ITUPublications International Telecommunication Union

Recommendations Standardization Sector

Recommendation
ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023)

SERIES G: Transmission systems and media, digital

systems and networks
Access networks – Optical line systems for local and access
networks

Wavelength division multiplexed passive optical

networks (WDM PON): General requirements
Amendment 1
 ITU-T G-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS
Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks

INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS AND CIRCUITS G.100-G.199

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS COMMON TO ALL ANALOGUE CARRIER-
G.200-G.299
TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE
G.300-G.399
SYSTEMS ON METALLIC LINES
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIER TELEPHONE
SYSTEMS ON RADIO-RELAY OR SATELLITE LINKS AND INTERCONNECTION WITH G.400-G.449
METALLIC LINES
COORDINATION OF RADIOTELEPHONY AND LINE TELEPHONY G.450-G.499
TRANSMISSION MEDIA AND OPTICAL SYSTEMS CHARACTERISTICS G.600-G.699
DIGITAL TERMINAL EQUIPMENTS G.700-G.799
DIGITAL NETWORKS G.800-G.899
DIGITAL SECTIONS AND DIGITAL LINE SYSTEM G.900-G.999
MULTIMEDIA QUALITY OF SERVICE AND PERFORMANCE – GENERIC AND USER-
G.1000-G.1999
RELATED ASPECTS
TRANSMISSION MEDIA CHARACTERISTICS G.6000-G.6999
DATA OVER TRANSPORT – GENERIC ASPECTS G.7000-G.7999
PACKET OVER TRANSPORT ASPECTS G.8000-G.8999
ACCESS NETWORKS G.9000-G.9999
Metallic access networks G.9700-G.9799
Optical line systems for local and access networks G.9800-G.9899
In premises networks G.9900-G.9999

For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations.

Recommendation ITU-T G.9802.1

Wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (WDM PON): General

requirements

Amendment 1

Summary
Recommendation ITU-T G.9802.1 describes the general requirements for wavelength-routed optical
distribution network (ODN) based wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks or
WDM-PONs. The general architecture and system level requirements, such as line rates, capacity in
terms of channel count, optical line termination (OLT) and optical network unit (ONU) modularity,
and security are given. The symmetric nominal line rate combinations of 25 Gbit/s and 10 Gbit/s per
wavelength channel are supported. The requirements for a range of relevant applications are
described in terms of the needed interfaces, physical layer, operation, synchronization, resilience and
protection options.
Amendment 1 adds requirements on failure protection for channel terminations (CTs), ODNs or both
in wavelength-routed passive optical networks (PONs).

History *

Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID

1.0 ITU-T G.9802.1 2021-08-06 15 11.1002/1000/14633
1.1 ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 2023-02-22 15 11.1002/1000/15158

Keywords
BiDi, single fibre transmission, WDM access, WDM PON.

* To access the Recommendation, type the URL https://handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web
browser, followed by the Recommendation's unique ID.

Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023) i

 FOREWORD
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of
telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication
Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical,
operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing
telecommunications on a worldwide basis.
The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years,
establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on
these topics.
The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1.
In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-T's purview, the necessary standards are
prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC.

NOTE
In this Recommendation, the expression "Administration" is used for conciseness to indicate both a
telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency.
Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain
mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the
Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words "shall" or some
other obligatory language such as "must" and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The
use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may
involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others
outside of the Recommendation development process.
As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property,
protected by patents/software copyrights, which may be required to implement this Recommendation.
However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore
strongly urged to consult the appropriate ITU-T databases available via the ITU-T website at
http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/.

© ITU 2023
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the
prior written permission of ITU.

ii Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023)

 Table of Contents
Page
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................. 1
2 References.......................................................................................................................... 1
3 Definitions ......................................................................................................................... 2
3.1 Terms defined elsewhere ................................................................................... 2
3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation ........................................................... 3
4 Abbreviations and acronyms ............................................................................................ 3
5 Conventions ....................................................................................................................... 4
6 Architecture of the WR-ODN based WDM PON ........................................................... 4
6.1 System architecture overview ............................................................................ 4
6.2 Common requirements ....................................................................................... 5
6.3 WR-ODN system reference layering ................................................................ 5
6.4 Compatibility and migration scheme ................................................................ 6
7 Service requirements ......................................................................................................... 8
7.1 Service specific requirements ............................................................................ 8
7.2 User network interfaces (UNI) .......................................................................... 8
7.3 Service node interfaces (SNI) ............................................................................ 8
7.4 Access node interfaces (ANI) ............................................................................ 9
7.5 Synchronization and clock transfer ................................................................... 9
8 Physical layer requirements .............................................................................................. 10
8.1 Capacity............................................................................................................... 10
8.2 Support for multiple channel pairs .................................................................... 10
8.3 Wavelength router capability ............................................................................. 11
8.4 Fibre type and fibre reach .................................................................................. 11
9 System level requirements ................................................................................................ 11
9.1 Pay as you grow expectations ............................................................................ 11
9.2 OLT side modularity .......................................................................................... 12
9.3 ONU side modularity ......................................................................................... 12
9.4 Interoperability ................................................................................................... 12
9.5 Security ............................................................................................................... 12
10 Operational requirements .................................................................................................. 12
10.1 Provisioning method .......................................................................................... 12
10.2 Test and diagnostics function ............................................................................ 13
10.3 System management and monitoring ................................................................ 13
10.4 System troubleshooting ...................................................................................... 14
10.5 Environmental and physical requirements ........................................................ 14
10.6 Energy saving objectives ................................................................................... 14
10.7 Eye safety ............................................................................................................ 14

Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023) iii

 Page
11 Resilience and protection on ODN................................................................................... 15
11.1 Rogue behaviour prevention, detection and mitigation ................................... 15
11.2 CT failure protection .......................................................................................... 15
11.3 ODN failure protection ...................................................................................... 19
11.4 CT and ODN failure protection ......................................................................... 21
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................. 23

iv Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023)

Recommendation ITU-T G.9802.1

Wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (WDM PON):

General requirements

Amendment 1

Editorial note: This is a complete-text publication. Modifications introduced by this amendment are
shown in revision marks relative to Recommendation ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021).

1 Scope
This Recommendation, as part of the multi-wavelength passive optical network (MW-PON)
ITU-T G.9802 series of Recommendations, describes the general requirements of wavelength
division multiplexing (WDM) PON using wavelength- routed optical distribution network (WR-
ODN), i.e., based on a wavelength multiplexer in the optical distribution network (ODN).
It describes requirements of WR-ODN based WDM PON, including general system architecture,
service requirements, physical layer requirements (e.g., reach, channel count options), system level
requirements (e.g., line rates, coexistence), and operational requirements (e.g., guidelines for
provisioning, monitoring, and energy efficiency).
Amendment 1 to this Recommendation adds requirements on failure protection for channel
terminations (CTs), ODNs or both in wavelength-routed passive optical networks (PONs).

2 References
The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through
reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the
editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision;
users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the
currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within
this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation.
[ITU-T G.652] Recommendation ITU-T G.652 (2016), Characteristics of a
single-mode optical fibre and cable.
[ITU-T G.657] Recommendation ITU-T G.657 (2016), Characteristics of a
bending-loss insensitive single-mode optical fibre and cable.
[ITU-T G.986] Recommendation ITU-T G.986 (2010), 1 Gbit/s point-to-point
Ethernet-based optical access system.
[ITU-T G.987] Recommendation ITU-T G.987 (2012), 10-Gigabit-capable passive
optical network (XG-PON) systems: Definitions, abbreviations and
acronyms.
[ITU-T G.988] Recommendation ITU-T G.988 (2017), ONU management and control
interface (OMCI) specification.
[ITU-T G.989] Recommendation ITU-T G.989 (2015), 40-Gigabit-capable passive
optical networks (NG-PON2): Definitions, abbreviations and
acronyms.

Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023) 1

[ITU-T G.989.1] Recommendation ITU-T G.989.1 (2013), 40-Gigabit-capable passive
optical networks (NG-PON2): General requirements.
[ITU-T G.989.2] Recommendation ITU-T G.989.2 (2019), 40-Gigabit-capable passive
optical networks 2 (NG PON2): Physical media dependent (PMD) layer
specification.
[ITU-T G.989.3] Recommendation ITU-T G.989.3 (2021), 40-Gigabit-capable passive
optical networks (NG-PON2): Transmission convergence layer
specification.
[ITU-T G.8261] Recommendation ITU-T G.8261 (2019), Timing and synchronization
aspects in packet networks.
[ITU-T G.8262] Recommendation ITU-T G.8262 (2018), Timing characteristics of a
synchronous equipment slave clock.
[ITU-T G.9802] Recommendation ITU-T G.9802 (2015), Multiple-wavelength passive
optical networks (MW-PONs).
[ITU-T G.9806] Recommendation ITU-T G.9806 (2020), Higher speed bidirectional,
single fibre, point-to-point optical access system (HS-PtP).
[ITU-T G.9807.1 Amd. 1] Recommendation ITU-T G.9807.1 Amd. 1 (2017), 10-Gigabit-capable
symmetric passive optical network (XGS-PON).
[BBF TR-156] Broadband Forum Technical Report BBF TR-156 Issue 4 (2017), Using
GPON Access in the context of TR-101.
[IEC 60825-2] International Standard IEC 60825-2 (2004), Safety of laser products –
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS).
[IEEE 802.3] IEEE Standards Association IEEE 802.3 (2008), IEEE Standard for
Information technology – Telecommunications and information
exchange between systems – Local and metropolitan area networks –
Specific requirements Part 3: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer
Specifications.
[IEEE 1588] IEEE Standards Association IEEE 1588 (2019), IEEE Standard for a
Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement
and Control Systems.
[IEEE 1588v2] IEEE Standards Association IEEE 1588v2 (2021), Precision Timing
Protocol (PTP).

3 Definitions

3.1 Terms defined elsewhere

This Recommendation uses the following terms defined in [ITU-T G.987]:
3.1.1 optical distribution network (ODN): A point-to-multipoint optical fibre infrastructure.
A simple ODN is entirely passive and is represented by a single-rooted point-to-multipoint tree of
optical fibres with splitters, combiners, filters, and possibly other passive optical components.
A composite ODN consists of two or more passive segments interconnected by active devices, each
of the segments being either an optical trunk line segment or an optical distribution segment.
A passive optical distribution segment is a simple ODN itself. Two ODNs with distinct roots can
share a common subtree.

