
Materials
Material Types
Office: CF106C
Material Properties
Material Selection
Email: [email protected]
Summary
 Table of Contents

Lecture 1:
Introduction

1 Course Description
Course Learning Outcomes
Description
Learning Outcomes Lecture/Topic Schedule
Lecture/Topic
Schedule Grading Scheme
Grading Scheme
Course Materials Course Materials
Assignment Example
Assignment Example
Introduction
to Engineering
Materials
Material Types
2 Introduction to Engineering Materials
Material Properties
Material Selection
Material Types
Summary Material Properties
Material Selection

3 Summary
 Course Description

Lecture 1:
Introduction

Course
Description
Learning Outcomes
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
Grading Scheme This course introduces the mechanical, chemical, electrical and
Course Materials
Assignment Example thermal properties of materials. It examines the structure and
Introduction
to Engineering
properties of metals and alloys, polymeric and refractory
Materials materials. (lec 3, lab 1.5) cr 3. Lecture (3.00).
Material Types
Material Properties
Material Selection

Summary
 Course Description
Learning Outcomes

Lecture 1:
Introduction By the end of this course, students will be able to:
I connect material properties with the internal structure and
Course
Description
atomic bonding.
Learning Outcomes
Lecture/Topic
II identify and distinguish the properties of metals, polymers
Schedule
Grading Scheme
and ceramics.
Course Materials
Assignment Example III differentiate between steady and non-steady state
Introduction diffusions and solve relevant problems.
to Engineering
Materials
Material Types
IV analyze stress-strain diagrams and extract information
Material Properties about the mechanical properties of materials.
Material Selection

Summary V describe the effect of crystalline imperfections and

mechanisms of structural change.
VI use phase diagrams to analyze microstructures and their
development.
VII calculate/estimate some thermal properties of materials.
 Course Description
Lecture/Topic Schedule

Lecture 1:
Introduction
1 Introduction to Engineering Materials
Course
2 Atomic Structure
Description
Learning Outcomes 3 Atomic Bonding in Solids
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
Grading Scheme
4 Metallic Structures
Course Materials
Assignment Example
5 Defects
Introduction 6 Diffusion
to Engineering
Materials
Material Types
7 Mechanical Tests/Behaviour—Metals
Material Properties
Material Selection 8 Dislocations
Summary 9 Deformation Mechanisms—Metals
10 Strengthening/Hardening—Metals
11 Failure—Metals
12 Phase Diagrams—Metallic Systems
 Course Description
Lecture/Topic Schedule

Lecture 1:
Introduction
13 Kinetics of Phase Transformations
Course
Description
14 Correlation of Properties with Microstructure
Learning Outcomes
Lecture/Topic
15 Recovery, Recrystallization, Grain Growth
Schedule
Grading Scheme 16 Metal Alloy Types/Properties/Applications
Course Materials
Assignment Example
17 Ceramic Structures
Introduction
to Engineering 18 Mechanical Tests/Behaviour—Ceramics
Materials
Material Types
Material Properties
19 Ceramic Types/Properties/Applications
Material Selection
20 Polymer Structures
Summary
21 Mechanical Tests/Behaviour—Polymers
22 Polymer Types/Properties/Applications
23 Composites (time permitting)
 Course Description
Grading Scheme

Lecture 1:
Introduction

Assignments 25%
Course Labs 15%
Description
Learning Outcomes Midterm Exam 20%
Lecture/Topic
Schedule Final Exam 40%
Grading Scheme
Course Materials
Assignment Example Assignments are due according to the date indicated on the
Introduction
to Engineering
handout. There is a 10% penalty for submitting work for each
Materials day past the due date; works submitted more than a week late
Material Types
Material Properties will not be graded. Student submissions are expected to adhere
Material Selection
strictly to Laurentian University’s Policy on Academic Integrity.
Summary
The “Disciplinary Regulation on Academic Dishonesty” can be
accessed though Laurentian University’s Intranet site. Students
must attend at least 80% of the lectures in order to be eligible
to pass the course.
 Course Description
Course Materials

Lecture 1:
Introduction

Course
Description
Learning Outcomes
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
Textbook
Grading Scheme
Course Materials
Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, W.D.
Assignment Example
Callister, Jr. and D.G. Rethwisch, 10th edition
Introduction
to Engineering D2L
Materials
Material Types Course outline, Lecture Slides, Lab Manual, and
Material Properties
Material Selection
Assignments will be posted
Summary
 Course Description
Assignment Example

Lecture 1:
Introduction

Course ENGR2026, Problem Set 1

Description Problems are taken/adapted from the textbook, Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 10th
Learning Outcomes Edition. W. D. Callister Jr., and D. G. Rethwisch. Highlighted problems given a mark weight should be
Lecture/Topic
submitted for grading.
Schedule
1) Adapted from problem 2.3 Below is a table of the 6 naturally occurring Hafnium isotopes. Calculate
Grading Scheme
the average atomic weight of Hf.
Course Materials
Assignment Example
Isotope Weight(amu) Frequency(%)
Introduction 174
Hf 173.940 0.16
176
to Engineering Hf 175.941 5.26
177
Materials Hf 176.943 18.60
178
Hf 177.944 27.28
Material Types 179
Hf 178.946 13.62
180
Material Properties Hf 179.947 35.08
Material Selection

Summary
2) Adapted from problem 2.4 (20 marks) Bromine has two naturally occurring isotopes: 79Br, with an
atomic weight of 78.918 amu, and 81Br with an atomic weight of 80.916 amu. If the average atomic weight
for Br is 79.903 amu, calculate the fraction-of-occurrences of these two isotopes.