2 Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023)

3.1.2 optical line termination (OLT): A network element in an ODN-based optical access
network that terminates the root of at least one ODN and provides an optical access network (OAN)
service node interface (SNI).
3.1.3 optical network unit (ONU): A network element in an ODN-based optical access network
that terminates a leaf of the optical distribution network (ODN) and provides an optical access
network user network interface or OAN user network interface (UNI).
3.1.4 passive optical network (PON) system: A combination of network elements in an
ODN-based optical access network that includes an optical line termination (OLT) and multiple
optical network units (ONUs) and implements a particular coordinated suite of physical medium
dependent layer, transmission convergence layer, and management protocols.

3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation

This Recommendation defines the following terms:
3.2.1 channel termination (CT): One OLT CT pertains to one channel pair, including a physical
port and a logical function. The physical port in the optical line termination (OLT) connects to/from
a fibre of the optical distribution network (ODN). The logical function resides at the OLT network
element and terminates a single channel pair in a WRP system, from the management TC layer
aspect.OLT CT: Each of the physical ports in the optical line terminal (OLT) that connects to/from
a fibre of the optical distribution network (ODN) is named as channel termination (CT). In the
context of wavelength router-based transmission it is interpretated as terminating a channel pair
(CP).
3.2.2 channel pair: A set of one downstream wavelength channel and one upstream wavelength
channel that provides connectivity between an optical line termination (OLT) and one optical
network unit (ONU).
3.2.3 channel group: A set of channel pairs (CPs) carried over a common fibre.
3.2.4 inter channel termination protocol (ICTP): A protocol that is executed between the OLT
CTs to enable functions such as protection management.
3.2.5 multiple channel termination module (MCT): A specific implementation at the OLT
network element that terminates multiple WR-ODN based WDM PON system (WRP) channels
within a single physical module in a WRP system.
3.2.6 wavelength- routed ODN: An optical distribution network where the branching node
(splitter) is wavelength selective and the port to which an optical network unit (ONU) is connected
determines the channel pair (CP) to be used for communications.

4 Abbreviations and acronyms

This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms:
AN Access Node
AWG Arrayed Waveguide Grating
CBU Cellular Backhaul Unit type ONU
CG Channel Group
CP Channel Pair
CPRI Common Public Radio Interface
CT Channel Termination
ICTP Inter Channel Termination Protocol

Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023) 3

MCT Multi Channel Termination Module
OAM Operations, Administration and Maintenance
OAN Optical Access Network
OBSAI Open Base Station Standard Initiative
OC Operation Control
ODN Optical Distribution Network
OLT Optical Line TerminalTermination
ONU Optical Network Unit
OPS Optical (achromatic) Power Splitter
PAYG Pay As You Grow
PLOAM Physical Layer Operations, Administration and Maintenance
PON Passive Optical Network
R/S Receive/Send Reference point at ONU side
Rx Receiver
SNI Service Node Interface
S/R Send/Receive Reference point at OLT side
Tx Transmitter
UNI User Network Interface
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
WR Wavelength Router
WRP WR-ODN based WDM PON system
WR-ODN Wavelength- Routed ODN

5 Conventions
This Recommendation uses conventions defined in [ITU-T G.9802].

6 Architecture of the WR-ODN based WDM PON

6.1 System architecture overview

A WR-ODN based WDM PON system (WRP) consists of the wavelength multiplexing of several
channel terminations (CTs), each providing bi-directional connectivity through a pair of
wavelengths constituting a channel pair (CP). The system architecture described in this
Recommendation is adapted from Figures 6-1 and 6-11 in [ITU-T G.9802].
The passive wavelength router (WR) sits sitting in the ODN routes in each of the CP constitutive of
the channel group (CG), towards a different physical drop port. In Figure 6-1, the ODN wavelength
routing function is located in a single device, multiple stage structures are also possible but are out
of the scope of this Recommendation.
In Figure 6-1, all CTs are located in the same OLT chassis, and each ONU is associated with a
single CP, where the access node (AN) side WR may reside in the OLT chassis. Options in which
CPs are originated from different OLT chassis and ONU retrieving several CPs are also possible.
Both of these options are out of scope of this Recommendation.

4 Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023)

NOTE – Since no backward compatibility with legacy ONUs is considered, the term ONU is equivalent to
WRP ONU in the present Recommendation.

Figure 6-1 – Functional architecture and reference points for WRP

6.2 Common requirements

The WRP systems should support:
– The symmetric nominal line rate combination options per CP:
• 25 Gbit/s
• 10 Gbit/s
• other nominal line rates are FFS
– Simultaneous support of 25 Gbit/s CT and 10 Gbit/s CT on different CPs are is required.
The nominal line rate per CP can be changed by replacing the CT.
– 12/20/40 wavelength CPs for WR-ODN.
– A WRP ONU shall be wavelength agnostic and so usable on any of the ONU side ports of
the WR in the ODN.

6.3 WR-ODN system reference layering

The layered structure of a WRP is shown in Table 6-1. The protocol reference model is divided into
the transmission convergence (TC) and physical medium dependent (PMD) layers, which are the
two layers considered in this Recommendation.

Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023) 5

The WRP TC layer is divided into PON transmission and adaptation sublayers, which correspond to
the transmission convergence sublayer of the tributary units conveying various data types. The PON
transmission sublayer terminates the required transmission function on the ODN. The PON-specific
functions are terminated by the PON transmission sublayer, and it is not seen from the adaptation
sublayer.

Table 6-1 – Layered structure of WRP

Path layer
Transmission media Transmission Adaptation Encapsulation
layer – Note convergence Transmission Service transporting
(TC) layer
Privacy and security
Synchronization
Management capabilities

Physical medium dependent (PMD) Electrical/optical adaptation

layer Wavelength division multiplexing
(WDM)
Fibre connection
NOTE – The transmission medium layer must provide the related operations, administration and
maintenance (OAM) functions.

6.4 Compatibility and migration scheme

Two main scenarios for WRP have been identified:
a) Greenfield in which the ODN will be newly built;
b) Brownfield in which WRP will be used to upgrade an existing single fibre link, as shown
in Figure 6-2.
While in the greenfield scenario, the optical budget is not constrained, convergence with existing
well established budget classes is preferable to maximize the benefit from existing modules and
avoid an opto-electronic modules market split.
Thus, the optical budget classes of [ITU-T G.989] and [ITU-T G.9806] will be considered for re-
use.
When WRP systems are intended for brownfield deployment, the ability to cover the legacy optical
budget classes of point-to-point ODNs defined in [ITU-T G.986] and [ITU-T G.9806] is required.
Thus, solutions for legacy optical budget classes with the addition of the WR device's insertion loss
are necessary, as represented in Figure 6-2. Class « x » is to be understood as any of the relevant
legacy optical budget classes with also due consideration of the legacy link length.

6 Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023)

 Figure 6-2 – Upgrade example of a legacy link (at the top) to a multi-channel one (bottom)

In addition to line rate and distance options, full simultaneous mixing of CT/CPs with different
optical budget classes is required.
Pay as you grow (PAYG) provisioning of optical modules is required to allow control of both
installation costs and power savings.
Replacement of transceivers on a per CP basis should be made possible to enable future technology
migrations, either to higher line rates or towards less power-hungry solutions.
Co-existence with legacy PON is for further study.

Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023) 7

7 Service requirements
WRP should support mobile fronthaul, midhaul and backhaul services as the first step. Support of
high-end residential or business services is not precluded.
Mix-generation antenna sites should be supported. In this context, synchronization enablers
including synchronization interfaces are of utmost importance.

7.1 Service specific requirements

In order to provide the necessary capacity to convey the targeted wireless flow in its entirety, it
requires the offering ofmeans to offer transparent forwarding with minimal delay and jitter are
required.

7.2 User network interfaces (UNI)

UNI is defined as the interface that includes the following conditions:
– Interconnection between the access network and the customer;
– Described by a well-known standard;
– Includes a physical layer aspect.
Examples of UNIs, physical interfaces, and the services that they provide are shown in Table 7-1.

Table 7-1 – Examples of UNI and services

UNI (Note 1) Physical interface (Note 2) Service (Note 3)
1 Gbit/s /10 Gbit/s /25 Gbit/s 1000/10G/25G BASE Ethernet, or Ethernet based
Ethernet eCPRI (see [b-eCPRI])
[IEEE 802.3] Copper based UNI
1 Gbit/s/10 Gbit/s/25 Gbit/s 1000/10G/25G BASE Ethernet, or Ethernet based
[IEEE 802.3] Fibre based UNI eCPRI (see [b-eCPRI])
Common public radio interface Option2, Option3 Option 7, Option Wireless fronthaul
(CPRI) / Open base station standard 8, Option 10
initiative (OBSAI)
1 PPS 1PPS Synchronizing interface
NOTE 1 – There are many other services accommodated in WDM PON, but those services do not have
specified UNIs.
NOTE 2 – Each item in the "Physical interface" column is illustrated by the corresponding entry in the
"UNI" column.
NOTE 3 – The column labelled "Service" shows which services can be supported by the physical
interface.

7.3 Service node interfaces (SNI)

SNI is defined as the interface that includes the following conditions:
– Interconnection between the access network and the service node;
– Described by a well-known standard;
– Includes a physical layer aspect.
Examples of SNIs, physical interfaces and services that they provide are shown in Table 7-2.

8 Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023)

 Table 7-2 – Examples of SNI and services
SNI Physical interface Service
(Note 1) (Note 2) (Note 3)

1 Gbit/s / 10 Gbit/s / 25 Gbit/s 1G/10G/25G/40G/50G/100G/ Ethernet, or Ethernet-based eCPRI

40 Gbit/s / 50 Gbit/s 200G/400G BASE (see [b-eCPRI])
100 Gbit/s / 200 Gbit/s /
400 Gbit/s – [IEEE 802.3]
CPRI/OBSAI Option2, Option3, Option 7,
Option 8, Option 10
NOTE 1 – There are many other services accommodated in WDM PON systems, but those services do not
have specified SNIs.
NOTE 2 – Each item in the "Physical interface" column is illustrated by the corresponding entry in the
"SNI" column.
NOTE 3 – The column labelled "Service" shows which services can be supported by the physical
interface.

7.4 Access node interfaces (ANI)

Flexible system configurations are required to improve equipment utilizsation, reduce power
consumption, and lower capital expenditure and inventory costs.
To this end, WRP must support flexible and agnostic interfaces to the optical access network
(OAN) to enable the OLT network element to accommodate multiple line rate combinations, and
modulation formats by the CT replacement. This objective can be achieved by using pluggable
access node interfaces.