3) Adapted from problem 2.9 (20 marks) Give the electron configurations for the following ions:
Fe2+ , Al3+ , Cu+ , Ba2+ , Br – , and O2 – . Use table 2.2 (see also the Aufbau diagram).

4) Adapted from problems 2.18 and 2.19 (40 marks) The attractive (EA ) and repulsive (ER )
potential energies are described as such, where A, B, and n are constants and r is the inter-atomic radius:
A B
EA = − ER =
r rn
 Introduction to Engineering Materials

Lecture 1:
Introduction

Course
Description
Learning Outcomes
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
Grading Scheme
Primary Concerns:
Course Materials
Assignment Example 1 Material Types
Introduction
to Engineering
2 Material Properties
Materials
Material Types
3 Material Selection
Material Properties
Material Selection

Summary
 Introduction to Engineering Materials

Lecture 1:
Introduction

1 Metals
Course
Description
Strong, Ductile
Learning Outcomes High thermal and electrical conductivities
Lecture/Topic
Schedule Opaque, reflective
Grading Scheme
Course Materials 2 Ceramics: compounds of metallic and non-metallic
Assignment Example
elements
Introduction
to Engineering Hard, Brittle
Materials
Material Types
Low thermal and electrical conductivities
Material Properties Opaque, translucent, or transparent
Material Selection

Summary 3 Polymers/Plastics
Soft, ductile, low strength, low density
Low thermal and electrical conductivities
Opaque, translucent, or transparent
 Introduction to Engineering Materials
Material Properties

Lecture 1:
Introduction
1 Mechanical: How strong is it? How does it react to
Course
stress? How does it deform under load? Are deformations
Description
Learning Outcomes
permanent?
Lecture/Topic
Schedule 2 Electrical: How does it react to an electric field? Does
Grading Scheme
Course Materials
this change with impurities, or temperature?
Assignment Example

Introduction
3 Thermal: What is the heat capacity? What is the thermal
to Engineering
Materials
conductivity? Does the material expand when heated?
Material Types
Material Properties
4 Magnetic: How does the material respond to a magnetic
Material Selection
field?
Summary
5 Optical: Is the material reflective, or transparent? Does it
interfere with light?
6 Deteriorative: Is the material chemically stable? Will it
corrode or dissolve over time?
 Introduction to Engineering Materials
Material Properties

Lecture 1:
Introduction
Mechanical Properties
The effect of carbon content on the hardness of a common
Course steel:
Description
Learning Outcomes
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
Grading Scheme
Course Materials
Assignment Example

Introduction
to Engineering
Materials
Material Types
Material Properties
Material Selection

Summary
 Introduction to Engineering Materials
Material Properties

Lecture 1:
Introduction
Electrical Properties

Course
Description
Learning Outcomes
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
Grading Scheme
Course Materials
Assignment Example

Introduction
to Engineering
Materials
Material Types
Material Properties
Material Selection

Summary

Increasing temperature increases resistivity

Increasing impurity content increases resistivity
Deformation increases resistivity
 Introduction to Engineering Materials
Material Properties

Lecture 1:
Introduction Thermal Properties
Thermal Conductivity—measure of a material’s ability to
Course
Description
conduct heat
Learning Outcomes
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
Grading Scheme
Course Materials
Assignment Example

Introduction
to Engineering
Materials
Material Types
Material Properties
Material Selection

Summary

Increasing impurity content decreases thermal conductivity

 Introduction to Engineering Materials
Material Properties

Lecture 1:
Introduction

Thermal Properties
Course
Description
Porosity decreases thermal conductivity; void space breaks
Learning Outcomes thermal contact within the material
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
Grading Scheme
Course Materials
Assignment Example

Introduction
to Engineering
Materials
Material Types
Material Properties
Material Selection

Summary
 Introduction to Engineering Materials
Material Properties

Lecture 1:
Introduction Magnetic Properties
Magnetic storage—Recording Magnetic permeability—adding
Course
Description
medium is magnetized by 3 atomic% Si makes Fe a better
Learning Outcomes recording write head recording medium
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
Grading Scheme
Course Materials
Assignment Example

Introduction
to Engineering
Materials
Material Types
Material Properties
Material Selection