7.5 Synchronization and clock transfer

WRP OLTs for this application must be able to receive a high-quality timing clock as well as to
serve as a master timing source for the ONUs. The ONUs must be able to distribute accurate
timing/synchronization to cell sites to meet their frequency/phase/time synchronization
requirements.
For this purpose, WRP shall provide a function to transfer the accurate phase/time information
between OLT and ONUs while considering the propagation delay and the processing delay between
them. Additional inaccuracy incurred in the PON section shall be much less than the reference
accuracy to leave a margin for other network sections. A summary of the synchronization
requirements for different wireless technologies was provided in Table A.II.1 of [ITU-T G.9807.1
Amd. 1] (Amendment 1).
The mechanisms, for instance, as specified in [ITU-T G.8261] and [ITU-T G.8262], for distributing
accurate timing to the 3G/4G/5G cell sites are for further study depending on the performance and
economics. Given In view of the extra complexity in delivering timing to applications such as
mobile backhaul, the additional functionality might be limited to specific " cellular backhaul unit
type (CBU)" ONUs.
Aspects of clock propagation, frequency and time of day synchronization scenarios, and Ethernet
synchronization messaging channel (ESMC) messages transport over PON with precision timing
protocol [IEEE 1588v2], can be respectively referred to in Appendices A.IV, A.V and A.VI of
[ITU-T G.9807.1 Amd. 1] (Amendment 1).
Descriptive information for synchronizing requirements of 5G transport services can be found
in [b-ITU-T G.Sup.66].

Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023) 9

8 Physical layer requirements

8.1 Capacity
Generally, WRP should be capable of offering sufficient capacity to enable the various services
required in clause 7. BesidesIn addition, the WRP should offer an upgrade to greater line rates
without foreseeable technology roadblocks or bottlenecks.
8.1.1 Aggregate capacity at OLT S/R-CG
A WRP, which operates over multiple wavelength channels, shall be able to support a nominal line
rate per wavelength channel of approximately symmetrical 10 Gbit/s or 25 Gbit/s. Within each
wavelength channel, the WRP shall support the same requirements with respect to service rate
diversity, a full 10 GigE interface, and a full 25 GigE interface.
8.1.2 Capacity at ONU
A WRP ONU shall be able to support the maximum service rate of approximately 10 Gbit/s or
25 Gbit/s. Note that depending on the target application (e.g., mobile backhaul, mobile fronthaul,
etc.) and specific deployment requirements, an ONU may support a lower service rate such as 1
Gbit/s Ethernet, common public radio interface (CPRI) option 3, etc. A WRP ONU is required to
offer a 10 Gbit/s or 25 Gbit/s physical interface to the customer. An advanced WRP ONU
supporting multiple CPs shall be able to support service rates above/overin excess of the maximum
service rate for a single channel.

8.2 Support for multiple channel pairs

Given the various deployment scenarios, a WRP OLT shall be able to support multiple CPs, as
shown in Figure 8-1.
– All integrated, which means all CPs are supported by a complete and integrated array of
CTs within an multiple channel termination (MCT) module;
– Grouped, which means CPs are distributed in several MCT modules, and each MCT
module comprises of several CTs;
– Individual CT, which means each CP is supported by an independent CT.

10 Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023)

 Figure 8-1 – CP integration options

8.3 Wavelength router capability

The WR in the ODN includes wavelength filters (e.g., arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs)). At the
WR, the ODN branches out to drop fibres, one or several for each ONU. Thus, the ONU's
wavelengths will be determined by its physical connectivity to the WR in the ODN, e.g., by one
port or multi-port on a WR.

8.4 Fibre type and fibre reach

The system must support using fibre types described in [ITU-T G.652] and [ITU-T G.657].
The system must support the maximum fibre distance classes of:
– 0 to 10 km for wireless applications that are latency sensitive;
– 0 to 20 km for a more general purpose and to match the legacy PON ODN minimal reach.

9 System level requirements

9.1 Pay as you grow expectations

The WRP enables the addition of ONUs and OLT CT that are not service affecting to traffic flows
that are already up and running.
The replacement of one CT by another combination on the given point-to-point wavelength channel
must be individual by conception.

Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023) 11

9.2 OLT side modularity
OLT CTs, unless intended for protection, should be independent from one another, in line rates and
modulation format. On a given CP the replacement of one CT by another combination (e.g., line
rate) on the CP must be possible individually.
Given the focus on mobile fronthaul, the OLT design should facilitate multiplexing connectivity
(i.e., sum of SNI capacity = sum of ANI capacity).
Ideally the OLT will be able to individually populate the WRP with OLT CT up to its maximal
channel capacity. Hot plug-and-play behaviour is expected.
However, since implementations of MCT OLT CT can prove more efficient, a granularity of four
and upper above is envisioned.
Still in case of such MCT modules, ability to activate them individually and proportionality of
power consumption to activated CPs is requested.

9.3 ONU side modularity

Given the focus on mobile fronthaul, generally there are two ONU design options according to
ONU form factor and RU connection mode that needs to be addressed:
1) Module option: The ONU is implemented as a pluggable stick supporting only one CP,
which is convenient for deployment by plugging it into RU, saving space and minimizing
the power supply requirement. In this option, optical penalty and limitation on management
channel should be considered. Hot plug-and-play behaviour and dying gasp feature is
expected.
2) Device option: The ONU is a standalone device with one or more CPs, which can serve
single or multiple RUs in a site. In case of serving multiple RUs, ability to activate each CP
individually is requested.

9.4 Interoperability
The optical access equipment implemented under the WRP suite of ITU-T Recommendations is
expected to be fully interoperable as far as OLT and ONU are concerned, and support open,
standards-based interfaces for any external functions.

9.5 Security
High levels of security are required from WRP especially as they are meant to provide high end
users and high-end application traffic. Despite the inherent isolation provided by the WR, and hence
physical layer security, secure authentication and an optional encryption method should also be
provided.

10 Operational requirements

10.1 Provisioning method

The provisioning methods for WRP systems will reflect the versatility required by the variety of
services to be conveyed. This will specifically have to address the diverse requirements of
synchronizing schemes and the necessity to estimate the transmission delay between OLT CT and
ONU for any CP.
Individual provisioning of OLT CT is required to provide a full PAYG capability even in case of
OLT CTs implemented in modules containing multiple CTs (aka MCT).
In order to enable a sanity check of the OLT CT together with the ODN prior to ONU connection,
the means to check adequate transmit power and establish an optical path loss measurement must be

12 Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023)

provided. An operation control (OC) message derived from the one described in clause 8.3 of
[ITU-T G.9806] is required.
Since only colourless ONUs will be used over a WR-ODN, automated discovery by both ends
under OLT CT initializing is required.
Authentication methods will be replicated from [BBF TR-156].
Management of CGs ending at a same remote site will be provided enabling correlated monitoring
and troubleshooting experience.

10.2 Test and diagnostics function

The goal of WDM PON supervision is to reduce the operational expenditure of the PON systems,
without significantly increasing the capital expenditure by including all necessary test and
diagnostic capability in full compatibility with the required bandwidth and time transfer
performances required by the targeted services.
A test and diagnostics function are mandatory to support, and it shall be non-service affecting.
Current ITU-T legacy PON's capabilities of basic testing and diagnostics, which operates at the
PON and data layers, with reporting back of alarms and events, shall be taken as a basis for WRP.

10.3 System management and monitoring

Network operation simplification requires managing management of the WRP system (i.e., the sum
of all CTs together with their respective ONUs), as a single entity, with ONUs being managed via
OLTs, wherever possible. Therefore, WRP shall support full PON real-time management through
ONU management and control functions. Concepts and approaches implemented for legacy PON
(e.g., OMCI) should be reused as much as possible.
Given the significant effort already expended in defining a converged management framework
across optical access systems, ONU management in WRP systems must be based on OMCI ([ITU-T
G.988]) suitably augmented with WRP specific MEs.
The method of conveying physical layer operations, administration and maintenance (PLOAM) and
OMCI messaging described in [ITU-T G.9806] will be re-used for Ethernet based transmission.
For some applications like mobile fronthaul, operations, administration and maintenance (OAM)
requirements may focus on optical layer control and supervision, with the dying gasp function for
the possible outage event in the emergency case.
End-to-end performance monitoring enables operators to diagnose and register where customer
traffic may have been dropped or throttled. Higher layer tools, such as Ethernet performance
monitoring, need to support the capability of monitoring and the verification of ingress and egress
traffic flows in PON network elements.
For services requiring transparent transmission, keeping bitstream integrity, a method to add
necessary management information transparently within the tolerance of the service to be conveyed
must be supported.
For the above requirements, a minimum number of OAM signal transmission methods should be
defined to avoid the market split. For example, methods to carry the OAM signals can be similar to
(1) Transparent AMCC specified in [ITU-T G.989.2], (2) Transcoding AMCC specified in
[ITU-T G.989.3], (3) Overcoding AMCC which is to externally apply one of the xByB coding
defined in Transcoding AMCC to the binary client signal, and (4) OAM Ethernet frames specified
in [ITU-T G.986] and [ITU-T G.9806].
Note that the management channel capacity should enable software download without service
interruption.

Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023) 13

For dual managed ONUs, the WRP system shall optionally support collaborative ONU management
partition between WRP OMCI and remote configuration mechanisms for all types of ONU
accommodated.

10.4 System troubleshooting

The notion of common management of events across CP gathered in logical groups is expected to
help per remote site troubleshooting.
PON systems with their monitoring and control systems will allow operators to decide on the
utilization of proactive or reactive fault repairs in most fault cases. It is of course up to the operators
to decide how to use PON status reports.

10.5 Environmental and physical requirements

Outdoor operation may be needed in many of the envisaged applications for WRP systems;
thus, ONUs shall operate over outdoor temperature ranges. The following are informative examples
of environmental requirements:
– ATIS-0600010.01.2008: (Class 4 unprotected environment)
−40°C to either +46°C ambient plus solar loading, or +70°C ambient
– Telcordia GR-487
−40°C to either +46°C ambient plus solar loading, or +70°C ambient
– ETSI ETS 300 019-1-4: (Class 4.1E: Non-weather protected locations – extended)
−45°C to +45°C ambient plus solar loading
Optionally, the OLT should also be able to operate over the extended outside temperature range.