Summary
 Introduction to Engineering Materials
Material Properties

Lecture 1:
Introduction
Optical Properties
The light transmittance of some materials depend on their
Course structural characteristics
Description
Learning Outcomes
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
Grading Scheme
Course Materials
Assignment Example

Introduction
to Engineering
Materials
Material Types
Material Properties
Material Selection

Summary
 Introduction to Engineering Materials
Material Properties

Lecture 1:
Introduction Deteriorative Properties
Small cracks formed in steel bar that was simultaneously
Course stressed and immersed in sea water (a form of stress-corrosion
Description
Learning Outcomes
cracking)
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
Grading Scheme
Course Materials
Assignment Example

Introduction
to Engineering
Materials
Material Types
Material Properties
Material Selection

Summary
 Introduction to Engineering Materials
Material Properties

Lecture 1:
Introduction
Deteriorative Properties
For stress-corrosion cracking, rate of crack growth is diminished
Course by heat treating
Description
Learning Outcomes
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
Grading Scheme
Course Materials
Assignment Example

Introduction
to Engineering
Materials
Material Types
Material Properties
Material Selection

Summary
 Introduction to Materials
Material Selection

Lecture 1:
Introduction

Course
Engineers often solve materials selection problems.
Description
Learning Outcomes 1 For a specific application −→ Determine required
Lecture/Topic
Schedule properties
Grading Scheme
Course Materials 2 From required properties −→ Identify candidate
Assignment Example

Introduction
material(s)
to Engineering
Materials 3 Best candidate material −→ Specify processing techniques
Material Types
Material Properties
To provide required set of properties
Material Selection To produce component in desired shape and size
Summary Techniques include casting, mechanical forming, welding,
heat treating
To be cost effective
 Introduction to Materials
Material Selection

Lecture 1:
Introduction
Case Study: Artificial Hip Replacement
Hip joint problems can be painful and disabling
Course Joint deterioration (loss of cartilage) as one ages
Description
Learning Outcomes
Joint fracture
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
Grading Scheme
Course Materials
Assignment Example

Introduction
to Engineering
Materials
Material Types
Material Properties
Material Selection

Summary
 Introduction to Materials
Material Selection

Lecture 1:
Introduction

Course Case Study: Artificial Hip Replacement

Description
Learning Outcomes
Damaged and diseased joints can be replaced with artificial
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
ones.
Grading Scheme
Course Materials
Materials requirements for artificial joints:
Assignment Example
Biocompatible—minimum rejection by surrounding tissues
Introduction
to Engineering (beyond the scope of this course)
Materials
Material Types Chemically inert to body fluids
Material Properties
Material Selection
Mechanical strength to support forces generated
Summary
Good lubricity and high wear resistance between
articulating surfaces
 Introduction to Materials
Material Selection

Lecture 1:
Introduction

Case Study: Artificial Hip Replacement

Course
Description
Learning Outcomes
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
Femoral stem—inserted
Grading Scheme
Course Materials
into top of hip bone
Assignment Example (femur); will be under
Introduction
to Engineering
tensile and compressive
Materials
Material Types
loads
Material Properties
Material Selection
Head (Ball)—affixed to
Summary femoral stem; mostly
compressive loads
 Introduction to Materials
Material Selection

Lecture 1:
Introduction

Case Study: Artificial Hip Replacement

Course
Description
Learning Outcomes
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
Grading Scheme
Course Materials
Assignment Example
Shell—attached to the
Introduction pelvis
to Engineering
Materials Liner—into which the
Material Types
Material Properties head fits; mediates contact
Material Selection
between shell and head
Summary
 Introduction to Materials
Material Selection

Lecture 1:
Introduction

Course
Description
Case Study: Artificial Hip Replacement
Learning Outcomes
Lecture/Topic
Femoral stem—Ti or CoCrMo alloy
Schedule
Grading Scheme Something light and strong is required, but ceramics are
Course Materials
Assignment Example unsuitable as ceramics have low tensile strength.
Introduction
to Engineering
Head (Ball)—CoCrMo alloy or Al2 O3 (ceramic)
Materials Lower tensile stresses, so ceramics may be suitable
Material Types
Material Properties
Material Selection
Shell—titanium alloy
Summary Liner—polyethylene (polymer) or Al2 O3 (ceramic)
Want to avoid metal-on-metal contact
 Summary

Lecture 1:
Introduction

Course
Appropriate materials and processing decisions require
Description engineers to understand materials and their properties.
Learning Outcomes
Lecture/Topic
Schedule
Materials’ properties depend on their structures; structures
Grading Scheme
Course Materials
are determined by how materials are processed
Assignment Example
In terms of chemistry the three classifications of materials
Introduction
to Engineering are metals, ceramics, and polymers
Materials
Material Types Most properties of materials fall into the following six
Material Properties
Material Selection categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic,
Summary optical, and deteriorative.
An important role of engineers is that of materials
selection.