10.6 Energy saving objectives

The ultimate target of energy efficiency should be that zero payload is to be conveyed equals zero
power consumed and that power consumption per channel is proportional to the payload to be
conveyed.
Following the PAYG principle, an OLT CT that hasn't has not been logically provisioned should
induce no power consumption. As long as no ONU is responding on the CT's CP, the power
consumption of the OLT CT should remain negligible.
Even in the case of OLT CTMCT, the individual power up/down function of the OLT CT is
required.
WRP systems will provide the best user and network energy efficiency experience combining sleep
periods behaviours when the link is idle.
Power saving mechanisms are required and mechanisms including ITU-T PON sleep modes and
line rate switching during low duty periods will be considered. Necessary adjustments can be
tailored to the actual payload to be conveyed.

10.7 Eye safety

All necessary mechanisms must be provided to ensure that no eye damage can be caused to in field
operations in the case of crews unaware of the risks associated with access to fibre, including
labelling and safety locking mechanisms if necessary. The system must meet all applicable
requirements for the classification, service group designation, and accessibility to ensure the safe
operation and servicing of the optical fibre communication system at each node. Since the WRP
features a multiplicity of CPs in the feeder section, the total optical power resulting from one CT at
send/receive reference point at OLT side (S/R)-CPS/R-CP and the sum of all the wavelengths at
S/R-CG on the fibre must be within the safe operation range.

14 Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023)

The WRP network elements need to conform to the following specific classes defined in
[IEC 60825-2], respectively:
– Class 1M for OLT,
– Class 1 for ONU,
– Class 1M for RE.

11 Resilience and protection on ODN

Mechanisms required for operation over a WR-ODN should be made compatible as much as
possible compatible with operation over optical (achromatic) power splitter (OPS) (e.g., as per
ITU-T G.989.1 principles). This will enable network elements to be made compatible at logical
level for chipsets.

11.1 Rogue behaviour prevention, detection and mitigation

Given the optical access legacy of ONUs designed for PON or point to point BiDi transmission
implementing silent start behaviour, reciprocal non harming behaviour is required:
– ONU transmission can only start after recognition of an explicit request to transmit received
from an OLT CT;
– As in WDM PON local framing is optional and no bandwidth map is provided, and still
ONU identification is still useful for management, indicating that the channel is idle and
must be secured:
• On the ONU side, recognition of an explicit message indicates indicating that the
associated upstream wavelength associated to the downstream wavelength to constitute
a CP must be provided by the OLT;
• From the upstream direction signal, the OLT CT must secure that if transmitting, it
does not collide with an already transmitting parallel OLT CT operating on the same
wavelength. Such situations that could occur in certain protection schemes have to be
prevented.
– Means to prevent misinterpretation between sleeping periods and idle status must be
provided. So Consequently silent start timers must exceed the maximal sleep period to
cover at least one wake-up sequence.

11.2 CT failure protection

Given the nature of the WR-ODN WDM PON architecture, since using the same CP, CT protection
is equivalent to the corresponding ONU protection as shown in Figure 11-1 with a specific WR
structure in which a splitter function is embedded. In this scenario, OLT CTs are protected. The
protection OLT CTs are a copy of the working OLT CTs. The physical connection to realize ICTP
can be directly connected by OLT equipment, or through the upper layer network.an OPS function
is embedded.
Design options of the WR boxes in the following figures are for further study.

Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023) 15

 Figure 11–1 – Example of full CT protection scenario

Reference architecture options of protection wavelength router (AN) in a full CT protection

scenario is shown in Figure 11-2. In case of reference architecture option a) (with splitter), all
backup OLT CTs must be turned off until the protection switchover occurs. For reference
architecture option b) (with optical switch), all backup OLT CTs can be turned on during regular
working phase, and take over operation when the protection switchover occurs by setting optical
switch to corresponding wavelength router (AN).

16 Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023)

 Figure 11–2 – Reference architectures of protection wavelength router (AN)
in full CT protection scenario

Similarly, usage of a tunable single protection CT will require an introduction of an OPSa splitter,
as shown in Figure 11-32.

Figure 11–3 – Example of individual CT protection through a splitter and a tunable CT

Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023) 17

 Figure 11-1 – Example of full CT protection

Figure 11-2 – Example of individual CT protection through an OPS and a tunable CT

In the case of concurrent OLT CT operation on a given CP, special care must be taken to coordinate
the OLT CTs. The backup tunable CT can be turned on and set to the corresponding channel pair
when the protection switchover occurs, to take over operation for one of the working OLT CTs.
Even if inter channel termination protocol (ICTP) (See [b-BBF TR-352]) is used, each OLT CT
must implement a silent start behaviour to prevent any collision.
In Figure 11-4, a scheme similar to that in Figure 11-3 is shown that protects against a single CT
failure. This employs a tuneable CT that provides protection over any one of the other CTs. The
ONUs must have the ability to tune over two adjacent wavelengths. Unlike Figure 11-3, two feeder
paths are provided to the remote 2:n WR. Reference information for 2:n WR can be found in
[b-Dragone] [b-Agrawal]. Note that the backup CT tunes over a shifted wavelength range (channels
2 through n+1) compared to the working OLT (channels 1 through n). This is to account for the two
different common ports being used. ONU tuning is required.

18 Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023)

 Figure 11-4 – Example of individual CT and ODN protection using a 2:n
wavelength router and a tuneable CT

11.3 ODN failure protection

An example of feeder protection through a single OLT with an external splitter is shown in
Figure 11-5. The protection switchover occurs by setting optical switch to corresponding feeder
path.Protection of the feeder section with single attachment in Figure 11-3 or through a redundant
OLT located in the same CO or through dual attachment in Figure 11-4.
Details of the necessary structure of local and remote feeder protection enabling WRs or additional
devices are for further study and impact on an optical budget should be kept minimal.

Figure 11-3 – Example of feeder protection through single OLT through

an external optical switch

Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023) 19

 Figure 11–5 – Example of feeder protection through single OLT with
an external optical switch
An alternative scheme of ODN protection utilizing 2:n wavelength routers is shown in Figure 11-6.
In this case, the OLT CT's and the ONUs must have the ability to tune over two adjacent
wavelengths. For example, CT-1 can transmit at 1 and 2. The choice of wavelength then
determines which feeder path would be used. As the dual input WRs are a matched pair, those two
wavelengths would appear at the port for ONU-1, completing the connection. This scheme avoids
the use of an optical switch and the splitter. It also has the feature that both feeder paths can be used
simultaneously for different channels, thereby providing assurance that the backup path is viable.

20 Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023)

 Figure 11-6 – Example of feeder protection using a single OLT with adjacent channel
tuneable CTs, 2:n wavelength routers, and tuneable ONUs

11.4 CT and ODN failure protection

An example of feeder protection through dual OLTs is shown in Figure 11-7. In this case, OLT CTs
and feeder path are both protected. The protection OLT CTs is a copy of the working OLT CTs, and
must be turned off until the protection switchover occurs. This should be taken care of by
implementation of the silent start behaviour at the OLT CT side, when detecting upstream data on
the given channel pair termination.

Figure 11–7 – Example of feeder protection through dual OLT

Figure 11-8 shows an alternative method to protect both the CT and feeder path using dual OLTs. A
single 2:n WR at the remote node, and tuneable ONUs. Note that the two OLTs wavelength sets are
offset by one channel. The working OLT "A" has CT wavelengths 1 through n. The backup OLT
"B" has CT wavelengths 2 through n+1. This shift in wavelength is needed so that the 2:n WR
delivers a pair of wavelengths to each ONU port. This scheme avoids the use of the splitter and
thereby its loss as well.

Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023) 21

 Figure 11-8 – Example of CT and feeder protection using dual OLTs, 2:n
wavelength router, and tuneable ONUs.
Figure 11-9 shows a scheme that provides individual CT and ODN protection through the use of
adjacent channel tuneable CTs, dual 2:n wavelength routers, and adjacent channel tuneable ONUs.
The most important aspect here is that the WR common ports are cross connected. In this way, each
ONU port has a wavelength path to two different CT ports, as denoted in the figure. For example,
ONU-1 can be connected to CT-2 using channel 2 over the working fibre, or connected to CT-0
using channel 1 over the backup fibre. By correctly tuning the OLT CTs and ONUs, both feeder
failure and all single CT failures can be overcome. In fact, about half of the double CT failure cases
can be recovered as well. The OLT must have n+2 CTs to serve n ONUs.

Figure 11-9 – Example of individual CT and feeder protection using tuneable CTs,
dual 2:n WRs, and tuneable ONUs

Figure 11-4 – Example of feeder protection through dual OLT

22 Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023)

 Bibliography

[b-ITU-T G.Sup.66] ITU-T G-series Recommendations – Supplement 66 Sup. 66 (2020), 5G

wireless fronthaul requirements in a passive optical network context.
[b-BBF TR-352] Broadband Forum Technical Report BBF TR-352, Issue 2 (2020), Multi-
wavelength PON Inter-Channel-Termination Protocol (ICTP)
Specification.
[b-Agrawal] Govind P. Agrawal, Fibre-Optic Communications Systems, ISBN-10:
0470505117, ISBN-13: 978-0470505113.
[b-Dragone] C. Dragone, An NxN optical multiplexer using a planar arrangement of
two star couplers, IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett., 3:812-815 (1991).
[b-eCPRI] eCPRI Specification V2.0 (2019), Common Public Radio Interface:
eCPRI Interface Specification.
[b-OBSAI] OBSAI Open Base Station Architecture Initiative (2006), BTS system
reference document V2.0.

Rec. ITU-T G.9802.1 (2021) Amd. 1 (02/2023) 23

 SERIES OF ITU-T RECOMMENDATIONS

Series A Organization of the work of ITU-T

Series D Tariff and accounting principles and international telecommunication/ICT economic and policy issues

Series E Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation and human factors

Series F Non-telephone telecommunication services

Series G Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks

Series H Audiovisual and multimedia systems

Series I Integrated services digital network

Series J Cable networks and transmission of television, sound programme and other multimedia signals

Series K Protection against interference

Environment and ICTs, climate change, e-waste, energy efficiency; construction, installation and
Series L
protection of cables and other elements of outside plant

Series M Telecommunication management, including TMN and network maintenance

Series N Maintenance: international sound programme and television transmission circuits

Series O Specifications of measuring equipment

Series P Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line networks

Series Q Switching and signalling, and associated measurements and tests

Series R Telegraph transmission

Series S Telegraph services terminal equipment

Series T Terminals for telematic services

Series U Telegraph switching

Series V Data communication over the telephone network

Series X Data networks, open system communications and security

Global information infrastructure, Internet protocol aspects, next-generation networks, Internet of

Series Y
Things and smart cities

Series Z Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systems

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